ARCH 23

GLASS AND
GLAZING
Cammayo, D'Bayan, Esperancilla
 GAME

CHARADES
volunteer gets a prize!
FLOAT
TRANSPARENT
 “A hard, brittle, usually transparent or
WHAT IS translucent substance, produced by
fusing silica together with a flux and a
GLASS? stabilizer into a mass that cools to a
rigid condition without crystallization.”
COMMON GLASS TYPES
IN CONSTRUCTION
 CROWN GLASS
An old form of window glass formed by blowing
and whirling a hollow sphere of glass into a
flat, circular disk with a center lump left by the
worker’s rod
 WIRE GLASS
Flat or patterned glass having a square or diamond
wire mesh embedded within it to prevent shattering
in the event of breakage or excessive heat. Wire
glass is considered a safety glazing material.
 GLASS BLOCK
- A translucent, hollow block of glass with clear,
textured, or patterned faces
- Made by fusing two halves together with a partial
vacuum inside and used for glazing openings
 FLOAT GLASS
- Universal glazing product
- “Soda-lime glass”
- Annealed glass
- Made of sodium silicate and calcium silicate
- clear and flat which causes glare
- available from 2mm to 20mm thickness ranges
- weight ranges from 6 to 36 kg/m2
- used at shop fronts, display windows, and in other
public areas
 TEMPERED GLASS
- Annealed glass that is reheated to just below the
softening point and then rapidly cooled to induce
compressive stresses in the surfaces and edges of
the glass and tensile stresses in the interior.
- Has three to five times the resistance of annealed
glass to impact and thermal stresses
- breaks into relatively harmless particles when
fractured
 LAMINATED
GLASS
- two or more piles of glass bounded under heat and
pressure to interlayers of polyvinyl butyral resin that
retain the fragments if the glass is broken
- "Safety glass”
- has more weight than normal glass
- thicker and is UV proof and soundproof
- used for aquariums, bridges etc.
LOW IRON GLASS
- “Extra clear” glass
- Has a reduced amount of iron within its content
which removes the green tint inherent in standard
glass.
- almost completely transparent appearance means
- has limited sun reflection properties
- useful in solar energy applications where it is
necessary that the glass cover lets light through to
reach the thermal tubes or photovoltaic cells
 INSULATED
GLASS
- separated by an aluminum or other types of spacer
and is filled with air or in some cases noble gases like
argon to influence the element’s Ug value
- reflects heat from the building back into the
interior
- Prevents loss of heat
- contributes to lowering cooling and heating costs,
UV transmission, while maintaining wind load
strength.
 REFLECTIVE
GLASS
Glass that has a tin, translucent metallic coating
bonded to the exterior or interior surface to reflect a
portion of the light and radiant heat that strike it
 CERAMIC FRIT/
DECORATIVE
GLASS
- pigmented glass enamel
- available in many colors, patterns, and
translucencies and is used for both exterior and
interior applications
SPANDREL GLASS
An opaque glass for concealing the structural
elements in curtain wall construction, produced by
fusing ceramic frit to the interior surface of
tempered or heat-strengthened glass.
LOW-E WINDOW
 LOW E-WINDOW
-        Low-E stands for Low-Emissivity
-        Created to minimize amount of infrared and ultraviolet
light without minimizing the amount of light that enters
-        Has a transparent microscopically thin coating that
reflects heat (thinner than human hair)
-        Keeps temperature consistent by reflecting interior
temperatures back
FACTORS TO MEASURE EFFECTIVENESS
1. SOLAR HEAT GAIN COEFFICIENT (SHGC)
§  FRACTION OF INCIDENT SOLAR
RADIATION THAT IS ADMITTED THROUGH
THE WINDOW
§  EITHER DIRECTLY TRANSMITTED,
ABSORBED OR RADIATED INWARD

2. U-VALUE
§  RATING GIVEN TO WINDOW BASED ON
HEAT LOSS
FACTORS TO MEASURE EFFECTIVENESS

3. VISIBLE LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE (VLT)

§  MEASURE OF HOW MUCH VISIBLE LIGHT
PASSES THROUGH THE GLASS

4. LIGHT TO SOLAR GAIN

§   R A T I O B E T W E E N W I N D O W ’S V I S I B L E
LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE AND ITS SOLAR
GAIN COEFFICIENT RATING
TYPES OF LOW-E WINDOWS
A. PASSIVE LOW-E COATINGS (HARD-COAT)
§  MANUFACTURED USING PYROLYTIC PROCESS, CREATES
PYROLYTIC COATING
§  APPLIED TO THE GLASS RIBBON WHITE IT IS PRODUCED ON
THE FLOAT LINE WHICH CAUSES THE COATING TO “FUSE” TO
THE HOT GLASS SURFACE THAT MAKES IT MORE DURABLE
§  COLD CLIMATE
B. SOLAR CONTROL LOW-E COATINGS (SOFT-COAT)
§  MANUFACTURED USING THE MAGNETRON SPUTTERING VAPOR
DEPOSITION (MSVD) PROCESS
§  APPLIED OFF-LINE TO PRE-CUT GLASS IN A VACUUM CHAMBER AT
ROOM TEMPERATURE
§  NEEDS TO BE SEALED IN AN INSULATED GLASS (IG) OR LAMINATED
UNIT
§  LOWER EMISSIVITY AND SUPERIOR SOLAR CONTROL PERFORMANCE
§  OFFERS HIGHEST PERFORMING SOLAR CONTROL
§  HOT TO COLD CLIMATE
 ARCHITECTURAL
DECORATIVE GLASS
ARCHITECTURAL DECORATIVE GLASS
-        PRODUCTS THAT HAVE BEEN TREATED IN SPECIAL WAYS TO
ENHANCE THE AESTHETIC APPEAL OF A BUILDING
-        USED IN CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING APPLICATIONS (WALLS,
WINDOWS, PARTITIONS AND OTHER ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES)
-        SOPHISTICATED AND UNIQUE DECORATIVE GLASS DESIGNS
MAKES USE OF WIDE RANGE TECHNIQUES TO FULFILL ALL REQUIRED
SPECIFICATIONS IN CONSTRUCTION
-        CAN MAKE SPACE GRACEFUL BEAUTIFUL AND ELEGANT
-        HEAT-RESISTANT, DURABLE AND SAFE
-        USUALLY APPLIED TO MAKE INTERIOR/EXTERIOR PARTS OF
STRUCTURES TO LOOK INVITING
-        INNOVATIVE AND HIGH QUALITY DECORATIVE GLASSES
BENEFITS IMPACT RESISTANCE, UV RESISTANCE, CHEMICAL
RESISTANCE, FIRE RESISTANCE, ANTI-MICROBIAL PROPERTIES AND
ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLINESS
COMMERCIAL SIZES OF
GLASS
 GLASS
THICKNESS
 R-VALUE
THE CAPACITY OF AN INSULATING
MATERIAL TO RESIST HEAT FLOW. THE
HIGHER THE R-VALUE, THE GREATER THE
INSULATING POWER.
GLASS FINISHES
FROSTED GLASS
- PRODUCED BY THE SANDBLASTING OR
ACID ETCHING OF CLEAR SHEET GLASS 
- CREATES A PITTED SURFACE ON ONE
SIDE OF THE GLASS PANE HAS THE
EFFECT OF RENDERING GLASS
TRANSLUCENT
APPLICATION
- ACHIEVES VISUAL PRIVACY WHILE STILL
ALLOWING LIGHT TO PASS THROUGH
- ALTERNATIVE FOR FROSTED GLASS
EFFECT CAN BE ACHIEVED BY APPLYING
VINYL FILM, PHOTO RESISTANT FILM, OR
CANNED FROSTED GLASS SPRAYS
- USED IN DOORS (FOR BATHROOMS),
MEETING ROOMS, ETC.
 TINTED GLASS
- RETAINS THE TRANSPARENCY INSIDE,
WHILE THE VIEW FROM THE OUTSIDE IS
REDUCED AND HAS CHANGED IN COLOR
- DECREASES GLARE BY THE REDUCTION
THE BRIGHTNESS OF THE SURFACE AND
DIMINISHES THE AMOUNT OF DAYLIGHT APPLICATION
ENTERING THE SPACE. - USED IN CARS (TEMPERED GLASS WITH
- MOST COMMON TINTED GLASS ARE TINT), WINDOWS, GLASS DOORS, ETC.
AVAILABLE IN NEUTRAL GRAY, BRONZE,
AND BLUE-GREEN THAT BLEND WELL WITH
OTHER ARCHITECTURAL COLORS AND
ALMOST DOES NOT ALTER THE IMAGE
SEEN THROUGH THE MATERIAL.
COLORED/ STAINED
GLASS
- EGYPTIANS AND MESOPOTAMIANS WERE
THE PIONEERS AND EXPERTS IN
PRODUCING THE FIRST COLORED GLASS.
-ADDITION OF METAL/S IN MELTED GLASS APPLICATION
GAVE IT COLOR.
DECORATIVE WINDOWS (COMMON IN
CHURCHES), DOORS, ETC.
GLASS APPLICATIONS IN A
BUILDING
SHOWER ENCLOSURE
FRAMED
USES METAL FRAMEWORK TO HOLD THE
GLASS PANELS IN PLACE.

FRAMELESS
USES SMALLER CONNECTION BRACKETS
AND SILICONE GLAZING TO CREATE AN
ENCLOSURE THAT ALMOST DISAPPEARS.
WINDOWS
OPENINGS FITTED WITH GLASS TO
ADMIT LIGHT
 DOORS
- SLIDING DOORS
- PATIO DOORS
- TWO GLASS DOORS
- TOUGHENED DOORS
CURTAIN WALL
- NON-STRUCTURAL CLADDING SYSTEMS
FOR THE EXTERNAL WALLS OF BUILDINGS.

- ASSOCIATED WITH LARGE, MULTI-

STOREY BUILDINGS.
 GLAZING
THE PANES OR SHEETS OF GLASS OR
OTHER TRANSPARENT MATERIAL MADE TO
BE SET IN FRAMES, AS IN WINDOWS,
DOORS, OR MIRRORS.
GLAZING METHODS
AND SYSTEMS
 DOUBLE FACE
GLAZING GLAZING
SETTING OF A GLASS PANE
INSTALLATION OF TWO
IN A RABBETED FRAME,
PARALLEL PANES OF GLASS
HOLDING IT IN PLACE WITH
WITH A SEALED AIR SPACE
G L A Z I E R ’S P O I N T S , A N D
BETWEEN TO REDUCE THE
SEALING IT WITH A BEVELED
TRANSMISSION HEAT AND
BEAD OF PUTTY OR GLAZING
SOUND
COMPOUND
 WET DRY
GLAZING GLAZING
THE SETTING OF GLASS IN A
THE SETTING OF GLASS IN A
WINDOW FRAME WITH A
WINDOW FRAME WITH
COMPRESSION GASKET
GLAZING TAPE OR LIQUID
INSTEAD OF GLAZING TAPE
SEALANT.
OR LIQUID SEALANT.

GLAZING TAPE COMPRESSION GASKET

A preformed ribbon of synthetic rubber having A preformed strip of synthetic rubber or plastic
adhesive properties and used in glazing to form a compressed between a glass pane and a window
watertight seal between glass and frame frame to form a watertight seal and cushion for the
glass.
 GLASS
BUTT-JOINT
MULLION
GLAZING
A GLAZING SYSTEM IN WHICH SYSTEM
THE GLASS PANES OR UNITS A GLAZING SYSTEM WHEREIN
ARE SUPPORTED AT THE HEAD SHEETS OF TEMPERED GLASS
AND IS STILL IN A ARE SUSPENDED FROM SPECIAL
CONVENTIONAL MANNER, WITH CLAMPS, STABILIZED BY
THEIR VERTICAL EDGES BEING PERPENDICULAR STIFFENERS
JOINED WITH  STRUCTURAL OF TEMPERED GLASS, AND
SILICONE SEALANT WITHOUT JOINED BY STRUCTURAL
MULLIONS. SILICONE SEALANT  AND
SOMETIMES BY METAL PATCH
PLATES.
BUTT-JOINT GLASS MULLION
GLAZING SYSTEM
SOURCES
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/glazing
https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/visual-dictionary/deck/9235723
https://www.wbdg.org/guides-specifications/building-envelope-design-guide/fenestration-
systems/glazing
https://theconstructor.org/building/types-of-glass-properties-uses-construction/14755/
https://www.glasscon.com/blog/8-common-glass-types-properties-applications-potential
https://www.agc.com/en/products/flat_glass/index.html
www.iklimnet.com/save/glass_tinted.html
pintrest.co.uk
www.coloradoenergy.org/procorner/stuff/r-values.htm
gjames.com/professional/glass-resources/capabilities
SOURCES
What is Low-E Glass & Does it Make Windows Energy Efficient? (2017, February 14). Retrieved March
17,
2018, from https://www.stanekwindows.com/what-is-low-e-glass-and-does-it-make-windows-more-
energy-efficient.aspx
 
Decorative Glass. (n.d.). Retrieved March 17, 2019, from https://archello.com/products/decorative-
               glass/guide#category-description
 
Types of Glass Available in the Market and Their Architectural Features. (2018). Retrieved March 17,
               2019, from https://gharpedia.com/types-glass-architectural-features/