42

CHAPTER- III
DISTRIBUTION AND GROWTH OF TRIBAL POPULATION

3.1 INTODUCTION
The tribals are the economically backward ethnic group in India.
They are food gathers, hunters, forestland cultivators, and minor forest
product collectors. They lived in isolation with near to nature hence, called
son of soil. Tribes constituted separate socio-cultural groups having
distinct customs, tradition, marriage, kinship, property inheritance
system and living largely in agricultural and pre-agricultural level of
technology (Nagada, 2004). India is a home of number of tribes there are
over 314 communities. Tribal society as define as a collection of families
bearing a common name, speaking a common dialect, occupying a common
territory. Simple the word tribe means a group of families, living in a
contiguous region, speaking a common language and having a historical
past. The constitution of India provides a definition. According, articles
342 of constitution of India, the scheduled tribes are the tribes or
communities, which have been declared as such by the Hon’ble president
of India.
India is having second largest concentration of tribal population in
the world. There are over 314 tribal communities in India, known by
different names such as the Adivasis- the original inhabitants, Vanya Jati
(live in forest), Adim Jati- primitive people, etc. Tribals are most backward
community in India. The Indian tribes display a very high degree of ethnic
diversity both in their racial composition and dialectal and linguistic
affinity. There are 285 different tribal communities, which show an
important index of their ethnic diversity. No less impressive is the pattern
of their spatial distribution, it has been commonly observed that the tribes
reveal strong tendencies of clustering and concentration in the hilly,
forested and the geographically inaccessible tracts of the country (Ahmad,
1999). This is the main cause for their backwardness. Tribal population is
 43

concentrated in geographically inaccessible areas so one can say

development of tribals mostly depends on the distribution of population in
relation to resource available in the region. Population and the natural
resources are the most important aspects of regional development. In this
context growth and distribution of tribal population is an important aspect
(Ramotra and Mote, 2009)
In this chapter, an attempt is made to analyse the spatial
distribution and growth of tribal population in Dhule and Nandurbar
districts of Maharashtra during 1981-2001. The spatial patterns of
distribution and growth of the tribal population would be necessary for
understanding the cause of illiteracy, poverty and discrimination. The
scheduled tribe in India mostly concentrated in hilly, forested area. The
distribution of tribal population is closely related to the physical and
economic resources of the region. In the area under study the tribals are
settled very unevenly and concentrated in the areas having hilly, forest,
where they find a favourable environment for their livelihood.
AN OVERVIEW
India is considered to be an anthropological laboratory because of
its regional religious, ethnic, racial and linguistic diversities (Patil, V. B
1998). In Spatial and cultural consideration Indian scheduled tribe
population is at widely different stage of social, cultural, political as well
as economic development. The scheduled tribes account for a sizeable
proportion of the population of India. They constitute an important
segment of the Indian social fabric. These communities belong to different
ethno-lingual groups and profess diverse faiths. Living at disparate levels
of socio-economic development, they are spread along the entire spectrum
of social evolution in India ranging from the industrial workers (Raza and
Ahmad, 1990).
As per the 1991 census the scheduled tribe population in India was
6.78 crores, which constituted about 8.01 per cent of the total population.
According to 2001 census the scheduled tribes constituted about 8 per cent
 44

in India. The largest concentration of scheduled tribe is confined to central

India particularly in Madhya Pradesh and in its adjoining states like
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Zarkhand, Orissa and
Bihar.
In Maharashtra the scheduled tribe population was 73.18 lakhs
(1991), which constituted 9.27 per cent of the total population of the state.
It has now increased to 85.77 lakhs in 2001 but the proportion has reduced
to 8.85 per cent.
In Maharashtra concentration of tribal population is mostly
confined to north-eastern and north western parts. In the north-western
part of the state particularly Thane, Nashik, Dhule and Nandurbar
districts where more than 43.09 (2001) per cent concentration of tribal
population in the state is concentrated.
In Maharashtra Geographically the concentration of tribals is in
three traditional regions such as:
1) Sahyadri Region: The districts of Thane, Raigad, Nashik and
Pune are located in this region. Warlis, Koknas, Thkars, Mahadeo
Kolis, Malhar Kolis, Dhor Kolis, Katkaris, etc are the tribal groups
found in this region.
2) Satpuda Region: In this area i.e. Nandurbar, Dhule, Jalgaon,
Aurangabad and Amaravati districts are located and particularly
Bhils, Koknas, Gavits, Dublas, Dhankas, Korkus tribal group found
in this region.
3) Gondwana Region: This region includes districts of Chandrapur,
Gadchiroli, Bhandara, Yavatmal and Nagapur. Gonds, Madias,
Korkus, Kolams, Pardhans, Andhs etc. are tribal group found in
this region.

3.2 DISTRIBUTION OF TRIBAL POPULATION IN, 1981

The term distribution refers to the way the people are spaced over
the earth surface. The emphasis is, thus on the pattern of actual place
locations of a populations. The people may be so spread is to yield a linear
 45

or dispersed or agglomerated pattern of population distribution (Chandna,

1980).
The tribal population living in isolated and remote areas located in
the inhospitable mountainous tracts or forest surrounding, many of these
communities are the original inhabitants of different part of India.
Segregated from the mainstream of Indian tribal life they have zealously
nourished and safeguarded their unique customs and tradition. They still
predominantly subsist on Jhuming i.e. shifting cultivation, hunting, crude
forestry, primitive animal breeding and household industry constitute the
important sectors of tribal economy. Their segration from the mainstream
of the nation has kept them ignorant, unawakened, backward, poor and
insusceptible to new ways and idea (Chib, 1981).
Dhule accounts for the highest percentage of tribal population in
the state. Out of total district’s population of 2,050,294, tribal population
is 831064 (40.53%) comprising 416800 (39.96%) in male and 414264
(41.13%) in Female in 1981. Out of the total tribal population of the
district, 798543 (48.39%) live in rural area and remaining 32521 (8.13%)
live in Urban area .Thus the Dhule district continues to be the most tribal
district in the state. Bhils, Dhanka, Gamit, Kokna, Naikda and Pardhi
this tribal group mostly concentrated in the Satpuda ranges in north and
the areas flanked by the ranges of the Sahyadri in the south and south-
west.
At tahsil level the dissemination was very uneven in 1981. For
instance, in Akarni tahsil (95.23%), Akkalkuwa (87.21%) and Nawapur
(85.43%) was more than 85 per cent. In this high proportion of tribal
population category of three tahsils, there was 33.67 per cent tribal
population to its total tribal population in the study area. Physical factors
that affect population distribution include altitude and latitude, relief,
climate, soil, vegetation, water and location of mineral and energy
resources. Akarni, Akkalkuwa and Nawapur all these three tahsils
forming a separate pocket of high proportion in northern and western
 46

parts of the study area. These three tahsils located in Satpuda and
Sahyadri hilly ranges and dance forest area so in this three tahsils highly
concentration of tribal population in the study area. It is found that
concentration of non-tribal population in these three tahsils was very low
i.e. Akarni (4.77%), Akkalkuwa (12.79%) and Nawapur (14.57%) in the
study area was very low. The tribal people are very uneven in their
distribution and they tend to be concentrated in the areas having high
relief and high slope values where they find congenial environment for
their livelihood (Sinha and Misra, 1976).
There was only Talode tahsil with 66 per cent tribal population in
50-75 per cent tribal population in the study area, which is Talode was
about 66 per cent concentration of tribal population in the study area. It is
observed that the concentration of non-tribal population in Talode tahsil
(34.02).
In the next category the tribal distribution ranges from 25 to 50 per
cent about four tahsils viz. Shirpur (37.30%), Nandurbar (38.04 %), Sakari
(45.89%) and Shahade (47.19%). In all four tahsils the proportion of tribal
population to the total tribal population in the study area was about 47.68
per cent. Near about 50 per cent of tribal population is concentrated in
these four tahsils. These tahsils geographically located in the western part
from north to south of the study area. Table 3.1 reveals that these four
tahsils concentration of non-tribal population viz. Shirpur (62.70%),
Nandurbar (61.96 %), Sakri (54.11%) and Shahade (52.81%).
In Dhule and Sindhkhede tahsils proportion of tribal population
was less than 25 per cent, which means that no where it exceeds 25 per
cent. It varies from 11.41 per cent in Dhule tahsil to 18.75 per cent in
Sindhkhede tahsil in 1981. It shows that the distribution in these two
tahsils is relatively very scanty. It is found that the study area highest
concentration of non-tribal population Dhule (88.59%) and Sindhkhede
(81.25%) tahsils. These two tahsils located in the extremely southern part
of the study area.
 47

All those tahsils where the proportion is above 50 per cent all are
tribal tahsils but in Shirpur (37.30%), Nandurbar (38.04%), Sakri (45.89%)
and Shahade (47.19%), Dhule (11.41%) and Sindhkhede (18.75 %) are with
substantial tribal population but certainly above the state (9.19% in 1981)
and country (7.76%) average as a whole.
Tribal communities have either by their choice favoured
concentration in inhospitable environment, or conversely the peasant
societies have pushed them and confined them to these environment
societies have pushed them and confined them to these enclaves thus
having free access to the potentially rich lands suited pre-eminently to the
agricultural. This, by and large, mutual exclusivity of the tribal and the
peasant modes is an important attribute of spatial distribution of social
categories in India (Ahmad, 1999).
TABLE 3.1
DISTRIBUTION OF TRIBAL AND NON-TRIBAL POPULATION IN
DHULE AND NANDURBAR DISTRICTS 1981

% Non-
Sr. Total Tribal % of Tribal
Name of Tahsil Non- Tribal Tribal
No Population Population Population
Population Population
1 Dhule 483701 55198 428503 88.59 11.41
2 Sindhkhede 229976 43111 186865 81.25 18.75
3 Shirpur 212553 79281 133272 62.70 37.30
4 Nandurbar 209566 79723 129843 61.96 38.04
5 Sakri 276054 126689 149365 54.11 45.89
6 Shahade 234413 110609 123804 52.81 47.19
7 Talode 85832 56628 29204 34.02 65.98
8 Nawapur 154677 132137 22540 14.57 85.43
9 Akkalkuwa 100237 87419 12818 12.79 87.21
10 Akrani 63285 60269 3016 4.77 95.23
Total 2050294 831064 1219230 59.47 40.53
Maharashtra 62784171 5772038 57012133 90.81 9.19
India 665287849 51628638 613659211 92.24 7.76
Source: Census of India, 1981.
 48

3.3 DISTRIBUTION OF TRIBAL POPULATION, 1991

The pattern of distribution of the scheduled tribes in the district is
of grate significance for the formulation of strategies for their social and
economic development. The pattern is also a grate indicator revealing
explicitly the amount of infiltration or immigration of the non-tribals to
different blocks and the amount of cultural integration and assimilation
which Adivasis has to face (Banerjee, 1976) The Dhule and Nandurbar
districts were identified with highest concentration of tribal population of
40.53 per cent in 1981 and increased to 40.88 per cent in 1991. Tribal
population in district stands at 1,036,491 persons comprising 5, 20,230
males and 51, 62, 61 females.
Since the tribes display a high tendency of clustering and
concentration in the hilly and the forested tracts of the country, they are
highly unevenly distributed between the states of the Indian union. On
the basis of relief, the states and the union territories may be grouped in
two categories (a) those characterised by rugged topography, and (b) those
with an open relief, (plain and river valley). The tribes are heavily
concentration in the former and not in the latter (Ahmad, 1999)
It is observe that the Akrani (86.13 %), Nawapur (85.04 %) and
Akkalkuwa (81.22 %) tahsils the proportion was above 75 per cent that
vindicates a very high concentration of tribal population in the study
region. In all these three tahsils the proportion of tribal population to the
total tribal population in the study area was about 34.67 per cent. In
these three tahsils concentration of non-tribal population is very low i.e.
Akrani (13.87%), Nawapur (14.96%) and Akkalkuwa (18.78%).
In the second category of 50-75 per cent, only one tahsil i.e. Talode
was identified with 67.85 per cent of concentration of the tribal population
in the study area. In this category the tribal population to the tribal
population was about 6.41 per cent. It is observed that the concentration of
non-tribal population in Talode tahsil (32.15%).
 49

The third category was of 25 to 50 per cent where four tahsil were
in this category i.e. Shirpur (37.88%), Nandurbar (39.28%), Shahade
(47.78%) and Sakri (48.41%) In these four tahsils the proportion of tribal
population to the total tribal population was 48.07 per cent. Table 3.2
revels that the concentration of non-tribal population viz. Shirpur
(62.12%), Nandurbar (60.72%), Shahade (52.22%) and Sakri (51.59%).
In the next category the tribal distribution ranges from less than 25
per cent, which covers as many as two tahsil such as Dhule (10.75%) and
Sindhkhede (17.22%) in these tahsil the proportion was comparatively
less. In these two tahsils the proportion of tribal population to the total
tribal population in the study area was about 10.66 per cent. It is
identified that the highest concentration of non-tribal population in Dhule
(89.25%) and Sindhkhede (82.78%). These two tahsils located in the
southern part of the study area.
TABLE 3.2
DISTRIBUTION OF TRIBAL AND NON-TRIBAL POPULATION IN
DHULE AND NANDURBAR DISTRICTS, 1991

Tribal % of Non-
Sr. Name of Total Non- Tribal % of ST
Populatio Tribal
No Tahsil Population Population Population
n Population
1 Dhule 603475 64880 538595 89.25 10.75
2 Sindhkhede 262511 45216 217295 82.78 17.22
3 Shirpur 274658 104037 170621 62.12 37.88
4 Nandurbar 248363 97549 150814 60.72 39.28
5 Shahade 288909 138031 150878 52.22 47.78
6 Sakri 332526 160972 171554 51.59 48.41
7 Talode 97931 66448 31483 32.15 67.85
8 Akkalkuwa 133880 108735 25145 18.78 81.22
9 Nawapur 196550 167150 29400 14.96 85.04
10 Akrani 96912 83473 13439 13.87 86.13
Total 2535715 1036491 1499224 59.12 40.88
Maharashtra 78937157 7318281 71618876 90.73 9.27
India 846302688 67758380 778544308 91.99 8.01
Source: Census of India, 1991.
 50

3.4 DISTRIBUTION OF TRIBAL POPULATION, 2001

The dissemination of tribal population at tahsil level is very
different from state and district levels. At tahsil level, it provides the
comprehension at length and depth along with their socio-cultural and
economic problems in which they live, which is useful for the planning
propose to improve upon their overall situation.
Dhule and Nandurbar districts were identified with highest
concentration of tribal population of 40.53 per cent in 1981 and increased
to 40.88 per cent and 43.16 per cent in 1991 and 2001 respectively.
The patterns of population distribution are determined by physical
factors alone, for within broad framework of physical attractions and
constraints cultural factors strongly influence the detailed pattern of
pattern of distribution (Horneby and Jones, 1980). The distribution of
tribal population in 2001 as presented in Table 3.3, it is found that the
tahsils viz. Dhule (11.27 %) and Sindhkhede (17.49 %) identified were with
lowest proportion of tribal population in the area under study. In these
two tahsils the proportion of tribal population to the total tribal population
was about 10.09 per cent. It is identified that the highest concentration of
non-tribal population in Dhule (88.73%) and Sindhkhede (82.51%) in 2001.
It is found that four tahsils, for instance, Shahade (48.62 %), and
Nandurbar (40.82 %) in Nandurbar district, Sakri (48.26 %), and Shirpur
(40.55 %) in Dhule district with 25 to 50 per cent tribal population and in
all they have 45.67 per cent tribes to total tribal population in the study
area. It shows that about 45 per cent of the tribal are concentration in
these tahsils, which is very high in terms of their share in the total
population. It is observed that the concentration of non-tribal population
in these tahsils viz. Shahade (51.38%), and Nandurbar (59.18%) in
Nandurbar district, Sakri (51.74%), and Shirpur (59.45 %) in Dhule
district.
In the category of 50-75 per cent, only one tahsil of Talode in
Nandurbar district identified with 72.29 per cent tribal population. But
 51

this 72.29 per cent tribal population to total tribal population constitutes
7.13 per cent in area under study. It is found that concentration of non-
tribal population in Talode tahsil is 27.71 per cent.
It is observed that three tahsils out of ten with very high proportion
of tribal population ranging from 75 to 100 per cent. These tahsils are
Akrani (94.96%), Nawapur (84.88%), Akkalkuwa (84.76%) in Nandurbar
district their proportion of tribal population was very high. In this high
proportion category of three tahsils, there was 37.11 per cent tribal
population to its total tribal population in the study area.
It is astonishing to note from the tribal distribution map (Fig. 3.3)
for the year 2001 that the three tahsils Akkalkuwa, Nawapur and Akrani
which are geographically located in northern and north-western part of
the study area and they forming a separate pocket of high proportion of
tribal population in the study area. These three tahsils located in hilly,
forest area and tribes display a high tendency of clustering and
concentration in the hilly and the forested tracts. Table 3.3 revels that the
concentration of non-tribal population in these three tahsils is very low
Akkalkuwa (15.24%), Nawapur (15.12%) and Akrani (5.04%) in 2001.
As rightly stated by Muzumdar (1973), long streach of hilly zone
which also claims the forested tract is the place of the majority of tribals.
The correlation of tribal population to forested area of the study area is
significantly positive (0.44). The correlation analysis proves that tribals
are mostly distributed in forested area where facilities are comparatively
less available than other area.
 52

TABLE 3.3
DISTRIBUTION OF TRIBAL AND NON-TRIBAL POPULATION IN
DHULE AND NANDURBAR DISTRICTS, 2001

Sr. Non-Tribal % Non- % of

No Name of Total Tribal Population Tribal Tribal
Tahsil Population Population Population Population
1 Dhule
719785 81151 638634 88.73 11.27
2 Sindhkhede
287517 50289 237228 82.51 17.49
3 Shirpur
337553 136886 200667 59.45 40.55
4 Nandurbar
294084 120048 174036 59.18 40.82
5 Sakri
363092 175238 187854 51.74 48.26
6 Shahade
335346 163041 172305 51.38 48.62
7 Talode
128531 92918 35613 27.71 72.29
8 Akkalkuwa
177737 150654 27083 15.24 84.76
9 Nawapur
239507 203292 36215 15.12 84.88
10 Akrani
136504 129621 6883 5.04 94.96
Total
3019656 1303138 1716518 56.84 43.16
Maharashtra
96878627 8577276 88301351 91.15 8.85
India
1028610328 84326240 944284088 91.80 8.20
Source: Census of India, 2001

3.5 GROWTH RATE OF TRIBAL POPULATION

The concept regarding growth of population is often used to denote
the change in the number of people of a territory during a specific period of
time, irrespective of the fact whether the change is positive or negative.
The changed growth can be measured both in terms of absolute numbers
and in terms of percentage. The growth of population is a factor associated
a with man’s occupation, cultural backward, historical events and political
ideology (Singh and Chaturvedi, 1983). Population growth is the function
of three determinants fertility, mortality and mobility. The difference
between human population fertility and mortality is called natural
increase of population. The process of growth of any section of the
population varies with time and space. When the population increases
between two given points of time in a region or territory, it is known as
growth (Ramotra, 2008). Growth of population is the change in the
 53

number of people living in a particular area between two given points of

time. The net change between two points of time is expressed in
percentage and is described as the growth rate of population. The growth
of population is positive if there is increase in population is positive if
there is increase is decrease in population between two given points of
time. The population growth is the most fundamental demographic
process with which all other demography attributes are directly or
indirectly associated. In the context, study of growth of tribal population is
an importance for understanding to its dynamic as well as planning at the
local and regional level.

GROWTH OF TRIBAL POPULATION

The tribal population has increased in India from 51.63 million in

1981 to 67.76 million in 1991 and 85.77 million in 2001. Their proportion
in the country’s population has slightly increased from, 7.76 per cent in
1981 to 8.01 per cent in 1991 and 8.20 per cent in 2001. The growth of
tribal population in India was 31.24 per cent in 1981-91, which declined to
24.45 per cent in 1991-2001. The proportion of non-tribal population has
decreased from 92.24 per cent in 1981 to 91.99 per cent in 1991 and 91.80
per cent in 2001. The growth of non-tribal population in India was 26.87
per cent in 1981-91, which declined to 21.29 per cent in 1991-2001.
The growth rate of tribal population in Maharashtra in 1981-91 was
26.79 per cent, which declined to 17.20 per cent in 1991-01. It is clear that
the growth of the tribal population slashed down as some communities
have been shifted to other backward caste i.e. SBC (Special Backward
Caste) and some are debarred, due to lack of possession of documents
during the this decade. The growth rate of non-tribal population in
Maharashtra in 1981-91 was 25.62 per cent, which declined to 23.29 per
cent in 1991-01.
 54

GROWTH RATE OF TRIBAL POPULATION IN DHULE AND

NANDURBAR DISTRICTS, 1981-1991 and 1991-2001
The population growth of a region depends on two vital forces which
constantly work. One of these force is natural increase i.e. births minus
death and the other is migration which includes the in-migration and out-
migration (Chandra, 1965). Despite their broad implication such analysis
yields not only an understanding of the contemporary demographic
situation in the study area but also provides clues about trends with this
regard in the years to come (Gosal, 1982).
It is observed that Table 3.1 & 3.2 reveals that the total tribal
population in area under study was 831064 in 1981, which increased to
1036491 in 1991 and 1303138 in 2001.
In the study area the growth rate of scheduled tribe population in
1981-91 decade was 24.72 per cent, which increased to 25.73 per cent in
1991-2001 decade. The highest growth rate identified in 1981-91 was
38.50 per cent in Akrani tahsil that increased to 55.28 per cent in 1991-
2001 decade. Sindhkhede tahsil has registered lowest growth rate (4.88%)
in 1981-91 but in 1991-2001 it was 11.22 per cent. Sakri tahsil was
identified with lowest growth rate (8.86 per cent) in 1991-2001 but in
1981-91 it was 27.06 per cent.
In 1981-91 two tahsils Talode (17.34 %) and Dhule (17.54 %) which
were having the growth rate below 20 per cent but surprisingly in 1991-01
it increased to 39.84 per cent in former and 25.08 per cent in the latter.
It is found that in Nandurbar tahsil growth rate was 22.36 per cent
in 1981-1991 and increased to 23.03 per cent in 1991-2001. Akkalkuwa
tahsil was with 24.38 per cent growth rate in 1981-1991 but in it enhanced
to 38.55 per cent. It is important to note that Shahade tahsil was with
24.79 per cent in 1981-1991 which decreased to 18.12 per cent in 1991-
2001. In Nawapur tahsil it was 26.50 per cent in1981-91, which also
declined to 21.62 per cent in 1991-01.
 55

In the tahsils of Dhule and Nandurbar districts the changing

growth rate in 1981-91 and 1991-01 has been noticed. It has increased in
Sindhkhede, Dhule, Talode Nandurbar, Akkalkuwa, Akrani, Shirpur
tahsils. But decrease in growth rate was observed in tahsils of Sakri,
Shahade, and Nawapur. (Table 3.4)
The tahsils viz; Sindhkhede, Dhule, Talode, Nandurbar,
Akkalkuwa, Akrani and Shirpur are such where the growth in tribal
population has augmented but in Sakri, Shahade and Nawapur their
growth has slashed. The decline in tribal growth rate in some tahsils is
due to their migration to other areas particularly in those areas where the
living conditions are comparatively better and also due to under
enumeration of these communities. The living standard is very low and
many of them are suffering from malnutrition.
TABLE 3.4
GROWTH RATE OF TRIBAL AND NON- TRIBAL POPULATION IN
DHULE AND NANDURBAR DISTRICTS 1981- 1991

Non-
Tribal Tribal Non-Tribal Non- Tribal Tribal
Sr. Name of Tribal
Population Population Population Population Growth
No Tahsils Growth
1981 1991 1981 1991 Rate
Rate
1 Sindhkhede 43111 45216 186865 217295 16.28 4.88
2 Talode 56628 64880 29204 31483 7.80 17.34
3 Dhule 55198 64880 428503 538595 25.69 17.54
4 Nandurbar 79723 97549 129843 150814 16.15 22.36
5 Akkalkuwa 87419 108735 12818 29400 129.36 24.38
6 Shahade 110609 138031 123804 150878 21.87 24.79
7 Nawapur 132137 167150 22540 25145 11.56 26.50
8 Sakri 126689 160972 149365 171554 14.86 27.06
9 Shirpur 79281 104037 133272 170621 28.02 31.23
10 Akrani 60269 83473 3016 13439 345.59 38.50
Total 831064 1036491 1219230 1499224 22.96 24.72
Maharashtra 5772038 7318281 57012133 71618876 25.62 26.79
India 51628638 67758380 613659211 778544308 26.87 31.24
Source: Census of India, 1981-1991.
 56

TABLE 3.5
GROWTH RATE OF TRIBAL AND NON-TRIBAL POPULATION IN
DHULE AND NANDURBAR DISTRICTS 1991- 2001

Non-
Tribal Tribal Non-Tribal Non- Tribal Tribal
Sr. Name of Tribal
Population Population Population Population Growt
No Tahsils Growt
1991 2001 1991 2001 h Rate
h Rate
1 Sakari 160972 175238 171554 187854 9.50 8.86
2 Sindhkheda 45216 50289 217295 237228 9.17 11.22
3 Shahade 138031 163041 150878 172305 14.20 18.12
4 Nawapur 167150 203292 25145 27083 7.71 21.62
5 Nandurbar 97549 120048 150814 174036 15.40 23.06
6 Dhule 64880 81151 538595 638634 18.57 25.08
7 Shirpur 104037 136886 170621 200667 17.61 31.57
8 Akkalkuwa 108735 150654 29400 36215 23.18 38.55
9 Talode 66448 92918 31483 35613 13.12 39.84
10 Akarni 83473 129621 13439 6883 -48.78 55.58
Total 1036491 1303138 1499224 1716518 14.49 25.73
Maharashtra 7318281 8577276 71618876 88301351 23.29 17.20
India 67758380 84326240 778544308 944284088 21.29 24.45

Source: Census of India, 1991-2001.

GROWTH RATE OF NON-TRIBAL POPULATION

It is found that the growth rate of non-tribal population in the study
area in 1981-91 decade was 22.96 per cent, which decreased to 14.49 per
cent in 1991-2001 decade.
The highest growth rate identified in 1981-91 was 345.59 per cent
in Akrani tahsil that decreased to -48.78 per cent in 1991-2001 decade.
Talode tahsil has registered lowest growth rate (7.80%) in 1981-91 but in
1991-2001 it was 13.22 per cent. Akrani tahsil was identified with
negative growth rate (-48.79 per cent) in 1991-2001 but astonishingly in
1981-91 it was 345.59 per cent. This high growth in 1981-91 was due to
their migration to the adjoining tahsil and their return to their home
tahsil has caused their sort growth pattern.
In 1981-91 five tahsils Talode (7.80 %), Nawapur (11.56%), Sakri
(14.86%), Nandurbar (16.15%) and Sindhkhede (16.28%) which were
 57

having the growth rate below 20 per cent but surprisingly in 1991-01 it
increased. (Table 3.4)
It is found that in growth rate of Shahade 21.87 per cent, Dhule
tahsil 25.69 per cent, Shirpur 28.02 per cent, Akkalkuwa 129.36 per cent
and Akrani 345.59 per cent in 1981-1991 but it decreased to 14.20 per
cent, 18.57 per cent, 17.81 per cent, 23.18 per cent and -49.79 per cent
respectively in 1991-2001.
In the tahsils of Dhule and Nandurbar districts the changing
growth rate of non-tribal population in 1981-91 and 1991-01 has been
noticed. It has been noticed that only one tahsil i.e. Talode increased
growth rate. But decrease in growth rate was observed in tahsils of
Nawapur, Sakri, Nandurbar, Sindhkhede, Shahade, Dhule, Shirpur,
Akkalkuwa and Akrani tahsil (Table 3.4 & 3.5).

3.7 CONCLUSION
It is inferred that Dhule and Nandurbar districts has been
identified with highest proportion of tribal population in the state
Maharashtra. It is further found that four tahsils- Talode, Nawapur,
Akkalkuwa and Akrani in Nandurbar district only are entirely tribal as
the proportion of tribal population in all these is between 72 and 95 per
cent and twice the average (43.16%) of study area. Talode is the only tahsil
in which their proportion was augmented from 1981 to 2001 but in
Nawapur, Akkalkuwa and Akrani their share has declined marginally but
the distribution pattern in 1981, 1991 and 2001 has not changed.
The growth of tribal population was very high (above 30%) in
Akrani and Shirpur in 1981-91. The tahsils like Akkalkuwa, Talode and
Akarni were also identified with high growth rate of tribal population
which was above 30 per cent in 1991-2001. It vindicated that very high
growth rate has taken place in those areas, which are with high proportion
of tribal population.
It is found that the tribal population is mainly concentrated in such
areas, which are highly under forest that can provide sustainability to
 58

them. It is evidenced from the study, the tribal population is inhabited in

hilly and rough and tough areas.
It is suggested that socio-economic development planning should
take place in those areas where the problem is serious and large number
of tribals can be benefited.

REFERENCES
1. Ahmad, A. (1999): Social Geography, Rawat Publications, New
Delhi, pp. 122.

2. Banerjee, Maya (1976): Tribal Population of Singhbum,

Geographical Review of India, Vol. 38, No.2, June, pp.179-186.

3. Census of India, District Census Handbook Dhule and Nandurbar

Districts 1981,1991 and 2001

4. Chandana, R. C and Sidhu, M. S (1980): Introduction to Population

Geography, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, pp. 203.

5. Chib, S. S. (1981): Tribal Population of India: A Geographical

Interpretation, The National Geographical Journal of India, Vol. 27,
Parts 3 & 4, Sept- Dec, pp 128-136.

6. Clarke, John (1972): “Population Geography”, Pergamon Press,

Oxford.

7. Gosal, G. S. (1982): Recent Population Growth in India, Population

Geographer, Vol. 4 pp33-53.

8. Hornby, W. F and Jones, W. (1980): An Introduction to Population

Geography, Cambridge University, Press, Cambridge, p.20.

9. Muzumdar, K. (1973) Distribution of Tribal Population in Eastern

Gujarat, The National Geographical Journal of India, Vol. XIV
(Parts 3& 4) pp 177.

10. Nagada, B. L (2001): Tribal Population and Health in Rajasthan,

Studies of Tribes and Tribals”, Kamal Raj Enterprises, New Delhi,
Vol 2, No. 1 pp. 1-8.

11. Patil, V. B (1998): An Introduction to Tribal Culture and Tribals in

Maharashtra, (ed), Tribal Research Bulletin. (Developmental
 59

Scheme Special Issue), Tribal Research and Training Institute,

Pune, Vol. XX No.1 Mar. 1998. pp. 1-6.

12. Ramesh, C. R (1965): Population Trends in the Malad, The Deccan

Geographers, Vol. III, NO.1, p.67.

13. Ramotra, K. C and Mote, Y. S. (2009) Growth and Distribution of

Tribal Population in Dhule and Nandurbar Districts of
Maharashtra: A Geographical Analysis. Tribal Research Bulletin,
Tribal Research and Training Institute, Pune Vol. XXXIII No. 1, pp
15- 24.

14. Ramotra, K. C. (2008): Development Processes and the Scheduled

Castes, Rawat Publications, Jaipur.

15. Raza, Moonis and Aijazuddin Ahmad (1990). “An Atlas of Tribal
India” Concept Publishing Company A/15-16 Commercial Block,
Mohan Garden, New Delhi – 110059.

16. Sanyal, S. (1980): Some Demographic Aspects of the Scheduled

Tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Man in India, Vol. LX. No.
34, pp.204-220.

17. Singh, R. N and Chaturvedi, R. B (1983): Dynamics of Population in

Bundelkhand Region: A case Study, Journal of Association of
Population Geographer.

18. Sinha, B. N and Misra B. K. (1976): Tribes of Orissa-A Geographical

Analysis, Geographical Review of India, Vol. XXXVIII. No 2 pp.167-
178.
 Distribution of Tribal Population in
Dhule and Nandurbar Districts - 1981

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Fig. 3.1
 Distribution of Tribal Population in
Dhule and Nandurbar Districts - 1991

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INDEX
% 1234567890
1234567890
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> 75 1234567890
1234567890 Very High
1234567890
1234567890
1234567890
4 04 2 40 84 12 1234567890
8 km
12 km 1234567890
1234567890 High
50-75 1234567890
1234567890
1234567890
1234567890
1234567890
1234567890
1234567890 Medium
25 - 50 1234567890
1234567890
12345
1234567890
12345
12345 Low
< 25
12345
12345
Fig. 3.2
 Distribution of Scheduled Population in
Dhule and Nandurbar Districts - 2001

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INDEX
% 1234567890
1234567890
1234567890
1234567890
> 75 1234567890
1234567890 Very High
1234567890
1234567890
1234567890
4 40 2 04 1234567890
48 12
8 km
12 km 1234567890
1234567890 High
50-75 1234567890
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1234567890
1234567890 Medium
25 - 50 1234567890
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12345
1234567890
12345
12345 Low
< 25
12345
12345
Fig. 3.3
 Growth Rate of Tribal Population in
Dhule and Nandurbar Districts, 1981-1991

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INDEX
% 123456789
123456789
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> 30 123456789
123456789 Very High
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4 40 2 04 1234567890
48 12
8 km
12 km 1234567890
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20 - 30 1234567890
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10 - 20 123456789
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12345 Low
< 10 12345
12345

Fig. 3.4
 Growth Rate of Tribal Population in
Dhule and Nandurbar Districts, 1991-2001

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INDEX
% 123456789
123456789
123456789
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> 30 123456789
123456789 Very High
123456789
1234567890
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4 40 2 04 1234567890
48 12
8 km
12 km 1234567890
1234567890 High
20 - 30 1234567890
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123456789 Medium
10 - 20 123456789
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12345 Low
< 10 12345
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Fig. 3.5