12

GEN. PHYSICS
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Moment of Inertia, Angular
Mass and Torque
Quarter 2- Week 1

1|Page
English – Grade 11
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Moment of Inertia, Angular Mass and Torque
Quarter 2- Week 1

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Development Team of the Activity Sheet

Writers: Rodison Fernandez
Editors: Name
Reviewers: Name
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team: Name
Name
Name
Name
Name
Name

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education

Region III
Schools Division of Zambales
Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391
E-mail Address: zambales@deped.gov.ph
Website: www.depedzam
 Moment of Inertia, Angular
Mass and Torque
Introduction

The moment of inertia, otherwise known as the mass moment of

inertia, angular mass or rotational inertia, of a rigid body is a quantity
that determines the torque needed for a desired angular acceleration about
a rotational axis similar to how mass determines the force needed for a
desired acceleration. It depends on the body's mass distribution and the
axis chosen, with larger moments requiring more torque to change the
body's rate of rotation.
It is an extensive (additive) property for a point mass the moment of inertia
is simply the mass times the square of the perpendicular distance to the
axis of rotation. The moment of inertia of a rigid composite system is the
sum of the moments of inertia of its component subsystems (all taken about
the same axis). Its simplest definition is the second moment of mass with
respect to distance from an axis.
For bodies constrained to rotate in a plane, only their moment of inertia
about an axis perpendicular to the plane, a scalar value, matters. For
bodies free to rotate in three dimensions, their moments can be described
by a symmetric 3 × 3 matrix, with a set of mutually perpendicular principal
axes for which this matrix is diagonal and torques around the axes act
independently of each other.
Are you ready to find out the importance of the law of universal
gravitations?

Learning Competency

Calculate the moment of inertia about a given axis of single -object

and multiple -object systems

1|Page
 Objectives

At the end of this learning activity, you are expected to:

1. Calculate the moment of inertia about a given axis of single -object
and multiple -object systems
2. Calculate magnitude and direction of torque using the definition of
torque as a cross product

Review

The Torque in rotational motion is equivalent to force in linear motion. It is

the prime parameter that keeps an object under rotatory motion. The torque
applied to an object begins to rotate it with an acceleration inversely
proportional to its moment of inertia. Mathematically given by:

Torque
τ=Iα

Where,

 τ is Torque(Rotational ability of a body).

 I is the moment of inertia (virtue of its mass)
 α is angular acceleration (rate of change of angular velocity).

Relationship between Torque and Moment of Inertia

For simple understanding, we can imagine it as Newton’s Second Law for
rotation. Where torque is the force equivalent, a moment of inertia is mass
equivalent and angular acceleration is linear acceleration equivalent. The
rotational motion does obey Newton’s First law of motion.
Consider an object under rotatory motion with mass m, moving along an arc
of a circle with radius r. From Newton’s Second Law of motion we know
that,
F= ma
⇒a=Fm

2|Page
Substitute linear acceleration a with angular acceleration. That is-
We know that, Acceleration 

For rotatory motion s = rd? Thus, Substituting we get

Thus, a=rα is the angular acceleration

Similarly, replace force F by Torque ?? we get

Substituting equation the two equation we get-

Thus, substituting it in the above equation we get-

⇒τ=Iα
This is relation and conversion between the Torque and the Moment of
Inertia of rotational motion.

3|Page
 Discussion

Moment Of Inertia

The moment of inertia has a formula that we just derived is true for a
single point of mass only. The moment of Inertia will be different for
extended objects. Let’s study a solid object rotating around its axis. Just
like we did in finding the center of the gravity, we can break the object into
many pieces. The net torque on the object will be the sum of the torques
caused by all the small pieces,

The moment of inertia of the whole object then is

We can find the moment of inertia of any object or any collection of

objects by adding the moments of inertia of its constituents. Notice that the
moment of inertia depends not just on the mass of an object, but on how
the mass is distributed within the object. Importantly, it matters how the
mass is distributed relative to the axis of rotation.
Moment of inertia for various rigid objects of uniform composition

Example A:

In an effort to win the first place in a drum and lyre

competition the majorette star leader presents her winning unusual
baton technique that made up of four spheres attached to the ends
4|Page
of the rods. Every rod is 1.0 m long. The mass of the first two spheres
is 0.19 kg and the mass of the other two spheres is 0.18 kg. Spheres
of equal masses are placed across from each other.

(a) Get the moment of inertia of the majorette baton through the point
where the rods cross.

(b) The majorette attempts rotating her baton around the rod holding
the 0.2 kg spheres. Compute the moment of inertia of the baton about
this axis.

Solution:
(a) All four spheres contribute to the moment of inertia, when the
baton is spinning around the point where the rods cross. We can treat
the spheres as point masses since their radius is small compared to
the length of the rods.

(b) In this situation only the 0.2kg spheres contribute to the moment
of inertia because the 0.2 kg spheres lie along the axis of rotation (so
r = 0).

5|Page
The moment of inertia for solid extended objects can be calculated using
calculus. The moment of inertia for some common objects is given in Table
above. Note that the assumption is that the mass is distributed uniformly
throughout these objects.

Parallel Axis Theorem

The moment of inertia is fairly easy to calculate about an axis parallel

to the axis through its center of gravity of the object. The result is called the
parallel axis theorem and is as follows

I z =I cm + M d 2

Where I cm is the moment of inertia of the object rotating about the center of
mass, M is the mass of the object and d is the distance between the two
parallel axes.

Example B:

A solid uniform frictionless cylindrical reel of mass M = 3.00 kg and

radius R = 0.400 m is used to draw water from a well. A bucket of mass m
= 2.00 kg is attached to a cord that is wrapped around the cylinder.
(a) Find the tension T in the cord and acceleration a of the bucket.
(b) If the bucket starts from rest at the top of the well and falls for
3.00 s before hitting the water, how far does it fall?

Solution:
(a) We will need free body diagrams for both the wheel and the bucket. The
bucket has two forces acting on it: tension pulling up and gravity pulling
down. Note that we don’t care where these forces act on the bucket because
this object is not rotating. The cylinder has three forces acting on it: gravity
acting at the center and pulling down, a normal force (from the bar holding
the cylinder) also acting at the center and pushing up, and tension acting at
a distance R and pulling down. We know that the bucket is accelerating and
the cylinder has an angular acceleration. We can use Newton’s second law
on the bucket,

6|Page
We can use the rotational analog of Newton’s second law on the cylinder. In
this case, we don’t get to choose the point of rotation because the object is
rotating about a specific axis,

Gravity and the normal force don’t contribute to the torque because they act
at the axis of rotation. We now have two equations and three unknowns (a,
α and T). We will need one more equation to solve this problem. Remember
that the tangential acceleration is related to the angular acceleration of a
rotating object. In this case, the rope is causing the tangential acceleration
of the cylinder and we know that the acceleration of the rope is the same as
that of the bucket,

Using this relationship, we find

which we can use to substitute into the first equation,

Now we can also find the tension,

7|Page
This is a kinematics problem,

Calculating Torque as a Cross Product

Torque is the rotational effect of force. For moving, a body from rest, a force
is required similar to set up a body in rotation from rest a torque is
required. The following section will deal with details about how large or
small is torque? In which direction the torque acts.
Torque about a point

Consider a screw shown in the picture above. If forces are applied at

different locations, then how the rotating effects are created. The axis of
rotation passes through the center of the screw and perpendicular to the
plane of the diagram.

First, consider only F1 force, then will it create any rotational effect? The
screw will not rotate, thus the force F1 will not create any torque.

Now, if only force F2 is applied, then again the screw will not rotate.
Forces F3 and F4 will rotate the screw, thus they will create some torque or
turning effect.

However, which one will easily rotate the screw? The force F3 is far off the
axis of rotation and easily rotate the screw as compared to F4.
F1 and F3 are acting at the same point, but their angle is
different. F1 and F3 have different turning effects. Thus, on what factors
does the turning effect depend upon?

As F3 and F4 are producing torque and they are at different distances from

the axis of rotation, thus torque must depend on the distance of the force
from the axis of rotation. This is the reason why the handles are made at
the end of doors, so that the distance of force increases from the axis of
rotation and more turning effect can be created by applying lesser force.
As F1 and F3 are at the same distance from the axis of rotation, but at

8|Page
different angles, thus the torque depends on the orientation of force.
Torque also depends on the magnitude of the force. The greater the
magnitude of force greater is the turning effect. Suppose you want to open a
jammed screw, then you have to apply greater force to produce greater
torque.

Here  r⃗ is the position vector of the point of application of force with respect
to the point about which torque is to be calculated,

F is the force applied,

⃗

T is the torque.
⃗

Direction of torque can be calculated by the rules of cross product.

Consider the above diagram in which the angle between ⃗r and ⃗ F is θ. In this
case if the line of action of the force is extended and a perpendicular is
dropped on it from the point of calculation of torque then this perpendicular
is called as moment arm.

The moment arm equals rsinθ,

Magnitude of the torque about point 'O' equals r F sin rFsinθ,

Therefore, torque can also be written as the product of force and moment
arm.

NOTE

9|Page
If torque is to be calculated about a point on the line of action of force, then
the torque comes out to be zero. This is because in this case the angle
between the position vector 'r' and force 'F' will be zero.

Example A
What is the torque of the force  about at the point

about the origin?

Torque r⃗ × ⃗
F if r⃗ =3 i^ + 2 ^j + 3 k^ m
⃗F = 2 i^ + 3 ^j + 4 k^ N

i^ ^j k^
Then r⃗ × F
⃗ = 3 2 3 = (8-(-9)i^ – (12-6) ^j + (-9-4)k^
2 −2 4

Or

Torque = 17i^ - 6 ^j – 13k^ N . m

Example B.
When a force of 6.0 N is exerted at 30∘ to a wrench at a distance of 8 cm
from the nut, it is just able to loosen the nut. What force F would be
sufficient to loosen it, if it acts perpendicularly to the wrench at 16 cm from
the nut?

Torque can be calculated using the

formula: T = rFsin(x).

10 | P a g e
Where T = Torque, r = distance from nut, F is magnitude of force applied to
nut, and sin(x) is the angle of the axis of orientation to the nut by the lever
or wrench.
So, given: F = 6 N, angle = 30 degrees, and r = 8 cm: T = 8 cm * 6.0 N *
sin(30) T = 23.99 N. Which is equal to approximately 24 N

If the angle of the axis of orientation is perpendicular, then sin(x) will be

sin(90) - maximum torque. So, given: angle = 90 degrees, r = 16 cm. It can
be assumed that the force required to move the nut will be less than 6 N.

Plugging in: T = 16 cm *1.5 N * sin(90) T = 24 N.

Therefore: 1.5 N is a sufficient force to move the nut when the angle is 90
degrees and r is 16 cm from the nut.

Torque about an axis

When torque is calculated about a point, it automatically points along an

axis which can be found by using right hand thumb rule. If torque is to be
calculated about any different axis, then the following steps are needed to
be taken,
1)Calculate torque about any point on the axis
2) Calculate the component of torque about the specified axis.

11 | P a g e
Consider the diagram shown above, in which force 'F' is acting on a body at
point 'P', perpendicular to the plane of the figure. Thus 'r' is perpendicular
to the force and torque about point 'O' is in x-y plane at an angle θ to y-axis.

Torque about 'O' equals τO=rF

To calculate the torque about the y-axis, take the component of torque
about y-axis.

Thus,

τyaxis=rFcosθ

The perpendicular (AF) drawn on y-axis from the line of action of the force is
equal to AF=rcosθ, Thus, the torque about an axis can be calculated as the
product of force and the perpendicular distance between the line of action of
the force and axis about which torque is to be calculated.

NOTE:
For the above formula to be correct the line of action of
the force and the axis about which torque is to be
calculated has to be skew symmetric line. Skew
symmetric lines are those which are neither parallel
nor intersecting.
If the line of action of the force and axis about which
torque is to be calculated are parallel, then the torque
about the axis will be zero.

A force is applied perpendicular to the edge of a cube of side length 'a' as

shown in the diagram.

The perpendicular distance from the point of rotation when cross producted
with Force given us Torque

So τSurface=F×r.

Now In these case Angle between r and F is 90o

12 | P a g e
SO  τCD = F×0 = 0

And  τAB =F × a = Fa  where a is the edge of the cube

Position, Velocity And Acceleration

Suppose a mass is moving on a circle with constant angular velocity. If we
look at it’s x position as it moves around the circle, we see that it oscillates
somewhat like a mass on a spring. The x position of the mass is given by

We know that the mass is moving with constant angular speed so

This equation describes the position of an object undergoing simple

harmonic motion as a function of time. We can substitute this into

The velocity also oscillates, but it is 90◦ out of phase with the displacement.
When the displacement is a maximum or minimum, velocity is zero and vice
versa. The maximum value (amplitude) of velocity is Aω

(when sin(πf t) = 1). We can also derive an expression for the acceleration

The acceleration is also sinusoidal and 180◦ out of phase with the
displacement. When the displacement is a maximum, acceleration is a
minimum and vice versa. The maximum acceleration (amplitude) is Aω2 .

Torque And Angular Acceleration

13 | P a g e
When an object is subjected to a torque, it undergoes an angular
acceleration. We can derive a law similar to Newton’s second law for the
effect of a torque. Suppose we have an object of mass m connected to a very
light rod of length r. The rod is pivoted about the end opposite the mass and
its movement is confined to a horizontal frictionless table. Suppose a
tangential force F t acts on the mass. This will cause a tangential
acceleration,

Multiplying both sides of the equation by r,

and substituting for the at=rα for the tangential acceleration gives

The left side is simply the torque,

This tells us that the torque is proportional to the angular acceleration. The
constant of proportionality is m r 2 and is called the moment of inertia of the
object. Moment of inertia has units of kg · m 2 and is denoted by I. So we can
write,

This is the rotational analog of Newton’s second law.

Rotational Kinematic Using Vectors

Scalar rotational kinematic quantities

Recall that we can describe the motion of a particle along a circle of

radius, R, by using its angular position, θ, its angular velocity, ω, and its
angular acceleration, αα. With a suitable choice of coordinate system, the
angular position can be defined as the angle made by the position vector of
the particles, r⃗ , and the x axis of a coordinate system whose origin is the
center of the circle as shown in the picture below.

14 | P a g e
Picture A. Angular position for a particle moving around the z axis (out of
the page), along a circle of radius R with a center at the origin.

If the angular acceleration is constant, then angular velocity and position as

a function of time are given by:

where θ0θ0 and ω0ω0 are the angular position and velocity, respectively,

at t=0t=0.

We can also describe the motion of the particle in terms of “linear”

quantities (as opposed to “angular” quantities) along a one-dimensional axis
that is curved along the circle. If ss is the distance along the circumference
of the circle, measured counter-clockwise from where the circle intersects
the x axis, then it is related to the angular displacement:

if θ is expressed in radians. Similarly, the linear velocity along the s axis,  v s

, and the corresponding acceleration, a s, are given by:

15 | P a g e
where the radius of the circle, RR, is a constant that can be taken out of the
time derivatives. For motion along a circle, the velocity vector, v⃗ v→, of the
particle is always tangent to the circle , so vs corresponds to the speed of
the particle. The acceleration vector, a⃗ , is in general not tangent to the
circle; as represents the component of the acceleration vector that is
tangent to the circle. If as=0, then α=0, and the particle is moving with a
constant speed (uniform circular motion), and the acceleration vector points
towards the center of the circle.

Vector rotational kinematic quantities

In the previous section, we defined angular quantities to describe the

motion of a particle about the zz axis along a circle of radius RR that lies in
the xyxy plane. By using vectors, we can define the angular quantities for
rotation about an axis that can point in any direction. Given an axis of
rotation, the path of any particle rotating about that axis can be described
by a circle that lies in the plane perpendicular to that axis of rotation

Picture B. Defining the vector r⃗ and the angular velocity, w⃗  for a particle

with velocity v⃗  rotating about an axis in a general direction.
We define the vector, r⃗ , for a particle to be the vector that goes from the
axis of rotation to the particle and is in a plane perpendicular to the axis of
rotation. Given the velocity vector of the particle, v⃗ , we define its angular
velocity vector, ω⃗, about the axis of rotation, as:

The angular velocity vector is perpendicular to both the velocity vector and
the vector r⃗ , since it is defined as their cross-product. Thus, the angular
velocity vector is co-linear with the axis of rotation. By using the
angular velocity vector, we can specify the direction of the axis of
rotation as well as the direction in which the particle is rotating about
that axis. The direction of rotation is given by the right hand rule for axial

16 | P a g e
vectors: when you point your thumb in the same direction as the angular
velocity vector, the direction of rotation is the direction that your fingers
point when you curl them as shown in the picture below.

Picture C. Using the right hand rule for axial vectors.

In this case, the direction of rotation is counter clockwise when looking at
the page (the direction that the fingers curl), so the rotation vector points
out of the page (the direction of the thumb).
This definition of the angular velocity is consistent with the description from
the previous section for motion about a circle of radius RR that lies in
the xy plane.
In that case, the magnitude of the angular velocity is given by:

where ϕ is the angle between the vectors r⃗  and v⃗  (90∘90∘ for motion

around a circle). The direction of the angular velocity in Picture A, is in the
positive z direction, which corresponds to counter-clockwise rotation about
the z axis.
One can always define an angular velocity vector relative to a point of
rotation, even if the particle is not moving along a circle. If we define the
vector r⃗  to be the vector from the point of rotation to the particle, then the
angular velocity vector describes the motion of the particle as if it were
instantaneously moving in a circle centered at the point of rotation, in a
plane given by the vectors r⃗ and v⃗ .
consider, for example, the particle in Picture A which is moving in a straight
line with a velocity vector in the xy plane at a position r⃗  relative to the
origin. We can define its angular velocity vector relative to the origin, which
will be in the positive z direction.

17 | P a g e
Picture D. Angular position for a particle moving in a straight line.
The angular velocity describes the motion of the particle as if it
were instantaneously moving along a circle of radius rr centered about
the origin. The angular velocity is related to the component of v⃗ , v⊥, that is
perpendicular to r⃗  (which is the component tangent to the circle of radius r,
in Picture D.

where ϕ is the angle between r⃗  and v⃗ .

Similarly, we can define the angular acceleration vector, α⃗ , about an axis of
rotation:

where a⃗  is the particle’s acceleration vector, and r⃗ is the vector from the
axis of rotation to the particle. The direction of the angular acceleration is
co-linear with the axis of rotation and the right-hand rule gives the
rotational direction of the angular acceleration. We can also define the
angular acceleration about a point; in that case, the direction of the vector
will define an instantaneous axis of rotation about a circle of
radius r centered at the point as well as the direction of the angular
acceleration about that axis.
Finally, we can define an angular displacement vector, θ⃗ , relative to an axis
of rotation. The direction of the angular displacement vector will be co-linear
with the axis of rotation, its direction will indicate the direction of rotation
about that axis, and its magnitude (in radians) will correspond to the
angular displacement (as shown in Picture B). We can only relate the
angular displacement vector to an infinitesimal linear displacement
vector, ds⃗ , since the position vector r⃗  from the axis of rotation will be
different at each end of the displacement vector if the displacement is large.
The infinitesimal angular displacement vector that corresponds to an
infinitesimal displacement vector, ds⃗ , is defined as:

18 | P a g e
The instantaneous angular velocity vector is the rate of change of the
angular displacement vector:

where v⃗s is the (instantaneous) tangential velocity around the circle (i.e. the
component of the velocity v⃗  that is perpendicular to r⃗ ). The angular
acceleration vector is the rate of change of the angular velocity vector:

Given the angular kinematic quantities, the related linear quantities at a

position r⃗  from the axis of rotation are given by:

where the linear quantities are always in the direction perpendicular

to r⃗  (tangent to the circle, for motion around a circle). In other words, one
cannot, say, take the acceleration vector, obtain the angular acceleration
vector, and then get back the original acceleration vector - one will only get
back the component of the acceleration vector that is perpendicular to r⃗ .

Activities

Guided Practice 1
Calculate the following problems and show your solution in a separate sheet
of paper.

19 | P a g e
 1. (a) Calculate the torque produced by a 75N perpendicular force at
the end of 0.2m long wrench.
b. Calculate the torque produced by the same 75-N force when a
pipe extends the length of the wrench to 0.5 m.

2. Two children are sitting on a see-saw, as shown. Calculate the

distance the 500-N child should sit from the fulcrum (pivot) to
balance the see-saw.

3. Suppose that a meterstick is supported at the center, and a 20-N

block is hung at the 80-cm mark. Another block of unknown
weight just balances the system when it is hung at the 10-cm
mark. What is the weight of the second block?

Guided Practice 2
Calculate the following problems and show your solution in a separate sheet
of paper.

1. What is the mass of the rock shown in the figure?

20 | P a g e
 2. What is the mass of the meterstick shown in the figure ?

3. If the torque required to loosen a nut on the wheel of a car has a

magnitude of 40.0 N-m, what minimum force must be exerted by a
mechanic at the end of a 0.30-m wrench to loosen the nut?

4. A window washer is standing on a scaffold supported by vertical ropes

at each end. The scaffold weighs 150 N and is 5.00 m long. What is
the tension in each rope when the 600. N worker stands 1.2 m from
one end?

Independent Practice
Direction: Choose the correct answer and show your solution in a separate
sheet of paper.

1. A wheel spinning at 3 m/s uniformly accelerates to 6 m/s in 4 s. Its

radius is 20 cm. How far around the wheel will a speck of dust travel
during that interval?
A) 6 m D) 18 m
B) 9 m E) 30 m
C) 12 m
2. If an object of radius 3 m that experiences a constant angular
acceleration starting from rest, rotates 10 rads in 2 s, what is its
angular acceleration?
A) 2.5 rad/s² D) 10 rad/s²
B) 5 rad/s² E) 15 rad/s²
C) 7.5 rad/s²
3. A bicycle moves at constant speed over a hill along a smoothly curved
surface as shown above. Which of the following best describes the

21 | P a g e
 directions of the velocity and the acceleration at the instant it is at the
highest position?
A) The velocity is towards the right of the page and the acceleration is
towards the top of the page.
B) The velocity is towards the right of the page and the acceleration is
towards the bottom of the page.
C) The velocity is towards the right of the page and the acceleration is
towards the bottom right of the page.
D) The velocity is towards the right of the page and the acceleration is
towards the top right of the page.
E) The velocity is towards the top right of the page and the
acceleration is towards the bottom right of the page.
4. What is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration at the bottom of
the swing)?
A) 2 m/s² D) 12 m/s²
B) 4 m/s² E) 22 m/s²
C) 10 m/s²
5. What is the speed of the object at the bottom of the swing?
A) 0.6 m/s D) 2.4 m/s
B) 1.2 m/s E) 7.2 m/s
C) 2.0 m/s
6. How far from the left end of the rod should the force be placed to
maintain equilibrium?
A) 10 cm D) 40 cm
B) 20 cm E) 50 cm
C) 25 cm

7. What force is applied to the rod by the pivot?

A) 10 N D) 60 N
B) 20 N E) 100 N
C) 40 N
8. A uniform wooden board of mass 10 M is held up by a nail hammered
into a wall. A block of mass M rests L/2 away from the pivot. Another
block of a certain mass is hung a distance L/3. The system is in static
equilibrium.

What is the measure of the mass labeled?

M 3M
A) (D)
2 2

22 | P a g e
 M
B) (E) 2M
3
M
C)
2

9. The angular velocity of a rotating disk with a radius of 2 m decreases

from 6 rads per second to 3 rads per second in 2 seconds. What is the
linear acceleration of a point on the edge of the disk during this time
interval?
A) Zero D) 3/2 m/s²
B) –3 m/s² E) 3 m/s²
C) –3/2 m/s².
10. A solid sphere of radius 0.2 m and mass 2 kg is at rest at a height 7
m at the top of an inclined plane making an angle 60° with the
horizontal. Assuming no slipping, what is the speed of the cylinder at
the bottom of the incline?
A) Zero D) 6 m/s
B) 2 m/s E) 10 m/s
C) 4 m/s

23 | P a g e
 Assessment

Direction: Calculate the following problem and show your solution in a

separate sheet of paper.
1. A spinning object with moment of inertia I increases in angular
speed from  = 0 to a in t seconds. What is the average power
delivered to the object during this interval t? A) Ia/2t 2
2. A solid sphere of radius .2 m and mass 2 kg is at rest at a
height 1.2 m at the top of an inclined plane making an angle
60° with the horizontal. Assuming no slipping, what is the
speed of the cylinder at the bottom of the incline?
3. A 4 kg object moves in a circle of radius 8 m at a constant
speed of 2 m/s. What is the angular momentum of the object
with respect to an axis perpendicular to the circle and through
its center?
4. A solid cylinder with diameter 20 cm has an angular velocity of
10 rad/s and angular momentum of 2 kgm2 /s. What is its
mass?
5. What is the ratio of the moment of inertia of a cylinder of mass
m and radius r to the moment of inertia of a hoop of the same
mass and same radius?

24 | P a g e
 Reflection

Direction. Answer the following question comprehensively

1. Explain what is the difference between torque and moment?

Criteria 5 3 1
Content Demonstrate an Demonstrate a Show some
excellent god misunderstanding
understanding understanding of the topic.
of the topic. of the topic.
Organization Information is Some There is no clear
relevant and information is introduction,
presented somewhat structures, or
logically. relevant and conclusion.
presented
logically
2. Explain how does torque differ from force?

25 | P a g e
 References

Dobrovolny, Hana. 2012. "Lecture Notes For Physics 10154: General

Physics I". http://file:///C:/Users/Rodison
%20Fernandez/Desktop/GenPhys_notes.pdf.
Foundation, CK-12. 2020. "CK12-Foundation". CK-12 Foundation.
https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-physics-flexbook-
2.0/section/5.3/primary/lesson/universal-law-of-gravity-phys.
Smcisd.net. 2020. [online] Available at:
<https://www.smcisd.net/cms/lib/TX02215324/Centricity/Domain/10
73/unit%20hw%20rotation%20ans%20key.pdf> [Accessed 4 November
2020].

"Kinematics Of Rotational Motion | Physics".

2020. Courses.Lumenlearning.Com.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/10-2-kinematics-
of-rotational-motion/#:~:text=description%20of%20motion.-,The
%20kinematics%20of%20rotational%20motion%20describes%20the
%20relationships%20among%20rotation,%2C%20angular
%20acceleration%2C%20and%20time.

Santisteban, C., 2007. Breaking Through Physics. Quezon, City: C & E

Publisher.

Simpson, David. 2020. "General Physics I: Classical Mechanics".

http://file:///C:/Users/Rodison%20Fernandez/Desktop/GENERAL
%20PHYSICS.pdf.

2020. Mustangps.Org. http://www.mustangps.org/Downloads/torque
%20and%20rotational%20inertia%20WS.pdf.

"Calculating Torque As A Cross Product | Brilliant Math & Science Wiki".

2020. Brilliant.Org. https://brilliant.org/wiki/calculating-torque-as-a-cross-
product/.

"10.3: Rotation With Constant Angular Acceleration". 2020. Physics

Libretexts.
https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Book
%3A_University_Physics_(OpenStax)/Map%3A_University_Physics_I_-
_Mechanics_Sound_Oscillations_and_Waves_(OpenStax)/10%3A_Fixed-

26 | P a g e
Axis_Rotation__Introduction/10.03%3A_Rotation_with_Constant_Angula
r_Acceleration.

2020. Personal.Tcu.Edu.
http://personal.tcu.edu/hdobrovolny/GenPhys_notes.pdf.

https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib4/VA01000195/Centricity/Domain/1481
9/P%20Torque%20Worksheet%20Answers.pdf

27 | P a g e
 Key to Corrections

Guided Practice 1
Independent Practice
1. (a) 15N
1. D
(b) 37.5N 2. B
2. r=1.8m 3. B
3. f = 15N 4. A
5. A
6. C
Guided Practice 2 7. B
1. 1.33 kg 8. D
2. 1.0 kg 9. B
10. E
3. 133.3 N Assessment
4. 531 N and 219 N 1. Ia 2 /t
2. 10 m/s
3. 64 kg•m2 /s
4. 4 m/s
5. 1:2

28 | P a g e
Acknowledgment
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL TRACKS

ACADEMIC TRACK

TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL-
LIVELIHOOD (TVL) TRACK

SPORTS TRACK

ARTS AND DESIGN TRACK