8

Science
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Work, Power and Energy
Science — Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 — Module 4: Work, Power and Energy
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education-Division of Gingoog City

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Yehlen V. Bendanillo
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Florida D. Arias, PhD, PSDS
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 8
SCIENCE
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Work, Power and Energy
This page is intentionally blank.
 Table of Contents
What This Module is About …………………………………………….………………...i
What I Need to Know ……………………………………………………………………..i
How to Learn from this Module …………………………………………………………ii
Icons of this Module ………………………………………………………………………ii
What I Know ……………………………………………………………………………….iii

Lesson 1
Work Vs. No Work ……………………………………………….1
What I Need to Know ……………………………………………………………………….1
What’s New: Activity 1: Tell Me, It Works! …………………………………………….....1
Activity 2: Pictures Tell It All ……………………………………………..…2
What Is It …………………………………………………………………………………..…2
What’s More: Activity 3: Fill in the Table ………………………………………………....3
What I Have Learned: Activity 4: Work is Done Vs. No Work is Done ……….………3
What I Can Do: Activity 5: Situational Experience ………………………………………4

Lesson 2
How Work Related to Power and Energy ……………………5
What’s In: Activity 1: Direction of Forces …………………………………………5
What I Need To Know ……………………………………………………………...5
What’s New: Activity 2: Power and Work …………………………………………6
Activity 3: How Powerful I am? ……………………………………..6
What Is It ……………………………………………………………………………..7
What’s More: Activity 4: Applications ……………………………………………..9
What I Have Learned: Activity 5: Describe Us ..………………………………….10
What I Can Do: Activity 6: Application of Energy ………………………………...10

Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………...10
Assessment (Post-Test) …………………………………………………………………….11
Key to Answers ……………………………………………………………………………….13
References ………………………………………………………………………………….…15
This page is intentionally blank.
What This Module is About

In Module 1, you applied Newton’s Laws to evaluate the motion of objects. You
investigated the motion of an object and its relation to force, mass and acceleration.
In this module, motion will be analyzed from the viewpoint of work and energy. The
concept of force you studied in Module 1, will be related to the concept of work and energy.
In Physics, work is an abstract idea related to energy. When work is done it is accompanied
by a change of energy. When work is done by an object it loses energy and when work is
done on an object it gains energy. Sounds confusing right? Don’t worry as you go through in
this module, it will be clear to you what work is meant for. If you enjoyed learning Module 1,
in this module you will be more motivated to study Physics.
At the end this module, you should be able to answer the following questions:

 What is work?
 What is energy?
 How are work, energy, and power related?

What I Need to Know

After completing this module you are expected to:

 Identify situations in which work is done and in which no work is done.

 Describe how work is related to power and energy.

i
How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

 Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
 Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
 Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I Know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge.
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with
that of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be
presented to you.

What Is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and
understanding of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are

intended for you to practice further in order
to master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do These are tasks that are designed to

showcase your skills and knowledge
gained, and applied into real-life concerns
and situations.

ii
 What I Know (Pre-Test)

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it in a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following situations shows work is done on an object?

A. A student reading a book
B. A customer pushing a cart
C. A nurse holding the medicine tray
D. A patient sitting in the emergency room

2. It is the rate of doing work.

A. Energy C. Time
B. Power D. Work

3. The unit of power is __________.

A. Joule C. Second
B. Newton D. Watt

4. A weightlifter presses a 400N weight 0.5m over his head in 2s. What is the power
of the weightlifter?

A. 25 J C. 100 J
B. 25 W D. 100 W

5. How much power is required to do 180J of work in 2.4s?

A. 7.5W C. 178 W
B. 75 W D. 430 W

6. The following statements are true of work EXCEPT ____________________

A. Work is a process of transferring energy.
B. Work is done if the object is gaining mass.
C. If work is done on an object it gains energy.
D. If work is done by an object it losses energy.

7. Which of the following situations shows NO work is done?

A. A boy pushing his toy cart
B. An audience sitting on the bench
C. A janitor pushing a chair to the corner
D. A bride throwing her bouquet of flowers

8. Imagine you are repeatedly lifting a weight into the air up to a height of 2 m.
Assuming in each lift you exerted an average force of 190 N, how much work is
done on the weight?
A. 150 J C. 300J
B. 200J D. 380 J

9. Which of the following statements below best describes that work is being done?
A. The applied force does not make the object move.
B. The object moves perpendicular to the applied force.
C. The object moves in the same direction of the applied force.
D. The object moves opposite to the direction of the applied force.
 Iii
10. The relationship between work and energy is ___________________________.
A. Not related C. Inversely proportional
B. Directly proportional D. None of the above

11. In order to increase the power output of the person doing the work, the time
expended must be _______________________.
A. constant C. doubled
B. decreased D. increased

12. Which of the following scenarios has the highest power output?
A. Covido lifts the 10kg box upstairs in 10 s.
B. Covido lifts the 10 kg box upstairs in 15 s.
C. Covido lifts the 10 kg box upstairs in 20s.
D. Covido lifts the 10 kg box upstairs in 25 s.

13. The following are the factors affecting power output EXCEPT______________.
A. Energy C. Temperature
B. Force D. Time

14. The relationship between power and work is ___________________________.

A. Not related C. Inversely proportional
B. Directly proportional D. None of the above

15. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. There is more work done when pushing a wall than pushing an empty cart.
B. Increasing the time expended to do a task increases power output.
C. Power decreases as the amount of force increases.
D. Without energy, there is no power.
.
 Lesson
Work vs. No Work
1
What I Need to Know

After completing this lesson you are expected to:

 Identify situations in which work is done and in which no work is
done. S8FE-Ic20

What’s New

Activity 1 – Tell Me IT Works!

Objective: After performing this activity, you should be able to explain if work is done
in situations presented.

Procedure:
 Look at the pictures presented below. Identify which of the situations where
work is done and which is no work is done, and tell me why? Write your
explanations on your activity notebook.

Lehan, David.”Forces and Elasticity”. 2016 JPEG FILE. Lehan, David.”Forces and Elasticity”. 2016 JPEG FILE.
Situation 1 Situation 2
1. Is work done? (Yes or No) 1. Is work done? (Yes or No)

2. Explain 2. Explain

1
Activity 2 – The Pictures Tell it All

Direction: Observe the pictures shown below. Answer the guide questions given.

Guide Questions:
Q1. What usually comes to your mind when you hear the word work?
________________________________________________________________
______

________________________________________________________________
______

Q2. Which of the pictures showed work is done on an object? Explain.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
____________

What Is It

Work may have a different meaning for different people. As students, what do
you think is work for you? Probably doing your assignments, reading, reporting, and
doing your science experiments are work for you. Teachers, doctors, nurses, utility
men, and others may go to work every day to earn a living. In these examples, work
refers to a task that is accomplished by exerting physical and mental efforts. Work
makes us tired right? Why is this happening? It is because we are transferring energy
as we do work, as you go further in Module 2, you will find out how.
In Physics, work is a process of transferring energy from one place to another. There
is work done on an object if the object moves a distance in the same direction of the force
you applied. No work is done if the force you exerted does not make the object move in the
same direction of the force being applied. For instance, whenever you attempt to push a
table and nothing happens, even if you are exerting force, you are not doing work on the
table.
 2
What’s More

Activity 3 – Fill in the Table

Direction: Fill in the table by writing W if work is done and N if no work is done.

Activity W or N
1. Pushing a jeepney in a certain distance.
2. Pushing a firewall
3. Holding a book
4. Lifting a suitcase
5. Taking a load upstairs
6. A boy carrying a bag running across the playground
7. A mother dancing with a baby in her arms
8. A basket being lifted
9. A big box dragged across the floor
10. A mango fruit falling from a tree

What I Have Learned

Activity 4 – Work Worksheet

Directions: Identify whether or not the following represent examples of work.

Examples Work is done (Yes or No)

1. A man pushing the locked door.

2. A boy pulling a cart

3. A teacher holding a book.

4. A baseball player hits the ball hard

5. A porter transferring a heavy load

upstairs.
6. A girl lends on the wooden fence
7. A teacher sitting in the chair
8. A boy pushing the cart moving to
north.
9. A girl holding a book

10. A carpenter smashing a nail.

 3

What I Can Do

Activity 5 – Situational Experience

Direction: You can only choose one (1) of the following situations.

Situational Experience
Situation 1
Cut two (2) pictures of your daily life activities showing work is done and no
work is done. (Pictures can either be: old pictures, cut-outs from old magazines or
newspapers, or printouts.) Explain how work is done or not done on each example.
Paste the photos on a bond paper with your explanation.

Situation 2
Create a comic strips based from your day to day activities and explain how work is
done on that scenario. Draw it in a bond paper.
 4
Lesson How Work is Related to
2 Power and Energy

What’s In

Activity 1 – Direction of Force

Direction: Draw the direction of the force and motion using arrows displayed by
the given sample. Indicate on the third column if the sample is doing work or not. Write Yes if
the sample does work and No if it doesn’t.

Direction of
Sample Illustration Direction of Motion Doing Work?
Force

Images Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/3622457/

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you are expected to:
 Describe how work is related to power and energy.

5
 What’s New

Activity 2 – Power and Work

Refer to the figure below, suppose Jack and Ben lift a sack of rice weighing150 Newton’s
from the ground to a height of 1.5 meters, how will you describe the work done and the time it
takes Jack and Ben lift the sack of rice?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.

Source: https://www.shutterstock.com/es/?
irclickid=3xmxKK24txyJUtM0ElylqXhuUkiUII0vKTxi2g0&irgwc=1&utm_medium=Affiliate&utm_campaign=admitad%20GmbH%20-
%20Shutterstock&utm_source=274393&utm_term=378cb7e03142c901e60908a4d88e6a63

Perform the given activity to see your power output in walking or running up a flight of stairs.

Activity 3 – How Powerful Am I?

Objective: After performing this activity, you should be able to compute for your power
output in walking up a flight of stairs.

Materials Needed:
 Tape Measure, ruler or any measuring device, timer

Procedure:
1. Choose and write the names of your family members in the first column of Table 1.
(Note: 3 members only)
2. Enter each member’s weight in column 2. To solve for the weight, multiply the mass
(in kg) by acceleration due to gravity (g=9.8 m/s2).
3. Make sure that the height of the flight of stairs is approximately 1-meter.
4. Each member will walk up the flight of stairs. Use stop watch or any watch to get the
time it takes each member to climb the stairs. Record the time in the 4th column.
5. Solve for the energy expended by each member. Record them in the 5th column of
the table.
6. Compute the power output of each member. Write your answer in the table below.

6
 Name Weight (N) Time taken to Energy Power (J/s)
climb the stairs Expended (J)
(s)

 Is there a difference on the amount of work exerted by each member of your family?
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
 What do you think are the factors affecting the power output?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What Is It

Work (W )
Power( P)=
Time (t)

In the previous activity, what is the rate of work of Jack and Ben? To find Jack's
power, divide his work (225 Joules) by his time (5 seconds). Jack has a power of 45 watts.
To find Ben’s power, divide his work (225 Joules) by his time (15 seconds). Ben's power is
15 watts. Therefore, Jack has 3 times more power than Ben.

Jack : P= 225J / 5s = 45 J/s or 200 watts ; Ben : P= 225 J/ 15s = 15 J/s or 15

watts

Meaning: Power is directly proportional to work but inversely proportional to time. Hence,
even though they have the same amount of work but differ in time expended, their power
output will vary. Since power is inversely proportional to time; power increases as the time to
finish the work decreases.

Example 2: A roller coaster is pulled up a hill by a chain

attached to a motor. The total roller coaster’s mass is 5,000
kg. If it takes 20 seconds to pull the roller coaster up a 50-
meter hill, how powerful is the motor?

1. Looking for: You are asked for power.

2. Given: You are given the mass in kilograms, the time in
seconds, and the height in meters.
3. Relationships: Fg=mg W=Fd P=W/t
4. Solution: Find the weight of the roller coaster
Source: Hsu, Thomas C. (2005). Physics a First
Course. CPO Science

7
 Fg = (5,000 kg)(9.8 m/s2) Fg = 49,000 N

Calculate the work:

W = (49,000 N)(50 m) W = 2,450,000 N.m or 2,450,000 J

Calculate the power:

P = 2,450,000 J / 20 seconds = 122, 500 Watts

Example 3: What is the power output of a cyclist who transforms 27 000 J of energy in 3
minutes?
1. Looking for: You are asked for power.
2. Given: You are given the energy, and the time in minutes.
3. Relationship: P= E/T
4. Solution: Calculate the power output of the cyclist:
First convert the time to seconds,

60 seconds
3 minutes= =180 seconds
1 minute
Proceed to Solution,

W 27 000 J
P= =
t 180 S
= 150 J/s or 150 Watts

8
 What’s More

Activity 4 - Application

Direction/s: Apply your understanding of work and power to answer the following
questions. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. A machine is able to do 30 Joules of work in 6.0 seconds. What is the power output
of the machine?

A.0.20 W B. 50.00 W C. 5.00 W D. 180.00 W

2. A 500 -Newton boy takes 10.0 seconds to run up three flights of stairs to a landing,
a total of 5.0 meters vertically above her starting point. What is the power output of
the girl?

A.0.25 W B.50 W C. 250 W D. 2,500 W

3. Two boys manage to lift the water containers. Boy A lifts 40N container from the
ground to a height of 0.30m in 2s. Boy B lifts a 30 N container to a height of 0.40 m
in 1s. Compared to Boy A, Boy B does _______________.
A. more work but lesser power
B. less work but greater power
C. the same work but greater power
D. the same work but lesser power

4. Arya and Olivia are doing exercise activity. Arya moves the 20 kg bag over her head
2 times in two minutes; Olivia moves the 20 kg bag over her head 2 times in 20
seconds. Considering that the two girls have the same height,
Which girl exerts greater work? ______________
Which girl exerts greater power? ______________
Explain your answer: ________________________________________________

5. Rob and Gab are performing Science activity. They run up a ramp. Rob is two
times as great as Gab; however Gab travels the same distance in half the time.
Who exerted the greater work? ______________
Who exerted the greater power? ______________
Explain your answer: _____________________________________________

9
 What I Have Learned

Activity 5 – Describe Us
Describe how work is related to power and energy. Cite at least two examples to support
your answer. (Limit your answers to five sentences only).
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Activity 6 – Application of Energy

Look at the power rating in the electrical devices you use at home. Indicate the
power usage and energy as it used up for about 3 hours.
Devices Power Rating (W) Energy= Power x time (J)
TV
Electric Fan
Refrigerator
Incandescent light bulb

Summary
Work is a process of transferring energy from one object to another. The doer of the
work or the giver of the energy losses it while the receiver of the energy gains it. The force
applied to the object is the energy received by the object causing it to move. Work is done
on the object if it moves a distance in the direction of the applied force. No work is done if
the force exerted does not make the object move. Both work and energy are measured in
Joules because work is a form of energy. On the other hand, power is the rate of doing work
over time. Power can be increased if the work will be done in a shorter time, thus power and
time expended are inversely proportional. Power output will also be affected if there is an
increase or decrease in the force applied or change in the work done on the object. The unit
of power is equal to the unit of work (Joules) divided by the unit of time (seconds). One watt
is equal to one Joule per second.

Formulas:
 Fg=mass x gravity (9.8m/s2)
 W=Force x distance
 Power =Work / time
 Power = Energy / Time

10
 Assessment: (Post-Test)
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it in the separate
sheet of paper.

1. What do you call the rate of doing work?

A. Energy C. Power
B. Time D. Work
2. What is the unit of power?
A. Joule C. Newton
B. Second D. Watt
3. How much power is required to lift a 30N chair, as high as 0.20m in 2s?
A. 1 W C. 3 W
B. 7 W D. 15 W
4. How much power is required to raise a 30 kg crate with a vertical distance of 6m in a time
of 4 seconds?
A. 45 W C. 52.5 W
B. 385 W D. 441 W
5. A job is done slowly, and an identical job is done quickly. Both jobs require the same
amount of _________, but different amounts of __________. Choose the correct two
words respectively.
A. energy, work C. power, work
B. work, energy D. work, power
6. What is work?
A. Force multiplied by time C. Force multiplied by distance
B. Force per unit of time D. Force divided by distance
7. What is the unit of work?
A. Joule C. Newton
B. Second D. Watt
8. Power can be increased by__________________.
A. decreasing the force applied by an object.
B. decreasing the work done on the object
C. increasing the time in which the work is done.
D. decreasing the time in which the work is done.

9. Which of the following statements is FALSE about power?

A. Power is a time-based quantity.
B. The unit of power in Newton-meter.
C. Power refers to how fast work is done.
D. The standard unit of power is the Watt.

10. If you do work on an object in half the usual time, how will you describe the power
output?
A. It is half the usual power output.
B. It is twice the usual power output.
C. It is four times the usual power output.
D. It’s the same with the usual power output.

11
1. Work is done when the ________________________
A. force is zero.
B. displacement is zero.
C. displacement is not zero.
D. force and displacement are perpendicular.

2. In which of the following scenarios work is done on the object?

A. A weightlifter lifts a barbell overhead for 2.5 s.
B. A student holds a spring in a compressed position.
C. A car decelerates while traveling on a flat stretch of road.
D. A worker carries a heavy beam while walking at constant speed.

3. How is work related to power and energy?

A. Work is directly related to power and energy.
B. Work is inversely related to power and energy.
C. Work is directly related to energy but inversely proportional to time.
D. Work is inversely proportional to time but directly related to energy.

4. How is power related to work and time?

A. Power is directly related to work and time.
B. Power is inversely related to work and time.
C. Power is directly related to work but inversely related to time.
D. Power is directly related to time but inversely related to work.

5. The following statements are true EXCEPT _____________________________

A. Lesser work is done in pushing a toy car than pushing a wall.
B. Time expended is inversely proportional to power output.
C. No work is done if the person is just lying on the bed.
D. Power output decreases if the energy decreases.

12

Key to Answers
 13

References

Campo, P., Chavez, M., Catris, L., Ferido, M., Fontanilla, I., Gutierrez, J., Jusayan, S. and
Mantala, M., n.d. Science Learner's Module. 13th ed. Department of Education, pp.3-23.
Cpalms.org. 2020. Elastic Potential Energy -. [online] Available at:
<https://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceLesson/Preview/21274>; [Accessed 10 June
2020].

JustScience. 2020. Energy And Its Types - Justscience. [online] Available at:

<http://www.justscience.in/articles/energy-and-its-types/2017/05/14>; [Accessed 10 June 2020].

Quizizz.com. 2020. Gravitational Potential Energy - Quiz. [online] Available at:

<https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5ad01b70f99ab7001b998aeb/gravitational-potential-energy>;
[Accessed 10 June 2020].

“Power.” The Physics Classroom. Accessed June 29, 2020.

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Power.

Hsu, Thomas C. (2005). Physics a First Course. CPO Science

Aquino, Marites D, Meliza P Valdoz, Jan Jason M Mariano, and Mary Anne T. Bascara.
Worktext in Science and Technology. C.M. Rcto Avenue, Manila, Philippines: Science
Links Book Store, 2013.

Work, Energy and Power Practice Test 1. Accessed June 29,

2020.https://1.cdn.edl.io/LlH4q8Q6nSztGKdZqrhxKYdnR4DVh7paC6LHz8bBkrepEKFy.pdf

15
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