CONDUCCIÓN DE CALOR EN METALES LÍQUIDOS

RESUMEN relative increase of effective thermal conductivity λT/λ

caused by transition from laminar to turbulent flow is less
Los resultados de los experimentos sobre la transferencia de than the relative increase of effective viscosity by a factor of
calor a metales líquidos se analizan para facilitar las the order of Pr. Thus in a stream of liquid metal
instalaciones en las que el flujo tuvo lugar tanto en tubos
cortos como en canales planos, en vigas de varilla y en una λT/λ=(10^(-2)-10^(-4))
placa a lo largo de sus direcciones longitudinales, a través de
cilindros, convección libre y condensación de vapores Several properties of the quantity E can be made clear from
metálicos líquidos. El efecto de los aditivos en la tasa de the following considerations.
transferencia de calor examinada. Se discuten las cuestiones
que surgen en relación con la ebullición de los metales
líquidos, así como los problemas de humectación de los 2.
efectos sobre la fricción de fluidos y la tasa de transferencia
de calor. Se proporcionan ecuaciones para el cálculo de las
3. CONCLUSIONES
tasas de transferencia de calor.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
1. INTRODUCCIÓN
[1] Parsons, S. R. and Harper, D. R., Radiators for
Liquid metals are useful high temperature coolants which Aircraft Engines, U. S. Bureau of Standards,
allow very high heat ratings due to their high thermal
Technical Paper no. 211, 1922, pp. 327–330
conductivity. Unfortunately, several properties peculiar to
liquid metals cause difficulties in handling, both during
[2.] Harper, D. R. and Brown W. B., Mathematical
experimental investigations and in practical application as
coolants. Important properties include an extremely small Equations for Heat Conduction in the Fins of Air-
ratio of kinematic viscosity, Y, to thermal diffusion, a, high Cooled Engines, National Advisory Committee for
melting points (for most metals), high rates of erosion and Aeronautics, report no. 158, 1922
corrosion of many structural materials , ease of oxidation
and high electrical conductivity. [3]. Schmidt, E., Die Warmeubertrgung durch
Rippen, Zeit. V. D. I., Vol. 70, 1926, pp. 885–889,
Liquid metals form a special class of coolants characterized and 947–951
by an extremely small value for the Prandtl number Pr = v/α
= gcpu/λ of order l0^(-2) to 10^(-3), due to their high
thermal conductivity, λ. The viscosity, p, and specific heat,
C,, of liquid metals is similar to that of gases and non-
metallic liquids, When v < α the molecular transfer of
momentum is considerably less than the molecular transfer
of heat. This leads to the existence of two important physical
effects:

(a) The thickness of the thermal boundary layer is greater

than that of the hydraulic boundary layer, therefore the
influence of molecular thermal conduction is important, not
only in the static layer at the wall of the container but also in
the central turbulent zone.

(b) The rate of diffusion of heat by turbulent transfer is

greater than the rate of momentum transfer.

In the standard formula

where λ, and ,u are the true thermal conductivity and

viscosity respectively and λT and uT the effective values
under conditions of turbulent flow. The coefficient ε is the
reciprocal of the eddy Prandtl number PrT defined by PrT =
gcpuT/λT

For liquid metals E usually has a value less than unity.

Hence in-liquid metals the

Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica – Carrera de Mecánica

30 de Julio del 2020
Ambato, Ecuador
 Articulo presentado en el Seminario de Estructuras Metálicas
Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Civil
12 – 14 Octubre 2016
Ambato, Ecuador