Geología General, S.

Rosas

(from Grotzinger & Jordan 2010) Geología General, S. Rosas

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(from Grotzinger & Jordan 2010) Geología General, S. Rosas

© Corbis Geología General, S. Rosas

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(from Grotzinger & Jordan 2010)
Geología General, S. Rosas

Geología General, S. Rosas

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(de Breitkreuz 2006)
Geología General, S. Rosas

Geología General, S. Rosas

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(from Grotzinger & Jordan 2010) Geología General, S. Rosas

Geología General, S. Rosas

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 Geología General, S. Rosas
(from Grotzinger & Jordan 2010)

Pillow Lavas, Cyprus (Akaki Canyon) Geología General, S. Rosas

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 Mt. St. Helens, USA

Geología General, S. Rosas

Mt. St. Helens, USA

(from Grotzinger & Jordan 2010) Geología General, S. Rosas

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Mt. St. Helens, USA

(from Grotzinger & Jordan 2010) Geología General, S. Rosas

Mt. St. Helens, USAE

(from Grotzinger & Jordan 2010) Geología General, S. Rosas

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Erupción del Monte Spurr en 1981 (de Viramonte 2006) Geología General, S. Rosas

Erupción del Monte Redoubt (Alaska) en 1985 (de Viramonte 2006) Geología General, S. Rosas

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Erupción del Volcán Calbuco
(Chile), abril 2015

Geología General, S. Rosas

(de Viramonte 2006) Geología General, S. Rosas

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 Geología General, S. Rosas

(from Grotzinger & Jordan 2010)

Geología General, S. Rosas

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 Geología General, S. Rosas

(from Grotzinger & Jordan 2010) Geología General, S. Rosas

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(from Grotzinger & Jordan 2010)

Geología General, S. Rosas

Volcán Pucón
(Chile)

Geología General, S. Rosas

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 (a) (b)

(c) (d)
Stages in the evolution of a caldera. (a) Fresh magma fills a magma chamber and
triggers a volcanic eruption of lava and columns of incandescent ash. (b) Eruption of lava
and pyroclastic flows continue, and the magma chamber becomes partly depleted. (c) A
caldera results from the collapse of the mountain summit into the empty chamber. Large
pyroclastic flows ejected from fractures accompany the collapse, blanketing the caldera and
the surrounding area. (d) A lake can form in the caldera. As the residual magma in the
chambers cools, minor eruptive activity continues, with hot springs and gas emissions, and
a small volcanic cone forms in the caldera (from Press & Siever 2000). Geología General, S. Rosas

Geología General, S. Rosas

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(from Grotzinger & Jordan 2010)

Geología General, S. Rosas

(from Grotzinger & Jordan 2010)

Geología General, S. Rosas

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(from Grotzinger & Jordan 2010)

Geología General, S. Rosas

(from Grotzinger & Jordan 2010)

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In a fissure eruption of highly fluid basalt, lava rapidly flows away from
fissures and forms widespread layers, rather than building up into volcanic mountain
(from Press & Siever 2000 and Grotzinger & Jordan 2010).
Geología General, S. Rosas

Lahar de Armero, Colombia, en 1985 (de Alvarado 2006) Geología General, S. Rosas

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Geología General, S. Rosas

Geología General, S. Rosas

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 The active volcanoes of the world are not distributed randomly on
Earth’s surface. About 80 percent occur at boundaries where plates collide, 15 percent
where plates separate, and the remaining few at intraplate hot spots. Convergent
boundaries are shown in blue, divergent boundaries in orange. Black lines are
transform faults. Active volcanoes are marked by red dots (from Press & Siever 2000).
Geología General, S. Rosas

(from Grotzinger & Jordan 2010) Geología General, S. Rosas

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 Geología General, S. Rosas
A cross section of the East Pacific Rise in the South Pacific extending 400 kilometers
from the ridge axis into Pacific Plate on the west and into the Nazca Plate on the east.
Zone of partial melting is shown in orange. The asymmetry, with more melt coming
from the Pacific Plate, has yet to be explained. Black arrows show convective flow
and upwelling in the mantle that drive plates apart and direct the percolation of
magmas into the gap between the separating plates (from Press & Siever 2000).

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