Professional Documents
Culture Documents
- The Telegraph
VISION
Investing in a Monet has always exchange. Creating portfolios and foundation for Maecenas, the
been beyond the reach of most trading shares in masterpieces will world’s first blockchain-based fine
people; purchasing a Rembrandt the be available to everyone. We will art trading platform. This has been
privilege of only a few… until now. convert million-dollar artworks into possible because we have assembled
The opaque world of auction houses smaller digitised financial units that an exceptional team of experts and
and banks, which allows them to can be bought and sold easily — have built crucial relationships with
charge exorbitant fees, has cut off literally at a fraction of the cost. galleries, collectors and
fine art investment from efficient authenticators. Now, with your
modern markets. For the first time, technology will support, we will be able to launch
allow investors, collectors and the platform, nurture this new
But it does not have to be that way. owners to exchange shares in investment network and turn a
paintings and sculptures instantly, centuries-old industry mainstream.
With help from visionaries like you, akin to the way stocks of a company
we can democratise access to fine art are traded today. Plus, top emerging Thanks to its resilience in
by creating a decentralised art artists will have a showcase for their downturns and to its capital
gallery — a truly open platform work, free from the interference of appreciation, fine art has long been
where anyone can own a piece of a middlemen. an attractive multi-billion asset class.
Picasso. We are building a global art
blockchain market where assets are For years, we have been building a Now it will be open to all.
traded quickly and fairly on a liquid secure and robust technology
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REMOVING INTERMEDIARIES
But now blockchain can provide the In other words, it’s nearly will no longer need to have their
foundation for a secure and efficient impossible to know the fair price of funds concentrated in a handful of
market that enables buyers and an artwork because there are no hard-to-sell pieces.
sellers to transact directly without reliable means for investors to assess
intermediaries. An open, agile market sentiment. In other asset Fine art should become a first-class
platform can energise art markets classes, like public company stocks citizen in capital markets and have
and bring millions of investors off or even cryptocurrencies, any rich market data feeds, order books,
the side-lines. investor can tap into historical and indices and even derivatives.
real-time exchange price feeds to The reason auction houses have
We are named after — and inspired build pricing models. dominated and controlled the fine
by — an early patron of the arts. art market for so long can be
Gaius Maecenas helped democratise The fine art industry doesn’t have explained in a single word: TRUST.
art in Ancient Rome by financing any of that. There are no order books
poor poets. We want to be the or exchanges, and historical Lack of information and reliable
modern version of Maecenas information is both scarce and ways of assessing the authenticity of
(pronounced “My-seen-us”) sparse since art pieces are traded so art pieces means that investors deal
ensuring that fine art is available to infrequently. mostly only with centuries-old
everyone and not just the ultra- institutions that are perceived as
wealthy. We will completely remove trustworthy. These institutions act
intermediaries who profit from as intermediaries in almost every art
The lack of innovation within art controlling and manipulating transaction and therefore control the
finance stems from the dominance of information. We will replace market.
old auction houses. The largest — brokers with smart contracts that
Sotheby’s and Christie’s — transparently define auction rules, Blockchains replace traditional
monopolise 80% of the secondary bidding systems and income intermediaries with decentralised
market volume. They present an distribution. networks of trust.
identical fee structure, which can see
art buyers paying up to 25 percent Masterpieces will be traded briskly By connecting artists, collectors and
commission — and sellers are through an open exchange, giving investors directly via an open
charged even more. ii
frequent updates of what the blockchain platform with smart
artworks are really worth. Portfolio contracts, we eliminate the need for
Auction houses also control access managers will be able to price their brokers and art dealers to facilitate a
to information as there is no single positions more accurately and transaction. We replace the need for
art marketplace that provides a diversify their risk by investing in a trust based on reputation with trust
proper price discovery mechanism. range of different art assets. They in the decentralised blockchain.
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“Technology-driven businesses have a estimated US$125 million in 2013 to collectors believe that online art
clear potential to support the emergence an estimated US$505 million in businesses will play an important role
of Art & Finance, through increased 2015 based on 23 art market start- in the art market in the next two to three
liquidity, lower transaction costs and ups.” years, which signals that art
more transparency” stakeholders are increasingly waking
Other findings by the Deloitte Art up to the potential of technology and the
- Deloitte Art & Finance Report 2016 Finance Report 2016 show that the online art market. New innovations,
art market is increasingly more such as the use of blockchain
In recent years, technology receptive to the usage of technology technologies mentioned above, are an
innovation has started to permeate and it anticipates it playing an example of how technology and
into the traditional fine art industry. important role in the next two to innovation could contribute
According to the Deloitte Art three years. It also cites blockchain significantly to the development of the
Finance Report 2016, “increasing technologies as an example of an art and finance industry.”
investment in art market start-ups innovation that could contribute
demonstrates continued confidence significantly to the development of - Deloitte Art & Finance Report 2016
in the growth of the online art and the art and finance industry.
technology industry”. In addition,
“the level of investment in art “73 percent of art professionals (up
industry start-ups increased from an from 53 percent) and 69 percent of
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COMPETITION
Art investors have limited options after it. This is something that most on it for between 5 and 10 years
when it comes to investing in fine art investors are uncomfortable with until they can find suitable buyers
in a secure and trusted way. because they are not qualified art willing to pay a premium for the
Auction houses are perceived as experts. An estimated 90% of buyers pieces. After the last art piece is sold,
being the safest channel, and that is see art as an investment, and nearly the fund is dissolved and investors
reflected in the high fees which half of them would prefer to have finally get their money back, plus
range between 12 percent and 25 exposure to fine art through a any returns. The art fund manager
percent. These auctions are mostly financial vehicle instead of a typically charges investors 2% per
conducted in the traditional way, physical purchase. So the traditional annum of any cash invested plus 20%
and little has changed besides the approaches offered by galleries and of any profits made. This means that
usage of TV monitors to track bids in auction houses leave a huge part of on a ten-year horizon, investors will
addition to calling the bids out loud. the market under-served. lose out on about a fifth of their
investment in commissions, and on
Art galleries and other art dealers One alternative to these two top of that lose another fifth of any
charge lower fees to buyers, in the traditional approaches is to profits made. In other words, there is
range of 6 percent to 10 percent. participate in an art fund. The way no guarantee of making money even
However, these are perceived as less this works is that a qualified art if the art appreciates, and it’s not
trustworthy, and their art selection expert acts as the art fund manager. uncommon to make a loss if the fund
is quite limited. In addition, They identify a collection of art fails to perform as expected.
galleries dictate prices instead of pieces that are of good value and
market participants. have potential to appreciate. The high fees combined with the
Investment from investors is large minimum investment and the
Besides the lack of liquidity, lack of solicited, with a minimum of lack of liquidity (minimum lock-in
transparency and the high fees, both $500,000 typically being required, period of 5 years) makes these art
of these approaches also require and larger ticket sizes being the funds unsuitable for most investors.
having to physically acquire the norm. The art expert then uses the
artwork, store it, manage it and look funds to buy the collection, and sits
DEALING
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There are non-financial blockchain alternatives to invest in art. Arthena, only able to accept accredited
initiatives in the fine art space which based in the US, is one such example, investors due to regulations
don’t have an investment focus. which uses a typical crowd-funding associated with traditional
Instead, they attempt to solve issues approach to create art funds. This investment funds.
around provenance of traditional art new model is proving to be popular
pieces and protection of digital with investors as it reduces the ticket Maecenas, on the other hand,
artworks. A prominent example is size to $10,000 and waives the 2% leverages blockchain technology to
Verisart which provides permanent management fee (although it still fully democratise access to fine art
digital art provenance for actual charges the 20% performance price). investment. By tokenising art, the
artworks that would typically be Although this is definitely an platform converts million-dollar
stored in galleries. Another start-up improvement over traditional art artworks into smaller financial units
is Ascribe, which focuses on funds, this approach still fails to that can be bought and sold easily by
providing a secure way to trace address the fundamental issues of anyone globally through a
digital artworks and control how art investment, namely the lack of transparent crypto-exchange. This
they’re shared. transparency, lack of liquidity, and provides investors with liquidity
most importantly the fact that trust and a much-needed market-driven
But fintech start-ups are beginning is centralised. In addition, Arthena is price discovery mechanism.
to emerge with innovative not a true open platform as they’re
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ART – The currency of the Maecenas operations. It also protects our platform can be leased to
economy. Maecenas itself from any potential museums for exhibitions. The
internal manipulation or insider income generated by this activity is
ART is a digital token that is trading. then distributed proportionally to
required by all Maecenas functions These smart contracts that we’re holders of fractions of paintings or
that are exposed on the blockchain creating, including the Dutch sculptures. This leasing and income
via smart contracts. auction contract, require ART to collection function is also performed
operate. ART is like the fuel of the by smart contracts and therefore
We believe that the art market is in decentralised Maecenas machine. requires ART tokens to work.
desperate need of transparency and Any fiat or crypto amounts being
fairness. Therefore, we’ve decided invested through smart contracts are Besides, as the Maecenas ecosystem
that all sensitive business logic converted to ART first. Having our grows, we anticipate creating
dealing with money or assets will be own token allows us to collect additional income-generating
run on a public and decentralised income from these smart contract processes. Many of these will
blockchain. This ensures that our activities. The utility of these tokens require smart contracts to operate
processes can be publicly audited is that ART can perform different (for the reasons stated above), and
and known upfront. platform functions. ART is required to provide the
In the case of our Dutch auction, utility for this smart contract
The main and most significant ART acts as a clearing and operation.
function of our platform is the Dutch settlement mechanism that
auction. This is the process that Maecenas uses to issue digital shares ART plays a crucial role within
receives bids from investors and of paintings. Maecenas. It provides the utility
issues digital shares of paintings. mechanism which enables our
Running such a critical part of our platform to operate transparently
system on an open and transparent However, the economy of Maecenas and openly in a decentralised space
platform like Ethereum allows the is not limited to just running while at the same time deriving
entire community to scrutinise our auctions. For example, artworks in revenue from those activities.
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1. An art owner decides to sell an artwork on the Maecenas platform, and chooses in which currency to receive
the proceeds. This could be ART tokens, cryptocurrencies or fiat currencies.
2. Investors participate in the auction by submitting ART tokens to the auction smart contract. For those
investors wanting to participate with fiat currencies or other cryptocurrencies, deposits are kept in a per-
investor fully-segregated virtual bank account having a unique IBAN or in a secure multi-sig cold-storage.
3. The Maecenas platform, upon reception of monies, allocates an equivalent amount of ART tokens to the
investor and pledges the tokens on the smart contract on behalf of the investor. Maecenas uses its ART reserve
funds to guarantee liquidity, and converts the submitted funds into ART seamlessly to ensure a good user
experience.
4. When the Dutch auction process finishes, the smart contract proceeds to analyse all bids to determine the final
share price and the amount of shares each successful investor ends up purchasing.
5. The smart contract settles the transaction by issuing artwork crypto-shares to investors. The artwork seller
receives either the ART tokens or the equivalent amount in currency depending on what they chose before the
auction started.
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WORLD-CLASS FINE ART Duchamp, Bacon, Sam Francis, Since this has never been done
Dubuffet, Bourgeois. before, the process required
We have worked very hard to build extensive research and validation
a strong shortlist of flagship carried out over a period of nearly a
artworks that qualify to be listed on LEGAL & COMPLIANCE year. We've covered all top financial
our platform. We now have access to jurisdictions and explored a number
a diverse pipeline of art pieces by One of the challenges that we faced of different financial structures,
blue-chip artists that collectively is when we started defining the weighing all pros and cons for each
worth in excess of one-hundred business model of Maecenas was to approach.
million dollars. This initial lot is an figure out how to structure the art
excellent starting point that will investments in a way that would not The result of this effort is a very
allow us to have good volume and infringe financial regulations, while comprehensive global view of how
traction when we launch. at the same time provide security our blockchain-based art shares
and protection for investors. would fit on each of the top financial
These are some of the names that jurisdictions worldwide, which has
could make it into the initial For that purpose, we engaged allowed us to strike the right balance
collection. numerous art finance experts, law between flexibility and simplicity.
firms and investment professionals
• Impressionist and Modern: worldwide to seek advice and to The diagram below shows a high-
Picasso, Monet, Braque, Pissarro, determine the best legal and level structure for the adopted
Giacometti, Brancusi, Modigliani, financial structure to enable secure model of ownership.
Renoir, Chagall, Munch, Sisley. co-investment in fine art,
underpinned by blockchain
• Post-War and Classical technology.
Contemporary: Warhol, Basquiat,
Lichtenstein, Soulages, Beuys,
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50 REVENUE FORECAST
(IN MILLIONS) $43.72
45
40
35
30
USD (Million)
$24.67
25
20
15
10
$4.67
5
$0.52
0
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
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BUSINESS MODEL
A total of 100,000,000 tokens will be Some collections that we have in the
Our business model is based issued, and they will be allocated in pipeline are Blue-Chip Artists,
primarily on two revenue streams: the following ratios: Contemporary Art, Undervalued
issuance and secondary market. Old Masters, and Rising Emerging
• 30% sold in the crowdsale. Asia.
• Issuance: Artworks listed on • 30% kept as reserve liquidity
Maecenas attract a one-time fund In summary:
issuance fee of 6% which is • 20% allocated to incentivise • Soft cap: US$ 3M (platform
charged to asset owners. partners and client acquisition launch)
Investors participating in • 20% retained by Maecenas • Milestone: US$ 10M
auctions pay a 2% one-off fee. (additional markets)
These fees are charged on settled The crowdsale seeks to collect ETH • Hard cap: US$ 20M (art fund)
transactions only. equivalent to US$ 3 million (soft cap)
which will allow Maecenas to This target prices each ART token at
• Fine Art Exchange: Shares of launch the platform and operate in US$ 0.66. The actual price in ETH
artworks will be tradable on our first market, which is highly will be set a few days before the sale
Maecenas Fine Art Exchange. likely to be Geneva, Switzerland. starts.
It will always be free to sell your
auction-acquired shares, while There is a further milestone of The implementation of these caps
buyers will pay a commission. US$ 10 million which Maecenas aims to achieve a broad, diversified
will use to accelerate growth and distribution.
operate in additional markets in top
art cities worldwide (e.g. New York, ART tokens will be transferrable 7
TOKEN CROWDSALE
London, Paris, Luxembourg, days after the end of the crowdsale.
Shanghai, Hong Kong, Singapore).
The issuance of the ART token will
There is a further stretch goal of
be controlled by a smart contract
US$ 20 million (hard cap) which
deployed on the Ethereum network.
Maecenas will use to create its own
The token will conform to the
art fund of high-grade artworks to be
ERC20 standard.
listed on the platform.
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OUR TEAM
Financial technology expert who has An experienced professional Experienced finance professional
wide-ranging experience in blockchain developer and architect, with over 15 years of experience in
designing and building large-scale with over 15 years of experience in financial markets and corporate
enterprise-grade applications with a architecture and design of secure finance with a strong focus on
focus on investment banking and and highly-available enterprise structured financial transactions.
financial systems. systems.
Juan Dominguez Javier Tamashiro Federico Videla Saul Hudson Marc Garriga
Strategy Compliance Information Communications Marketing
Security
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ADVISORS
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REFERENCES
ihttps://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/lu/Documents/financial-services/artandfinance/lu-art-asset-class-122012.pdf
http://www.christies.com/features/guides/buying-guide/related-information/buyers-premium
ii
http://www.sothebys.com/en/news-video/blogs/all-blogs/sotheby-s-at-large/2016/10/important-update-regarding-sothebys-buyers-
premium.html