Volume 5, Issue 11, November – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Disease Detection from an Image of Skin Lesion-
A Survey Report
Assistant Prof. Atul Kumar, Pankaj Chaudhary, Himanshu Prasad, Yuvraj Patil, Avinash Shah
Dept. of Computer Science and Technology
Parul University
Abstract: - Skin infections are widely considered more
prevalent than different sicknesses. The main reasons for
skin diseases can be a fungal infection, bacteria, viruses,
shingles, hives, allergy, etc. There are various medical
technologies available for example laser therapy, and
advancement in photonics, etc. for the detection of
different skin diseases which provide results in no time
and are very accurate. The real problem arises that these
medical technologies are quite limited and expensive,
everybody cannot afford these types of diagnosis. Because
of the expenses of dermatologists to screen each patient,
there is a requirement for an electronic framework to
assess a patient's danger of skin infection utilizing
pictures of their skin sores caught utilizing a standard
advanced camera. In our proposed work, VGG16, which
is utilized as a component extractor, assumes an
exceptionally pivotal part in assisting with ordering skin
sicknesses. We have proposed a picture preparing based
strategy to distinguish skin sicknesses. This technique
takes a picture of the influenced skin infection territory as
info, at that point, it will separate the key highlights
utilizing channels and removed highlights are then
contrasted and the prepared model(contains datasets of
test pictures) to distinguish the kind of skin sickness. Our
Proposed work is basic, fast, and doesn't need any kind of
expensive gear.
Keywords:- Image Processing, VGG-16, Skin diseases,
Feature Extraction.
I. INTRODUCTION
Skin illnesses are more normal than different infections.
Skin sicknesses might be brought about by a contagious
disease, microbes, sensitivity, or infections, and so forth Skin
sickness may change the surface or shade of the skin injury.
As a rule, skin sicknesses are ongoing, irresistible, and once
in a while may form into skin malignant growth which would
prompt unsavory conditions. Consequently, it is important to
distinguish skin infection at the beginning phase. Aside from
this, the conclusion and treatment of a skin illness takes quite
a while and causes a monetary weight, and comes at an actual
expense to the patient. Infections of the skin are getting
progressively significant and furthermore the one which
needs a gigantic measure of consideration as India has not
been centered enough around this issue. [2] The example of
skin infections in India is affected by the creating economy,
level of proficiency, social backwardness, fluctuated
atmosphere, and industrialization, admittance to essential
IJISRT20NOV056 www.ijisrt.com
medical care, and distinctive strict custom and social
variables. Skin changes are influenced by maturing because
of the progression of time, photograph maturing because of
presentation to the sun [2].
Melanoma is the most fatal sort of skin infection
development that is found in skin illness research.
Disregarding the way that melanoma means a simple 4% of
all skin malignancies, it is answerable for 75% of all skin
illness losses of life [1].
Seborrheic keratosis (SK) is an exceptionally normal
favorable epidermal expansion that is common in all races.
Most generally happening on the storage compartment, face,
scalp, and the furthest points, they can happen anyplace on
the body aside from the palms and soles. The most widely
recognized appearance is that of a shallow verrucous plaque
that seems, by all accounts, to be stuck on a superficial level.
Monster sores are uncommon, and their area in the genital
zone is more extraordinary still [3].
To address the issues brought about by restricted
admittance to experts, particularly in non-industrial nations,
there has been extensive examination zeroing in on creating
mechanized picture investigation frameworks that can
recognize skin infections dependent on dermoscopic pictures.
This work applies AI classifiers to utilize a segment of the
pictures from the dataset for preparing and the remainder of
the pictures, which were not utilized in preparing, to group
the skin infections. Contingent upon the highlights, the
characterization is performed utilizing the VGG16 classifier.
The framework effectively distinguishes 3 unique kinds of
skin illnesses: nevus, melanoma, and seborrheic keratosis.
II. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The objective of our paper is to research in the field of
modern technology of machine learning and deep learning in
the field of Dermatology to identify Skin Disease. Using the
technology we can increase the accuracy for identifying Skin
Disease.
Nowadays, some people are not comfortable with
consulting the Dermatologist for their skin problem, which
results in increasing skin disease and some get spread to other
people also. Our system can help people with self-diagnosis.
The system can help the dermatologist for practicing skin
disease. Diagnoses of the Skin disease can be done in a better
way, with more accuracy, and with more safety.
18
Volume 5, Issue 11, November – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
In the future, we can upgrade it to identify more skin
disease.
III. BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE
The accompanying area is separated into two sections:
Skin infection Image type, and skin illness arrangement
utilizing profound learning based procedure.
A. Clinical and Dermoscopic Images
A clinical picture is supposed to be the picture of the
patient's influenced body part, for example, a physical issue,
skin sore or it might be a demonstrative picture. The picture is
caught with ordinary or an advanced camera. This sort of
picture may have distinctive helping, goal and diverse point
contingent upon the kind of camera used to catch the picture.
For PC supported analysis, dermoscopic pictures are more
helpful. These pictures are delivered utilizing dermoscope,
which is an instrument utilized by dermatologist to break
down the skin injuries. The dermoscope generally has uniform
light and more differentiation. As the gadget has brilliant light,
the injuries and are clear enough for representation and
acknowledgment. Fig.1 (a) presents the dermoscopic picture
and (b) presents the clinical Image.
Fig. 1. (a) Dermoscopic Image (b) Clinical Image
B. Skin Disease Classification utilizing Deep Learning based
Approach
Deep Learning is a crucial portion of AI calculation
enlivened from the perplexing structure, work just as conduct
of a human cerebrum by and commonly referred to as neural
networks. Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) is a class of
profound realizing which is generally utilized for
distinguishing the visual information, for example, pictures
and recordings. With the advancement of CNN, there has been
extraordinary improvement seen to take care of numerous
characterization based issues in clinical picture investigation.
The essential cycle for CNN based skin illness picture order is
introduced in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. CNN based approach of skin disease Classification
IJISRT20NOV056 www.ijisrt.com
ISSN No:-2456-2165
The cycle begins with information procurement.
Contribution to the CNN can be dermoscopic or clinical
picture, which can be preprocessed if necessary then the
following stage is information enlargement. This outcomes in
enough preparing tests to prepare the model. At last the
information is taken care of into the CNN which performs
highlight extraction and grouping by its own. A CNN
ordinarily comprises of convolution layer in which quantities
of channels perform convolution procedure on the picture and
creates highlight maps. These element maps are further down
examined by pooling layers. At last, the completely associated
layer has all the association from past layer and does the order
likewise.
IV. SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
This section presents a survey on approaches used in
reference research papers taken into consideration. The given
table analyzes and illustrates all major aspects of the
classification of skin diseases.
AL Enezi et al. [4] has come up with an approach for the
classification. His proposed approach is basic, quick, and
doesn't require costly hardware other than a camera and a PC.
The methodology takes a shot at the contributions of a shading
picture. At that point resize the picture to separate highlights
utilizing a pre-pre-prepared convolutional neural system. After
that grouped element utilizing Multiclass SVM. At last, the
framework effectively distinguishes 3 unique sorts of skin
ailments with a precision rate of 100%.
Wei, Gan, and Tao Ji et al. [5] had their system works on
three different steps. The first step includes clearance of noise
and disturbances from the image to make it clearer. Then the
efficient method of grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM)
was brought into the work to segment images of various skin
diseases. The positive texture and color features of different
skin disease images could be obtained accurately. In the end,
the system uses the support vector machine to accurately find
out about skin disease. SVM helps the system to perfectly
classify every disease in their respective order. The initial
testing of the system was done for three different skin diseases
namely eczema, herpes, and rubella. In the test, it was found
that 16 out of 20 findings provided approximately accurate
results. In the first step, the image clearance is done using
image rotation and segmentation, the representation of an
image into something more meaningful and easier to analyze.
Mrs. Hajgude et al. [6] proposed a system that uses image
processing with data mining and deep learning technique to
perfectly identify the skin diseases in its early stages only. The
biggest advantage of this system is that it can be used
anywhere by anyone without the need of much apparatus and
knowledge. The input data of the system provides information
about the disease of the patients. Here the most common
technique Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is
implemented as a part of the research area to detect the
affected area of skin. When the system receives the image of
the infected area it directly sends those images to the image
processing unit. The image processing unit based on the image
uses the input data to provide rapid and accurate information
about the disease. The user can directly review the results in
their mobile phones using an application. The initial test was
19
Volume 5, Issue 11, November – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
performed on a group of patients suffering from melanoma,
eczema, and impetigo and the results were 90% accurate.
Yasir, Rahman, et al. [7] made their system was successful
enough to detect 9 out of 10 diseases. The proposed system
showed an accuracy of about 90% in its initial testing phases.
The system also uses different types of image processing
algorithms for feature extraction and feed-forward artificial
neural network for training and testing purposes. The artificial
neural network helps the system help in the early detection of
disease which makes the treatment possible. The scientists
have used their dataset to make the system more precise.
Initial data consists of a total number of 775 skin images for 9
diseases. A backpropagation neural network algorithm has
been applied in the system. This algorithm makes the system
capable enough to learn more about skin diseases from its
experiences.
V. CONCLUSIONS
Skin sicknesses are one of the most well-known illnesses
and can be brought about by numerous reasons like contagious
contamination, microbes, hypersensitivity, or infections, and
so forth As a rule, skin sicknesses are persistent, irresistible,
and at times may form into skin disease which would prompt
undesirable conditions. Thusly it is significant that skin
sickness is recognized at the beginning phase. The profound
learning calculations have immense potential, in reality, skin
infection determination. The creators are centered around
computerizing the cycle of skin sickness ID and arrangement
can be useful and sets aside less effort for determination too.
Various unimportant factors can be decreased through picture
separating, picture turn, and Euclidean separation change
applied in picture preprocessing. Picture Processing with SVM
classifier and CNN classifier. As per the outcome acquired,
the CNN classifier ends up being precise and proficient in
recognizing skin sickness when contrasted with SVM
Classifier, and it very well may be inferred that the strategy for
identification was planned by utilizing a pre-prepared
convolutional neural organization (AlexNet) and SVM. The
framework wherein we have considered has inspected a
picture of tainted human skin and distinguishes the sickness
with an exactness rate from 80% to 90%.
VI. FUTURE WORK
In case of skin disease detection or any other model the
higher the accuracy better the model. So in future we should
try to increase the accuracy of the model. In some disease the
dataset is not proper or contain less number of image which
effects the accuracy. So in future we should try and add more
images and increase our dataset.
IJISRT20NOV056 www.ijisrt.com
ISSN No:-2456-2165
REFERENCES
[1] Codella, N., Cai, J., Abedini, M., Garnavi, A., Halpern,
A., Smith, J.R.: Deep learning, sparse
[2] Masoro EJ, editor. Aging. In: Current Concepts in Aging.
Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1995. p. 3.
[3] The Esthetic Clinic
https://www.theestheticclinic.com/skin/skin-
diseases/nevus.html
[4] [Nawal Soliman ALKolifi ALEnezi, “A Method Of Skin
Disease Detection Using Image Processing And
Machine Learning,” Department of Computer Science
and Engineering, Umm AL-Qura University, Makkah,
Saudi Arabia, Procedia Computer Science 163 (2019)
85–92, 2019.
[5] Li-sheng Wei, Quan Gan, and Tao Ji, “Skin Disease
Recognition Method Based on Image Color and Texture
Features,” Computational and Mathematical Methods in
Medicine 26 August 2018, Volume 2018, Article ID
8145713.
[6] Mrs. Jaayaashree Hajgudea, Aishwaryayra Bhavsar,
Harsha Achara, Nisha Khubchandani, “Skin Disease
Detection Using Image Processing with Data Mining and
Deep Learning,” Department of Information Technology,
VESIT, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Volume. 06, 04
April 2019
[7] Rahat Yasir, Md. Ashiqur Rahman, and Nova Ahmed,
“Dermatological Disease Detection using Image
Processing and Artificial Neural Network,” 8th
International Conference on Electrical and Computer
Engineering 20-22 December 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh,
20-22 Dec 2014.
[8] Sourav Kumar Patnaik, Manser Singh Sidhu, Yaagyanika
Gehlot, Bhairvi Sharma, and P. Muthu, “Automated Skin
Disease Identification using Deep Learning Algorithm,”
Department of biomedical engineering, SRM institute of
science and technology, Chennai, 2018.
[9] Nisha Yadav, Virender Kumar Narang, Utpal
Shrivastava, “Skin Diseases Detection Models using
Image Processing”, International Journal of Computer
Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 137 – No.12, March
2016.
[10] Er.Shrinidhi Gandhi, Ansari Nausheen, Ansari Zoya,
Shaikh Ruhin, “An Innovative Approach for Skin
Disease Detection Using Image Processing and Data
Mining”, “International Journal of Innovative Research
in Computer and Communication Engineering
(IJIRCCE)”, April 2017.
20