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42ikeuchi PDF
42ikeuchi PDF
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The other type is the one in inland shallow area Various policies have been executed on the basis
that strain energy is accumulated by deformation of past experience. The CDMC has estimated
of inland plate resulted from plate’s sinking in the damage of earthquake and some
and the energy is released by the disruption of countermeasures are proposed for the large-scale
underground fault. The typical example of this earthquakes in the next few decades, such as the
kind of earthquake was the Hyogoken Nambu Tokai Earthquake, Tonankai and Nankai
Earthquake in 1995, the Niigataken Chuetsu Earthquake, Earthquakes around the Japan and
Earthquake in 2004, and the Noto Hanto Chishima Trenches, and Tokyo Metropolitan
Earthquake in 2007. Earthquakes. Figure 2 shows the location of
four large-scale earthquakes above mentioned.
The outline of countermeasures and so on
North against these earthquakes is following below.
American
Plate
Eurasian Plate Chishima trough
h
1. Tokai
ug
tro
J
a Pacific
a
Plate
m
Tokyo p
hi
a
s
hi
n
C
t 2. Tonankai-
r
o Nankai 3. Japan
Philippine u and
Japan
trough
Sea Plate g
h Chishima
trench
gh 4. Tokyo
ou
ai tr Metropolitan
Fig.1 Plates around Japan nk
Na
Kyoto
Fig.3 Flow of planning countermeasures Shikoku
Source Region
against large-scale earthquakes :
of Earthquakes
Suruga Trough
3.2 Countermeasures for Tokai Earthquake Nankai Trough
Nankai Area Tonankai Area
Figure 4 shows the time history and location 1605 1605 Keicho Earthquake (M7.9)
relating to the Tokai, the Tonankai and Nankai 102 years
1707 1707 Hoei Earthquake (M8.4)
Earthquake. After the Ansei-Tokai Earthquake
in 1854, strain on the earth’s crust along Suruga 32 hours 147 years
1854 Ansei-Tokai Earthquake (M8.4)
Trough has been building up ever since, 1854
1854 Ansei-Nankai Earthquake (M8.4)
approximately 150 years. Therefore, it is 2 years 90 years
1944 Tonankai Earthquake (M7.9)
1944 153years
believed that there is a high possibility of the 1946
blank Death / Missing 1,223
1946 Nankai Earthquake(M8.0)
Tokai Earthquake occurring. 2007
?
Tokai Death 1,330
Earthquake?
Under the Act on Special Measures for
Large-Scale Earthquake, the mitigation for Fig.4 Time history and location relating to
disaster damage is aimed by designating the Tokai, Tonankai and Nankai Earthquake
areas for intensified measures against the
earthquake in advance, where the observation
system has been reinforced and earthquake As for the ‘Tokai Earthquake Disaster Reduction
response system in the case of a prediction Strategy,’ the goal to halve the estimated death
report being announced has been developed for toll and economic loss in the next decade is set.
the large-scale earthquake with a possibility of
being predicted just before it occurs. The CDMC also formulated the ‘Guidelines for
Tokai Earthquake Emergency Response
The Tokai Earthquake is the only one at present Activities,” and the activities of each disaster
management related organization were Under the act, promoted area to advance the
determined to execute rapid and proper countermeasure for reduction of damage is
emergency response activities in terms of each designated and the set-up of the plan including
level, such as at the time of caution information, the evacuation measure from tsunami and the
warning declaration and disaster occurrence. arrangement of the facilities including
Furthermore, a detailed plan of action was observation site are regulated.
decided to designate the content of concrete
activities for emergency operations such as It is said that the maximum risk of death may be
search and rescue, firefighting and medical approximately 18,000, of which about 8,600
activities, procurement of material, and may be attributable to tsunamis. Total number
transportation activities. In this detailed plan, of collapse or burned houses of 360 thousand
two types of plan are made; one is predictive and a maximum economic loss of 57 trillion JPY
type when the prepared activities would be is estimated at the worst case when it occurs.
finished between the warning declaration and
occurrence of earthquake, and the other is The general measures, the disaster reduction
sudden type when no warning declaration is strategy and the guidelines for emergency
made and the earthquake occurs suddenly. response activities are decided. Concrete plan
for activities were shown in the Secretary
Start of emergency response after grasping the Organization of the CDMC in March, 2007.
damage situation will be late when big disaster
happens. For the Tokai Earthquake, in advance, 3.4 Countermeasures for Trench-type
that is, before disaster, the concrete and detailed Earthquakes in the Vicinity of the Japan and
plan of activity including the contents and Chishima Trenches
volume of dispatch and material are set on the There have been many large-scale earthquakes
result of damage estimate to cope with that. of magnitude 7 or 8 scale with plate’s sinking
Just after big disaster, preparing dispatch and occurring in the vicinity of the Japan Trench,
procurement of material is started on the basis of extending in the oceanic areas from off of
this plan, and emergency response about rescue eastern Chiba to Sanriku, and in the vicinity of
and medical activity is executed. Activity the Chishima Trench, extending from the areas
content will be amended after obtaining off Sanrinku, Tokachi and Etrofu Island. There
information. are many damages of tsunami, such as the Meiji
Sanriku Earthquake in 1896 with casualties of
3.3 Countermeasures for Tonankai and Nankai 22 thousand and the Syowa-Sanriku Earthquake
Earthquake in 1933 with 3 thousands of death or missing
The Tonankai and Nankai Earthquakes with a people.
magnitude of 8 or so have occurred at intervals
of 100 to 150 years as well as the Tokai There are many type of earthquakes occurred in
Earthquake. Most recently, it occurred in 1944 the vicinity of plates or inside the plate. Also,
and 1946 respectively, and it is anticipated that so-called ‘tsunami earthquake’ which did not
the next ones will occur in the first half of this have so heavy tremor but bring much damage by
century. tsunami happened. The Miyagiken-oki
Earthquake is said to occur at intervals of
Large damage over the wide area is predicted approximately 40 years and imminence of
heavy tremor and big tsunami in the Tonankai earthquake occurrence is pointed out in this
and Nankai Earthquake. ‘Act on Special area.
Measures for Promotion of Tonankai and Nankai
Earthquake Disaster Management’ was It is said that the maximum risk of death may be
regulated to advance the countermeasure for approximately 2,700 in the type of the Meiji
disaster management steadily. Sanriku Earthquake, total number of collapse or
burned houses of 21 thousand and a maximum
economic loss of 1.3 trillion JPY is estimated in set through upgrade of seismic resistance of
the type of the Miyagiken-oki Earthquake. The houses and buildings, fix of household furniture,
general measures for this earthquake focusing improvement of densely populated urban area,
on issues such as the promotion of tsunami nourishment of voluntary disaster management
disaster countermeasures, the construction of organization, reinforcement of transportation
towns capable of withstanding tremors and facilities and promotion of tackling business
addressing problems unique to snowy and cold continuity.
areas, is decided. In addition, the guidelines
for emergency response activities are decided.
for each entity’s countermeasure in all of stages, Improve primary fire control ratio
from prevention stage to post-earthquake stage. Measures for steep slope failure
In metropolitan area, the core functions such as
【Disaster Reduction Objective】
government, administration, business are highly Reduce economic loss by 40% within next 10 years
accumulated and a number of buildings and ・Wind 15m/s Approx. 112 → 70 trillion JPY
・Wind 3m/s Approx. 94 → 60 trillion JPY
population are concentrated. To secure the
continuity of capital functions such as politics, Business continuities by companies