TUGAS KLIPING

Disusun Oleh :

Nama : ELLA DESTIANI

Kelas : IX B

DINAS PENDIDIKAN KABUPATEN BANGKA

SMP NEGERI 1 BAKAM
2016
 Will Indonesia Be Ready for the Next Tsunami?
Ten years after catastrophic waves lashed Sumatra, Indonesia has rebuilt. But the risk of another
devastating tsunami is high.

By Tim Folger, for National Geographic

Ten years ago, one of the deadliest natural disasters in history killed 227,898 people in 14
countries around the Indian Oceannearly 170,000 of them in Indonesia.

It began on the morning of December 26, 2004, about 150 miles (240 kilometers) off the west
coast of Sumatra, when a magnitude 9.1 earthquakethe third largest since 1900ruptured the
ocean floor. Within eight minutes the fracture spanned 700 miles (1,127 kilometers), releasing
23,000 times more energy than the atomic bomb that destroyed Nagasaki, Japan. Parts of the
seabed shifted 30 feet (9 meters) to the west-southwest.

But that was not the worst of it. Some segments of the fault also surged upward by tens of feet,
and they lifted the whole column of seawater above them. At the sea surface, that set in motion a
wavea tsunami that traveled around the Indian Ocean. When it hit Sumatra, it was 100 feet (30
meters) high along parts of the northwest coast.

It was the tsunami that did the killing.

When the next tsunami strikes the Indian Oceanand scientists are certain that another large one
is inevitable, probably within the next few decadeswill the region fare any better?
 Three
months after the tsunami, the reconstruction of Banda Aceh had barely begin. Here a man looks
for scrap metal in the debris.

Looking Back

Hardest hit on that terrible day ten years ago was the Indonesian city of Banda Aceh, on Sumatra's
northern tip. More than 60,000 of its 264,000 residents perishedabout 35 percent of the total
lost in Indonesia. (Read more about the Indonesian and Japanese tsunamis.)

Vivi Yanti, an English teacher in the city, remembers the water as being warm, black, oily, and
filled with debris. In streets jammed with fleeing people, Yanti glimpsed a woman running,
holding the hand of a little boy, banging on the windows of passing cars, begging for a ride. No
one stopped. "I escaped by riding with my uncle on the back of his motorcycle," says Yanti. "I
remember looking back, and at first I didn't know what I was seeingthe water was carrying a
big ship down the street. I told my uncle, 'Drive faster.'"

Ten years later Banda Aceh has been rebuilt, and its population has climbed back to 250,000,
almost what it was before the disaster. With smooth new highways and vibrant late-night cafs,
the city has been transformed. Aside from a number of immaculately groomed mass graves, and a
few intentional reminders of the disastersuch as the presence of a large ship marooned in a city
parkmost signs of the tsunami's damage have been erased.

Like other countries ravaged by the 2004 tsunami, Indonesia is now linked to a tsunami detection
system in the Indian Ocean. Once an earthquake has occurred, that system of seafloor sensors and
surface buoys relays signals via satellite to government warning centers around the world, alerting
them that a tsunami might be on the way.
A decade ago such detectors existed only in the Pacific. Had they been deployed in the Indian
Ocean in 2004, some of the 51,000 people who died in Sri Lanka and India would have been
spared: The tsunami took two hours to cross the Indian Ocean, and timely warningsor any
warning at allwould have saved thousands of lives.

But Indonesiathe fourth most populous country in the worldis in a less fortunate situation. It
borders a number of dangerous seismic faults, especially a long, arcing one called the Sunda
megathrust, which parallels the islands of Sumatra and Java. The 2004 tsunami that began on that
fault struck the Sumatran coast within 30 minutes of the earthquake. Even with a near
instantaneous tsunami alert, many residents wouldn't have had enough time to reach high ground.

Faced with such an unforgiving margin between life and death, Indonesia has struggled to
improve public awareness and preparedness. A handful of evacuation sheltersthree- or four-
story buildings, some of them with open ground floors to let the wave pass throughhave been
built in Banda Aceh and other threatened cities. There's a network of sirens to warn residents that
a tsunami is imminent.

But much remains to be done, as the response to a recent earthquake made painfully evident.

Many locals attribute the survival of the Rahmatullah mosque, on the outskirts of Banda Aceh, to
divine interventionbut the mosque's open ground floor may have helped, by allowing the
tsunami to wash through. Nine days after the disaster, a U.S. Marines helicopter delivers supplies.

A Practice Run Goes Badly

On April 11, 2012, when a magnitude 8.6 earthquake struck Banda Aceh, Indonesia's National
Tsunami Warning Center issued a tsunami alert within five minutes of the first tremors. The
nation's early warning system worked perfectly, but the local response to the alert does not bode
well for future disasters. Officials in Banda Aceh had failed to establish clear emergency
guidelines for the city. Although the earthquake didn't generate a tsunamithe plates along the
fault in this case slipped horizontally, not violently upwardpeople with horrific firsthand
experience expected one, and panicked.

"The conditions were totally chaotic," says Syarifah Marlina Al Mazhir, a lifelong resident of
Banda Aceh who worked for the Red Cross during the 2004 tsunami. "Instead of evacuating to
safe areas, people were going home or picking up the kids at school, which created traffic jams."

Even worse, she says, the staff responsible for operating the tsunami sirens fled, and the city's
three multi-story tsunami shelters were locked.

"In Banda Aceh everything became paralyzed very quickly," says Tom Alcedo, the head of the
American Red Cross in Indonesia. "Roads to high ground got choked. All those people in their
cars would have been swept away. It was a wake-up call."
Ardito Kodijat, the director of the Indian Ocean Tsunami Information Center in Jakarta, says
Banda Aceh and other coastal cities in Indonesia need to establish well-marked evacuation routes
and conduct regular tsunami drills. Many people in Banda Aceh, he says, didn't know that
evacuation centers had been built. Others, having witnessed the ferocity of the 2004 tsunami,
thought the structures would be unsafe, and tried to escape inland instead. "The people could have
been much better prepared if there had been clear and strong guidance from the local
government," says Kodijat.

Banda Aceh, though, is probably not the most threatened of Indonesia's cities. "The shoe dropped
there already," says Brian Atwater, a geologist with the U.S. Geological Survey. "It's not at all
clear how often earthquakes repeat, and whether the fault that broke in 2004 spent everything it
had on that earthquake, or whether there's something left in the bank. In the meantime, you have
plenty of other places with poorly understood hazards. Padang is a next-shoe-drop kind of place."

Geological evidence of past tsunamis suggest that the segment of the Sunda megathrust that lies
off Padang, a city of one million on Sumatra's west coast, may be overdue for an earthquake.
Government officials in Indonesia and Padang are aware of the risk. As in Banda Aceh,
evacuation routes have been planned and emergency shelters built.

But in Indonesia and other countries along the rim of the Indian Ocean, such measures may be
insufficient to protect the hundreds of millions of people who live along the coasts. Even with the
best warning systems and evacuation plans, there are simply too many people in harm's way. In
Southeast Asia alone, more than ten million people live within a mile of the coast. Short of
moving Banda Aceh, Padang, and every other threatened coastal city miles inland, there's no fail-
safe defense against future tsunamis.

Kerry Sieh, a geologist at Nanyang Technological University's Earth Observatory in Singapore,

has spent more than 20 years studying the faults around Sumatra. Geologists like Sieh can tell us
when earthquakes have occurred in the past, and when and where they're likely to occur in the
future. While they can't tell us exactly when to run, they can say with certainty that many of us are
living in dangerous places.

Given the sheer numbers of lives at risk, Sieh says, there is only so much governments can do,
especially in poor countries like Indonesia, to prevent catastrophic losses from the inevitable
future tsunamis. "Is good work being done?" Sieh asks. "Yes. There are people trying to educate;
there are people trying to build vertical evacuation structures. But will it solve even 10 percent of
the problem? I have my doubts."

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/12/141226-tsunami-indonesia-catastrophe-banda-
aceh-warning-science
 Nepal earthquake: Dozens die in new tremor near
Everest
A major earthquake has struck eastern Nepal, near Mount Everest, two weeks after more than
8,000 people died in a devastating quake.

At least 48 people have been killed and more than 1,000 injured, officials say. At least 17 have
also died in India.

Quake damage on Tuesday in Sankhu, 10km east of the capital

The latest earthquake hit near the town of Namche Bazaar and sent thousands of panicked
residents on to the streets of Nepal's capital, Kathmandu.

It had a magnitude of 7.3, compared with the 7.8 of the 25 April quake.

The latest quake struck at 12:35 Nepali time (06:50 GMT) and was centred about 76km (47 miles)
east of Kathmandu, in a rural area close to the Chinese border.

The quake was felt in northern India, Tibet and Bangladesh. India's home ministry said 16 people
had been killed in the state of Bihar, and one more in Uttar Pradesh. Officials in China said one
person was confirmed dead in Tibet.

Nepal quake as it happened

Read eyewitnesses' account of the earthquake

Rescue helicopters have been sent to districts east of Kathmandu that are believed to be worst hit.
Police in Charikot, 80km north-east of the capital, said 20 people had died there.

Later on Tuesday, the US military said a Marine Corps helicopter involved in disaster relief
efforts had gone missing while working in the vicinity of Charikot. Eight people were on board.

A spokesman for Nepal's government told the BBC that 31 of the country's 75 districts had been
affected by the latest quake.

More buildings were brought down in Kathmandu following the damage of the 25 April quake

Prime Minister Sushil Koirala called for "courage and patience" and urged all those who had
assisted Nepal since the 25 April quake "to once again extend your helping hand".

The BBC's Yogita Limaye, who was in Nepal's mountains when the latest earthquake struck, said:
"The earth shook and it shook for a pretty long time.

"I can completely understand the sense of panic. We have been seeing tremors - it's been two-and-
a-half weeks since the first quake. But this one really felt like it went on for a really long time.
People have been terrified."

At least four people were killed in the town of Chautara, east of Kathmandu, where a number of
buildings are reported to have collapsed.

The International Organisation for Migration said bodies were being pulled from rubble there.

Krishna Gyawali, the chief district officer for Chautara, said there had been a number of
landslides.
Landslides were also reported by Save the Children in Sindhupalchok and Dolakha. A
spokeswoman told the BBC its staff had been "dodging huge rocks rolling off the hillside".

Home Minister Bam Dev Gautam said: "Many houses have collapsed in Dolakha... there is a
chance that the number of dead from the district will go up."

The BBC's Navin Singh Khadka says the new earthquake has brought down more houses and
lodges in the Everest region but that local officials report very few tourists are still in the area
following the 25 April quake.

A nurse in Namche Bazaar, Rhita Doma Sherpa, told Reuters: "The school building is cracked and
bits of it, I can see, they have collapsed. It was lunchtime. All the kids were outside."

The latest quake struck at a depth of 15km (9.3 miles), according to the US Geological Survey -
the same depth as the April quake. Shallow tremors are more likely to cause greater damage at the
surface.

Tuesday's earthquake is likely to be one of the largest to hit Nepal, which has suffered hundreds of
aftershocks since 25 April.

The 7.3 quake was followed by six aftershocks of magnitude 5.0 or higher.

One tremor that hit 30 minutes later, centred on the district of Ramechhap, east of Kathmandu,
had a magnitude of 6.3.

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32701385
After heavy rain, floods hit parts of Jakarta

Hasnaeni Moein, who wants to contest the Jakarta gubernatorial election, poses in her inundated
house on Jl. Kemang V, Pancoran district in South Jakarta. The heavy rain since Wednesday
evening caused flooding in parts of the capital city on Thursday. (Warta Kota via
tribunnews.com/Bintang Pradewo )

Heavy rains that hit Jakarta and its upper areas, like Depok, Bogor and Tangerang, have caused
flooding in many places across the capital city on Thursday, expelling hundreds of people from
their houses and cutting road access in a number of places.

According to the Jakarta city Disaster Management Agencys monitoring center, residents in 13
districts, 20 subdistricts, 48 community units and 90 neighborhood units were affected by
flooding.

As an example, flooding had woken up residents of Gedong subdistrict, Pasar Rebo, East Jakarta
as rainwater entered their houses early Thursday.

Febian, one of the residents, said it was the worst flooding he'd seen for five years. The heavy
rain hit the area at about 4 a.m. The water entered my house a half hour after. All my furniture
was inundated. It was the worst in the last five years, said Febian as reported by tribunnews.com
on Thursday.

The flooding also inundated junior high school SMP 257 on Jl. Kelurhan Rambutan Ciracas and
Jl. Raya Centex Ciracas with water levels of between 20 and 40 centimeters.
Other places in East Jakarta affected by the flooding were Makasar, Kramajati and Jatinegara
districts. The worst area was Cipinang Melayu in Makasar district where water levels reached 180
centimeters high.

Meanwhile, in South Jakarta, floods with water levels of between 30 and 100 centimeters hit
Jagakarsa, Pasar Minggu, Pancoran and Tebet districts.

A resident reported to @TMCPoldaMetro, a Jakarta Police Twitter account, that Jl. Kemang Utara
IX was inundated and the vehicles had to find alternate roads. The flooding in Kemang Timur had
also inundated elementary school SDN Bangka 03 and the Pondok Karya Tendean housing
complex.

In West Jakarta, the floods affected the Rawa Buaya subdistrict in the Cengkareng district.

In Central Jakarta, Jl. Gunung Sahari and Jl. Bungur Raya were also inundated. Floods also hit the
Gambir subdistrict.

In response to the Thursdays flooding, Jakarta Governor Basuki Ahok Tjahaja Purnama said he
would continue to evict some illegal residents to allow his administration to continue its flood
mitigation projects.

He said the flooding was caused by some buildings around the Krukut and Pessanggrahan rivers
in South Jakarta that have blocked the waterways. Originally, the Pesanggrahan Rivers width
was about 60 meters, but now it is only between 5 and 15 meters. I should widen the river and
move people who live around the river, Ahok said at City Hall on Thursday.

But the evictions will be conducted after the number of low-cost apartment towers are finished
being built, said Ahok, adding that in May hundreds of apartments would be ready to be occupied.
(bbn)

http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/04/21/after-heavy-rain-floods-hit-parts-of-jakarta.html
 See Three Volcanoes Erupt at the Same Time
Indonesia's Sinabung, Rinjani, and Gamalama mountains have all erupted in the past few days,
sending great clouds of ash into the sky and disrupting travel.

Olympic soccer players aren't the only ones to log a hat trick this week: Indonesia has three
volcanoes erupting at once.

Thousands of people have been evacuated, particularly around Sinabung, which has coated
surrounding areas in a blanket of ash. So far this year, at least 13,000 people have been evacuated
out of Indonesia's 250 million population due to volcanoes, with many of those from around
Sinabung.

The eruptions were not unexpected and were presaged by earthquakes, which often occur as
magma moves under the ground.

Airports in Ternate and Lombok have been closed due to ash in the air, which can pose a hazard
for aircraft.
The country is located along the geologically active Ring of Fire and is home to about 130 active
volcanoes. Three of those have been rumbling and spewing ash this week, including Mounts
Sinabung, Gamalama, and Rinjani.

Although no deaths have been reported, airports have been closed and travel has been disrupted,
including for those headed for the popular vacation spot Bali. Mount Rinjani is located on
Lombok Island near Bali, Sinabung is on Sumatra, and Gamalama is in the Moluccas chain of
islands. (See our all-time favorite volcano pictures.)

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/08/indonesia-volcanoes-rinjani-sinabung-gamalama/