International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 4 Issue 6, September-October 2020 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Explore the Knowledge and Impact on Dysmenorrhea

among Nursing Students of Selected College
Pooja Jaswal1, Pabalpreet Kaur2, Dr. (Mrs) Jyoti Sarin3
1Assistant Professor, Department of Community Health Nursing, 2Nursing Tutor, 3Director-Principal,
1,2,3M.M College of Nursing, Mullana, Haryana, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Pooja Jaswal |

Dysmenorrhea is defined as difficult menstrual flow or painful menstruation. Pabalpreet Kaur | Dr. (Mrs) Jyoti Sarin
It is an ordinary gynecological problem among adolescent ladies which is "Explore the Knowledge and Impact on
severe enough to keep them from functioning at home, college or work place Dysmenorrhea among Nursing Students
for a day or a two every month. of Selected College"
Published in
Objective: To assess the knowledge and impact of dysmenorrhea among
International Journal
nursing students
of Trend in Scientific
Material & Method : A descriptive study was carried out among 201 nursing Research and
students selected by purposive technique at M.M university, ambala Haryana Development (ijtsrd),
by using structured knowledge questionnaire(KR 20= 0.72) and impact rating ISSN: 2456-6470, IJTSRD33446
scale(chron α= 0.87) respectively from January 2016 to February 2017. Volume-4 | Issue-6,
October 2020, pp.1285-1289, URL:
Result: Most of students were of 19 to 21 yrs in age and 95% were unmarried.
www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33446.pdf
78.6% received knowledge of dysmenorria from mothers. 100% students
experienced dysmenorria in which 87.6% had regular cycle, 51.7% felt
Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and
intermittent pain. Majority (57.2%) have good knowledge regarding
International Journal of Trend in Scientific
dysmenorria and mildly affected by it followed by 41.3% are moderately
Research and Development Journal. This
affected by dysmenorria. age, course of study and marital status are
is an Open Access article distributed
significantly associated with knowledge regarding dysmenorrhea whereas
under the terms of
level of pain and measures to relieve dysmenorria is significantly associated
the Creative
with impact of dysmenorrhea.
Commons Attribution
Conclusion: Formal, informal and special mass media educational License (CC BY 4.0)
programmes may be taken to educate the girls on dysmenorria and measures (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
to relieve .community health nurse and school health nurse need to concerned
about it.

KEYWORDS: Dysmenorrhea, Nursing students

INTRODUCTION
Dysmenorrhea is extract from the Greek word, “dys” means
difficult or painful, “meno” means month and “rrhea” means
flows. Dysmenorrhea is defined as difficult menstrual flow or
painful mensturation. It is an ordinary gynecological
problem among adolescent ladies which is severe enough to
keep them from functioning at home, college or work place
for a day or a two every month. Dysmenorrhea is
characterized into two that is primary or spasmodic and
secondary or congestive. Primary Dysmenorrhea arises
when the menstrual pain is not related to any macroscopic
pelvic pathology and having the normal ovulatory cycle.
Although the exact cause of the primary Dysmenorrhea is
not known. This condition is mainly seen in the adolescence
population1. Although the etiology of primary Dysmenorrhea
is not completely understood symptoms are generally
associated with increase the production of prostaglandins in
the endometrium with menses, and approximately 80% of
patients can experience pain relief by taking prostaglandins
inhibitors including proponics and phenamates2
A variety of physiological environmental and behavioral
factors are reported to influence Dysmenorrhea. The
confounding factors that have been referred frequently
include early menarche, younger age, low BMI, prolonged or
aberrant menstrual flow, pre- menstrual somatic complaints,
somatization, psychological disturbances, pelvic infections
and smoking3. Dysmenorrhea can decrease productivity,
creativity and work performance due to serious daily stress
and social and economic loss. Beginning a few hours
preceding immediately after Mensturation, Dysmenorrhea
typically last 48-72 hours and include symptoms such as
lower abdominal cramps, back pain, nausea, vomiting,loss of
appetite, fatigue and nervousness.4
The prevalence of Dysmenorrhea among adolescence varies
country to country. Various studies in India revels that the
prevalence of Dysmenorrhea varies from 33% -77.67%,
however the true incidence and prevalence of the
Dysmenorrhea are not clearly establishing in India.5 A study
conducted to find the incidence of Dysmenorrhea among
1648 adolescent girls in selected institute of Karnataka. In
that the incidence of Dysmenenorrhea found to be 87%, of
these 46.69% have severe pain during Mensturation. Among
those 63% of girls experiences Dysmenorrhea before the
onset of bleeding and 37% experience after the onset of
bleeding6.

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
A study was conducted on menstrual knowledge, primary
Dysmenorrhea and evaluated level of pain and treatment
modalities among adolescent girls in Nigeria. The knowledge
and practice of 150 randomly selected healthy Nigerian
adolescent girls were studied. The findings revealed that the
level of knowledge of adolescence is less regarding
menstruation and Dysmenorrhea. There is a need for
education and school nurses should be able to assist the
7
adolescence in management of primary Dysmenorrhea.
A descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the types and
frequency of problems related to menstruation and the effect
of these problems on daily routine among 198 adolescent
girls in New Delhi. Data was collected by personal interview.
Results showed that 67 were suffering from Dysmenorrhea
and daily routine of 60 girls was affected due to bed rest and
decrease the appetite, 18% had to miss a class and 25% had
to abstain from the work8.
From the above studies and statistical report it is showed
that adolescent girl and women do not have sufficient
knowledge regarding Dysmenorrhea and its management
and Dysmenorrhea shows an impact on their daily activities.
Aim of the study is to assess the knowledge regarding
Dysmenorrhea and its impact on Nursing girl students in
selected college of Ambala.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
This descriptive survey design is used to assess knowledge
and impact on dysmenorrhea among nursing students. The
study was conducted at M.M college of nursing, M.M
university Ambala district, Haryana by convenience
sampling. The study participants were selected by purposive
sampling technique with sample size of 201 student nurses.
Ethical consideration was taken from M.M university
institutional ethical committee. Written informed consent
was also obtained from all the participants before starting
the study. Knowledge on dysmenorrhea was assessed using
structured knowledge questionnaire which includes 24
multiple choice items covering content of introduction,
definition, sign & symptoms, causes, types & management of
dysmenorrhea with maximum possible score of 24. Impact of
dysmenorrhea was assessed by using 20 statement impact
ratting scale which was scored as mildly affected (0),
moderately affected (1) and severely affected (2). Both were
validated by 7 experts from the various nursing fields.
After Formal administrative approval from the principal of
M.M college, mullana ambala was taken, introduction to self
and nature of study was explained to the nursing students
and were assured about the confidentiality of their
responses after establishment of rapport, tool for knowledge
questionnaire and impact rating scale was administered.
Data were entered into Microsoft excel 2009 and analysed
using SPSS 17.0 version. Categorical data are present as
mean (SD) or median based on distribution of data,
statistical analysis was performed by using chi square and
for coefficient of correlation categorical variables. P value of
0.05 was considered significant

RESULT
This study was descriptive survey design conducted at selected area of Ambala among the nursing students with a view to
assess the knowledge and impact of dysmenorrhea. A total of 201 nursing students were administered with knowledge
questionnaire and impact rating scale.

TABLE 1 Distribution of the respondents according to socio demographic characteristics

SELECTED VARIABLE FREQUENCY (f) PERCENTAGE (%)

1. Age
a. 16-18 Yrs 35 17.4
b. 19-21 Yrs 121 60.2
c. 22-24 Yrs 37 18.4
d. 25-28 Yrs 8 4.0
2. Course of Study
a. B.Sc. Nursing 158 78.6
b. Post Basic B.Sc. Nursing 43 21.4
3. Year of Study
a. 1st Year 76 37.8
b. 2nd Year 71 35.3
c. 3rd Year 54 26.9
4. Weight
a. 35-50 Kg 105 52.2
b. 51-65 Kg 76 37.8
c. 66-80 Kg 20 10.0
5. Education of mother
a. Non literate 11 5.5
b. Primary 54 26.9
c. Secondary 84 41.8
d. Graduate 52 25.9
6. Type of Family
a. Nuclear 150 74.6
b. Joint 51 25.4

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
7. Marital Status
a. Married 10 5.0
b. Unmarried 191 95.0
8. Dietary Habits
a. Vegetarian 134 66.7
b. Non-Vegetarian 50 24.9
c. Eggetarian 17 8.5
9. Residence
a. Hosteller 107 53.2
b. Day Scholar 87 43.3
c. Rent/P.G 7 3.5
10. Age at Menarche
a. <11Years 3 1.5
b. 11-12 Years 37 18.4
c. 13-14 Years 117 58.2
d. >14 Years 44 21.9
11. Duration of Menstruation
a. 1-2 Days 11 5.5
b. 3-4 Days 116 57.7
c. 5-6 Days 74 36.8
12. Source of Information
a. Friends 28 13.9
b. Mother 158 78.6
c. Sibling 11 5.5
d. Other 4 2.0
14. Regularity of Cycle
a. Regular 176 87.6
b. Irregular 25 12.4
14.1 If Irregular in days
a. Twice a Month 6
b. After 40 days 19 24
15. Onset of Dysmenorrhea
a. Before Mensturation 58 28.9
b. With onset of Mensturation 126 62.7
c. After 24 hours of Mensturation 17 8.5
16. Number of soaked pads changed per day
a. < 2 pad 29 14.4
b. 2-3 pads 118 58.7
c. 4-5 pads 47 23.4
d. > 5 Pads 7 3.5
17. Type of pain
a. Continue pain 60 29.9
b. Intermittent pain 104 51.7
c. Radiating pain 37 18.4
18. Level of Pain
a. 2 24 11.9
b. 4 63 31.3
c. 6 62 30.8
d. 8 33 16.4
e. 10 19 9.5
19. Measures you taken to relieve Dysmenorrhea
a. Hot Application 48 23.9
b. Rest 110 54.7
c. Drugs 34 16.9
d. Other 9 4.5

Study result reveals 57.2% were having good knowledge where as 34.8% have very good knowledge and 8% got poor
knowledge regarding dysmenorrheal and its management also the mean knowledge score was 13.76±2.96 along with median
14.

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470

knowledge distribution among nursing

students regarding dysmenorria

good knowledge
very good knowledge
poor knowledge

Figure 2: Area Wise Mean Percentage Score of knowledge Regarding Dysmenorrhea 0f nursing students

Area wise mean percentage of knowledge

regarding dysmenorria
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Introduction Definition and Causes Types Management
sign and
symptoms

Result also shows that in terms of dysmenorrhea among nursing students 116 were mildly affected 83 students were
moderately affected and 2 students were severely affected.

Distribution of Nursing students in terms

of Impact Regarding Dysmenorrhea

41.3% moderately affected

severly affected
57.7%
mildly affected

1.0%

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
The mean and standard deviation of impact score of student
regarding dysmenorrhea were 17.95± 5021 along with
median 18.
association of level of knowledge of nursing students with
variables were significant at 0.05 level. Thus knowledge of
nursing students regarding dysmenorrhea was dependent
on the selected variables which are significant such as
age(25.412), course of study (17.261), year of study
(21.495), marital status (7.182), residence (13.128),
regularity of cycle (6.618) .Where as weight (7.586),
education of mother ( 9.724), type of family (0.970), dietary
habits ( 6.303), age at menarche ( 4.734), duration of
menstruation (5.595), source of information regarding
dysmenorrhea ( 6.389), onset of dysmenorrhea ( 5.310 ), no.
of soaked pads changed per day (6.216), type of pain (7.950),
level of pain (6.285), measures you taken to relieve
dysmenorrhea (6.998) regarding knowledge was found to be
statistically non significant .Hence null hypothesis was
partially rejected and research hypothesis was partially
accepted. And in terms of impact of dysmenorrhea on
nursing students was dependent on the selected variables
which are significant such as type of pain (17.059), level of
pain (41.715), measures to be take to relieve pain (24.385)
.where as age(6.5187), course of study (2.504), year of study
(4.187), weight (4.762), education of mother ( 4.806), type of
family (0.727), marital status (0.119), dietary habits ( 1.150),
residence (1.548), age at menarche ( 6.265), duration of
menstruation (2.084), source of information regarding
dysmenorrhea ( 2.65), regularity of cycle (0.756), onset of
dysmenorrhea ( 2.445 ), no. of soaked pads changed per day
(9.311) regarding the level of impact was found to be
statistically non significant. Hence null hypothesis was
partially rejected and research hypothesis was partially
accepted.
CONCLUSION
Formal, informal and special mass media educational
programmes may be taken to educate the girls on
dysmenorrhea and measures to relieve .community health
nurse and school health nurse need to concerned about it.
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33446 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 6
Level of pain tolerance is different in every individual but
dysmenorrheal pain tolerance power has in girls only. It has
impact on their routine life activities.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Authors have no conflict of interest.
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