GOROSPE, Katlyne S.

CIEN 30203
BSRE 3-1 Principles of Transportation Engineering
Assignment # 1
Give at least two (2) examples for each current issues as specified in the news about urban
transportation problems encountered in the Philippines, and give your
comments/recommendations and suggestions to improve/solve the said problems.

Traffic Congestion and Parking Difficulties

In the busy streets of Manila, commuters experienced congested traffic wherein roads filled
with buses, cars, and trucks. Excess vehicles on the roadway slows down the speed of
transportation. On top of that, congestion increases when traffic incidents, work zones or activities
and weather conditions added to it.
• Traffic Congestion in Metro Manila

According to Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) as per reported by

newsinfo.inquirer.net, Manila has the second worst traffic congestion out of the 416 cities
surveyed around the world, according to a report by a location technology specialist. The
Traffic Index 2019 by TomTom, which ranks congestion in cities worldwide, showed that
Manila has a congestion level of 71 percent. That means drivers spend an average of 71
percent extra travel time stuck in traffic. The report said that Filipinos lost 10 days and 17
hours for driving during rush hour over the year. Further, 29 minutes are added per 30-
minute trip in the morning rush, and additional 38 minutes per 30-minute trip while driving
in the evening. The study covered 306.4 million kilometers of roads in Metro Manila and
revealed a 73 percent level of congestion for highways and 70 percent for non-highways.

According to the report, the best day for Metro Manila congestion last year was on
April 19, Good Friday. The day had the lowest average daily congestion at 0 percent.
Meanwhile, the worst day for Metro Manila traffic in 2019 was on August 16, a Friday.

High population and developing country results to high number of vehicles which
leads to traffic congestion. In addition, urban planning problems is the root of lack of
quality of infrastructures such as roads and railways. To solve this problem, they should
put more taxes in buying private cars because when monthly down payment started there
are more private cars on the road. On the other hand, expanding road spaces is also a
solution. However, there's so much infrastructures taking up space. Since the current
situation is difficult, the main solution is to reduce vehicles on the roads. Private cars have
the most percentage than public vehicles. Also, they should expand business works in
other areas especially in the rural areas so that the supply and demand of population isn't
too damaging for transport system. In addition, improve rationalize the route structures,
incentives to use public transport, incentives to use bicycling or motorcycles and impose
flexible work schedules and telecommuting.
 • Flash floods trigger Metro Manila ‘carmageddon’

On 2015, One commuter spent the first few hours of his birthday with strangers
on a passenger bus, rather than with his loved ones at home, staying on the road from
Sept. 8 to Sept. 9.He was one of the thousands of commuters who spent the first hours
of Sept. 9 in cars, taxis and jeepneys and on buses or, worse, on sidewalks waiting for a
ride because of the horrendous traffic on Edsa and other major roads of Metro Manila on
Tuesday night.

The culprit: heavy flooding due to a sudden thunderstorm and the absence of
traffic enforcers. The “carmageddon” in Metro Manila prompted other tired, hungry and
angry commuters to express their frustration and anger on social media.“I left the office
on Sept 8, I arrived home on Sept. 9,” best described the feeling of netizens. Even Ninoy
Aquino International Airport (Naia), the last place supposed to be flooded, was under
water, delaying domestic and international flights. Floodwater was waist-level on the
tarmac. Naia sources said the Parañaque River overflow would not have flooded the
tarmac had a portion of an open creek along Andrews Avenue not been reclaimed and
paved for a road-widening project. Mapsa’s Cabrera said more than 100 traffic enforcers
were deployed to help manage traffic and allow bigger vehicles to go through flooded
roads while the small ones were allowed to park on the side streets.

Floods have a negative impact on traffic such as slowing down the movement of
transport because of affected roads become unusable. On our country, even there's no
weather disruptions our transport system is poor wherein congested areas will be more
congested or unmovable. As a solution, a study of traffic route choice as an alternative
for road users is important in order to overcome or reduce the problem. In addition,
Possible solutions include the elevation of roads or construction of well-designed drainage
structures leading to the creeks. Proposed solutions to the flood problem of Metro Manila
may avoid paralyzing traffic problems due to short-lived rain events, which according to
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) cost the Philippine economy 2.4 billion
pesos/day

Public Transport Inadequacy

Most of the commuters in our country especially in the cities wait up more than an hour to
get a ride due to lack of public transportation wherein there's a limited transit service because of
increasing population and limited routes. According to the Manila Times, Public transportation has
been a complete mess in this country for years, and contributes mightily to the bigger problem
of traffic congestion that chokes about P2 billion per day in lost productivity out of the national
economy. The reason for that is so simple that one must question the competence of a couple of
generations of government officials for not recognizing it: Transportation planning and policy in
the Philippines has always focused solely on the movement of vehicles, not people.
• Crisis seen in absence of jeepneys in Metro Manila

According to the report of Philippine daily inquirer, Anger mounted in Metro Manila
on Tuesday over lack of public transportation for workers allowed to return to their jobs
after three months of quarantine, with senators calling the situation an emerging crisis
 and slamming transportation officials for their insensitivity and lack of foresight. Transport
officials allowed the three metro trains, so-called augmentation buses, and Philippine
National Railways to operate at limited capacity to prevent the spread of the coronavirus
that causes the severe respiratory disease COVID-19.

According to Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) general manager

Jojo Garcia, even with more public utility vehicles (PUVs) available, public transportation
in the National Capital Region (NCR) would not be enough for commuters because of the
50% limit in passenger capacity. These give more burden to the commuters. Since
pandemic happened, people should be aware of social distancing. However, lack of
transportation made waiting lines longer and sometimes crowded when systems became
off. To ease the problem, they should impose proper guidelines for the use of bicycles
and put some proper lanes for bikes for those commuters who don’t have any access for
transport nearby.
• LRT-2 operations from Anonas to Santolan to be suspended for nine months

On October 2019, Train operations of the Light Rail Transit Line 2 (LRT-2) remain
suspended over the weekend after a fire damaged power supply transformers and some
railway tracks. The power supply transformers in between Anonas and Katipunan stations
and in the Santolan depot tripped Thursday. The incident Thursday led to a fire that
damaged railway tracks along Anonas in Quezon City. The initial estimated costs of the
damage to the LRTA system is around ₱428 million. The incident made commuting more
burdensome for the 200,000 passengers who ride the train daily.

Limited trains and technical problems can result to longer waiting time. These
circumstances made commuting even worse especially to the students that time. Simply
to overcome this problem, heavy and light rail systems must be improved. Also, it must
have proper and quality for repair and maintenance. In addition, railway sector is
constructing more railways lines and rehabilitation of MRT 3 these give commuters more
safe, faster, and reliable public transportation.

Difficulties of Pedestrians
Crossings are also a big issue considering the statistics of pedestrian involvement in road
crashes. Of course, there are two sides of the coin here where, on one hand, hard-headed people
still cross at inappropriate locations or say at street-level when there is an overpass or underpass
nearby. Such incidences of jaywalking are quite prevalent in urban areas, betraying a lack of
discipline that is often in combination with weak traffic enforcement.
• 14-year-old dead, 7 hurt as jeepney runs over students in Makati
The students were crossing a pedestrian lane in Barangay Poblacion when a
jeepney ran over them. Seven other students sustained serious injuries. A 14-year-old
student died and 7 of his schoolmates sustained serious injuries after a jeepney ran over
them as they crossed a pedestrian lane in Makati on Wednesday night, February 12.
According to Col. Rogelio Simon, Makati police chief, the jeepney was traveling on J.P.
Rizal Avenue when it lost its brakes near the corner of Mabini Street at around 7:30 p.m.
Crisalde Tamparong, the driver of the jeepney, initially said that his brakes failed but police
cast doubt on his alibi, saying the jeepney immediately stopped after hitting the students.
 Investigation revealed Tamparong did not have a license during the incident. He also
tested positive for illegal drug use.

According to WHO’s Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015, in the Philippines
pedestrians make up 19 percent of road deaths. This is about 1,970 deaths based on the
UN agency’s estimate of 10,400 fatalities from road crashes.
To reduce pedestrian injuries and fatalities, a three-pronged approach of
engineering, education, and enforcement is needed. Consistent enforcement of the traffic
codes and statutes related to crosswalks gives credibility to the laws, reinforcing their
importance among drivers and pedestrians. Benefits of enforcement may be apparent
soon after operations begin. A recent study observed an increase in driver yielding with
warning based enforcement, and further increases with citations and engineering
improvements. Enforcement operations may also reduce crashes, injuries, and fatalities,
although these outcomes are harder to track. In addition to their safety benefits, these
operations tend to generate positive feedback from citizens, and may reveal related safety
issues; for example, many drivers who fail to yield to pedestrians may also be speeding,
distracted, or driving while impaired. Overall, pedestrian safety enforcement programs are
practical and cost effective.

• Pedestrian Jaywalking

The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority, will file charges against

jaywalkers who fail to pay fines or render community service, MMDA General Manager
Jojo Garcia said.Garcia added that the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) would be
alerted of apprehended jaywalkers so that they would have “hits” on their records. Garcia
noted that local government units (LGU) in Metro Manila already have ordinances against
jaywalking and they would be deputizing the MMDA to enforce such.

To solve this problem and improve pedestrian safety, The Metropolitan Manila
Development Authority, will file charges against jaywalkers who fail to pay fines or render
community service. Community service or seminars can help to provide transportation
guidelines to educate pedestrians. Also, improving and efficient transportation
enforcement must be applied because insufficient training of police and highway safety
officials further compounds the problem by reinforcing this misperception.

Environmental Impacts and Energy Consumption

Majors contributors to air pollution are cars, trucks and buses powered by fossil fuels. Primary
pollution is emitted directly into the atmosphere; secondary pollution results from chemical
reactions between pollutants in the atmosphere. Fetuses, newborn children, and people with
chronic illnesses are especially susceptible to the effects of air pollutants. On the other hand,
Energy consumption by urban transport represents a large share of the urban energy balance,
generally equivalent to the residential share, which is between 20% and 50% of total urban
energy consumption.
• Air Pollution

In the Philippines, air pollution has become one of the biggest health emergencies,
recording a total of 45.3 deaths for every 100,000 people due to air pollution-the third-
highest in the world, based on the 2018 WHO study. Roughly, 17 percent of ambient air
pollution comes from the iconic jeepney plying tirelessly along the streets of Metro Manila.
Based on data provided by the Department of Transportation, more than 70 percent of
pollutants come from mobile sources-the car you drive, or the jeepney or bus you ride
every day to and from work, compared to those sources that are stationary such as a
building or facility that emits air pollutant, showing that the current transport sector is a
major contributor for the pollution in our atmosphere.

Air Pollution in Transportation is one of the leading causes of Climate Change and
contributes to nearly 15% of global Climate change pollution according to 2012 data
synthesized by WRI. Air Pollution also leads to decrease of air quality that would lead to
respiratory complications an illness. On 2018, WHO estimates that around seven million
people died every year from exposure to polluted air that caused diseases such as stroke,
heart disease, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, respiratory infections,
including pneumonia, even diabetes and hypertension. Air pollution in urban areas resolve
in the sky and form smog highlighting the concentration of carbon emissions the city
produces. With these in mind, it is great to note that the Philippines has the Clean Air Act
or RA 8749 passed in the year 1999, 21 years in the past. A strong effort is needed to
alleviate air pollution in the Philippines and one solution that would greatly benefit is to
update the Clean Air Act. Having updated guidelines and regulations that will help in
ensuring motor vehicles will emit the least carbon emission as possible will lead to cleaner
energy and an increase on air quality. Another solution is to encourage the masses to use
bicycles or walk to their desired destination. To lead with this is to have more roads with
bicycle lanes and strict overseeing of road violations.

• Issues with Philippines Road Transport Energy Consumption

Department of Energy of Philippines statistics reveal that from 2000 to 2010, the
road transport fuel consumption and corresponding CO2 emissions have grown modestly
with an annual growth rate of 0.5%. This modest growth is in contrast to the rapid
increase in vehicle numbers, economic activity and in absence of implementation of
comprehensive sustainable transport policies and options.

To solve this problem according to Department of Energy, the aggressive

promotion of energy conservation and energy efficient technology to effect higher energy
savings both for the consumer and producer through information, education and
communication campaigns; intensify collaboration effort with the private sector in
implementing energy efficiency programs through voluntary agreements; continuous
implementation and expansion of the appliance and equipment energy standards and
labeling implementation of building energy usage standards; integration of energy
efficiency concepts in the procurement practices of the government; the provision of
technical assistance in identifying, implementing and evaluating effective measures to
improve energy use efficiency; the use of alternative fuel to reduce dependence on
 imported oil; and periodic program monitoring and evaluation to assess the effectiveness
of the energy efficiency and conservation plan.

Loss of Public Space

One of the urban transportation challenges is the loss of public space. Lack of space for
transportation leads to congested and crowded area such as markets, agoras, parades and
processions, games and community interactions. These made the roads narrower which increases
traffic in certain areas.
• Vendors on streets Manila
On 2019, A day after the deadline for clearing roads for all local government units
in the country, some of the capital’s commercial streets in Divisoria and Quiapo buzzed
with activity on Monday, September 30. They were not selling. They were rushing to take
their goods down. There was a road-clearing operation coming, and they knew what
would happen next.
The Manila City government was cramming the clearing of roads as the
Department of the Interior and Local Government prepared to inspect the country’s main
thoroughfares. President Rodrigo Duterte ordered the total clearing of all illegal
obstructions within a 60-day period that ended on September 29.An order from the city
mayor warned barangay officials and vendors ahead of what was to come.In a
memorandum from the office of Manila Mayor Isko Moreno, signed by Romeo Bagay, all
barangay captains were told that “obstruction compliance validation for the City of Manila
will start on September 30, 2019 to October 5, 2019.”
Vendors are those people who offer goods or services for sale from public places
such as streets. However, they often find themselves criminalized for pursuing their
livelihoods. Migration from rural to urban are rampant due to industrialization and
urbanization. To solve this problem, the government must create cities that include street
vendors and support their economic contribution to the city. They can be recognized as
workers and economic contributors. By studying and observing the current situation,
Inform street vendors for local licensing and permit limits. Also, they should have regular
communication with the authorities for proper cooperation and collaboration. In addition,
developing public places is one of the solutions to improve.

• The feast of Black Nazarene

Twice a year, the city hosts the Feast of Black Nazarene that culminates with a
solemn procession or traslacion—on January 9th and also on the Good Friday. The statue
of Black Nazarene is carried through the Quiapo district to the Quiapo Church. Around 4
million devotees attended the 21-hour procession last year with hopes of experiencing
miracles from the statue of Jesus Christ.
According to Quiapo Church Parochial Vicar Fr. Douglas Badong, the Black
Nazarene procession 2020 route will not pass through any of the Jones Bridge, Mc Arthur
Bridge, and Quezon Bridge. The annual traslacion on January 9 is set to pass through the
Ayala Bridge. After starting at the Quirino Grandstand, the procession shall head to
Katigbak Road, Finance Road, LRT Taft Station, all the way to Ayala Bridge, and Palanca.
The procession will follow the traditional route once it reaches the Quiapo area.
 To reduce the tight traffic, all vehicles were advised to take alternate roads to
arrive to their respective destinations due to some road closures.

Accidents and Safety

Road safety is a top priority in urban planning for more efficient transport and reduce
accidents such as road crashes because of lack of discipline or lack of enforcement. Accidents
affects “About 12,000 Filipinos die on the road every year. How quickly we see this number drop
depends on the commitment of the country's leaders,” said Dr. Gundo Weiler, the World Health
Organization (WHO) Representative in the Philippines.
• Bus crashes into 13 vehicles in Makati City as brakes malfunction; 13 hurt

Thirteen persons were injured after a public utility bus rammed 11 motorcycles, a
car, and another bus on Friday morning as its brakes allegedly malfunctioned while
traveling along Osmeña Highway in Makati City. Initial investigation showed that a north-
bound public utility bus, 11 motorcycles, and a Ford Focus were all stationary as the traffic
light was on red (stop) moments before the Pitbull Bus with license plate number TYF 328
crashed into those vehicles supposedly due to malfunctioning brakes.
Many car crashes arise due to negligence, distracted driving, speeding, driving too
slowly, drunk and drugged driving. Sometimes a crash is caused by a mechanical failure
or malfunction. A mechanical malfunction can be the sole cause of your car accident, or
it can be simply a contributing factor that transforms a minor accident into a catastrophic
event. To solve this problem, the driver must perform effective vehicle maintenance. Poor
vehicle maintenance may result to worn tires, worn brakes, and worn axles. Regular
maintenance avoids severe breakdown on the road and avoid an accident.

• Concrete Barrier accidents

The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) recorded a total of 94
concrete barrier-related accidents along the stretch of EDSA from June 1 to August 23.
According to MMDA traffic czar Edison Nebrija, most of the drivers who crashed their
vehicles against the barriers were drunk or fell asleep behind the wheel. On September
2020, More barrier-related accidents due to over speeding. “Seven out of the 11 barrier-
related vehicular accidents along EDSA were caused by over speeding vehicles,” she
said. “When it is not traffic, do not over speed, and follow the 60 kilometers per hour
speed limit on EDSA to prevent such accidents.”
The Department of Transport (DOTr) stands by the concrete barriers. After all,
they just ordered 36,000 of these recently. DOTr secretary Arthur Tugade even ordered
the speedier installation and implementation of these barriers. The agency says the
purpose of these barriers is for the safety and security of the commuters.
Bollards have been proven to be a lot safer and more space-efficient in trying to
divert traffic to certain lanes. These are considerably more affordable, too, than a
P43,000-concrete barrier. Barriers can be effective with discplined drivers but the
consequences is that it made the road narrower for the cars and broad vehicles. To lessen
the problem, improve public transport infrastructures, implement strict rules for
undisciplined reckless driver who always over-speeding and improve traffic enforcement.
Land Consumption
Transportation and economic systems have a reciprocal relationship as transport supply
and demand are mutually interdependent. For instance, the construction of a highway
interchange favors the concentration of commercial and service activities, which will generate
additional transport demand, which in turn will favor the location of new activities and a
reorganization of the regional spatial structure. Land use represents the level of spatial
accumulation from which transport demand is derived. There is a wide base of spatial economic
models estimating transport demand, mainly through the generation and attraction of traffic by
different types of land use.

• Right-of-way issue hounds MRT 7

CONSTRUCTION of the Metro Rail Transit Line 7 (MRT-7) — a project designed to

offer more public transport options north of Metro Manila — could face delays on right-of-
way questions involving the project’s planned depot in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan. SMC
MRT7 said the project was supposed to acquire 33 hectares of land in Bulacan for the
train depot, the ITT and the 14th station but the move was disrupted when the property
owner questioned the expropriation in court.

Ramon S. Ang, the company’s COO, said his group urged the Department of
Transportation (DOTr), as well as the local government of Quezon City to quickly resolve
the design issue to ensure no major setbacks in the construction of the railway facility.
SMC also gave assurances that it will cooperate with stakeholders to deliver the project
with minimal delays, even with a possible redesign of the station’s above-ground structure,
which will be finalized with the DOTr.“The resolution of issues is really up to DOTr as main
proponent, and the LGU. For us, while the order is a setback, we will do everything we
can to make sure we keep to the timetable, and at the same time take into account the
mayor’s concerns. This includes revisions to the design,” SMC president Ramon Ang said.

• Roads and parking space

According to Hassam Ahmed, most roads have two to four lanes, each 10-14 feet
wide, plus shoulders, sidewalks, drainage ditches and landscaping area, depending on
conditions, so typical urban roads with two traffic and two parking lanes have 30-40 foot
total widths. Road rights-of-way (land legally devoted to roads) usually range from 24 to
64 feet wide. In high density urban areas road pavement often fills the entire right-of-
way, but in other areas there is often an unpaved shoulder that may be planted or left in
its natural condition. The amount of land devoted to roads is affected by Projected vehicle
traffic demand which determine the number of traffic lanes. Also, Design standards that
determine lane and shoulder widths, drainage and landscaping, On-street parking
practices whether streets have parking lanes and additional design features, such as
shoulders, sidewalks, ditches and landscaping.

Philippines suffering from lacking of car parking areas with imbalance between
parking supply and demand which can be considered the initial reason for metropolis
 parking problems. This imbalance is partially due to ineffective land use planning and
miscalculations of space requirements during first stages of planning. The primary step in
planning solutions is calculating the area required for parking for different districts in the
city plan according to the government regulations which specify the minimum number of
parking spaces that must be provided for every land use. Parking management includes
various policies and programs that result in more efficient use of parking resources and
provides significant economic, social and environmental benefits.
Land planning must be associated with human development for the stable ratio
between natural environment and infrastructures. Effective land planning is knowing
different impacts of specific land development. It must be economic, social and
environmental to have good evaluation for safety and health.

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