Assignment on

Reverse osmosis treatment of wastewater from textile industries

Course Code: TXE-423

Course Title: Application of Computer in Textile

Submitted To:
Name: Zinia Yasmin
Assistant Professor
Department of Textile Engineering
Primeasia University
Submitted By :
MD:Abu Talha(Rasel) 171-001-041
Rakibul Hasan Rokon 171-002-041
Md nasir uddin khan 171-003-041
Ashjadul Amin 171-004-041
Md-kawsar 171-005-041
Rokaiya Akter shorna 171-006-041
Md. Mazharul Islam 171-009-041
Md.Mohidul Islam 171-011-041
Fahmid Al Refat 171-013-041

Submission Date: 22th, Sep 2020

Introduction:
Reverse Osmosis is a technology that is used to remove a large majority of contaminant from
water by pushing the water under pressure through a semi-permeable membrane. This
technology is used for the treatment of water and hazardous waste, separation processes in the
food, beverage and paper industry (Garud et al. 2014). In this work, RO processed clean water
from dye house of cotton knit fabric dyeing has been reused for dyeing of knit fabric.

Water Cycle:

Reasons for increased popularity with Reverse osmosis:

a. Dramatic decrease in RO membrane prices (50% - 8yrs).
b. Increasing costs of chemicals (esp. NaOH) for IX systems.
c. Increased return on investment for reverse osmosis as pretreatment to an ion-
exchange system.
d. Increased manufacturer awareness in properly designing pretreatment systems.
 e. Increase in comfort level for operation of customer-owned RO systems.
f. Consistent water quality

Basic Principles Reverse Osmosis:

Reverse osmosis works by using a high pressure pump to increase the pressure on the salt side
of the RO and force the water across the semi‐permeable RO membrane, leaving almost all
(around 95% to 99%) of dissolved salts behind in the reject stream. The amount of pressure
required depends on the salt concentration of the feed water.

Types of Filtration:

Typical Filtration Typical Filtration

Feed Water Feed Water

Flow Flow

Purified water

Solids on surface quickly foul

the membrane Purified water

Solids are swept away by

continuous flow
Reverse osmosis skids typically have three major components:

Reverse osmosis System Design & Operations:

Reverse Osmosis Basics:

Reverse osmosis Permeate and % Recovery:
 Permeate is water recovered as product.

𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝑭𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆

Recovery% = × 100
𝑴𝒂𝒌𝒆−𝑼𝒑 𝑭𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆

 Recovery% calculates percent of feed water that becomes product.

 Recovery% describes performance of the system
 Greater recovery=less waste=cost savings.
 Recovery typically ranges from 50% to 75% (can go as high as 85% )
 Recovery% and permeate quality are inversely related.

RECOVERY CONCENTRATION FACTOR

50% 2
75% 4
80% 5

83% 6
87.5% 8

RO Concentrate and % Rejection:

• Concentrate (or Brine) is the waste from the RO.

• Reject is a calculation of the percentage of solids/solutes in feedwater rejected by the
membrane.

 Typically ranges from 95% to 99+% for most ionic solutes and set by membrane
manufacturer.
 Greater % reject means better permeate quality.
 Species dependent

• Multi-valent ions (Ca2+, Mg2+) higher rejection

• Monovalent ions (Na+, Cl-) lower rejection
• Gases (O2, CO2) no rejection
Reverse osmosis system:

Reject Staging:

• Multi-stages for reject

• Increased utilization of water

 Incremental increase in investment

 Minimal decrease in water quality

Multi – Pass:

• Product staging
• Improves water quality

 May eliminate the need for downstream polishing

Double Pass RO System:

Applications:

 Seawater (High TDS)

 Ultra-high purity applications

Benefits of inter stage pH adjustment

o Improved Alkalinity Rejection

o Improved Silica Rejection
o Improved TOC Rejection
Double Pass RO System:

Typical RO Machine:
Advantages of Reverse osmosis:

• Removes nonionic impurities and dissolved solids (i.e. organics, silica, bacteria)
• Reduction of hazardous chemical storage and handling associated with ion exchange
• Economic advantages increase with increasing feed TDS

Disadvantages of Reverse osmosis:

Concentrate is rejected and this can be a significant volume of water.

RO membranes reject a fixed percentage of feed water ions

 Further treatment is required for many applications.

Ultimate filter which is easily fouled:

 Increasing operating costs

 Reducing membrane life

Typical Operating Cost Breakdown:

Electrical
44%

Chemicals
14%
Membrane
Replacement
12%
Labor
25%
RO System Monitoring:
• Percent Salt Rejection

• Normalized Permeate Flowrate (NPF)

• Differential Pressure (ΔP)

• (Use Computer and Trend Data)

Salt Rejection:

Common to use conductivity measurement as an indication of TDS

Net Differential Pressure:

Normalized Permeate Flowrate:

Where,
Pf = Feed Pressure
NDP = P - P - PO Pp = Permeate Pressure
f p

NDP = Pf - Pp - PO PO,F = Osmotic Press. Feed

FT = Temp. Correction Factor PO,C = Osmotic Press.
Qp = Permeate Flowrate

Typical Treatment Scheme:

Pretreatment Selection:
Technique Controls

Multimedia Filters Suspended solids

Carbon Filters Suspended solids, organics, chlorine

Greensand Filters Suspended solids, iron, manganese

Sodium Softeners Hardness, scale formers, iron, manganese, some

suspended solids

Chlorine Microbes, organics

Bisulfite Free chlorine

Acid / Caustic Scale formers (acid), pH

Antiscalant Scale formers, foulants

Ultrafiltration Color or Bacteria

Recovery Scale

Previous Work:
Water Sample: (a) RO Clean water, (b)RO waste water (c)Water from Dyeing machine
Testing procedure:
10 gm samples of 100% cotton knit single Jersey bleached fabric are dyed with RO
clean water and ground water in different shades such as navy, pink and light rose. At
first the samples are immersed into the dyeing pots of the laboratory dyeing machine.
Then the dyeing pots are loaded with color solutions according to the recipe, salt,
leveling agent (Albatex DBC 1 g/lt) and ground water and RO clean water seperately.
The sample is dyed for 20 minutes at 60oC then soda ash is added. The dyeing
procedure is again continued for 20 minutes at same temperature. The samples are
then rinsed wash, neutralized with Acetic acid (0.7 g/L), soaped at 90oC for 10
minutes consequently washed and dried.

Result and Discussion:

1. Comparison on shade variation: Differences between ground water and RO clean water dyed
fabric samples.The shades are almost same and differences are insignificant visually under color
matching cabinet.

2.Comparison of Colour fastness to wash: The wash fastness rating on bleached cotton in terms of
ground water and RO clean water dyed samples for navy, pink and light rose shades are 4/5, 4 and
4/5 respectively. The grey scale rating lies between 4 and 5 for all shades

3. Comparison of Colour Fastness to Rubbing: In case of navy shade ground water dyed fabric
samples for the dry and wet rubbing fastness rating is 4/5 and 3 respectively. Similarly RO clean
water dyed fabric’s rating is 4/5 and 2/3 respectively. Then the ground water dyed sample for the
dry and wet rubbing fastness rating is 4/5 and 2/3and RO clean water dyed sample dry and wet
rubbing fastness rating was 4/5 and 2/3 for pink shade.

Conclusion:
This assignment has significance in our study life. In this assignments we learn details about
Reverse osmosis treatment system. Generally we know waste water from a textile industry needs
treatment before reusing it. This work shows that the possibility to reuse the treated water by
reverse osmosis for dyeing purpose again. I think this assignment will be very helpful in our future
career.