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tkfO{+sf] k|Zgn] dnfO{ cK7\of/]fdf kf/\of] . n]vsx?;Fu s'/fsfgL yfNb} o:tf] cK7\of/f] cfp+5
eGg] yfxf kfPsL eP d tkfO{+nfO{ ;do g} lbGgy]+ ls Û tkfO{+nfO{ yfxf 5}g < :jf:gLdfG5]n] cfkm\gf]
pd]/ n'sfpg] rng g]kfndf klg cfO;s]sf] 5 . Tof] rngn] cln cln dnfO{ klg ;dfTg yfn]sf]
eG7fGg';\ . To;}n] 3/L 3/L dnfO{ klg pd]/ n'sfpF n'sfpF h:tf] nfU5 . tkfO{+nfO{ yfx} 5, xfd|f] lt/
klg cfhef]ln pd]/ n'sfpg'nfO{ ;Eotf 7flgG5 . To;}n] skfn gkm'n'Gh]n :jf:gLdfG5]x?
kRrL;b]lv tL; jif{s} cf]l/kl/ 3'ld/xG5g\ . skfn km'Ng yfNof] / s'g} gSsnL /Ën] To;nfO{ 5f]Kg
g;lsg] eof] eg] dfq :jf:gLdflg;x? krf; lt/ xfd kmfN5g\ . xfdLn] klZrdaf6 l;s]sf] of]
Pp6f km/flsnf] ;Eotf xf] . klZrdaf6 h] l;s] klg /fd|f] x'G5 eGg] xfd|f] cGwljZjf; 5 lg Û ToxL
cGwljZjf;sf] ;sf]{n] 5f]P/ xf]nf – olta]nf dnfO{ klg cfˆgf] pd]/ atfpg k6Ss} dg lyPg .
t/ tkfO{+n] ;f]w]kl5 s;/L gfO{+ eGg' < To;}n] d ToxL+af6 cfˆgf] syf yfNg]5' – hxfF
tkfO{+n] ;dfpg' ePsf] 5 .
xf], d g]kfndf hlGdg . t/ of] d]/f] bf]if xf]Og . em08} b'O{ ;o jif{b]lv g]kfnLx?
bfgfkfgLsf] vf]hLdf ljb]z ef}+tfl/g] rng 5 . w]/}n] To;nfO{ nfx'/] eG5g\ . s]xL s]xLn] uf]vf{ elt{
klg eG5g\ . s]xLn] kN6g hfg] klg eG5g\ . h] eP klg s'/f] Pp6} xf] . ljb]zL uf]vf{ kN6gsf] etL{ Û
d]/f] af ToxL uf]vf{ elt{sf] Pp6f l;kfxL+ x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFn] xËsË, l;+ufk'/ / dnfofsf] df6f]df
cfˆgf] kl;gf aufpg' ePsf] lyof] . cfˆgf] nfx'/] hLjgsf] bzs laTg nfUbf pxfF dnfofdf x'g'x'GYof]
.
Tolta]nf xfdL dnfofsf] k]gfËdf b'O jif{b]lv :yfoL ?kd} a;]sf lyof}+ /] . k]gfËd} @)!%
;fnsf] sflt{s dxLgfdf d]/f] hGd ePsf] xf] . clxn] dnfofnfO{ dn]lzof elgG5 xf]Og < t/ xfdL
nfx'/]sf ;Gtfgx? d'vsf] ;lhnf]n] ubf{ clxn] klg dn]lzofnfO{ dnfof g} eG5f}+ . 8fo/Ldf
g;Rofpg' xf]nf x} Û clxn] Tof] dn]lzof eP klg wtL{df d}n] kfOnf /fVbf Tof] dnfof lyof] / d
wtL{df /x'Gh]n d]/f nflu Tof] dnfof g} /lx/xg]5 .
5Ss kg'{ ef] < d To:tL b]lvGg, pd]/ n'sfP klg x'G5 eGg' ef < xf]Og, gn'sfp+ . d]/f]
cg'xf/n], d]/f] z/L/n] dnfO{ aofln; jif{sf] agfpb}g eGg] lalQs} d cfkm}+nfO{ s;/L 9f+6\g ;S5' /
< c?nfO{ d tL; jif{sL eg'+nf, cyjf k}+lt;} eP+ eg'nf – t/ d cfkm}+nfO{ Tolt yf]/}sL x'+ eg]/
s;/L eGg ;S5' < To;dfly tkfO{+ d]/f] syf h:tfsf] t:t} xf];\, st} 36La9L gxf];\ elg/xg' ePsf]
5 . of] cfu|x ;'g]kl5 d s;/L pd]/ n'sfpg ;S5' < To;}n] n]lvlbg';\ – h] ;To xf] ToxL
n]lvlbg';\ . d clxn], tkfO{+nfO{ cfˆgf] syf ;'gfO/x+bf jofln; jif{ nflu;s]sL 5' . uPsf]
Psrfln; jif{ dWosf] aL; jif{ d}n] afFRgsf nflu s7f]/ ;+3if{ u/]sf jif{x? x'g\ . tL ;+3if{k"0f{ jif{sf
cl3Nnf] bz jif{x?df d}n] w]/} b'Mv v]k]+ . clxn] d]/f] cg'xf/nfO{ x]bf{, tkfO{+ h:tf] dfG5]n] sNkgf
;d]t ug{ g;Sg] b'Mv v]k]+ . Tolta]nfsf] dfgl;s / zf/Ll/s si6n] dnfO{ ;fx|} lynlynf] agfPsf]
lyof] . To;}n] Tolta]nf d cfˆgf] pd]/ eGbf bz jif{ dflysL a'9L :jf:gLdfG5] h:tL nfUy]+ . dfG5]n]
dnfO{ plta]nf rfln;sL e};ls;\ eGy] . unfsf d]/f xf8x? Ao'6Laf]g dflgb}gy], tL t l;FrfOsf
s'nfx? h:tf lyP . ufnfdf df;' ;fx|} kftnf] lyof] / sGr6lt/ stf stf w;f{x? sf]l/Psf b]lvGy]
. To;}n] d plta]nf rfln;s} lyPF .
t/ kl5Nnf bz jif{x?df d}n] cfˆgf] hLjgnfO{ ;'vdf cg'jfb ug]{ ;kmntf kfPF . pd]/sf]
Pslt; jif]{ l;+9Ln] d]/f] kfOnfdf ;'v} ;'v 6fF;]/ uof] . To;kl5 d]/f] z/L/df hjfgLsf gofF
t/Ëx?n] ;+uLt e/] . To;}n] olta]nf d jf:tljs pd]/ eGbf bz jif{ sfG5L h:tL nfU5' . t/
emnSs x]bf{ d a'9L h:tL b]lvP klg, cyjf ;a}n] dg k/fpg] t?gL h:tL b]lvP klg d]/f] jf:tljs
pd]/ d;Fu} lbg sf6]/ r'lnO/x]5 . Tof] r'nfO{ g} d]/f] hLjgsf] k|fs[ltstf xf] . To;nfO{ d s]xL u/]
klg /f]Sg ;lSbg . To;}n] d cfˆgf] pd]/ n'sfpg rfxGg .
xf]Og, o:tf] t e}/xG5 . tkfO{+nfO{ d Pp6f :d/0f ;'gfp+ < @)$@ ;fnsf] s'/f] xf] . d}n]
tkfO h:t} Pshgf ;fyLnfO{ k|;Ëjz cfˆgf] pd]/ ;'gfpg' k¥of] . pxfFn] 5Ss k/]/ dnfO{ x]b}{
eGg'eof] – tkfO{+ t k}+lt; jif{sL h:tL kf] b]lvg' x'G5 . s'g} ljdf/Ln] ufn]sf] 5 ls Sof xf] < xf]
Tolta]nf dnfO{ hLjg ;+3if{sf] ljdf/Ln] ufFh]sf] lyof] . ToxL ladf/Ln] dnfO{ ufn]sf] klg lyof] .
To;}n] ;fyLsf] cfFvfdf d k}+tL;sL e};s]sL lyPF . t/ ;fyLnfO{ k}+lt;s} nfu] klg d]/f] cfˆgf] pd]/
;QfO;d} lx+l8/x]sf] lyof] . To;}n] cfFvf lt/ ghfg';\ . k|foM cfFvfn] tYo;Fu xf/ dfGg'k5{ . cfFvfn]
dg b]lvb}g, cfFvfn] cGtxLgtf 5'6\ofpg ;lsGg . cfFvfsf] 1fg ;txsf] t/Ë dfq xf] . cfFvf, ;Ldf
leqsf] lzsf/L dfq xf] .
=== === ===

v}, s;/L ldnfP/ eGg] < o;f] u/f}+, h:tf] 5 d To:t} eGb} hfG5' . tkfO{+ ldnfP/ n]Vg';\ g
x} . lsgeg] d]/f] kl/jf/sf] syf clns hGhfnsf] 5 . To;sf af/]df d tkfO{+nfO{ kl5 eGg]5' . Tof]
clns cK7]/f] klg 5 . tkfO{+nfO{ a'em\g} cK7\of/f] x'G5 . To;}n] clxn] hlt eGbf dnfO{ ;lhnf] nfU5
Tolt dfq} ;'gfp5' . la:tf/} d cfˆgf] syfdf ;/// aUg yfNg]5' . To;kl5 ;a} hl6ntfx? d /
tkfO{+, b'a}sf nflu ;lhnf aGb} hfg]5g\ . To;kl5 Tof] hGhfn klg d tkfO{+nfO{ ;lhn/L ;'gfpg
;Sg]5' . d}n] ;'gfPsf] Tof] hGhfnnfO{ To;kl5 dfq tkfO{+n] c? ;fyLx?n] klg a'em\g ;Sg] u/L
cfˆgf] 8fo/Ldf 6fF:g ;Sg' x'g]5 .
d d]/f] cfdf–a'afsL dfOnL 5f]/L x'+ . d eGbf dfly Pp6L lbbL x'g'x'G5 . lbbL klg k]gfËd}
hlGdg' ePsf] xf] . d eGbf d'lgsL Pp6L alxgL klg k]gfËd} hlGdPsL xf] . To;}n] dnfofsf]
xfjfkfgLn] xfd|f] r]tgfdf k|efj kf/]sf] dfq} xf]Og, xfd|f] /utdf clnslt l/g klg nufPsf] 5 .
Tolt dfq xf]Og, ToxfFsf] c:ktfnn] xfd|f] slnnf] 5fnf d';f/]/ ltgnfO{ Gofgf] sk8fn] 5f]k]sf] 5 .
x'?Ss} eP/ dfof ug]{ Tof] dnfof s:tf] 5 < dnfO{ ;Demgf 5}g . ;Demgf gx'g] pd]/d} d}n] dnfof
5f]8\g' k/]sf] lyof] . d slxn]sfxL+ cfˆgf] hGdynf]sf] af/]df af;Fu ;f]W5' . t/ pxfFnfO{ dnfofsf]
s'/f pSsfpg dg kb}{g . klxn] klxn] af a]:;/L /S;L vfg'x'GYof] . /S;Ln] /d/dfpg yfn]kl5 pxfF
dnfofsf] s'/f ;'gfpg' klg x'GYof] . t/ kfFr jif{ hlt eof] – afn] /S;L vfg 5f]8\g' eof] . To;kl5
dnfosf] syf d]/f nflu emg} /x/nfUbf] ePsf] 5 . Tof] pd]/ 9lNsPsL Plhnfa]y 6]n/ h:tL ePsL
5 . ct[Kt cfsf+Iff eGg'x'G5 lg tkfO{+ n]vsx? Û xf], d]/f nflu dnfof ToxL ct[Kt cfsf+Iff ePsf]
5 . To;}n] sf]xL dfG5] dnfof uP/ cfPsf] xf] eGg] lalQs} d ToxfFsf] syf ;'Gg nfnflot x'G5' . t/
dfG5]n] d}n] h;/L d]/f] rfxgf sxfF a'em\5g\ / < pgLx? t SjfnfnDk'/sf] syf kf] xfN5g\ . Tof] klg
cfhsf] SjfnfnDk'/sf] syf Û uugr'DaL dxnnfO{ 5fltdf pEofP/ k'/ftg ;EotfnfO{ vf]lsnfdf
n'sfP/ d:t;Fu ;'t]sf] SjfnfnDk'/sf] syf Û To:tf] syf – h;nfO{ ;'Gg] w}o{tf d]/f] dgn] kfNg}
;s]sf] 5}g . dnfO{ t k]gfË rflxPsf] 5 . clxn]sf] k]gfË xf]Og – kGw| ;fnsf] k]gfË rflxPsf] 5 .
t/ cx+, ToxfF;Dd sf]xL k'Ub} k'Ub}gg\ .
tkfO{+ dnfof hfg' ePsf] 5 < dnfof xfd|f] kxf8 h:tf] /dfOnf] 5 ls sf7df08f} h:tf]
kmf]xf]/L eP/ ugfO/x]sf] 5 < tkfO{+ eGg ;Sg'x'G5 < dnfO{ nfU5 – dnfofsf] ;d'b|df ;"o{ c:tfp+bf
wtL{ g} /ftfDo eP/ km"n x'G5 xf]nf . emdemd kfgL kl//x]sf] a]nf ToxfFsf ?vx?n] hnt/Ë
ahfpg yfN5g\ xf]nf . nfdf nfdf wfgsf afnfx? em'Nbf ToxfF dfG5]x?n] c+ufnf] xfn]/ wfg gfr]
h:tf] nfU5 xf]nf . cxf Û dnfof < xfdL lsg Tof] df6f]df hlGdg k'Uof}+ xf]nf < lsg To;n] xfdLnfO{
r'Dalso hfb'n] h;/L cfkm"lt/ tflg/x]sf] xf]nf <
 dg slNk+bf o:tf] nfU5 – lgx'l/Psf afF;emfËx? xfd|f k'Ss p7]sf slnnf ufnfx?df DjfO
vfg vf]Hbf x'g\ . afSnf /a/sf kftx?n] rsf]{ 3fdnfO{ k/ k/ nv]6]/ gfgLx?nfO{ lztntfsf]
cf]tdf ;'d;'Dofpbf x'g\ === .
e}xfNof], x'lGbgf];\ . clxn] dnfofnfO{ oxL+ 5f]8f}+ . Tof] hGdynf]sf] efj'stfsf af/]df nfdf]
l6Kk0fL gu/f}+ . a? cfpgf];\, ca xfdL d]/} 3/lt/ kmsf}{+ . lsgeg] d tLg jif{sL x'+bf dnfof 5f]8]/
xfd|f] kl/jf/ g]kfn kmls{Psf] lyof] .
tkfO{+nfO{ yfx} xf]nf, d]/f] 3/ Onfddf k5{ . Onfd eGg] lalQs} tkfO{+sf] cg'xf/ pHofnf]
eof] lg Û xfd|f] Onfd To:t} 5 . Tof] lxhf] /fd|f] lyof], clxn] emg /fd|f] ePsf] 5 / ef]ln ;a}eGbf
/fd|f] x'g]5 . d'n'sdf klxnf]kN6 ;"o{sf] Gofgf] / rGb|dfsf] lztn tfKg kfpg] Onfdsf kfvfx?df
n8La'8L v]Nbf 7"nf] uNkm d}bfgdf s'lb/x] h:tf] nfU5 . kmf+6x?nfO{ lr:ofpb} aUg] vf]nfx?n] af]s]/
NofPsf atf;sf l;/]6fx?n] rsf]{ udL{df z/L/ leHg] u/L vnvn kfgL vGofO/x]5 h:tf] dx;';
x'G5 . dflysf] cfsf;df afbn nfUbf Tof] emg /dfOnf] b]lvG5 . rf]S6f rf]S6f afbnx? k[YjLdf s]
e}/x]sf] 5 eg]/ lgofNb} k|foM klZrdlt/ lrlKn/x]sf x'G5g\ clg xfdL tn e'O{+df ltgnfO{ e]§fpg
xtf/ xtf/ To;sf] kl5 kl5 tflgO/x]sf x'G5f}+ . xf]Og, cfsfzdf afbn 5}g eg] klg Onfdsf]
;'Gb/tf cf]Onfpg Eofpb}g . cfsfz s+rg x'G5 . lxdfn pHofnf] b]lvG5 . Tof] s+rg cfsfzsf]
l7Ss d'lGt/ kxfl/nf] ;"o{, c?a]nf afbn lx+8\g] af6} af6f] cfˆgf] /ynfO{ klZrd lt/ tflg/x]sf] x'G5
. To:tf] a]nfdf o:tf] nfU5 – dfgf}+ cfsfz Pp6f km/flsnf] ;d'b| xf] / ;"o{ To;df t}l/x]sf] Pp6f
Ao:t hxfh xf] .
tkfO{+ Onfd hfg' ePsf] 5 <
/x]5 . Onfddf g/fd|f] s]xL b]Vg' ePsf] 5 < xfF:g' ef] lg . b]Vg' ePsf] /x]5 . To;}n] 5 klg
eGg ;Sg' ePg, 5}g klg eGg ;Sg' ePg . dfG5]nfO{ lg0f{o lbg ufx|f] eof] eg] p tkfO{+ h;/L g}
d';'Ss xfF:5 / k|Zg 6flnPsf]df ;Gtf]s dfG5 . v}/, clxn] of] k|;ËnfO{ oxL+ 5f]8f}+ . /fd|f] ePsf]
7fpFdf p;} klg g/fd|f] eOxfN5 lg xf]Og < g/fd|f]sf] l/Qmtfdf /fd|f] s;/L afFRg ;S5 / <
xfdL Onfd lt/} nfuf}+ . Onfd k'u]kl5 d]/f] syf l6Kg tkfO{+nfO{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . Onfd
ahf/df klg xfd|f] 3/ 5 . xfd|f] eGg] lalQs} lsg k|Zgjfrs cfFvf 3'dfpg' ef] < d}n] z'?df eg]sL
lyPF lg – xfd|f] kl/jf/sf] syfdf cln cln hGhfn 5g\ eg]/ . xf] ToxL hGhfnnfO{ k|i6\ofpg d}n]
xfd|f] eg]sL x'+ .
d]/f afx? tLg efO x'g'x'GYof] . h]7f] / sfG5f]sf] lhDdf nfx'/ lyof], dflxnf]n] 3/ v]t
;DxfNg' ePsf] lyof] . ;Nnfx}n] pxfFx?n] To;f] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . o'jfj:yfdf d]/f afx? c;fWo} ldNg'
x'GYof] . nfx'/ uPkl5 d]/f a8fafn] cfdL{df 7"nf] pGgtL ug'{eof] . pxfF uf]vf{ cfdL{sf] SofK6]g
aGg'eof] . cfdL{af6 l/6fo/ ePkl5 klg pxfFn] aL; jif{eGbf a9L 3f]kf SofDkdf sfd ug'{eof] .
cfdL{ / 3f]kf hf]8\bf d]/f] a8fn] em08} rfln; jif{sf] hf]ag a]nfotL ;fd|fHonfO{ pkxf/ lbg' eof] .
To;}n] klg xf]nf, a]nfotLx?n] pxfFnfO{ ;fx|} dfof uy]{ . a8fsf] s'/f] Hoft\ljlQ sf6\b}gy] . To;}n]
d]/f] a8fafsf ;a} efO 5f]/fx? nfx'/] eP . a8fs} k|tfkn] nfx'/] eP .
d]/f] dfOnf a8fn] 3/–v]t ;DxfNg' ePsf] lyof] . pxfF nfx'/ hfg' ePg .
d]/f] af 3/sf] sfG5f] 5f]/f] x'g'x'GYof] . pxfF klg nfx'/] x'g' ePsf] lyof] .
a8f 3/sf] h]7f 5f]/f] x'g'x'GYof] . pxfF ;a}eGbf sdfp klg x'g'x'GYof] . To;}n] cfkm\gf
efOx?nfO{ dsf{ knf{ ls eg]/ pxfFn] xfdL ;a} 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ ;uf]ndf xfNg' eof] . ToxL ;uf]nsf]
a08fn] xfdL 5f]/f5f]/Lx? nfdf] ;do;Dd ;a} afa'cfdfsf 5f]/f5f]/L h:tf eof}+ . s]6fs]6L 5+bf t
xfdLnfO{ s;}n] 5'6\ofpg} Eofpb}gy] . 7"nL ePkl5 klg d a8fs} 5f]/L ePF . dfOnf a8fsf] 5f]/f d]/f]
afsf] h]7f] 5f]/f] x'g'eof] . o:t} o:t} . To;}n] Onfd ahf/df klg xfd|f] 3/ 5 eGg] af]nL d]/f]
d'vaf6 lg:sg] u5{ . Onfd ahf/sf] blIf0fL k'5f/df dfnfky eGg] Pp6f 6f]n 5 . To;sf] tnlt/
b]p/fnL eGg] 7fpF 5 . ToxL b]p/fnLdf d]/f a8fafsf] 3/ 5 . d}n] Tof] 3/df cfˆgf] hLjgsf] nfdf]
/ /dfOnf] If0f latfPsL 5' . To;}n] d clxn] klg Onfddf xfd|f] 3/ 5 eGg]u5'{ . t/ Onfd ahf/
d} xfd|f] 3/ 5 eg]/ gn]Vg' xf]nf . lsgeg] Onfd ahf/ xfd|f] 3/ xf]Og . xfd|f] 3/ hfg xfdLn]
ahf/sf] a; c8\8fdf uf8L 5f]l8lbg' k5{ . af6f] lx+8\g' kg]{ x'gfn] clnslt vfhf vfg'k5{ / sf+wsf]
emf]nfnfO{ s;sf; u/]/ afFw]kl5 ahf/af6 psfnf] nfUg'k5{ .
Onfd ahf/af6 pQ/ klZrdsf] af6f] nfu]kl5 laANof+6] eGg] ;fgf] a:tL cfp5 . xf], xf],
7Ls} eGg'ef] . Tof] gofF a:tL xf] . kfFry/sf] af6f] v'n]kl5 dflg;x?n] ToxfF a;f]af; yfn]sf x'g\ .
Tof] a:tLaf6 kfFry/ x'+b} tfKn]h'ª hfg] / Onfdsf] dfOkf]v/L x'+b} l;lSsd lt/ hfg] af6f] 5'l§G5 .
laANof+6]af6 bflxg] nfUg] af6f]sf] tkfO{+nfO{ ;Demgf xf]nf . xfd|f] 3/ hfg Tot} nfUg' k5{ .
laANof+6]af6 pQ/ nfu]kl5 hlxn] klg dnfO{ d cfsfz lt/ u}/x]5' h:tf] nfU5 . tkfO{|nfO{
l;dfgf 5'6\ofpg] kmfNnf]6sf] n]vsf] ;Demgf 5 < 7\ofSs} cfsf; yfd]/ a;] h:tf] b]lvG5 . lgofn]/
x]/\of] eg] o:tf] nfU5 – dfgf}+ ToxfF eGbf ptf s'g} lIflth g} 5}g . :s"ndf xs'{n;sf] syf k9\bf d
hlxn] klg ToxL kmfNnf]6sf] n]v ;lDemGy]+ . ;/n] k9fO/x+bf dnfO{ nfUYof] – xs'{n; ToxL n]vsf]
hËndf st} plePsf] 5 / p;sf b'O kfv'/Ln] gb]lvg] u/L cfsf; yfld/x]5g\ .
laANof+6]af6 clns dfly u};s]kl5 cfpg] a/af]6]sf] ;Demgf 5 lg xf]Og < xf], Tof]
a/af]6]af6 xfdL dfOkf]v/L hfg] af6f] 5f]8\5f}+ / km]l/ bflxg] nfU5f}+ . Tof] bflxg] af6f] t];f]{ 5 /
/dfOnf] 5 . ufpF, v]t, 3/, af/L, rf}tf/f] ;a}nfO{ kl/qmdf ub}{ nlDsPsf] Tof] af6f] cfkm}+df
/dfOnf]kgsf] 5ftL ag]sf] 5 . l5gl5gdf b[io km]l/+bf cfFvf klg rxlsnf] eP h:tf] nfUg] To:tf]
af6f] tkfO{+n] Hoft\ljlQ kfpg' x'Gg . ;fFRr} /dfOnf] af6f] 5 Tof] . tkfO{+ hfg' ePsf] 5}g < hfg'xf]nf
. c?a]nf hfg] df}sf k/]g eg] klg ;f]daf/] a]+;Lsf] d]nf nfUbf Tot}af6 emg'{xf]nf . dfG5] lx+8\5g\ .
To:tf] PsfGt 5}g . dfG5] lx+8\g EofPg eg] klg s]xL 5}g, Totfx'+bf] k|s[lt tkfO{+sf] sf]v}df 6fFl;P/
lx+l8/x]sf] x'g]5 .
Tof] af6f]nfO{ g5f]8L b'O 306f lx+8]kl5 ;'Da]s eGg] ufpF cfpF5 . ;'Da]s ufpFdf kfOnf]
xfNg' cl3 tkfO{+n] Pp6f vf]N;Ldf cfkm\gf] v'§fx? w'g Eofpg'x'G5 . vf]N;L t/]kl5 tkfO{+ ghflgbf]
kf/fn] t]l;{g' x'G5 . 9lNsP/ ;'t]sf] psfnf] h:tf] egf}+ g Û af6f] s/}+r] / leQf] rflx+ clns 7f8f]
h:tf] nfU5 . t/ clxn];Dd Totfx'+bf] k}/f] uPsf] 5}g . To;}n] 7f8f] leQf];Fu 8/fP/ af6fdf v'§f
sdfpg' kb}{g . Toltdfq xf]Og, tnlt/sf] afSnf] afF;3f/Ln] leQf]nfO{ ztflAbof}+b]lv yfld/x]sf] 5 .
tkfO{+ afF;emfËdf s/fPsf eFu]/fx?nfO{ lh:Sofpb} af6f] sf6\g ;Sg'x'G5 . afF;3f/L ;lsg] lalQs}
Ps x'n lrnfpg]sf ?vx?n] tkfO{+nfO{ cfkm\gf] 5xf/L d'lg pEofP/ :jfut ug]{5g\ .
lrnfpg]sf] ?v gf3]kl5 xfd|f] sfsfsf] af/Lsf] 8Ln e]l6G5 . sfG5fefOsL 5f]/Lsf] sfsf
sxfF x'G5g\ /] < Sof dhfn] ;dfTg' ef] < sfsf eg]sf] xh'/afsf] efOsf] 5f]/fsf] af/L eGof xf] d}n] .
xfd|f xh'/afx? b'O efO x'g'x'GYof] /] . sfG5f xh'/afsf ;Gtfgx?sf] /f;f]af;f] klg ;'Da]sd} 5 .
xfdL ldn]/} 3/fo;L sfdx? u5f}{+ . Ps csf{nfO{ uhf]{ kbf{ ;3fpg] u5f}{+ . To;}n] af]nL / Aojxf/
b'a}df xfdL Pp6} xfFuf]sf ;Gtfg h:tf] ePsf 5f}+ .
c+, clxn] klg Tof] rng Ho'+b} 5 . uhf]{df g;3fpg] t zx/ xf] . zx/sf] ;+:s[lt xf] .
zx/lt/ dflg;x? uhf]{ b]Vg'knf{ eg]/ cfFvf lrlDnG5g\ . ;+j]bgf, zx/sf ;8sdf lg:sg] lalQs}
lsg d5{ < tkfO{+n] ;f]wvf]h ug'{ efÚ 5 < zx/ ;3fpg lsg dfGb}g <
tkfO{+nfO{ Pp6f s'/f yfxf 5 < xfdL ufpFaf6 cfpg]nfO{ zx/ lr;f], sfnf] 9'Ëf] h:tf] nfU5
. aGh/, lg/; / cFWof/f] .
xf]Og, xf]Og . zx/ k|ltsf] of] d]/f] cflv/L b[li6sf]0f xf]Og . a? n]Vg';\, zx/ lsg z'is
x'G5 eg]/ ;f]lwPsf] of] Pp6f k|Zg dfq xf] . cflv/ h] 5 ToxL eGg' d]/f] st{Ao xf]Og / < ufpFdf
cnu cnu kl/jf/ eP klg xfdL Ps csf{nfO{ ;3fp5f}+ . t/ zx/df kl/jf/ cfkm}+ klg b'Mvsf]
kl/ro a'em\g rfx+b}g . l5d]sL eGg] zAb t zfob zx/sf] zAbsf]ifd} x'+b}g . s] tkfO{+n] zx/nfO{
o;eGbf k[ys cy{df a'em\g' ePsf] 5 <
x'G5 xfdL ufpF lt/} kmsf}{+ .
sfsfsf] af/Lsf] 8Ln gf3]kl5 b'O tLg v'8\lsnf cf]/fnf] tn emg'{k5{ . To;kl5 tkfO{+n]
chËsf a/lkknsf] rf}tf/L e]6\g' x'g]5 . xf], ToxL a/lkknsf] b]a|]lt/ xfd|f] 3/ 5 .
 ;'Da]ssf] xfd|f] k'Vof}{nL 3/, clxn] klg xfdL ;a}sf] k|ult lgofn]/ al;/x]sf] 5 . Ps
ztfAbL cl3b]lv To;sf] dfof p:t} 5 . To;sf] ddtf p:t} 5 / k|To]s lk+9Lsf xfdL ;Gtfgx?sf]
:d[ltdf To;sf] >4f klg p:t} 5 .
tkfO{+nfO{ km]l/ PskN6 Onfd hfg dg nfu]sf] 5 < Psbd /fd|f] . hfg'k5{ . d klg Onfd
hfg rflx/lx5' . hLjgdf w]/} b]lvof], w]/} ef]luof] . t/ hLjgn] zflGtsf] cg'e"lt kfPg . Tof] zflGt
ToxL Onfddf st} n's]/ a;]sf] 5 ls h:tf] nfu]sf] 5 . To;}n] zflGt vf]Hg d}n] Onfd hfg] larf/
u/]sL 5' . xfdL ;Fu} hfpFnf, x'Gg / <
cfˆgf] hGdynf]nfO{ ;a}n] dfof u5{g\ . vf;u/]/ of] zx/df a:g] xfdL ;a} cfˆgf]
hGdynf]nfO{ dfof u5f}{+ . tkfO{+nfO{ yfx} 5 – of] zx/sf, xfdL w]/} dflg;x? aflx/af6 cfP/ a;]sf
5f}+ / bzfAbL lalt;Sbf klg xfdL of] zx/sf x'g ;s]sf 5}gf}+ . zx/ lsg lsg ;w}+el/ k/rqmL x'+bf]
/x]5 – sf]xL cfˆgf] x'g g;Sg] . s;}nfO{ cfˆgf] agfpg g;lsg] . tkfO{+ d]/} cf]l/kl/ x]g'{;\ – d]/f]
3/ oxL+ 5 . t/ d of] zx/sL x'g ;s]sL 5}g . d]/f] >Ldfg oxfFsf] hgk|ltlglw x'g'x'G5 – t/ pxfF
hlxn] klg cfˆgf] kxf8sf] 3/af/L lgvGg kfP x'GYof] eg]/ lrlGtt /xg' x'G5 . pxfFn] clxn];Dd
sf7df08f} d]/f] xf] / d sf7df08f}sf] x'+ eg]/ zAb pRrf/0f u/]sf] d}n] ;'g]sL 5}g . cfd;efsf] s'/f
ug'{ ef < To;sf] s'/f] 5f]l8lbg';\ . /fhgLlt ug]{x?n] cfd;efdf s] s] af]Ng'k5{ eGg] s'g} 7]ufg
x'+b}g . lar/fx?sf] hLjg, cleg]tfsf] h:tf] x'G5 . d}n] w]/} glhsaf6 /fhgLlt ug]{sf] hLjg ef]u]sL
5' . Tof] cToGt} s[lqd x'G5 . To;}n] dnfO{ /fhgLlt ug]{x? k|lt bof nfU5 . g9f+6L eGg'x'G5 eg] –
pgLx? jf:tljs hLjg lhpg} gkfpg] k6\of/ nfUbf] gf6ssf c+Wof/f cg'xf/sf kfq x'g\ . To;}n]
cfkm\gf ;fyLefOnfO{ d eGg] u5'{ – /fhg]tfnfO{ ufnL gu/, bofsf] Gofgf] kfgLn] g'xfOlbP/
pgLx?sf] afFRg] clenfiffnfO{ hLljt /fv .
7Ls} eGg'ef], c?sf] s'/f] gsf6f}+ . tkfO{+n] 6\jfSs ;f]lwlbg' eof] – d klg pt} nfu]5' .
cfkm\g} s'/f u/f}+ . d / d]/f] >Ldfg dfq xf]Og, hf]sf]xLsf nflu klg zx/ k/fO3/ ePsf] 5 . d]/f
w]/} bfh'efOn] oxfF 3/ agfPsf 5g\ . cfdL{af6 kmls{+b} 3/ agfpg] rng g} rn]sf] 5 sf7df08f}df .
t/ cx+, tL sf]xL klg oxfFsf x'g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . c? klg d}n] To:tf ;of}+ dfG5] e]6]sL 5' hf]
zx/L hLjg;Fu jfSs ePsf 5g\ . oxfFsf] :jfy{, oxfFsf] cfTds]lGb|t hLjg–z}nLn] pgLx?nfO{
rf}la;} 306f kf]ln/xG5 . tkfO{+ klg aflx/af6} cfpg' ePsf] xf] < tkfO{+nfO{ o:tf] nfUb}g < cxf,
;lDemg';\ t, slt Odfgsf] hLjg afFr]sf] x'G5 ufpFdf < dbf{, kbf{ cfkmGtx? cf]l/kl/ e]nf x'G5g\ .
Pp6fsf] 6fpsf] b'Vbf bh{gf}+sf] dg lkl/G5 . dfG5] efO x'G5, sfsf x'G5, efph' x'G5], r]nL x'G5] .
htf x]/\of] pt} gftf . htf uof] pt} cfkmGt . To;}n] klg xf]nf aflx/af6 cfpg]x?n] zx/nfO{
cfˆgf] 3/ agfpg ;s]s} 5}gg\ . o;nfO{ 3/ agfpg klg ;lsb}g . jf:tjdf of] k;n xf] .
lbgel/sf] sf/f]af/ oxfFaf6 rNg ;S5 . t/ tkfO{+sf] 3/sf] ddtf g k;ndf lsGg ldN5 g a]Rg
;lsG5 . To;}n] d}n] cfkm\g} 3/ kmls{g] larf/ u/]sL xF' . d}n] pt} ;fgf] 6'qmf] hUuf lsGg] larf/
u/]sL x'+ . h] eP klg Onfd d]/f] dft[ynf] xf] . dnfO{ r]tgf lbg] Onfd g} xf] . dnfO{ a'l4 / ljj]s
lbg] klg Onfd g} xf] . To;nfO{ 5f]8]/, d]/f] /ut / k;Lgfsf] kf]v/LnfO{ ;d]t lrGg g;Sg] of]
zx/nfO{ d s;/L cfˆgf] agfpg ;S5' / <
tkfO{+n] 7Ls} eGg' ef] . d}n] klg To:t} ;f]r]sL 5' . pd]/sf] Pp6f kL+9Ldf k'u]kl5 z/L/n]
ysfO dfGg} k5{ . tkfO{+n] dg gnfuL gnfuL klg To;nfO{ ;'la:tf lbg'k5{ . Tof] ;'la:tfsf nflu
d}n] Onfdd} cfˆgf] rf}tf/L lrGg] larf/ u/]sL 5' . x'gt, cfhef]ln rf}tf/L lrGg] rng ;lsof] eGbf
klg x'G5 – t/ To;nfO{ Ao'+emfpg' k5{ . s] tkfO{+ dnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ tof/ x'g'x'G5 <
v'zL nfUof] . tkfO{+sf] s'/f] ;'g]/ v'zL nfUof] . 7Ls} 5, clxn] xfdL cfˆgf] sfd ;sf}+ . tkfO{+
n]Vg';\ . ldnfP/} n]Vg';\ . d tkfO{+nfO{ ;'gfp5' . dnfofdf hlGdP/, Onfddf x'ls{PsL, 3f]kf
SofDksf] s7f]/ cg'zf;gdf n]vk9 u/]/, sf7df08f}sf] kL8fbfoL hLjg y]u]sL of] PSsfO;f}+
ztfJbLsL ;'lDgdfsf] syf h;/L n]Vbf tkfO{+nfO{ ;Gtf]s nfU5 – To;} u/L n]Vg';\ . n]lv/xg';\ .

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 xf], o:tf] ljlrqtf d}n] w]/} ;'g]sL 5' . ef]u]sL 5}g . xfdL t b]jfg g} eof}+ / s;}n] xfdLnfO{
/fO{ jf lnDa' eg]gg\ . t/ cGoq o:tf] ;d:of /x]5 . /fO{x?sf] a:tL afSnf] ePsf] 7fpFdf a:g]
b]jfgx?nfO{ dfG5]n] /fO{ g} eGbf /x]5g\ . clg lnDa'x?sf] afSnf] a:tLdf c6fPsf b]jfgx?nfO{
dfG5]n] lnDa' g} eGbf /x]5g\ . nfdf] sfn;Dd b]jfgx?sf] cfkm\gf] kl/ro g} lyPg5 . ltgLx? /fO /
lnDa'sf] 7"nf] ayfgdf x/fpg jfWo t'NofOPsf /x]5g\ . kl/roxLgtfsf] of] kL8f d}n] c? b]jfg
bfh'efO{sf] ;':s]/fdf ;'g]sL 5' . t/ xfdLn] o:tf] ef]Ug' k/]g . xfd|f cfkmGtx?df /fO{ / lnDa' b'a}
5g\ / b'a}y/L;Fu xfd|f] ;DaGw ;'dw'/ 5 . b'a}y/Ln] xfd|f] :jtGq cl:tTj :jLsf/]sf 5g\ . To;}n]
xfdL /fO{ / lnDa'af6 leGg 5f}+ . xfdL ufpFdf klg b]jfg g} /x\of}+ / cfdL{df klg xfdLn] b]jfgs}
?kdf cfkm\gf] kl/ro lbof}+ .
x]g'{;, dnfO{ of] lx;fa lstfa cfpb}g . dnfO{ nfU5 – /fO{ , lnDa' jf b]jfgx? p:t} x'g\ .
pgLx? ;a} ls/fFtL x'g\ . x'g;S5, clxn] afFl8Psf] y/ pgLx?sf] sfdsf] kl/ro xf];\ . /fO{sf] /fHo
ePsf] Oltxf; klg xfdLn] k9]sf 5f}+ / lnDa'x? klg zf;s ePsf] Oltxf; xfdL;Fu 5 . tL b'a}
/fHodf n]vfk9L ug]{ Psvfnsf ls/f+tLx? b]jfg eP x'gg\ . dfemls/fFtsf] b/af/df n]vfk9L ug]{x?
klg b]jfg elgP xf]nfg\ . clg kNnf]ls/fFtsf n]vfk9L hfGg]x? klg b]jfg elgP xf]nfg\ . To;}n]
sf]xL b]jfg /fO{sf] ;+utLdf x]lnP xf]nfg\, sf]xL b]jfg lnDa'sf] ;+utLdf /dfP xf]nfg\ .
5}g, 5}g . clxn];Dd 5}g / s;}n] vf]h]sf] xf]nf h:tf] klg dnfO{ nfUb}g . t/ b]jfg y/sf]
;DaGw ef/tLo /hf}6fx?sf] Oltxf;df kfOg] lbjfg zAb;Fu 5+b}5}g eGg] dnfO{ nfUb}g . ef/tdf
d'unx?sf] /fHo 5+bf g} lbjfg x'Gy] Sof / Û ToxL lbjfg xfd|f] lt/ k;]/ b]jfg ePsf] xf] ls Û h]xf];\
. zAbsf] kl5 gs'bf}+ . clxn] d tkfO{+nfO{ olQ egf}+ – d]/f] a'emfOdf xfdL ls/fFt xf}+ / ls/fFtL xfdL
eP klg geP klg g]kfnsf] cNk;+Vos ;d'bfosf dflg; rflx+ xfdL kSs} xf}+ . klxn] klxn] la|l6z
cfdL{df b]jfg eg]kl5 elt{ ;d]t kfOb}gYof] /] . To;}n] xfd|f sltko afh] a/fh'x? /fO{ jf lnDa'
n]vfP/ etL{ ePsf] syf a8fn] ;'gfpg' x'GYof] . clxn] klg tkfO{+ stfslt dfq} b]jfgsf] rrf{
;'Gg'x'G5 . xfd|f] hfltdf sf]xL dflg; To:tf 7"nfa8f e};s]sf klg 5}gg\ . To;}n] pgLx?n] cfˆgf]
k'Vof}{nL vf]Hg], To;nfO{ s'g} ljlzi7 Oltxf; k|l;4 hflt;Fu nu]/ hf]8\g] sfd klg u/]sf 5}gg\ .
d}n] d]/f w]/} bfh'efO;Fu, a8fafp / sfsfx?;Fu Oltxf; vf]Hg] cfu|x u/]sL 5' . t/ cxF, clxn];Dd
xfd|f] Oltxf; ;ft, cf7 k':tf eGbf k/ hfg} ;s]sf] 5}g . Oltxf; To;/L gtlGsPsf] x'gfn] klg
xfd|f] ljut ls/ft zf;sx? lt/} uP/ 7f]lSsG5 ls eGg] nfu]sf] xf] .
tkfO{+nfO{ /f]rs nfUg] csf]{ Pp6f s'/f egf}+ < cfhef]ln of] hflt, hghflt s] s] eGg] ax;
rn]sf] 5 lg, Tof] ax;df xfdL st} 5}gf}+ . xfdL /fO{ xf]Ogf}+ . xfdL lnDa' klg xf]Ogf}+ . xfdL n]Krf
xf]Ogf}+ / xfdL u'?Ë klg xf]Ogf}+ . oL ;a} ;d'xx? hghfltdf c6fPsf 5g\, t/ xfd|f] Oltxf; st}
5}g . o:tf] nfU5 – hflt x'g dfq xf]Og, hghflt x'g klg ;d'bfodf sf]xL 7"nf] dfG5] hlGdlbg' k5{
. hftLsf] Oltxf; sf]l/g dfq xf]Og, hghftLsf] Oltxf; sf]l/g klg tkfO{+sf] ;d'bfodf sf]xL
k|ltli7t / k|efjzfnL pleg} k5{ .
dfG5] To;/L gx/fpg' kg{] xf] – t/ x/fpg] eof] . o;df lrQ b'vfP/ x'G5 g} s] / < c?
hghftLdf 7"nf dflg;x? lyPx'g\, pgLx?sf] kx'+r klg x'+bf] xf], To;}n] pgLx? hghftLsf] dfnfdf
plgP x'g\ . xfdL sf]xL Totfx'+bf] k'Ug ;s]gf}+ . xfdL tnsf dflg;x?, cfkm\g} kl;gfdf /dfpg]
dflg;x? Tof] Gofgf] sfk]{6 cf]5\ofPsf] sf]7f leq} l5g}{ ;s]gf}+, To;}n] xfdL hghftL klg x'g kfPgf}+ .
hftL x'+bf 7"nf] x'g] of hghftL x'+bf] 7"nf] x'g] cGwljZjf; gePsf] x'gfn] dnfO{ t o;df s]xL h:tf]
nfu]g . t/ xfd|f b]jfg ;GttLx?nfO{ gld7f] nfUof] g} .
tkfO{+nfO{ d cfkm\gf] 3/s} s'/f] ;'gfpF . g]kfnsf hghfltsf] gfdgfd];L 5flkP/ cfPkl5
Pp6f ;fFemdf d]/f] afn] xfdL 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ 7§} 7§fdf ;'gfpg' ePsf] lyof] – gfgL xf], xfdL g /fO{
eof}+ g lnDa' . xfdL g hftL eof}+, g hghftL . To;f] eP xfdL sf] eof}+ < xfdL /fhk't eP5f}+ .
g]kfndf sf]xL gx'g]x? /fhk't x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] ca xfdLn] cfkm\gf] Oltxf;nfO{ o;/L eGg
yfNg'k5{ – /fO{ lnDa'nfO{ /fhsfhdf ;3fpg] pRr hfltsf dflg;x? xfd|f k'vf{ lyP5g\ . xfd|f
k'vf{x? plxNo}b]lv lj4fg lyP5g\ . ltgnfO{ oxfFsf /fO{ lnDa' zf;sn] lgj]bg xfn]/ t/fOsf] dlnnf]
d}bfgaf6 of] kxf8sf] vs{df NofPsf /x]5g\ . kl5 pgLx?;Fu /x+bf a:bf xfd|f k'vf{n] pgLx?sf]
;+:s[lt / ;+:sf/ l;s]5g\ . t/ pgLx? hghftL rflx+ x'g EofPg5g\ === cflb cflb . afsf] 7§f
lk8fdf 3f]lnPsf] lyof] t/ Tof] xfdLnfO{ /dfOnf] nfUof] . To;nfO{ clxn] klg /dfOn} dflg/lxPsf] 5
. xfd|f w]/} bfh'efO{x? dgsf] ax kf]Vg'k/\of] eg] o:t} 7§f u/]/ cfkm"nfO{ zfGTjgf lbg vf]Hg'x'G5 .
Pp6f s'/f tkfO{+nfO{ ;f]w'+ < hghftLsf] xs xLt eg]/ s'nL{ s'nL{ s/fpg]x?n] xfdLnfO{
la;{g'sf] sf/0f s] xf]nf <
7Ls} eGg'ef], tkfO{+nfO{ sxfFaf6 yfxf xf];\ Û
=== === ===

xf]Og . 5 . lsg gx'g] <

Tof] t yfxf 5 . ;+v'jf;efdf st}lt/ b]jfgx?sf] 7"nf] a:tL 5 / xfdL ;a}sf] k'Vof}{nL ToxL
xf] eGg] xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 . xf], xf], Pp6f ;+u7g klg ag]sf] 5 . t/ d ;+u7gx?df nfUg Eofplbg .
xf]Og, xf]Og, ?rL 5}g eGg] s'/f] xf]Og . a? o;f] egf}+ – kmut ;+u7gn] s]xL x'G5 eGg] s'/fdf d]/f]
TolQ;fx|f] ljZjf; 5}g . tkfO{+nfO{ yfx} 5 – ;+u7gx?df ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;+u7g eg]sf] kf6L{ xf] .
kf6L{d} ljZjf; geP/ cnlUuPsL d h:tL dfG5]nfO{ To:tf ;+u7gdf afFlwg] km';{b sxfFaf6 lg:sG5
/ < cflv/ ;+u7gn] ug]{ klg s]xL xf]Og . ug]{ eg]sf] ;+u7gdf ePsf] dflg;n] xf] . tkfO{+ cfˆgf]
v'§fdf pleg ;Sg] x'g'ePg eg] ;+u7gn] tkfO{+nfO{ v'§fdf pEofpg ;Sb}g . To;}n] klxn] dfG5] xf]
clg dfq ;+u7g xf] eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] xf] .
Tof] t cf–cfˆgf] ljrf/ xf] . c?;Fu d]/f] ljrf/ ldNg'k5{ eGg] dnfO{ nfUb}g . d}n] ;+u7gdf
sfd u/]+ . kf6L{df d}n] k"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{ eP/ sfd u/]+ . Tolta]nf d}n] ;fx|} ;d[4 cg'ejx? klg
;+ufn]+ . kl5 d tkfO{+nfO{ Tolta]nfsf] /f]rs, /f]dfGrs, cfsif{s syf ;'gfpg]5' . b'O jif{sf] Tof]
k"0f{sfnLg /fhgLlts hLjgn] dnfO{ aL; jif{sf] lzIff lbPsf] 5 . t/ kf6L{df nfu]/ d cl3 a9\g
;lSbg eGg] nfu]kl5 d}n] cfˆgf] hLjgnfO{ cGoq df]8]+ . d :j]R5fn] :jtGq ePF . d}n] ljBfyL{ /
dlxnf ;+u7gx?df sfd u/]+ . ToxfF sfd ubf{ klg d}n] cfˆgf] dxTjk"0f{ phf{ vlr{PF . t/ cxF,
ToxfFaf6 klg d}n] s]xL xf]nf eGg] b]lvg . To;kl5 d AolQmdf ?kfGtl/t ePF . clxn] d h] 5',
Pp6f JolQm 5' / JolQm eP/} d}n] s]xL u/]sL 5' . dnfO{ nfU5 – d}n] clxn] Pp6f kf6L{n] ug{
g;s]sf], Pp6f ;+u7gn] ug{ g;s]sf] sfd ul//x]sL 5' . lxhf] s'g} vf; 38Ldf d kf6L{sf nflu
lrGtfsf] ljifo ag]sL lyPF . clxn] d kf6L{nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ ePsL 5' . d / ;+u7g aLrsf] of]
;DaGw d]/f nflu clGtd ePsf] 5 .
e}xfNof] . o;df ax; gu/f}+ . o:tf s'/fdf ax; ug{ d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ klv{/xg} kb}{g . d]/f]
3/d} Pp6f ;+:yf 5 . tkfO{+n] lrGg'ePs} 5 – d]/f] >Ldfg Pp6f kf6L{sf] g]tf x'g'x'G5 . 7"n} g]tf
x'g'x'G5 / ;a}yf]s kf6L{n] g} ug{;S5 eg]/ xfdLnfO{ ;d]t a]jf:tf u/]/ n8fO{+df le8\g' ePsf] 5 .
To;}n] ax; ug}{ kbf{ pxFf;Fu} u/] e}xfN5 . clxn] d cfˆgf] syf eG5', tkfO{+ n]lv/xg';\ . xfd|f]
;dembf/L o;}df ldn]sf] xf]Og / <
xf], xfdL ;+v'jf;efsf] s'/f ul//x]sf lyof}+ . cx+, d uPsL 5}g . p;f] t, d g]kfnsf w]/}
7fpFdf hfg} EofPsL 5}g . 3'dlkm/df d clns cN5L dfG5] x'+ . t/ d gk'u] klg xfdL ;a}nfO{ yfxf
ePsf] s'/f] oxL xf] – b]jfgx?sf] k'Vof}{nL ;+v'jf;e} xf] . Tof] k'Vof}{nLsf] 8f]/f] s;/L tflgPsf] 5 /
xfdL s;/L Onfd k'Uof}+ eGg] xfdL s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g . d]/f afx?, sfsfx? s;}n] klg xfd|f] ultsf]
Oltxf; hfGg' ePg . To;}n] xfdLn] klg Tof] hfg]gf}+ . kl5 sf]xL lj4fgn] b]jfgx?sf] ofofj/Lsf
af/]df ;"rgf ;+sng ug'{eof] eg] pxfFx?nfO{ wGojfb lbp+nf, clxn] h] hflgPsf] 5 To;}df /dfpg'
knf{ .
xf], b]jfgx? wgs'6fdf klg 5g\ . zfob t]x|y'dd} klg xf]nfg\ . dnfO plQ;fx|f] yfxf 5}g .
Onfddf xfdL 5f}+ . bflh{lnËdf klg b]jfgx? 5g\ . zfob l;lSsddf klg 5g\ . g]kfnaf6} k|jf;LP/
cf;fd, dl0fk'/, gfufNof08 lt/ klg sf]xL k'u]sf xf]nfg\ . nfx'/df cfw'lgstf ylk+b} uPkl5 b]jfgx?
;'g;/L, sf7df08f} / nlntk'/df klg km}lnPsf 5g\ . t/ xfdLn] ;a}sf] tYofÍ ;d]6]sf 5}gf}+ .
Tof] klg eG5g\ . b'Ovfnsf b]jfgsf] s'/f] d}n] ;'g]sL 5' . xfd|} Onfddf b'O vfn] b]jfg 5g\
. t/ ltgLx? lsg b'Ovfn] eP eGg] rflx+ dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . d}n] yfxf kfpg rfx]sL klg 5}g .
b]jfgnfO{ ofSvf klg eG5g\ /] Û x]k]/ ofSvf eg]sf] xf] ls h:tf] nfU5 . t/ ;fFRrf] s'/f] s] xf] dnfO{
yfxf 5}g . k"j{lt/, a]+;Ldf agfOg] ;fgf] uf]7nfO{ ofS;f elgG5 . n]vdf klg ofS;f x'G5g\ . ofS;fdf
a;f]af; ug]{x?sf] ax';+Vof ls/fFtx?s} lyof] xf]nf . Psfw ;o jif{ cufl8 t k"j{lt/, vf;u/]/ c?0f
eGbf k"j{lt/ ls/f+tLx? dfq} lyP eGbf klg x'G5 . To:tf] a]nfdf ofS;fdf a:g] u/La ls/f+tLx?nfO{
;]tf 3/df a:g] wgL ls/f+tLx?n] ofS;fnL eg] x'gg\ . ltg} ofS;fnLx? kl5 ofSvfnL x'+b} ofSvf
ePsf x'g\ ls Û t/ dnfO{ o;af/]df g;f]Wg';\ . d hflGbg . dnfO{ hfGg] rfxgf klg 5}g . h] eP
klg xfdL dflg; xf]Ogf}+ / < ofSvfsf] /ut ;]tf] clg c? b]jfgsf] /ut /ftf] t x'+b}g . ofSvfn]
gfsn] af]Ng] clg c? b]jfgn] sfgn] af]Ng] klg x'+b}g . cyjf ofSvf 6fpsfn] 6]Sg] clg b]jfg xftn]
6]s]/ bf}l8g] klg x'+b}g .
xf]Og, xf]Og, ofSvf eP/ d}n] To;f] eg]sf] xf]Og . b]jfg x'g' of ofSvf x'g';Fu d]/f] egfOsf]
s'g} ;DaGw 5}g . xfdL ofSvf xf]Ogf}+ . afx? eGg'x'GYof] – xfdL / ofSvf km/s km/s xf}+ /] . d}n]
rflx+ ofSvf / xfdLdf s'g} km/s b]v]sL 5}g . d]/f ;a} ;fyLx? ofSvf g} lyP / pgLx? d h:t}
lyP . xfd|f] efjgf klg p:t} lyof] . d}n] h;/L cfkm\g} ldlxg]t / kl;gfn] cfkm"nfO{ d agfPsL 5',
ltgLx? klg To;/L g} ldlxg]tL eP/ cfkm\gf] :jfledfgnfO{ hf]ufO/x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] d cfkm" rflx+
ofSvf / b]jfg b'O y/L x'g\, ltgLx? km/s x'g\ eGg] ljZjf; ulb{g . d ;a}nfO{ b]jfg n]vf}+, xfdL
;a} b]jfg xf}+ eGg] u5'{ . xfdL oyfy{df Pp6} xf}+ / dnfO{ nfU5 – Oltxf;sf] s'g} sfnv08df Pp6f
;fgf] 36gfn] xfdLnfO{ b'O{ efudf lr/]sf] x'g;S5 . d Tof] lr/f] k'l/of];\ eGg] rfxG5' . xfdL ;a}
b]jfg xf}+ . xfdL ;a} dflg; xf}+ . olQ dfq ;lDemof}+ eGg] d rfxG5' .
d}n] cl3 g} eg]+ – xfdL ;+v'jf;efaf6 s;/L Onfd k'Uof}+ eGg], xfdL s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g .
xfdL cfkm\g} Onfdsf] gfnLa]nLdf afFr]sf 5f}+ / d tkfO{+nfO{ ToxL gfnLa]nL ;'gfpg rfxG5' .
g]kfndf s;}sf] gfnLa]nL /fh:yfg;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5, s]fxL u9jfn k'u]sf 5g\ eg] sf]xL Tof] eGbf k/
;Eotfsf] cf/De;Dd} 5'g rflx/x]5g\ . xfdL Toqf] dxTjfsf+IfL 5}gf}+ . xfdL h] 5f}+ jt{dfgd} 5f}+ /
;w}+el/ cfˆgf] jt{dfg lnP/} lx+8g\ rfxG5f}+ . To;}n] cfhsf] jt{dfg hfx]/ ug{ xfdL cfkm" cf]l/kl/sf]
k':tfsf] syf ;'gfP/ ;Gt'i6 x'g rfxG5f}+ .
 d]/f] kl/jf/
d}n] z'?df xfdL tLg hgf lbbLalxgL hlGdPsf] s'/f ;'gfPF . t/ xfdL efOa}gf, tLg hgf
dfq xf]Og w]/} 5f}+ . tkfO{+ 5Ss kg'{x'G5 . cfhef]ln zx/ ahf/df, lzlIft kl/jf/df kl/jf/ lgof]hg
;kmn ePsf] 5 . To; ;d'bfosf cfdfafa'x? w]/} 5f]/f5f]/L hGdfpg rfxb}gg\ . d}n] g} rflxg . d]/L
Pp6L 5f]/L dfq 5 . t/ clxn] klg ufpF3/df kl/jf/ lgof]hg c;kmn e}/x]5 . ;/sf/sf] c/af}+sf]
nufgL x'+bf t kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] of] xfnt 5 eg] kl/jf/ lgof]hg eGg] zAb ufpFdf k'Ub} gk'u]sf]
a]nfdf ;Gtfg yf]/} x'g] s] cfwf/ lyof] / < To;afx]s Tolta]nf w]/} 5f]/f5f]/L, cfdfafa'sf nflu
af]em x'+b}gy] . w]/} ;Gtfg x'g' a? uj{s} s'/f] x'GYof] .
To;}n] xfdL w]/} 5f]/f5f]/L eof}+ . xfdL bz hgf efOa}gf 5f}+ . 5Ss kg'{ef] < d}n] eGof lyPF
lg Û d]/f] afsf bz hgf ;Gtfg 5f}+ . h]7fa8fsf klg em08} Tolt g} cyf{t\ cf7 hgf 5g\ / dfOnf
a8fsf klg cf7 hgf 5f]/f5f]/L 5g\ .
t/ xfdL sf]xL klg afpcfdfsf nflu af]em ePgf}+ . xfdL ;a}n] cfˆgf] 8'Ëf cfkm}+
lvofO/x]sf 5f}+ . sf]xL :jb]zdf 5f}+ – sf]xL ljb]zdf 5f}+ . xfdLn] cfkm\gf cfdfafa'nfO{ clnslt klg
b'Mv lbPsf 5}gf}+ . ;'v klg lbg ;s]sf 5}gf}+ xf]nf, t/ xfdLn] pxfFx?nfO{ ?jfPsf 5}gf}+ . lk/fPsf
5}gf}+ . xfdL 6f9f x'+bf lr7L / 6]lnkmf]gaf6 Ps csf{sf ;dfrf/x? lng] lbg] u5f}{+ . jif{df Psfw
k6s h;/L klg e]6\5f}+ / k|To]s e]6df xfdL /dfp5f}+ .
;a} kl/jf/ o:t} x+'b}gg\ < x'+b}gg\ xf]nf . dnfO{ o;af/] TolQ /fd|f] hfgsf/L 5}g . lsgeg]
d}n] clxn];Dd w]/} kl/jf/sf] syf ;'Gg] rf;f] /fv]s} 5}g . t/ tkfO{+nfO{ egf}+ < d}n] e]6]sf yf]/}
kl/jf/sf] hLjg ;fFRr} d}n] eg] h:t} ;'vL 5 .
s;/L ;'vL 5 < ul0ftsf] pQ/ h;/L d 7\ofSs To;sf] pQ/ eGg ;lSbg . d}n] To;/L
vf]Hg] sf]lzz klg u/]sL 5}g . t/ clxn] tkfO{+sf] k|Zg ;'Gbf dnfO{ nfU5 – ;'vsf nflu km/flsnf]
dgsf] cfjZostf k5{ . bfh'n] nfPsf] efOnfO{ dg kg'{k5{, lbbLn] vfPsf] a}gLnfO{ :jflbnf] nfUg'k5{
. cfˆgf] ;'vdf /dfpg sf]xL tof/ x'g'x'+b}g, t/ csf{sf] b'Mvdf ;';fpg ;a}n] ;Sg'k5{ . To:tf] eof]
eg] ;a}sf] kl/jf/ ;'vL x'G5 .
xf]Og, xf]Og . ;a}lt/ o:t} x'g'k5{ eGg] s]xL 5}g . tkfO{+n] kl/jf/ leqsf] ;'vsf] kl/efiff
;f]Wg'eof] . d}n] atfPF . a;\ . of] s'g} cfbz{ klg xf]Og . dg nfUbf / ;Sbf o:tf] Jojxf/ ug'{ /fd|f]
xf] eGg] d]/f] a'emfO dfq xf] . cyjf o;f] egf}+, xfd|f] kl/jf/ ;'vL xf];\ eGgfsf vflt/ xfdLn]
/fhLv'zLn] o;f] ul//x]sf 5f}+ .
cx+, xf]Og . k};f ;'vsf] cfwf/ xf]Og . d}n] k};f w]/} b]v]sL 5' . clxn] sdfpg yfn]/ xf]Og,
aRr}b]lv k};fsf] kpn d}n] b]v]sL 5' . tkfO{+nfO{ egf}+ < s]6fs]6Ldf a]nf a]nfdf d]/L cfdf ;'gsf
la:s'6x? nu]/ ahf/df a]Rg' x'GYof] . xfd|f] 3/sf] sf7sf] 7"nf] afs;df ;'gsf nfdf nfdf n'D;fx?
x'Gy] / PskN6 To:t} Ps d'7L n'D;f lbP/ afn] 7"nf] c/aL 3f]8f lsGg' ePsf] lyof] . s]6fs]6Lb]lv g}
xfdL ld7} vfGYof}+, /fd|} nfpYof}+ . ;fgf]df d}n] nufpg] k|ms 5'g kfpbf klg ufpFsf bf}+t/Lx? bË ky]{
. s]6fs]6Lsf] s'/f xf] – afn] dnfO{ snsQfaf6 5fnfsf] h'Qf NofOlbg' ePsf] lyof] . clxn] To:tf]
h'Qf ;a}n] nfp5g\ . t/ Tolta]nf xfd|f] ufpFdf s;};Fu To:tf] h'Qf lyPg . d}n] ;fgf s]6fs]6Lx?sf]
s'/f u/]sf] xf]Og, 7"n} dflg;x?;Fu klg To:tf] h'Qf lyPg . Tof] a]nf d ;fx} s]6fs]6L lyPF . To:t}
rf/ kfFr jif{sf] pd]/ x'+bf] xf] . Tof] h'Qf s'g bflxg] xf] / s'g b]a|] xf] eGg] dnfO{ yfxf x'+b}gYof] .
To;}n] d cfdfnfO{ eft vfg] xft k§Lsf] h'Qfdf rsn] O06' n]Vg nfp+y] . df]hf nfPkl5 d eft
vfg] xft s'g xf] eg]/ cfkm\gf b'a} xft kfn} kfnf] d'vlt/ n}hfGy]+ . h'g xftn] eft vfg ;lhnf]
h:tf] nfUYof] – Tof] xftk§Lsf] v'§fdf lrgf] nufPsf] h'Qf 3';fy]{+ . xfF:g' ef] < x;fpg] s'/} xf] . d]/f
;fyLx? d}n] h'Qf nfPsf] x]l//xGy] / d hlxn] klg eft vfg] / gvfg] xftdf cndlnO/xGy]+ .
s]6fs]6Ldf d ;fx|} c;n lyOg . d /fd|L lyPF /] Û Tof] t tkfO{+ clxn] klg elg/xg' ePsf]
5 . s]6fs]6Ldf p;} klg ;a} /fd|f x'G5g\ . To;dfly cfdfafa'sf nflu cfkm"n] hGdfPsf h:t} klg
5f]/f5f]/L k'tnL x'g] e}xfNg] eP . dnfO{ nfU5 – To;} cy{df d s]6fs]6Ldf /fd|L lyPF x'+nf .
xfd|f] afnfO{ 5f]/f5f]/L lh:Sofpg v'a} dg kYof]{ . d cln cln ;lDemG5' . pxfF dnfO{
lh:Sofpb} eGg'x'GYof] – tF d]/L 5f]/L xf]Og;\ . t+ rfOlgh xf];\ . tFnfO{ d}n] dnfofaf6 dfu]/ Nofsf] .
afn] Tolt eGbf geGb} d sf]sf]xf]nf] dRrfP/ ?g yflnxfNy]+ . d]/f] ?jfO{ crDes} lyof] . /f]Pkl5
yfldg} ghfGg] . dnfO{ kmsfpg] tfut s;}df x'+b}gYof] /] Û ?Fbf ?Fbf d]/f] cg'xf/ g} xl/of] x'GYof] /] Û
To;}n] s]6fs]6Ldf cfdf dnfO{ ufnL ubf{ xl/d':nL eGg'xG' Yof] /] . ?+bf ?+b} d cfdfsf] sfvdf
lgbfpy]+ /] . /ftL klg d]/f] lxSsf 5'l6/xGYof] /] Û
w]/} 5f]/f 5f]/L ePsf] x'gfn] cfdfsf] Kof/f] sfvdf d w]/} jif{;Dd lgbfpg kfOg . lbbL eGbf
d tLg jif{ sfG5L 5' eg]/ d}n] elgxfn]+ . t/ a}gL / d]/f] pd]/sf] leGgtf eg] Ps jif{sf] dfq} 5 .
To;}n] d}n] cfdfsf] b'w r':tf r':t} a}gLsf] kfnf] cfOxfNof] . d}n] wLt df/]/ cfdfsf] b'w vfg kfOg
. clxn] klg dnfO{ cfdfsf] b'wsf] wLt d/]sf] 5}g . To;}n] d}n] cfkm\gL 5f]/LnfO{ 7"nL x'Gh]n;Dd b'w
v'jfO/x]+ . tkfO{+ ;'Gbf xf:g' x'G5 . lar/L d]/L 5f]/L cfhef]ln nfh dfG5] . Tof] :s"ndf k9\bf klg
v'?// s'b]/ cfpyL . cfFt k'g]{ u/L b'w tfGyL / Snf;df k9\g hfGyL . 5f]/LnfO{ To;/L b'w v'jfpg
kfpbf d t[Kt x'Gy]+ .
cfˆgf] cfFt k'l/g gkfPkl5 dfG5] cfkm}+n] ljsNk vf]Hbf] /x]5 . s]6fs]6Ldf d ;fx|} g/fd|/L
cf}+nf r':y]+ /] . a'9L cf}+nf . dnfO{ cln cln ;Demgf 5 . d]/f] xft–r';fO b]v]/ cfdf lbSs
dfGg'x'GYof] . pxfF slxn] ltt]kftLsf] emf]ndf d]/f] cf}+nf] rf]aNg' x'GYof] / ltt]kftLsf] emf]ndf 8'afPsf]
em'd|f]n] cf}+nf 6Gg afFlwlbg' x'GYof] . Psl5gsf] lttf] vKg g;s]/ d s/fp+y]+ . t/ Tof] lttf]sf] :jfb
lha|f]af6 ;lsg klg gEofpb} km]l/ cf}+nf] r':g yflnxfNy]+ . lbSs eP/ Psfw k6s t cfdfn] d]/f]
a'9L cf}+nfdf uf]a/ klg afFlwlbg' ePsf] lyof] . o:tf cg]s pkfo ubf{ klg g/f]lsPsf] d]/f] cf}+nf]
r';fO{ cf7 gf} jif{sf] pd]/df kfOnf] xfn]kl5 To;} x/fof] . zfob b'w r':g] pd]/kl5 dleqsf] b'w
vfg] wf]sf] klg d/]/ uof] .
v]ns"b < ufpFdf xfdL v]ns"b v]Nb}gYof}+ . clxn] t ufpFdf v]ns'b k'u]sf] 5}g eg] Tolta]nf
emg s] x'GYof] / < xf], Tolta]nf s]6fx? 808Llaof] v]Ny] . u'Rrf v]Ny] . xfdL s]6Lx? u§f v]NYof}+ .
t/ d}n] To;/L u§f klg v]lng . v]ns'b eg]sf] t :s"n hfg yfn]kl5 l;s]sf] dfq xf] .
:s"n < :s"nsf] syf klg cfp5 . af l/6fo/ eP/ g]kfn kmls{g' eof] . # jif{ TolQs}
a:g'eof] . afnfO{ Aofkf/ ug]{ nx8 rn]5 . clxn] klg pxfFnfO{ Tof] nx8n] ;tfO/xG5 . slxn] s]
ug'{ x'G5, slxn] s] . cfh;Dd s'g} Aofkf/n] klg pxfFnfO{ ;fy lbPsf] 5}g . klxn] 3f]8f v]Kg' x'GYof]
. 3f]8f d/]/ ;lsP . To;kl5 afn] Pp6f k;n rnfpg yfNg'eof] . 5 dxLgf hlt k;n rNof] .
pwf/f] afF8\bf afF8\b} k;n klg ;lsof] . clns lbg pxfFn] wfgsf] uNnf klg rnfpg' eof] . t/
pxfFn] wfg lsGbf dxËf] x'g] clg wfg a]Rg] a]nfdf lsg]sf] eGbf ;:tf] x'g] l:ylt ;w}+ /x\of] .
cfdfsf] :jefj afsf] eGbf l7Ss pN6f] lyof] . cfdfnfO{ a]kf/ eg]sf] s]xLsf] klg dg gkg]{
. xfd|f] 3/df tkfO{+ slxNo} hfg' ePsf] 5 < 5}g . To;}n] tkfO{+n] d]/L cfdfsf] :jefj yfxf kfpg'
ePsf] 5}g . xfd|f] 3/df b'O tLg ;o t s'v'/f dfq} x'G5g\ . xfdL nf]sn s'v'/f dfq} kfN5f}+ clg ;a}
s'v'/f vfP/} l;Wofp5f}+ . xfd|f] 3/sf] s'v'/f v'jfO klg uhasf] x'G5 . cfhef]ln klg cfdf, ;a}
5f]/f5f]/Lsf nflu s'v'/f k7fOlbg' x'G5, v'ËLdf xfn]/ . P kb}{g eGof], cfdfsf] dg dfGg] xf]Og .
To;}n] df}sf ldNbf of] zx/df klg xfdL cfˆgf] 3/df x'ls{Psf] nf]sn s'v'/fsf] vfGsL rnfp5f}+ .
xfdL ;a} bfh'efO{ lbbLalxgLsf] cj:yf o:t} xf] . ;a}sf] 3/df cfdfn] kfn]sf s'v'/fx? lgoldt
?kd} k'lu/x]sf x'G5g\ . 3/df hfFbfsf] vfGsL t emg} uhasf] x'G5 . xfdL 5f]/f5f]/Lx? dfq e]nf x'+bf
cln cln sl;nf] x'G5 . laxfg Pp6f, a]n'sf Pp6f s'v'/fsf] df;' kfS5 3/df . t/ cfkm\gf HjfO{+x?
hfFbf cfdfn] pTkft} ug'{ x'G5 .
cx+, xfd|f] 3/df /S;L vfg] rng 5}g . klxn] klxn] af Pshgf x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFn] klg /S;L
5f]8]kl5 /S;L aGb} ePsf] 5 3/df . rf8 kj{df l/t k'/\ofpg 3/sf] d'nLn] /S;L rfVg] jfWotf
Pp6f xf] . gq 3/df sf]xL /S;L vfFb}gg\ . t/ cfdf hfF8 kfg'{ x'G5 . vf;u/]/ HjfO{+x? 3/ cfpg]
df}sf kf/]/ cfdfn] hfF8 xfNg] ug'{ePsf] 5 . HjfO{+nfO{ tf]ªaf Vjfpg' k5{ /] Û HjfO{+x? 3/df hfFbf
s'v'/fsf] ;]s'jfsf] uGwn] 3/} prfn]sf] x'G5 . c?a]nf db eg]kl5 b'/\ b'/\ ug]{ d]/f] >Ldfg klg
;;'/fnL uPkl5 rf+bLn] afFw]sf] efF8f]df tf]ªaf tfGg'x'G5 / nf]sn s'v'/fsf] ;]s'jf /; dfgL dfgL
vfg' x'G5 . ;]s'jf klg yf]/} xf] / < HjfO{+ 3/df cfpbf lbgdf rf/ cf]6f;Dd s'v'/f 9Ng' ;fdfGo
x'G5 . laxfg eft;Fu s'v'/f, lbpF;f] vfhfdf s'v'/fsf] ;]s'jf clg a]n'sf tf]ªaf;Fu Pp6f s'v'/f
;lsPkl5 km]l/ eft;Fu s'v'/fsf] emf]n . slxn]sfxL+ t jfSs} nfU5 .
s'v'/f dfq} xf]Og . cfdfn] t/sf/L klg p?ª kmnfpg' x'G5 . vf];f{gL, sfpnL, d'nf, km;L{,
s] s] xf], s] s] . af t/sf/L af/Ldf Hoft\ljlw /dfpg' x'Gg . pxfF rflx+ kf]v/L :ofxfg'{ x'G5 . ;'+u'/sf]
x]/rfx ug'{x'G5 . xfdLn] b'O6f kf]v/L vgfPsf 5f}+ / dg nfUg] lalQs} df5f dfg{ bf}l8xfN5f}+ .
;'+u'/sf] df;' rflx+ 3/df ;a}n] plQ dg k/fpb}gg\ . To;}n] ;'+u'/ df}sf kbf{ lhp+b} a]Rg] rng
rnfPsf 5f}+ .
d]/f af / cfdf c;fWo} ldlxg]tL x'g'x'G5 . sfd u/]/ slxNo} gyfSg] / s:t} sfdnfO{ klg
;fgf] g7fGg] . xfdL ;a}df af cfdfsf] ToxL ldlxg]t ;/]/ cfPsf] 5 . ToxL ldlxg]tn] xfdLnfO{
cfhsf] of] ;'vsf] cj:yfdf NofPsf] klg 5 . tkfO{+n] xfdL ;a}sf] 3/ rfxf/]/ x]/] x'G5 . lbbLn]
cfˆgf] Aoj;fo z'Goaf6 yfNg'eof] . pxfF clxn] ;d[4 x'g'x'G5 . d}n] klg z'Goaf6} Aoj;fo yfn]+ . d
klg ;d[4 5' . of] ;d[4L af / cfdfn] lbg'ePsf] k;Lgfsf] lzIffsf] k|ltkmn xf] . d]/f efO / a}gLx?
klg csd{0otf / cefjsf] lhGbuL a]xf]l//x]sf 5}gg\ . xfdL ;a}n] ld7} vfPsf 5f}| . /fd|} nfPsf 5f}+
clg e/ ce/df dflg;nfO{ ;3fPsf klg 5f}+ .
xf]Og, xf]Og clN5 dfG5]n] dfq} b'Mv kfp5g\ eGg] d]/f] egfO xf]Og . o;/L tkfO{+n] d]/f] s'/f]
a6fg{ yfNg'eof] eg] t d]/f] a]xfn x'G5 . d}n] vfln cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] cg'ej dfq ;'gfpg vf]h]sL x'+
. afn] Pp6f vf; sfndf 3/sf] ;'g a]r/ 3f6fsf] Aofkf/ rnfpg' eof] / Aofkf/af6 p+ef] nflub}g
eGg] 6'+uf] ePkl5 9'Ssn] v]tL ug{ yfNg'eof] . To;} cjlwdf efOx? ls t nfx'/] eP, ls aGb
a]kf/df nfu] . o;/L xfd|f] kl/jf/, kl;gfsf] andf x'g]vfg] eof] eGg dfq vf]h]sL x'+ . sfdnfO{ b'Mv
dfGg] xf] eg] clxn] klg d]/f] kl/jf/ b'MvL 5 eGg'k5{ . d]/f efO{x? clxn] klg ljb]zd} 5g\ . d]/f
a[4 af / cfdf, ufpFdf wfg, t/sf/L, s'v'/f, df5f / ;'+u'/sf] v]tL ul//xg' ePsf] 5 . d]/f]
a]km';{bnfO{+ tkfO{+ b]lv/xg' ePsf] 5 . d]/f lbbL / alxgLx?nfO{ 9'Ssn] ;'t]/ cf/fd ul//x]sf]
lbp;f]df tkfO{+n] slxNo} e]6\g'x'Gg . sd{sf] laxfgn] pxfFx?sf] 3fd e'mNsfp5 / Ao:ttfsf] ;GWofn]
pxfFx?sf] cfFugdf h'g cf]/fN5 . t/ xfd|f] kl/jf/df Pp6f ;+:s[lt 5 . xfdL sfdnfO{ b'Mv;Fu
bfFHb}gf}+ . bfHg} ldNb}g . sfd t kljqtf xf] . kl/>d dxfgtf xf] . d}n] eGg rfx]sf] olQ dfq xf] .
xf], sfd u/]/ klg dflg;x?nfO{ vfg k'u]sf] 5}g, kl/>dLx?n] d'n'sdf ;'v kfPsf 5}gg\ eGg]
tkfO{+sf] egfO;Fu d]/f] s'g} lj/f]w 5}g . xfd|f] ;dfhsf] agf}6 tkfO{+n] eg] h:t} 5 . sfd ug]{x?
df/df k/]sf 5g\ / sfd gug]{x?n] df]hdHhf ul//x]sf 5g\ . of] ;TonfO{ d]/f] cg'ejn] sf6\of] eGg
t ldNb}g lg . tkfO{+ xfdL ;a}n] :jLsf/ ug'{kg]{ Pp6f ;To s] xf] eg] dfG5] clN5 gx'g] xf] / s:t}
klg sfdnfO{ p;n] ;Ddfg ug]{ xf] eg] dfG5]sf cufl8 ;'vsf af/Lx? klN6O/x]sf] tkfO{+ hxfFsxL+
klg kfpg' x'g]5 .
d}n] cl3 g} eg]+ – tLg jif{ hlt af ufpFdf TolQs} a:g'eof] . To;kl5 xfdL 3f]kf SofDkdf
cfof}+ . SofDkdf afn] sfd kfpg' eof] . To;/L sfd kfpg' nfx'/] hutdf ;f}efUo} dflgGYof] . ToxfF
sfd kfO;s]kl5 c? cf7 bz jif{sf] lhGbuL 9'Sssf] x'GYof] . t/ ;f}efUo Tof] 9'SsnfO{ dflgb}gYof] .
;f}efUosf] d'n c+z ToxfFsf] k9fO;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'GYof] . ToxfF sfd kfpg] afcfdfx?sf nflu
5f]/f5f]/Lsf] k9fO ;lhnf] x'GYof] .
 3f]kfdf cfPkl5 d]/f] k9fO klg ;lhnf] eof] . ufpFdf d}n] b'O sIff;Dd k9]sL lyPF t/
d]/f] pd]/ rf/ sIff k9\g] vfnsf] e};s]sf] lyof] . d Tolta]nf gf} jif{sL lyPF . afn] dnfO{ lrN8|\]G;
:s"ndf egf{ ul/lbg' eof] . d Tof] :s"ndf b'O jif{ k9]+ . aLrdf d}n] b'O k6s g} sIff 6Kg] df}sf
kfPF . afx| jif{sf] pd]/df d l8kf] xfO :s"ndf egf{ ePF .
s:tf] s'/f ug'{ ef Û x]g'{;\, :s"n] pd]/df rsrs] gx'g]x?nfO{ c;fdfGo s]6fs]6L elglbP
x'G5 . Tof] t pd]/ g} rsrssf] xf] . To;}n] d klg rsrs] lyPF . t/ d]/f ;fyLx? d eGbf rsf{
lyP . ;fyLx? < ;fyLx? eg]/ d}n] cfkm\gf s]6L ;fyLx?s} s'/f u/]sL x'+ . lsgeg] l8kf]df k9\g]
xfdL s]6Lx? v'a ldNYof}+ . k6Ss} afem\b}gYof}+ eg] klg x'G5 . s]6fx?;Fu eg] xfd|f] ldNtL x'+b}gYof] .
Tolta]nf xfdLn] s]6fx?sf] bf]xf]nf] g} sf9]sf 5f}+ . /f]Psf 5g\ s]6fx? xfd|f] rsrs ;xg g;s]/ .
Psfw k6s afn] d]/f] sfg pv]Ng' ePsf] 5 . clt ePkl5 s]6fx? cfkm}+, af cfdfnfO{ kf]n nfpg
cfpy] . To:tf] a]nfdf a]n'sf sfg a6f/fOdf kl/xflnGYof] .
To:tf] ;DaGw :d[ltdf ;w}+ afFlr/xG5 . k6s k6s :d[ltn] tkfO{+sf] dgnfO{ d';fg]{ u5{ .
t/ Tof] ;+aGw lszf]/fj:yfb]lv of] k|f}9fj:yf;Ddsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] ;xofqf xf]Og . Tof] t laDa xf] .
pbfpg' / c:tfpg' To;sf] :yfoL rl/q xf] . To;}n] To;a]nfsf d]/f 3lgi6 ;fyLx? clxn] sxfF 5g\
eGg] dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . t/ pgLx? hxfF 5g\, ;'vn] a;]sf xf]nfg\ eg]/ d]/f] dgn] eG5 . xfdL krf;
hgf eGbf a9L s]6fs]6Ln] Ps}rf]6L xfO:s"nsf] hfFr lbPsf lyof}+ . To;kl5 rfln; hgfsf] v'6va/
dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . bz hgf ;fyLx?nfO{ lhGbuLsf] of] jf Tof] df]8df d}n] e]6]sL 5' . pgLx? ;a}
;'vL 5g\ . To;}n] d]/f] dgn] eG5 – xfd|f] u|'ksf krf;} hgf ;'vL xf]nfg\ .
cx+, To:tf] ;}lgs cg'zf;g lyPg . t/ klg aflx/sf] eGbf cK7\of/f] hLjg lyof] . laxfg
;a]/} p7\g' kYof{] . v]Ng' kYof]{ . cfˆgf] Sjf6{/af6 aflx/ lgl:sPkl5 xf]xNnf ug'{ /fd|f] dflgb}gYof] .
o:tf s]xL cg'zf;gsf lyltx? cfkm}+ a;]sf lyP . t/ v]ns'bsf] d}bfgdf xf]xNnf ug'{ x'+b}g eGg]
lgod nfUb}gYof] . ToxfF k'u]kl5 xfdL slxn]sfxL+ cfsfz} prfNYof}+ . vf;u/]/ af:s]6an v]Nbf Û
dnfO{ c? v]ndf plQ ?rL nfUb}gYof] . ;fyLx?nfO{ ;fy lbg slxn]sfxL+ Aof8ld06g v]Ng hfg] uy]{+
. elnan klg o;f] xflgxfNy]+ . t/ af:s]6an rflx+ d slxNo} 5f]8lbgy]+ .
xf]nf . Tolta]nf z/L/ aGof] xf]nf . t/ clxn]sf] z/L/nfO{ Tof] a]nfsf] z/L/;Fu gbfFHg';\ .
d]/f] of] z/L/n] ;fx|} 3fdkfgL ;x]sf] 5 . Tolta]nfsf] :s"n] z/L/ stf uof] stf . tkfO{+n] eg]sf]
;fFRr} xf]nf . dnfO{ ;fx|} yfxf 5}g . d}n] cg'ej klg u/]sL 5}g . lszf]/ pd]/df :ofxfl/Psf] z/L/
kl5;Dd klg bx|} /xg ;S5 xf]nf . t/ xfdL g]kfnLnfO{ pd]/df z/L/ :ofxf/L /xg] km';{b x'G5
eG7fGg' x'G5 < x'+b}g . o;f] zx/ lt/ wgL afpcfdfsf lalu|Psf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ z/L/ :ofxfg]{ em0em6
x'+bf] xf] . t/ ;odf c;L hgf s]6fs]6Lsf] z/L/, :ofxfg}{ gkg]{ jftfj/0fdf x'ls{G5 . ufpFdf 3fF;
sf6\g} k¥of], bfp/f Nofpg} k¥of] . ;f]Q/ sf6\g} k¥of] . kfgL af]Sg} k¥of] . :s"n hfg Psfw 306f
psfnLcf]/fnL ug}{ k¥of] . To;}n] z/L/ aGg] / lau|g] lrGtf xfdL g]kfnLsf] xf]Og . xfd|f] lrGtf t
s;/L k]6e/L vfg] eGg] dfq} xf] . To;sf af/]df klg d tkfO{+nfO{ atfp+nf . clxn] :s"n lt/} hfpF .
d 5 jif{ 3f]kfdf a;]+ / d}n] l8kf]af6} P;= Pn= ;L= kf; u/]+ . xfO:s"n kf; u/]kl5 d
Onfd kmls{PF .
Onfd kmls{Pkl5 d]/f] jf:tljs hLjg z'? eof] . dnfO{ nfU5 – To;eGbf cl3 zfob d}n]
hLjg b]v]s} lyOg /x]5' .
dfG5] sfd ug{ cK7\of/f] dfG5g\ . t/ dfG5]nfO{ arfpg], agfpg] / af6f]df nufpg] ToxL
sfd /x]5 . d}n] Onfd kmls{Pkl5 yfxf kfPF – hLjg eGg' g} sfd /x]5 .
Onfd SofDk;df cfO= P8= df egf{ lnPkl5 d]/f] hLjgdf w]/} vfnsf x}/fgLx? ylkP . d
d]/L alxgL;Fu} laxfg rf/ ah] p7\y]+ . bfh'efOsf] lax] ePsf] lyPg . To;}n] xfdL lbbL alxgLn]
3/sf] ;a} sfd pHofnf] v:bf gv:b} l;WofO;Sg' kYof]{ . sfd klg yf]/} x'+b}gYof] . wf/faf6 kfgL
Nofp . ;'+u'/sf] rf/f] agfp . 3/df ;a}nfO{ lrof ksfP/ Vjfp . eft efG;fsf] tof/L u/ . s] s]
xf], s] s] . Psl5g k9\g} k¥of] . of] ;a} tf/tDo ldnfpbf ldnfpb} xfdL slxn]sfxL+ yfs]/ nf]t kYof}{+
/ cfkm\g} lhGbuLsf] ;':s]/fnfO{ hLjgsf] ;dfKtL xf] ls Sof xf] eg]/ Ps csf{;Fu b'v];f] kf]VYof}+ .
 s]6L dfG5] x'ls{g' klg csf]{ clezfk x'+bf] /x]5 . l8kf] :s"ndf k9\bf s§' nfP/ s]6fx?;Fu
n8fO{+ v]Nbf s]xL h:tf] g7fGg] d]/f af / cfdf klg Onfd u};s]kl5 d}n] s:tf] n'uf nfPsL 5', d
sf] sf] ;Fu af]N5', s–s;sf] 3/df hfG5' eGg] h:tf dl;gf s'/fdf x]Ssf /fVg yfNg' eof] .
s'6'Dax? cfpg] qmd a9]/ uof] . Psfw nfx'/]x? SofDk;d} 5]sf/f] dfg{ yfn] . xfdLn] kQ} gkfO{ xfd|f]
lax]sf] pd]/ cfof] eGg] ;'Gg yflnof] . xfdL hLjgdf s] s] g ug]{ eGg] tfgfafgf a'lg/x+bf xfdLn]
cGoqaf6 yfxf kfof}+ – ca xfd|f] klg ;'Fu'/sf kf7f h:tf gfgLx? v]nfpg] pd]/ cfof] .
xf]Og, xf]Og, c;xdtL / lj/f]wsf] s'/f] u/]sf] xf]Og . ufpF3/sf] y]uf] elglbg' eP klg x'G5
. cyjf vf;} s'/f] egf}+ – xfdLnfO{ lax]sf] s'g} lrGtf lyPg, t/ af cfdfx? 5f]/Lsf gftL
gfltgfx?sf] sNkgfdf /Dg yfln;Sg' ePsf] /x]5 .
lax] / 3/Jojxf/sf af/]df cfkm\g} dg gag]sf]n] xf]nf xfdLnfO{ ufNg lgs} ufx|f] eof] . xf],
afn] ufnL ubf{ slxn]sfxL+ xfdL lbbL a}gL s'gf k;]/ ?GYof}+ . afpn] g} ljZjf; gu/]sf] b]Vbf xfdL
lkl/GYof}+ . lsgeg] hlt km/fl;nf] eP klg xfdLn] ;Ldf cltqmd0f u/]sf lyPgf}+ . c?n] xfd|f] 5]pdf
cfpg] cfF6 klg ug'{ kb}{gYof] . s]6fx?nfO{ p8fpg xfdLn] SofDk;df klg afFls /fv]sf lyPgf}+ .
5]sf/f] dfg{ cfpg] nfx'/]x?sf] klg xfdLn] bf]xf]nf] sf9]sf lyof}+ . xfdLnfO{ nen]6/ -k|]dkq_ n]Vg]
s]6fx?sf] ;+Vof klg ;fgf] lyPg . t/ nen]6/ n]Vg]sf] t xfdL x'd{t} lnGYof}+ . clxn] ;lDembf
cfkm}+nfO{ gdHhf nfU5 . lar/fx?, xfdLnfO{ slt dfof u/]/ nen]6/ n]Vy] . t/ xfdL 6\jfOn]6sf]
9f]sfdf, sIff s]f7fsf] ANofsaf]8{df nu]/ pgLx?sf] nen]6/ 6fFl;lbGYof}+ . To;kl5 s]6Lx?sf] hTyf
ldn]/ pgLx?nfO{ ?g' g xfF:g' agfpYof}+ .
Tof] t d s;/L eGg ;S5' / < h;n] dnfO{ k|]d u/] pgLx?n] g} k|]d ug'{sf sf/0f atfpg
;S5g\ . sf]xL d]/f] ?kdf nl6\7Gy] xf]nfg\ . s;}nfO{ d]/f] kfl/jfl/s k[i7e"ld dg k/]sf] lyof] ls <
t/ of] ;a} d]/f] cg'dfg dfq xf] . s]6fx?n] dnfO{ lsg dg k/fP eGg] 6'+uf] d tkfO{+nfO{ lbg} ;lSbg
. a;\, Pp6f ;fgf] ;To d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ eg]sL dfq x'+ . s]xL s]6fx?n] dnfO{ k|]dkq n]v] . d}n] tL
k|]dkqx?sf] zfob dxTj a'lemg ls Û To;}n] d}n] ltgnfO{ slxn] 6\jfOn]6sf] 9f]sfdf t slxn] sIff
sf]7fsf] JNofsaf]8{df nu]/ 6fFl;lbPF . lar/f, Pshgf ;fyLn] t ckdfg dx;'; u/]/ k9fO g} 5f]8] .
lttf] s'/f] 5f]8f}+ . Pp6f /dfOnf] s'/f] ;'Gg'x'G5 < ;'Gg';\ . s]6fx?nfO{, s]6L dg kg{ w]/}yf]s
rflx+b}g . c+znfO{ g} ltgLx? ;Dk"0f{ 7fg]/ s]6LnfO{ dg k/fpg yfN5g\ . d]/f] >Ldfgs} s'/f ug'{;\ .
pxfFn] dnfO{ klxnf]rf]6L b]Vg]lalQs} dg k/fpg' eof] . Tof] /ft, rGb|dfsf] pHofnf] e'O{+df 5l/Psf]
lyof] . sf]hfu[t k"l0f{dfsf] /ft lyof] Tof] . xfdL dfnfkysf] rf]sdf plePsf lyof}+ . d]/f] sIffsf s]xL
s]6f ;fyLx? dnfO{ l;:6/ eg]/ dfgk"j{s af]nfpg' x'GYof] . pxfFx?n] g slxNo} nen]6/ n]Vg'eof] g
t xfdL k|lt nesf] b[li6sf]0f g} /fVg'eof] . To;}n] pxfFx?;Fu /ftla/ft ;8sdf lg:sg xfdLnfO{
klg cK7]/f] nfUb}gYof] . Tof] ;fFem xfdL rf]sdf a;]/ ltxf/df v]Ng] b]p;Lsf] sfo{qmd agfpb} lyof}+ .
d]/f] efjL >Ldfg ToxfF x'g'x'+bf] /x]5 . d}n] pxfF ePsf] Vofn ul/g . pxfFnfO{ lrGbf klg lrlgg . Tof]
lbg d}n] glrg]sf rf/ kfFr hg} dflg;x? ToxfF cfPsf] h:tf] nfu]sf] lyof] . tL ;a} dflg;x? csf]{
lhNnfaf6 cfPsf ljBfyL{ ;fyLx? x'g'x'G5 eg]/ xfdLnfO{ ;'gfOPsf] lyof] . To;}n] d}n] Tof] pkl:ylt
k|lt rf;} /flvg .
t/ d]/f] >Ldfgn] xfdL dfly rf;]f /fv]sf] dfq xf]Og, k"0f{rGb| cfsflzPsf] ToxL /ft d;Fu
k|]d ug{ yfNg'eP5 / pxfFnfO{ dk|ltsf] :g]xdf tfGg] 8f]/L d]/f] skfn /x]5 . 6fpsfdf plgP h:tf]
nfUg] d]/f] nfdf] / df]6f] skfnsf] e'mQf sfFwaf6 tn em/]sf] lyof] /] . Tof] rGb|dfsf] pHofnf]df
g'xfO/x]sf] gfua]nLsf] 5l/Psf] nx/f h:tf] nfUYof] /] . pxfFsf] dg To;} To;} klUnof] /] . d}n] t
cem} eGg} hflgg . k|]dsf] of] syf tkfO{+n] d]/f] >Ldfg;Fu ;f]Wg' eP /dfOnf] x'G5 . d]/f] skfnsf]
j0f{g ubf{ pxfF sljsf] sljtf h;/L aUg yfNg' x'G5 .
s]6fn] s]6LnfO{ k|]d ug]{ s:tf] dHhfsf] k|;Ë < To;}n] s]6fx?sf] dgsf] s'/f d;Fu g;f]Wg';\
. a? tkfO{+ g} To;sf] af/]df atfpg ;Sg'x'G5 . s] tkfO{+n] clxn];Dd s;}nfO{ k|]d ug'{ePsf] 5}g <
5}g eg] t d s]xL elGbg . 5 eg], tkfO{+n] klg kSs} s]6Lsf] skfn of cfFvf, of gfs, of cf]7 of
5ftL o:t} cfsif{0fdf cfkm"nfO{ 8'afpg' ePsf] x'g'k5{ . gq, Psfw r]f6L e]6b}df, Psfw s'/f ub}{df
s;/L k|]d emflËG5 <
d}n] < d}n] SofDk; k9\bf s;}nfO{ k|]d ul/g . tkfO{+nfO{ 9f+6]sf] xf]Og . o;df 9f+6\g' kg]{ s'/}
s] 5 / < jf:tjdf d}n] dfq xf]Og, d]/f bf}+t/Lx?n] klg s;}nfO{ k|]d u/]gg\ . l8kf] :s"ndf k9\bf
xfdL s]6fx?nfO{ v'a} p8fpYof}+ / slxNo} klg lax] ug'{ x'+b}g eg]/ s'/f uYof}{+ . d]/f sltko ;fyLn]
clxn];Dd klg lax] u/]sf 5}gg\ . d}n] lax] u/]sf] ;'g]/ pgLx? PskN6 5Ss} k/]sf lyP . d]/f]
>LdfgnfO{ gb]v'Gh]n, oNn] 9fF6]sL xf] ;d]t eGy] . To;}n] tkfO{+ k|i6 eP x'G5 – d}n] s;};Fu k|]d
ul/g . s;};Fu k|]d ug{ d]/f] dgn] dfg]g .
o:tf] lsg eof] eg]/ d tkfO{+nfO{ eGg} ;lSbg . To;} eof] . zfob d]/f] ;+ut / x'sf{On]
klg o:tf] eof] ls Û s]6fx?nfO{ k|]d ug]{ jftfj/0f d}n] gkfP/ xf] ls Û l8kf]df k9\bf kl/jf/sf]
cg'zf;g klg s8f lyof] / xfdL s]6Lx?sf] u|'k klg 7"nf] lyof] . clxn] rn]sf] ;dlnËL rng t
xfd|f] kfnfdf ;dfhdf l5/]sf] lyPg, t/ xfdLdf s]6L ;fyLkgsf] Pp6f dgf]efjgf x'ls{Psf] lyof] .
xfdL s]6Lx?s} aLrdf /dfpYof}+ . xfdL cfkm" cfkm"d} b'Mv jf ;'v ;f6\g] sfd uYof}{+ . xfdL cfk;d}
rNg] v]Ng] uYof}{+ . To;n] ;xof]usf nflu, ;xf/fsf nflu, :g]x / k|]dsf nflu xfdLnfO{ s]6f
rflxPgg\ xf]nf . c?sf] af/]df t d eGg ;lSbg . t/ dnfO{ s]6fx?sf] ;xof]u lnP/ afFRg' k5{ eGg]
slxNo} nfu]g . s]6f ;fyLsf] cfjZostf d}n] Pslbgsf nflu klg dx;'; ug{ ;lsg .
Tof] xf]Og klg d elGbg . xfdLn] ef]u]sf] hLjg cfd g]kfnL s]6Lx?sf] eGbf clns leGg
lyof] . Ps t xfdL dËf]n dlxnfx?sf] kfl/jfl/s aGwg c?eGbf clns v's'nf] x'G5 . xfd|f]
;d'bfodf s]6fs]6Lsf] ;DaGw If]qL–afx'gsf] h:tf] ;fF3'/f] x'+b}g . kl/jf/sf 7"nf dflg;n] xfd|f]
;fdfGo lgu/fgL u/] klg s]6f;Fu af]Ng'nfO{ g} ck/fw 7fGg] dfgl;stf xfd|fd ] f x'+b}g . To;afx]s
s]6fs]6L aLrsf] ;DaGw xfd|f nflu knf+;sf] ;]tf] km"n h:tf] cfsif{0fxLg ;fOgf] x'g] jftfj/0fdf
xfdL x'ls{Psf lyof}+ . xfd|f nflu s]6f eGg] k|f0fLx? k|foM p8fpg] j:t' lyP . xfdLn] c+u|]hL l;g]df
x]/]/ To:tf] efjgf x'sf{Psf lyof}+ ls h:tf] nfU5 . xf], xfdL c+u|]hL l;g]dfx? x]Yof}{+ . ltgdf kof{Kt
gfËf]kgf klg x'GYof] . xfdL To:tf l;g]df x]/]/ nfh dfg]/ a:b}gYof}+ . xfdL t l;g]dfsf] s'/f] p7fp+b}
s]6fx?nfO{ p8fpg yfNYof}+ . To;}n] klg s]6f eGg] k|f0fL k|lt xfd|f] cfsif{0f ga9]sf] x'g;S5 .
t/ of] s'g} dxTjsf] ljifo xf]Og . cflv/ d}n] l9nf] rfF8f] hlxn] eP klg k|]d u/]+ / k|]d
u/]sf] s]6f;Fu lax] u/]+ . d]/f] hLjgsf] of] kIfn], d]/f] dg phf8 lyPg eGg] k|i6 x'+b}g / <
lszf]/jodf h] h:tf] u/] klg, ;f]r] klg d]/f] dg s]6fsf] dfofsf nflu k|ltIff/t lyof] eGg] o;}n]
k'i6L ub}{g / < dfG5]nfO{ dfG5] dg kg]{ jftfj/0f gag'Gh]n zfob s]6fn] s]6LnfO{, s]6Ln] s]6fnfO{
p8fpg] rng rN5 xf]nf .
cfO= P8= kf; u/]kl5 d sf7df08f} cfPF . la= P= k9\g . k9\g t Onfd of emfkf cyjf
w/fg la/f6gu/ lt/ klg ;lsGYof] . t/ d}n] sf7df08f}nfO{ g} k9fOsf] s]Gb| agfpg] lg0f{o u/]+ .
cfO= P8= kf; ul/;s]kl5 d}n] cfkm\g} v'§fdf pleg] lg0f{o u/]+ . d}n] ;+;f/df PSn} lhpg l;Sg'k5{
eGg] c7f]6 u/]+ .
sf7df08f}df d}n] dHh}n] x08/ vfPF . To;sf] syf d kl5 atfpnf . t/ d]/f] h:tf] x08/
sd}n] vfG5g\ eGg] s'/fdf d ljZj:t 5' . To;}n] la= P= kf; ug{ dnfO{ rf/ jif{ nfUof] . la= P= sf]
k9fO\ ;s]kl5 d}n] la= P8= u/]+ . d}n] Pd= P=sf] k9fO klg yfn]+ . t/ Pd= P= kf; ul//xg dnfO{
hfFu/ nfu]g . d}n] k9fO 5f]l8lbPF .
 d]/f] /fhgLlt
atfp+5', d]/f] /fhgLlts hLjgsf] kf6f] klg d tkfO{+nfO{ b]vfp5' . Tof] gx'+bf t d]/f]
hLjgsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ lx:;f g} r'+l8P h:tf] x'G5 . ;fFRr} eGg] xf] eg], d]/f] hLjgnfO{ of] 7fpFdf
Nofpg /fhgLltdf d}n] a]xf]/]sf] x08/sf] lgs} 7"nf] e"ldsf 5 . d}n] ef]u]sf] 1fgsf] cToGt} uxg
e"ldsf 5 . /fhgLltdf gnfu]sL eP, zfob d}n] hLjgsf] of] ax'cfofldstfnfO{ b]Vg, ef]Ug /
lgrf]g{ kfpg] g} lyOg xf]nf .
Onfddf k9\g yfn]kl5 dnfO{ /fhgLltsf] r:sf nfUof] . Tolta]nf )#^ ;fnsf] x'08/L
rn]sf] lyof] / Tof] x'08/LnfO{ kf]N6fdf xfn]/ Onfd ahf/sf] ;f+3'/f] ;8sdf bf}l8g] xfdL lgle{s
s]6Lx? lyof}+ . 8/ eg]sf] s'g r/fsf] gfpF xf] eGg] h:tf] xfd|f] Aojxf/ x'GYof] . s]6fx?nfO{ xfdL
dfG5] g} uGb}gYof}+ . p:t} kbf{ lzIfsnfO{ klg xfdL 7]Ng a]/ nfpb}gYof}+ . cfdL{sf] 3/df x'ls{Psf]n]
xf]nf, k'ln; t xfdLnfO{ 9f]sfdf df}gtfsf] zf]suLt ufP/ pleg] lg/fz kfn] h:tf] nfUYof] .
k'ln;;Fu dfG5] 8/fp5g\ eg]/ xfdL sNkgf klg ub}{gYof}+ .
To;}n] SofDk;sf ;fyLx?n] xfdLnfO{ cfˆgf] ;+u7gdf Nofpg] dg ug'{ eP5 . xfdL
5SsfkGhf k6Ss} ghfGg] . cfkm"nfO{ l;:6/ eg]/ dfg dof{bf ug]{x?n] eg]sf] h] klg dfGg] clg
cfkm"nfO{ lh:Sofpg]x?nfO{ 5]pdf elGsg klg glbg] xfd|f] :jefj} lyof] . To;}n] cfkm\gf efOx?sf
nflu xfdL emg emg glhssf l;:6/ aGb} uof}+ . pgLx?n] xfdLnfO{ cfkm";Fu} sfddf nufpb} uP .
xfdL sfddf /dfpb} uof}+ . tLg dxLgfsf] of] bf}8fbf}8Ldf xfdL yfx} gkfO{ /fhgLltsf ljBfyL{ eP5f}+
. cyjf o;f] egf}+, xfdL /fhgLlt ug]{ ljBfyL{ eP5f}+ . Toltdfq xf]Og, Tof] bf}8fbf}8Ldf xfdLn] yfx}
gkfO{ Ps vfnsf ljBfyL{x? xfd|f cfkm\gf eP5g\ / csf{ vfnsfx?;Fu xfd|f] zq'tf eP5 . of]
e]bnfO{ tkfO{+ 1fg;Fu ghf]8\g' xf]nf . of] s'g} 1fgsf] w/ftn lyPg . Psk|sf/n] eGg] xf] eg] of]
Aojxf/sf], j}olQms ldqtfsf] w/ftn dfq lyof] . To;}n] r]tgfsf] ;Gbe{df eGg] xf] eg] of] t
Psk|sf/sf] c1fgt} lyof] .
of] /fd|f] xf] ls xf]Og eg]/ clxn] d}n] ljj]rgf ug'{ x'+b}g . dfG5] s;/L /fhgLltdf cfslif{t
x'G5 eGg] of] Pp6f pbfx/0f xf] . ;a}n] d]/} h:tf] cg'ej lnPsf 5g\ eGg] dnfO{ nfUb}g . Ps
vfnsf efOx?sf] Aojxf/sf] g/dkgfn] d / d]/f s]xL dlxnf ;fyLnfO{ pgLx?sf] ;d"xsf] sfo{stf{
agfof] . Tolta]nfsf] x'08/Ldf klxn] xfdL sfo{stf{ aGof}+ / sfo{stf{n] s]xL hfGg} kg]{ x'gfn] xfdLn]
cWoog yfNof}+ . em§ ;'Gbf pN6f] h:tf] nfu] klg xfdLn] oxL oyfy{ hLjg a]xf]/\of}+ . a9L km/fl;nf],
lgle{s / v6fp ePsf] x'gfn] ;fyLx?n] z'?d} dnfO{ sld6Ldf /fVg'eof] . :jljo"df p7fpg' eof] .
w]/} s'/f] ga'em\b}, d}n] ljBfyL{sf] /fli6|\o ;Dd]ngsf] k|ltlglw aGg] cf};/ klg kfPF . Ps jif{ leqsf]
of] k|ult w]/} rfF8f] xf] / of] rfF8f]kgdf xfd|f] lgle{stf / sfddf v6\g ;Sg] xfd|f] :jefj g}
d"n?kdf lhDd]jf/ lyof] .
t/ of] hLjg d]/f] /fhgLlts hLjg xf]Og . Tof] t d]/f] /fhgLlts hLjgsf] Pp6f c+z dfq
xf] . kl5 d ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf] c+rn sld6L;Dd k'u]+ . t/ klg Tof] d]/f] /fhgLlts hLjg xf]Og eGg]
dnfO{ nfU5 . d]/f] /fhgLlts hLjg kf6L{sf] ultljlwaf6 z'? eof] / Pp6f ;d[4 cg'ej ;Fufn]kl5
ToxL+af6 To;n] ljbf lnof] . To;}n] ljBfyL{ jf dlxnf If]qdf d}n] u/]sf] nufgL, kf6L{n] To; If]qsf
nflu tf]lslbPsf] lhDd]jf/L dfq lyof] eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 .
 ljBfyL{ /fhgLltdf nflu/x]s} a]nf d}n] kf6L{ eGg] zJb ;'g]+ . tkfO{+nfO{ yfx} 5 – g]kfndf
)!& ;fnb]lv kf6L{ eGg] zJb ;d]t k|ltalGwt lyof] . s:tf] cgf}7f] Û zJb ;d]t sfg"gdf k/]sf]
s:tf] sfn lyof] xf]nf Tof] Û ;q ;fnsf] aGwg PSs}rf]6L )#^ ;fndf km'Ssf eof] . nfdf] sfnsf]
aGwg km'sfn]sf]n] xf]nf – s]xL lbgsf nflu Tof] gfuLsf] uf]7df /dfPsf] lszf]/ uf]7fnf] h:t}
d}bfgdf n8La'8L v]Ng yfNof] . Tof] 5f]6f] sfndf y'k|} kf6L{sf g]tfx? zx/ ahf/df b]lvg yfn] .
;ef / uf]i6Lx? klg x'g yfn] . t/ xfdLnfO{ tL kf6L{x?n], tL ;ef / uf]i6Lx?n] cfslif{t ug{
;s]gg\ . xfdLnfO{ cfˆgf] kf]N6fdf xfNg] kf6L{n] Tolta]nf ;ef / uf]i6L ug]{ u/]s} lyPg . To;}n] ;ef
– uf]i6Lsf] e/df d}n] kf6L{ ;'g]sL / lrg]sL xf]Og .
yfxf kfpg' eof]] xf]Og < d Tolta]nfsf] klg e"ldut kf6L{sf] glhsdf k'u]+ . To;sf] klg
sf/0f 5 . klxnf] sf/0f t, /Tgs'df/ jfGtjfsf] hLjg / zxfbt g} xfd|f] k|efjsf] cfwf/ lyof] . d}n]
pxfFsf] nf; b]v]sL lyPF . h'Qf y'ltPsf] / /ut r'l;Psf] h:tf] nfUg] pxfFsf] gfËf] v'§f rf}la;} 306f
d]/f] cfFvfdf gflr/xGYof] . pxfFsf] lgbf]{if / ;'s'df/ cg'xf/n] d]/f] ;kgfnfO{ klg lryf]l//xGYof] .
of];Fu} pxfF;Fu Pp6f efjgfsf] 8f]/f] klg ufFl;Psf] lyof] . pxfF / xfd|L Pshgf lbbLsf aLrdf k|]dsf]
dfnf plgPsf] lyof] . l9nf] rfF8f] pxfFx?sf] lax] x'G5 eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfu]sf] lyof] . Tof] lbg, cyf{t
8f+8fdf /Tgs'df/ jfGtjfsf] lglh{j z/L/ ;'tfOPsf] lbg, lbbLsf] zf]sn] ;Ldf gf3]sf] lyof] . Tof]
zf]ssf] cfFz'n] pxfFsf] 5]pdf a;]sf xfdLnfO{ lr:ofO/x]sf] lyof] . yfx} gkfO{, /Tgs'df/ jfGtjfnfO{
dfg]{x?nfO{ xfdLn] cfkm\gf] dgsf] zq' agfO;s]sf lyof}+ . lbbLsf] lk8fsf sf/0f Tof], d]/f] dgsf] klg
3fp ag]sf] lyof] . pxfF h:tf] enfbdL / xfd|f] kl/jf/sf] cfkmGt x'g} nfu]sf] dflg;nfO{ ;/sf/n]
lsg dfg'{k¥of] eg]/ d k6s k6s cfkm}+;Fu ;f]Wy]+ . To;sf] pQ/ gkfPkl5 d nfdf] ;':s]/f sf9\y]+ .
tkfO{+nfO{ g9f+6L eg'+ – /Tgs'df/ jfGtjfsf] lglh{j z/L/ gb]v]sL eP zfob} d /fhgLltdf
tflgGy]+ x'+nf .
To;kl5 d dfly k|efj 5f]8\g] eg]sf kf6L{sf sfo{stf{x? lyP . ltgLx? cxf]/fq v6\y] .
lbpF;f] klg pgLx? s]xL g s]xL ul//x]sf x'Gy] . /ftL ltgLx? st} hfGy] . sxfF hfGy] eGg] t dnfO{
yfxf x'+b}gYof], t/ ltgLx? /ftel/sf nflu ufpFlt/ x/fpy] . ef]lnkN6 ltgLx? km]l/ pxL km'lt{sf
;fy SofDk;sf] sfddf h'l6/x]sf x'Gy] . ltgLx?sf] kl/>d b]Vtf d]/f] dg dfofn] r'lnGYof] / oL
dfOltx?nfO{ o;f] ;3fpg kfP s:tf] x'GYof] eGg] k|Zg af]s]/ d]/f] dg ?dlNnGYof] . pgLx?sf]
ljgd|tf, pgLx?sf] lzi6tf, pgLx?sf] ;'lw|Psf] afgL a]xf]/fn] dnfO{ emg emg pgLx?sf] glhs
tfGYof] . clxn] klg dnfO{ nfU5 – kf6L{sf] ;b:otf lnO;s]sf tL ;fyLx?sf] Aojxf/ cfd
s]6fx?sf] h:t} x'GYof] eg] dnfO{ s;}n] klg kf6L{ /fhgLltdf tfGg ;Sg] lyPg .
clxn] dnfO{ nfU5 – h;/L yfx} gkfO{ xfdL ljBfyL{ /fhgLltsf sfo{stf{ ag]sf lyof}+,
To;}u/L yfx} gkfO{ xfdL kf6L{sf] cf]l/kl/ pleg k'Uof}+ . zfob ;fyLx?nfO{ xfdL k|lt ljZjf; eof] jf
xfdL k|lt :g]x hfUof] . pxFfx?n] ;fpg] em/Lsf lbg dnfO{ Pp6f lstfa k9\g lbg' eof] . …n's]/
k9\g';\ x} l;:6/,Ú lstfa lbg] ;fyLn] eGg'ePsf] lyof] . t/ n's]/ s]xL ug'{k5{ eGg] r]tgf g} gePsL
d}n] lstfa n's]/ k9\g'sf] s'g} cy{ a'lemg . d}n] To;nfO{ c? a]nf k9\g] pkGof; h:tf] s'g} Pp6f
lstfa 7fg]+ / 3/df uP/ k9'+nf eg]/ emf]nfdf yGSofPF .
a]n'sf xfdL lbbLa}gL of] s] lstfa xf]nf eg]/ k9\g yfNof}+ . hlt k9\of] plt cgf}7f] Û afkm
/], To:tf] lstfa t To;eGbf klxn] xfdLn] slxNo} k9]s} lyPgf}+ . /fhfsf] ;d]t v'Nndv'Nnf lj/f]w
5 afa} Û xfdLnfO{ lstfa dg k¥of] . xfdLn] lstfa k9\bf /ft ufNof}+ . lstfadf cfFvf uf8\bf /ft
lat]sf] ToxL Pp6f ;Demgf d;Fu 5 . gq lstfa k9\bf k|foM d cf]5\ofgdf lgbfpg] dfG5] x'+ . t/
Tof] lstfan] d]/f] cfFvfdf lgb|fnfO{ 3'l;|g} lbPg .
ToxL lstfan] dnfO{ /fhgLlts kf6L{sf] ;s[o / lh1f;' ljBfyL{ agfof] . s'g lstfa /] <
of] t k|rf/ u/] h:tf] e}xfNof] lg . tkfO{+ g} vf]Hg';\ g x} .
la:tf/} xfd|f] /fhgLlts k9fO a9]/ uof] . ;fyLx?sf] Aojxf/ klg klxn] eGbf a9L ulDe/
aGg yfNof] . pxfFx? xfdLnfO{ l;:6/ xf]Og, ;fyL 7fGg yfNg'eof] . xfdL cfkm}+ lrg] hfg]sf
;fyLx?;Fu, cfkmGtx?;Fu /fhgLlts s'/f ug{ yfNof}+ . d}n] kQ} gkfO{+ d, /fhgLltsf] efiffdf Pp6f
sfo{stf{ ag]5' .
xfdL a]nf a]nfdf SofDk;af6 ufpFlt/ hfGYof}+ . ufpF eGgfn] Tot} ahf/ 5]p5fplt/ hfGYof}+
. t/ dnfO{ nfU5 – Tolta]nf;Dd klg d}n] ufpFsf] jf:tljs cg'xf/ b]Vg EofPsL lyOg . xfdL
hfGYof}+ . bnfgdf cyjf a9Ldf, dem]/Ldf a;]/ lbbLalxgLx?;Fu s'/fsfgL uYof}{+ / kmls{GYof}+ . xfdL
kfx'gf h;/L hfGYof}+ / kfx'gfs} ?kdf kmls{GYof}+ . xfdL u'? h:tf] eP/ hfGYof}+ / u'?s} ?kdf
kmls{GYof}+ . To;}n xfdL cfkm}+ ufpF x'g ;s]gf}+ . xfdLn] cfkm"nfO{ ufp+n] agfpg ;s]gf}+ . ufpFn]x?n]
klg xfdLnfO{ cfkm" ;/x 7fg]gg\ . pgLx? xfdLnfO{ u'? dfGy], zx/af6 cfPsf ;'lsnf r]nL 7fGy] .
cfkm" h] xf] pgLx? xfdLnfO{ Tof] 7fGb}gy] .
Pp6f b'3{6gf g36]sf] eP, zfob lhGbuL o;} u/L rln/xGYof] xf]nf . d ufpFn] lbbLa}gLs}
u'? eP/, ahf/sL l;:6/ eP/ cfkm\gf] /fhgLlts lhGbuLnfO{ s'g} rf}tf/f]df nu]/ la;fpy]+ x+'nf .
dnfO{ yfxf klg lyPg – cfFlwa]x]/Lsf] ToxL jif{ d]/f] lax]sf] s'/f] l5lgP5 . tkfO{+nfO{ cgf}7f]
nfUof] < To:tf] :jtGq kl/j]zdf, To:tf] :jtGq kl/jf/df d}nfO{ yfxf geO{ d]/f] lax] s;/L l5lgof]
< slxn]sfxL+ o:t} x'G5 . tkfO{+n] sNkgf klg gu/]sf] df]8n] tkfO{+nfO{ glrtfPsf] lgisif{lt/
x'Tofp+5 . d o;sf nflu af cfdfnfO{ bf]if lbGg . d]/f] s'g} s]6f;Fu k|]d 5}g eGg] pxfFx?nfO{ yfxf
lyof] . xfdL To:tf] k|]d u/L lx+8\g] vfnsf xf]Ogf}+ eGg] klg pxfFx?nfO{ nfu]sf] lyof] xf]nf . To;}n]
pxfFx?sf cfFvfdf /fd|f] nfUg] lax]sf] k|:tfj cfPkl5 To;nfO{ gfO{+ eGg] cfjZostf pxfFx?n]
b]Vg'ePg . pxfFx?nfO{ nfUof] – Tof] s]6f;Fu lax] ePkl5 5f]/Lsf] hLjg ;'vL x'G5 . 5f]/Ln] /fd|f]
nfpg kfp5] . ld7f] vfg kfp5] . o:t} o:t} . cflv/ cfkm\gf ;Gtfgsf] nflu s'g afpcfdfsf] dg
lrlGtt x'+b}g / <
lax]sf] s'/f] ;lsO;s]sf] /x]5 . d}n] w]/} l9nf] yfxf kfPF . cyf{t\, lax]sf] tof/L x'g yfn]kl5
dfq Tof] tof/L d]/f] cfkm\g} lax]sf] xf] eGg] d}n] yfxf kfPF . d 5Ss k/]+ . klxnf] t, d]/f] lax] ug]{
dg 5+b} lyPg . s]6f eGg] k|f0fLnfO{ d]/f] dgn] nf]Ug]sf] yfGsf]df /fVg} ;s]sf] lyPg . bf]>f], d}n]
e/v/ e/v/ /fhgLltsf] ultzLn af6f]df kfOnf] /fv]sL lyPF / d To;df s]xL k/;Dd hfg rfxGy]+
. dnfO{ Tof] gofF lhGbuL cToGt} /f]dfGrs klg nflu/x]sf] lyof] . To;n] d]/f] lhGbuLsf kfgfx?df
goFf /Ë kf]Tg]5 eGg] ljZjf; d leq knfPsf] lyof] . t]>f], h'g s]6f;Fu d]/f] lax]sf] s'/f] l5lgPsf]
lyof] – To;nfO{ nf]Ug] dfGg d]/f] dg s;} u/L klg tof/ lyPg .
7Ls} eGg'eof], d s]6fnfO{ klxn]b]lv g} lrGy]+ . a]nfdf}sfdf p;nfO{ klg p8fpy]+ / p;Fu
lax] x'g;S5 eg]/ d}n] sNkgf klg u/]sL lyOg .
o:tf] l:yltdf d}n] lax]sf] lj/f]w ug'{ :jefljs lyof] . d}n] afcfdfnfO{ cfkm" lax] ug{ tof/
gePsf] s'/f] /fv]+ . t/ ;do 3ls{;s]sf] lyof] . lax] 6'6\bf kl/jf/ k|ltsf] ljZjf; 6'6\g] 8/ lyof] .
hf]/Lkf/Ln] s] eGnfg eGg] qf; lyof] . ef]ln km]l/ s;/L c? 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] lax] xf]nf eGg] ;Gqf;
lyof] . afcfdfx? Psk|sf/n] nfrf/ e};Sg' ePsf] lyof] / cfkm\g} uNtLsf] ef/Ln] lslrPsf ljjz
cfFvfn] d]/f] cg'xf/df lgofnL /xg' ePsf] lyof] . afcfdfsf] cg'xf/df x]bf{ d]/f] d'6' s6Ss vfGYof] .
t/ lg0f{onfO{ d s;}u/L klg :jLsfg{ ;ls/x]sL lyOg . dnfO{ cfkm\gf] lhGbuL ;dfKt x'+b}5 eGg]
nflu/x]sf] lyof] . d]/f] hLjg ;dfKtLsf] sf/0f d]/} kl/jf/ lyof] . To;}n] To;sf] g d lj/f]w ug{
;Sy]+, g To;nfO{ p8fP/ st} km\ofFlslbg ;Sy]+ . d t To;sf] Rofkf]df lslrPsL lyPF .
csf]{ zJbdf eGbf d, ls+st{Aoljd'9 lyPF .
cfˆgf] lax]sf va/ yfxf kfpg] lalQs} d}n] a}gL / cfkm\gf dg ldn]sf s]6L ;fyLx?nfO{ Tof]
s'/f] ;'gfPF . cfkm" clxn] s'g} klg s]6f;Fu lax] ug{ tof/ gePsf] s'/f] ;'gfPF . ;a}sf] ;xfge"lt
d}lt/ lyof] . kl/jf/n] vf]h]sf] s]6f;Fu d]/f] lax] xf];\ eGg] s;}sf] rfxgf lyPg . ;fyLx?sf] dg
a'em]kl5 d clns bx|L ePF . ca d ljsNksf af/]df ;f]Rg yfn]+ . d]/f s]6L ;fyLx?n] dnfO{
kf6L{;Fu ;Nnfx ug{ eg] . ;f]xL /ft d}n] ahf/df sfd ug]{ kf6L{sf ;fyLx? ;dIf cfˆgf] s'/f /fv]+ .
Tolta]nfsf] kf6L{df Pp6f /dfOnf] kl/kf6L lyof] . cfhef]ln To:tf] 5 ls 5}g dnfO{ yfxf
5}g . t/ Tolta]nf To:tf] lyof] . s'g} klg ;fyLsf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;a}n] cfkm\g} ;d:of 7fGg] Pp6f
;femf dfgl;stf xfdLdf lyof] . To;}n] Tof] /ft w]/}n] 6fpsf] lvofpg' eof] . leGg leGg vfn]
lgsfzsf af/]df xfdLn] 5nkmn u/\of}+ . s;}n] k9fO hf/L /fVg] cfu|x ug'{;\ eGg'eof] . s;}n]
s]6f;Fu l;w} e]6]/ lax] ulb{g eGg';\ eGg'eof] . s;}n] s]xL lbgsf nflu bflh{lnË lt/ efu]/ a]nf
6fg'{;\ klg eGg'eof] .
t/ tL ;'emfjsf] s'g} cy{ lyPg . dnfO{ tL ;a} lgsf;sf] pQ/ yfxf lyof] . d}n] k9fO
hf/L /fVg] s'/f ubf{, s]6fs} kl/jf/n] klg k9fpg] s'/f] cfpYof] . s]6fnfO{ d}n], d lax] ulb{g eGg'sf]
s'g} cy{ x'+b}gYof] . lsgeg] d}n] lax] gug]{ s'/f] yfxf x'+bf x'+b} p;n] kl/jf/sf] aGwgnfO{ ;dft]/ lax]
ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf] lyof] . kGw| lbgsf nflu ldl/s of bflh{lnË lt/ uP/ cfkmGt sxfF n'Sg] s'/f]
d]/f] :jfledfgsf] lj?4df plePsf] /fIf; lyof] .
xfdL lgsfz gkfP/ cndlnO/x]sf] a]nf, dnfO{ c;fWo} dfof ug]{ d]/L alxgLn] egL, æca
w]/} g;f]rf}+ . ltdL k]z]j/ /fhgLltdf nfu . 3/df clns lbg tgfj xf]nf . t/ s]xL lbgd} Tof]
;]nfp5 . clxn] cfdf a'jf a]:;/L l/;fpg' x'G5 . s]xL lbgdf Tof] l/; klg d5{ . d cfkm}+ Tof]
s]6fnfO{ lax]sf cfz gu/ eg]/ ;DemfO lbpFnf === .Æ
cf}+zLsf] sfnf] /ftdf k[YjLnfO{ g} pHofnf] kfb}{ tlGsPsf] lah'nL h:tf] lyof] d]/L alxgLsf]
Tof] ;Nnfx . ;fyLx? ;a}sf] cg'xf/ x+l;nf] eof] . Pshgf ;fyLn] dfofn' cfjfhdf eGg'eof],
æl;:6/, af6f] nfdf] 5, Tof] sl7g klg 5 . t/ To;df lx+8\g] cfF6 ug]{ xf] eg] Tof] ;a}eGbf pHofnf]
5 .Æ
æs] Tof] af6f]df dflg;x? lx+l8/x]sf 5}gg\ <Æ
ælsg glx+8\g' . hLjgsf] ;kgf afF8\g] / ufpF ufpFdf cfTdljZjf;sf] aLp /f]Kg] sfddf
bh{gf}+ ;k'tx? lg/Gt/ lx+l8/x]sf 5g\ .Æ
tkfO{+nfO{ d}n] z'?d} eg]sL 5' – 8/ eg]sf] dnfO{ s]xLsf] nfUb}g . Tof] /ft klg dnfO{ gofF
hLjgsf] 8/ nfu]g . d}n] ;fyLx?sf] ;Nnfxdf k]z]j/ /fhgLlts sfo{stf{ aGg] lg0f{o u/]+ .
;fx|} ufx|f] sfd lyof] Tof] . s] yfxf, km]l/ cfkm\gf afa' cfdf;Fu e]6 gx'g] kf] xf] ls Û s]
yfxf, lhGbuL yfx} gkfO{ ;lsg] kf] xf] ls < s] yfxf, clxn] e]l6Psf /dfOnf ;fyLx?;Fusf] ;fy
;bfsf nflu 5'6\g] kf] xf] ls < s] yfxf cfˆgf] z/L/ klg s'g} lbg /Tgs'df/ h;/L g} ahf/df klN6g
cfOk'Ug] kf] xf] ls Û k|Zgsf] k]6f/f]n] lbdfu el/GYof] . pQ/ st} km]nf kb}{gYof] .
h] eP klg d}n] lx+8\g} kg]{ lyof] . d}n] cfˆgf] dgnfO{ s7f]/ agfPF . gkfP 3/ glkm/f}+nf,
g;s] SofDk; ghfp+nf, t/ clxn]sf] aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'g d;Fu k]z]j/ x'g' afx]ssf] csf]{ s'g} lasNk
5}g – d]/f] dgn] lg0f{o lbof] .
cfdf afa';Fu 5'l§g' eg]sf] ;fx|} sl7g sfd xf] . cem d]/f] h:tf] xfntdf 5'l§g' t emg}
sl7g sfd xf] . To;}n] d}n] cfdfafsf] dgnfO{ efj's agfpg ;Sbf] pkfo lgsfn]+ . dnfO{ cfdfafn]
kGw| tf]nf hlt ;'gsf] uxgf agfOlbg' ePsf] lyof] . d}n] Ps tf]nfsf], cfˆgf] gfd n]v]sf] cf}+7L
cfkm";Fu /fv]+ . afFls ;a} ;'g 3/d} 5f]l8lbPF . Tolta]nf d;Fu n'ufsf] kpn lyof] . d k]06 / z6{
nfpy]+ . a]nf df}sfdf ;f/L klg nfpy]+ . aSv' klg d]/f] dg kg]{ n'uf lyof] / d;Fu kRrL; tL; hf]/
n'uf lyP . d}n] ;a} n'uf afs;df /flvlbPF . cfkm"nfO{ km]/kmf/ ug{ tLg rf/ cf]6f n'+uL, aflx/km]/f]
lx+8\g' kbf{ nufpg ldNg] Pp6f ;f/L / Pshf]/ k]06 ;6{ cfˆgf] emf]nfdf xfn]+ .
d To;/L lx+8'nf eGg] sNkgf s;}n] u/]s} lyPg . d}n] a}gL xft ;fyLx? sxfF n'uf k7fOlbPF
/ cfkm" nfPsf] Ps hf]/ n'uf;Fu lbpF;f] ;fdfGo 3'd3fdsf nflu eg]/ 3/af6 lgl:sPF .
=== === ===

xfd|f]df To:tf] x'+b}g . If]qL afx'gsf] kl/jf/df zfob To:tf] aGwg x'G5 xf]nf . lax] l5g]kl5
hyfefjL lx+8\g gx'g], lax] x'g] s]6f];Fu 3'd3fd ug{ gkfOg] eGg] rng k/Dk/fjfbL If]qL afx'gsf]df
x'G5 xf]nf . xfd|f]df To:tf] s'g} aGwg x'+b}g . lax]sf] 6'Ëf] e};s]kl5 klg lx+8\g], 8'Ng], xfF;v]n ug]{,
;fyLefO sxfF hfg] xfd|f] :jtGqtf cfkm}+;Fu ;'/lIft x'G5 . To;}n] Tof] lbg d 3/af6 lg:sg] s'/f]
s;}sf nflu klg cgf}7f] ePg .
 Tolta]nf ;a}sf nflu ;xh ag]sf] d]/f] lgiqmd0f, d :jod\sf nflu c:jefljs lyof] .
lsgeg] ToxL ofqf dfkm{t d}n] d}n] ;s[o /fhgLltdf kfOnf] rfn]sL lyPF .
cfkm\gf] 3/af6 lgl:sP/ d SofDk;df ;Fu} k9\g] Pshgf ;fyLsf] 3/df uPF . ToxfF em08}
d}n] ;fFem kfg'{ kYof]{ . of]hgf g} To;/L agfOPsf] lyof] . ;fyLsf] 3/df Psfw 306f latfpbf
a]n'sfsf] tLg ah]sf] lyof] . To:t} ;f9] tLg ah]lt/ x'g'k5{, d Pp6f gofF eljiosf] vf]hLdf Tof]
3/af6 klg aflx/ lgl:sPF / cfkm"n] slxNo} gb]v]sf] ufpFlt/ nfu]+ . a]nf df}sfdf Onfd ahf/af6
lIflth h:tf] b]lvg] ToxL ufpFn] g} d]/f] l;Ëf] lhGbuLsf] cy{ v'nfO lbof] .
ufpFdf k'Ubf /ftsf] bz ah]sf] lyof] . l;Ëf] ufpF lgbfO;s]sf] lyof] . Ao'+lemPsf] Pp6f 3/df
;a}n] xft ldnfP/ dnfO{ :jfut ug'{eof] . 3/af/ 5f]8]/ qmflGtsf] sfddf xf]ldPsL eg]/ dnfO{
dlxnf ;fyLx?n] kfn} kfnf] c+ufnf]df afFw]/ dfof ug'{eof] .
ahf/af6, dnfO{ 5f]8\g b'O hgf ;fyLx? cfpg' ePsf] lyof] . pxfFx? vfgkLg u/]/ nuQ}
ahf/ lt/ kmls{g' eof] . d cfk"mn] ef]Ub} cfPsf] eGbf leGg lhGbuL lhpg vf]Ndfsf] cfF6Ldf r9]+ .

0 0 0

d]/f] lhGbuLsf] kL8fnfO{ clxn] d} t AoQm ug{ ;lSbg eg], tkfO{+ emg s;/L dx;'; ug'{
x'G5 < Ps dxLgf;Dd d Jojl:yt x'g} ;lsg . tL lbgx? d]/f nflu cToGt} kL8fbfoL lbg lyP . g
d 3/ kmls{g ;Sy]+ g ToxfFsf] jftfj/0fdf leh]/ ;w}+ l6ls/x'+nf eGg] ljZjf; x'sf{pg ;Sy]+ . 3/
kmls{g d leqsf] :jfledfgn] dnfO{ /f]SYof] . ToxfF hLjg latfpg, ToxfFsf] cK7]/f]n] dnfO{ lryf]Yof]{ .
Pp6f s'/f tkfO{+nfO{ ;f]wf}+ < g]kfn leq slt cf]6f g]kfn 5g\ < a'em\g' ePg < xfdL Pp6f
g]kfndf 5f}+ . t/ s] ;a} g]kfn xfdL h:t} 5 < 5}g . To;}n] d ;a};Fu ;f]Wg] u5'{, clxn] klg g]kfn
leq sltcf]6f g]kfn 5g\ <
e"ldut hLjgdf dnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L lk/f]Ng] eg]sf] hLjgsf] leGgtf g} lyof] . ufpFdf, d]/f]
;kmfO{ l;4fGt k'/} km]n eof] . ;fa'gn] xft w'g] eg]sf] t bGt]syf h:tf] kf] nfUg yfNof] . lbzf w'g]
rng stf cGt}sf] rng xf] h:tf] nfUYof] . xft w'g' eg]sf] df6f] cyjf v/fgLn] x'GYof] . lbzf k'5\g]
|rng lyof] . cfn' klg tfl5+b}gYof] . rfdnsf] cg'xf/ b]Vg wf} wf} kYof]{ . ds}sf Rof+Vnf t} ljz]s
nfUYof] . ds} jf sf]bfsf] l9+9f] t 3f+6Laf6 l5/fpg} ufx|f] . tkfO{+ nfO{ cgf}7f] nfUnf – e"ldut hLjg
cf/De ug'{ cl3 ds} / sf]bfsf] l9+8f] dfG5]n] vfG5g\ eGg] dnfO{ yfx} lyPg .
dlxnfx?df s§' nfpg] rng lyPg . s§' klg gnfO{ s;/L lhjg rn]sf] xf]nf eg]/ d 5Ss
ky]{+ . dlxgfjf/L x'+bf, ljz]if sk8f k|of]u ug]{ r]tgf st} lyPg . /QmfDd] eP/ lx+8\g' ;a}sf nflu
:jefljs lyof] . d hxfF hxfF a;]+ – d}n] b]v]+ – ToxfF dlxnfx?df km/fl;nf]kg lyof] . ltgLx? lgle{s
lyP . ltgLx? /fhgLlts sfo{stf{ x'g dg k/fpy] . ltgLx? /fhgLlt ug]{x?nfO{ dfg uy]{ . dfof
uy]{ . x]/larf/ uy]{ . ltgLx? cToGt} lgle{s klg lyP . cx+, s;};Fu 8/fpb}gy] . t/ ltgLx?
:jf:Yo / ;kmfOsf ;fdfGo 1fgaf6 alGrt lyP . To:tf s'/f ltgnfO{ s;}n] l;sfPs} lyPg .
hLjg lhpgsf nflu To:tf] ;kmfO rflxG5 eg]/ s;}n] ltgLx?nfO{ ;'gfPs} lyPg .
d t cs}{ s'g} ;+;f/df cfPF ls h:tf] eof] . d}n] zx/af6 cfPsf k'?if ldqx?;Fu of] s'/f
/fVg ;lsg . pxfFx?n] cfkm}+ o:tf] s'/f] a'em\g] l:ylt klg lyPg .
t/ k/]kl5 h] klg 6fl/+bf] /x]5 . d}n] cfkm}+ lxDdt u/]+ . d}n] /fqL sIffx? rnfpg kf6L{;Fu
cg'dlt dfu]+ . d}n] ufpFsf dlxnf ofjf -;fyL_ x?nfO{ e]nf u/]+ . xfdL ToxfF qmflGtsf s'/f uYof}{+ .
Joj:yf km]g]{ s'/f uYof}{+ . cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf g]t[x?sf hLjgL k9\Yof}+ . ;+u;+u} d, d]/f ;fyLx?nfO{
hLjg lhpg] xfd|f] t/Lsf klg l;sfpg v]fHy]+ . clnslt ;fdflhs r]tgfsf] clg yf]/} :jf:y
r]tgfsf] lahf/f]k0f klg ToxL+ ug{ vf]Hy]+ .
s]xL lbg ;fx|} cK7]/f] eof] . cflv/df xfdL ;kmn eof}+ . ufpFdf Pp6f gofF ;+:sf/ /
;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; eof] . kl5 k'?if ;fyLx?n] klg d]/f] k|oTgsf] hfgsf/L kfpg' eof] . d} cfkm}+ klg
pxfFx?;Fu v'n]/ s'/f ug{;Sg] e};s]sL lyPF . ;a}n] d]/f] k|z+zf ug'{eof] . dnfO{ nfUof] – d}n] lgs}
7"nf] sfd u/]5' .
Tof] ;kmntf d]/f nflu slxNo} glgEg] k|sfz eof] . sfddf ;lhnf] xf];\ eg]/ d}n] cfˆgf]
skfn s]6fx?sf] h:tf] agfPF . af6f]df lx+88'n ubf{ d a9L k]06 / z6{ nufpg yfn]+ . dlxgf lbg
lat]kl5 d ufpFdf PSn} klg lx+8\g yfn]+ . cf]Nnf] kNnf] ufpFdf /ftf/ft uP/ kmls{g klg dnfO{
cK7\of/f] nfUg 5f]8\of] . rflxg] hlt kl/>d u/]/, ufpFdf sfd ug{ ;lhnf] nfUg] u/L d}n] cfˆgf]
hLjg–9fFrf v8f u/]+ .
d ;'vdf x'ls{PsL Pp6L nfx'/]sL 5f]/Laf6 Pp6L ufpFn] dlxnf ag]+ . xf], Toltubf{ klg d]/f]
;'s'df/ cg'xf/ / z/L/n] eg] km]l/g] df}sf kfPg . ufpFsf] :jR5 xfjfkfgLsf] Tof] t c? eml/nf] /
/l;nf] eP/ kf] cfof] .
Tolta]nf kf6L{ ;b:o aGg' ;fx|} sl7g lyof] . clxn] t Pp6f sfuh t]:of{P/ kf6L{ ;b:o
x'g kfOG5 . To;}n] klg xf]nf – clxn] kf6L{ ;b:o x'g' / gx'g' aLrsf] s'g} leGgtf klg 5}g . t/
Tolta]nf kf6L{ ;b:otf kfpg' eg]sf] Pp6f dxfef/t g} x'GYof] . To;}n] kf6L{ ;b:otf uf}/jsf] ljifo
x'GYof] .
xf], l7s} cg'dfg ug'{eof] . d Tolta]nf;Dd kf6L{ ;b:o ag]sL lyOg . d]/f] 5 dlxgfsf]
sfd x]/]kl5 kf6L{n] dnfO{ ;b:o aGg of]Uo 7x/\ofof] . kf6L{sf] hfFr b]v]/ d v'zL klg ePF . d}n]
/ftf] em08fsf] cufl8 pleP/, d'l6\7L s;]/ hLjge/ qmflGt / hgtfsf] ;]jfdf nflu/xg] zky vfPF .
d]/f] lgle{stf, :ki6jflbtf, s[ofzLntfn] dnfO{ rfF8f] rfF8f] cufl8 a9fof] . kl5Nnf] 5
dlxgfdf d}n] Onfsf sld6Lsf] sfdsf] lhDdf lnPF .
d ufpFdf /dfPsL lyPF . dnfO{ ufpF dg kg{ yfn]sf] lyof] . ;fyLx? dnfO{ c;fWo} dfof
ug'{x'GYof] . d]/f] uf]/f] / lrNnf] cg'xf/n] a]nf a]nfdf, ufpF3/df lx+88'n ubf{ ;+s6 hGdfP klg d
l6s]sL lyPF . otf 3/df klg d]/f] ;DaGw /fd|f] ePsf] lyof] . ca ToxL 9/f{df d]/f] hLjg cufl8
a9\5 h:tf] dnfO{ nfUg yfn]sf] lyof] .
3/sf] s'/f] < /fd|f] s'/f] ;f]Wg' eof] . t/ To;df s'g} /dfOnf] 5}g . d lx+8]sf] lbgel/ d]/f]
vf]hL ePg . ;fFemdf klg s;}n] jf:tf u/]g . t/ /ft l5lKk+b} uPkl5 3/df ;a}nfO{ lk/f]n]fn]
;dfTof] . d 3/ 5f]8]/ efu]+ eGg] ;a}nfO{ yfxf eof] . lax] ug{ d]/f] dg /dfPsf] 5}g eGg] ;a}nfO{
yfxf lyof] . To;}n] 3/df xf]xNnf gu/L Psfw lbg dnfO{ vf]Hg] eGg] ;Nnfx eP5 . d kSs} klg
s'g} cfkmGt sxfF n'Sg uPsL x'+nf eGg] ;a}sf] cg'dfg lyP5 .
3/sf ;a}n] d]/f] sf]7f rfxfg'{ eP5 . ;'gsf uxgfx? hxfFsf] txL+ e]l6P . n'ufsf] rfª
h:tfsf] t:t} b]lvof] . kGw| ;f]x| hf]/ rKkn / :kf]6{;\ h'Qfx? klg hltsf] tlt e]l6P . To;n] 3/df
;a}nfO{ emg 9'Ss kf/]5 . lax] ug'{kg]{ kL/n] s'g} cfkmGt sxfF u}5, ef]ln k;L{df NofOxflnG5 eg]/
pxfFx? 9'Ssn] ;'Tg' eP5 .
b'O{ lbg;Dd pxfFx?n] ;a}lt/ vf]Hg'eof] . ufpFsf] 3/df d lyOg, ldl/sdf cfkmGt sxfF d
lyOg, dfjnLdf d lyOg, bflh{lnËsf] cfkmGt sxfF klg d lyOg . pxfFx?n] w/fgdf vf]Hg' eP5 –
d ;fyLx? sxfF klg lyOg . To;kl5 pxfFx?n] sf7df08f}df 5l/Psf] ;fOgf] ;DaGw sxfF dfG5]
bf}8fpg' eP5 . cx+, d ToxfF klg k'u]sL lyOg . d]/f] v'6 va/ ge]6]kl5 kl/jf/ lkl/g yfn]5 .
pxfFx?n] To;kl5 s]6L efu]sL x'gfn] lax] x'g g;Sg] 6'Ëf] s]6f kIfnfO{ lbg' eP5 .
To;kl5 s]6f kIfsf] l/;fpg] kfnf] eP5 . pgLx? Tolta]nf a]:;/L l/;fPsf lyP / clxn]
klg pgLx?sf] Tof] l/;sf] /fu d/]sf] 5}g . dl/;s]sf] cfuf]af6 w'+jf pld|/x] h;/L ToxfF leqaf6
4]ifsf] /fu clxn] klg lgl:sO/x]5 . of] w'jf+sf] w;f]{ lsg lgl:sPsf] xf]nf < dfG5]sf] l/; slt rsf]{
x'G5 eGg] tkfO{+nfO{ yfxf 5 < d}n] pxfFx?sf] kl/jf/af6 l/;sf] rsf]{kg yfxf kfPsL 5' . clxn] klg
af6fdf e]6\bf pxfFx? d'v kmsf{pg' x'G5 . c:ktfndf hDsfe]6 x'+bf ;d]t 6fpsf] a6fg'{ x'G5 . Tof]
cg'xf/n] 36gf 36]sf] aL; jif{kl5 klg zAb cf]sNg ;s]sf] 5}g . s:tf] /dfOnf] l/; Û o;/L
l/;fpg kfpbf dHhf e]l6G5 < e]l6g] eP d klg s]xL dflg;x?;Fu a]:;/L l/;fpg] lyPF .
 a8f] /dfOnf] s'/f] ;f]Wg'eof] . tkfO{+sf b'O6} k|Zg /dfOnf 5g\ . klxnf] k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbpF <
gxfF:g';\ x} . olb Tolta]nf d 3/af6 gefu]sL eP / 3/n] /f]h]sf] s]6f;Fu d]/f] lax] ePsf] eP,
olta]nf d]/f klg UofnUofntL 5f]/f5f]/L x'Gy] / d pt}lt/ 3'+ 3'+ ub}{ s/fO/x]sf ;'+u'/nfO{ rf/f] lb+b}
cfˆgf] n'+uL :ofxf/L /x]sL x'Gy]+ . d dfG5]sf] lhGbuL lhpg} kfplbgy]+ . To;}n] dnfO{ lax] 6'6\g'df
s'g} k5'tf] 5}g . To;sf] pN6f] d cToGt} v'zL 5' . clxn] klg dnfO{ nfU5 – lax] 6'6\g'n] d]/f]
:jtGqtfsf] /Iff u/]sf] 5 . d]/f] hLjgdf pHofnf]sf] v]tL hf]ufPsf] 5 .
cfˆgf] 3/–kl/jf/;Fusf] k'gld{ng eg] /dfOnf] eof] . Tof], zfob cf}+zLsf] /ft lyof] .
tf/fx?n] xfdLnfO{ af6f] b]vfO/x]sf lyP . udL{sf] df};d lyof] – To;}n] vf]nf] ;'s]sf] lyof] . xfd|f]
3/, vf]nfsf] 5]pd} lyof] / vf]nfsf] kftnf] cfjfhn] /ftsf] ;Ggf6fnfO{ lrl//x]sf] lyof] . h'Qf
gvf]nL vf]nf] t/]/ d / d]/f] ;fyL 3/sf] cfFugdf plSnof}+ . 3/ d:t;Fu lgbfO/x]sf] lyof] . st}
rfnr'n lyPg . zfob st} x'RrLn s/fof] . d}n] 3/sf] b}nf]df 9\ofs\ 9\ofs\ u/]+ .
æsf] xf] == <Æ lgb|fdf plgPsf] afsf] :j/ ;'lgof] . d]/f] ;fyLn] d]/f] xft RofKk ;dft]/
sfgdf eGg'eof], æo;/L t xNnf x'G5 . tkfO{+ ;fgf] :j/df cfdf eg]/ af]nfpg';\ . tkfO{+sf] :j/
cfdfn] lrGg'x'G5 .Æ
d}n] To;} u/]+ . cfdf p7]sf] cfjfh d}n] ;'g]+ . pxfFn] ;':t/L eGg'eof], æa'af, P a'af, dfOnL
cfP h:tf] 5 . p7\g';\ , p7\g';\ .Æ
cfdfsf] zJbsf s];|fx?nfO{ 3/n] PSs}rf]6L ;'Gof] .
To;}n] af dfq} p7\g' ePg . Ps}rf]6L l;+u} 3/ lap+lemof] . 3/ leq aQL aNof] . cfdfn] b}nf]
p3fg'{eof] / dnfO{ c+ufnf]df xfn]/ ?g yfNg'eof] . d]/f efOalxgLx?n] dnfO{ uDnË 5f]k] . afn]
eGg'eof], æP g/f]cf], em08f af]Sg uPsL 5f]/L 3/ kms]{sL 5 . s]xL vfPsL 5}g xf]nf . vfgkLgdf
nfu .Æ
Tof] /ft cfdf /f]O/xg' eof] . d}n] k6s k6s, ;fyLsf cl3lNt/ dnfO{ nfh x'G5, g?g';\ g
cfdf, eg]+ . t/ cfdf /f]O/xg' eof] . s]6fs]6Ldf d s] ?Gy]+ / < cfdfn] To;nfO{ klg lhTg' eof] .
v'zLsf] cfFz' klg k'5]/ ;ls+bf] /x]g5 .
 d]/f] k||]d
Tof] kf6f]sf] rrf{ gu/L lhGbuLsf] syf cf/De g} x'+b}g . clxn];Dd d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ h] ;'gfPF
– Tof] t d]/f] hLjgsf] e"ldsf dfq xf] . hLjg t cem} z'? ePs} 5}g .
ufpFdf uPsf] rf/ dxLgfkl5 d}n] d]/f] >LdfgnfO{ b]Vg] df}sf kfPF . xf], Tof] df}s} xf] . pxfF
Tolta]nf klg kf6L{sf] 7"n} g]tf x'g'x'GYof] / pxfF lhNnf lhNnfdf s'lb/xg' x'GYof] . d a;]sf] ufpFdf
pxfFsf] Pp6f afs; lyof] . Tof] afs;df pxfFsf s]xL lstfax?, s]xL n]vx? ;'/lIft lyP . xfd|f]
kf6L{df Tolta]nf lstfa sfkLsf dfldnfdf s'g} uf]klgotf x'+b}gYof] . Pslbg d}n] Tof] afs; vf]n]+ .
lstfax? t d]/f nflu gofF lyPgg\ . t/ pxfFsf 8fo/Lx? eg] d]/f nflu Psbd} gofF lyP . ltgdf
pxfFn] syf, sljtf n]Vg' ePsf] lyof] .
t/ syf sljtfn] dnfO{ df]lxt kf/]sf xf]Ogg\ . d 8fo/Ldf n]lvPsf cIf/x? b]v]/} df]lxt
ePF . olt /fd|f] cIf/ n]Vg] dfG5] s:tf] xf]nf eg]/ d}n] cfkm\g} dgnfO{ ;f]w]+ .
tkfO{+nfO{ 9fF6]sf] xf]Og . d pxfFsf cIf/x?nfO{ clxn] klg pxfF eGbf a9L dfof u5'{ . To;}n]
pxfFn] n]lv/x]sf] b]Vbf d bË k5'{ . d]/f efOx? cfˆgf] legfh'nfO{ jiff}{gL pkxf/ lbg] u5{g\ . d
pgLx?nfO{ eG5' – ltdLx?n] cfˆgf] legfh'nfO{ snd dfq} pkxf/ lbg' . d]/f] dgn] eG5 – pxfF gofF
gofF sndn] n]lv/xg kfpg' xf];\ . afFr'Gh]nsf] n]vgLdf gofF sndsf] 5fofF 5l/O/xf];\ . pxL
sndn] pxfFsf] xftdf Ps jif{ eGbf a9L v]lng} gkfcf];\ .
of] d]/f] egfO{ d]/f] Tof] klxnf] k|efj;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . Tof] ;fgf] afs;sf] 8fo/Ldf
d':sfO/x]sf cIf/x?n] d]/f] dgsf] nofn'kgdf k|]d eGg] zJb d}n] yfx} gkfO{ n]v]sf] x'g;S5 . stf
stf dnfO{ nfU5 – To;}n] d}n] ltg} cIf/x?sf] cg'xf/df pxfFnfO{ k|]d ug{ yfn]sL lyPF .
ToxL /ft, cyf{t\, syf / sljtfx? k9]sf] /ft g} d}n] ufpFsf] dlxnf ofjf;Fu Tof] 8fo/Lsf]
s'/f] ;f]w]+ . pxfFn] d]/f] dgsf] rf]/ klqmg' eP5 ls Sof xf] Û æcs}{ ufpFdf sfd ug]{ cs}{ Pshgf
dlxnf ;fyLsf] 8fo/L xf]Æ eg]/ pxfFn] dnfO{ 6fg'{eof] . t/ d]/f] dgn] Tof] 8fo/L s'g} s]6Lsf] xf]
eg]/ :jLsfg}{ rfx]g . d leq v'nb'nL dlRrO/x\of] . lsg lsg, oL cIf/x? s]6f dfG5]s} x'g'k5{ eg]/
d]/f] dg, Pp6f gb]lvPsf] cg'xf/ lt/ tflgO/x\of] . d}n] c? b'O{ hgf dlxnf ;fyLx?;Fu Tof]
8fo/Ldf n]lvPsf] sljtf / syfsf] af/]df s'/f u/]+ . cx+, dnfO{ s;}n] ;fFRrf] s'/f] eGb} eg]g .
dg lg/fz t ePsf] lyPg, t/ tL cIf/x?s} dfofdf d}n] df}nfpg' k5{ ls eg] h:tf] dnfO{
nfUb} lyof] . cIf/ h:t} Pp6f cg'xf/ x]g{ d}n] nfd} k|ltIff ug'{kg]{ /x]5 eGg] nfUg yfn]sf] lyof] .
Pslbg ;fyLx?n] eGg'eof], æcfh xfdL ;a}n] dg k/fpg] lhDd]jf/ ;fyL cfpb} x'g'x'G5 .
tkfO{+sf] dgdf s]xL ;d:of 5g\ eg] ;f]Wg'x]fnf . cfh /ft pxfF oxL+ a:g' x'G5 . ef]ln lbpF;f] pxfF
oxfFaf6 hfg' x'G5 .Æ ;fyLx?n] dnfO{ a9L ;ts{ u/fp+b} eGg'eof] – æcfh tkfO{+ ;f]Wgaf6 r'Sg'
eof] eg] km]l/ Psfw dlxgf tkfO{+n] pxfFnfO{ e]6\g kfpg' x'g]5}g . To;}n] nfu] hlt ;a} s'/f ;f]Wg'
xf]nf .Æ
d /ft kv{]/ al;/x]+ . dgdf Pp6f sf}t'xntf lyof] . lh1f;f lyof] . ;a} ;fyLx?n] dfof
ug]{ Tof] ofjf s:tf] xf]nf eGg] 1fgsf] cfu|x klg lyof] .
/ftsf] To:t} !) ah]sf] x'g'k5{ . tkfO{+n] Tolta]nfsf] xfd|f] hLjgz}nLnfO{ a'em\g' k5{ .
e"ldut hLjgdf /ft / lbg pN6f] x'G5 . Tolta]nf xfd|f] laxfg /ftsf] gf}, bz ah] pl3|g] uYof]{ /
;"o{n] k[YjLnfO{ cfˆgf] dfofn' cFufnf]df afFWg] tof/L ul//x+bf xfd|f] s[ofsnfkdf /ftsf] rGb|df
e'mlNsGYof] .
 Tof] ebf}sf] /ft lyof] / l;dl;d kfgL kb}{ lyof] . ;fFemdf Ps em/ 7"nf] kfgL kl/;s]sf]
lyof] / ds}sf kftx? leh]sf lyP . ufpF3/df lx+8\bf af/L af/Laf6} lx+8\g' k5{ eGg] tkfO{+nfO{ yfx}
xf]nf . d ds}sf kftsf] kfgLdf leHb} pxfF cfpg] elgPsf] 3/df uPF . leq dw'/f] alQ aln/x]sf]
lyof] / ufpFsf kfFr hgf ;fyLx? dem]/Ldf a;]/ 7"n7"nf] :j/df ukm ul//xg' ePsf] lyof] .
d uPkl5 ;a}sf] :j/ cf]ln{of] . dem]/Lsf] jftfj/0fdf kf6L{ ldl;Psf] lyof] . xfdL ufpFsf]
kf6L{ sfd / k|f}9 lzIffsf] lj:tf/sf] s'/f]df nfUof}+ .
!! ah] d}n] lrg]sf] lhNnf g]tf 3/leq k:g'eof] . pxfF;Fu d]/f] w]/} rf]6L e]6 e};s]sf] lyof]
/ pxfFsf] cfgLafgL;Fu klg d kl/lrt lyPF . pxfF klg dnfO{ l;:6/ eg]/ dfofn' ;Daf]wg ug'{x'GYof]
. d c?;Fusf] af]nLrflndf h;/L g} pxfFnfO{ ofjf eGy]+ .
pxfFsf] kl5 kl5 Pp6f b'Anf] / ;lsg} cfF6]sf] sfnf] sfnf] /Ësf] dfG5] dem]/Ldf k:of] .
ToxfF a;]sf ;a} ;fyLn] dgb]lvsf] >4f kf]v]/ Tof] gofF ;fyL;Fu xft ldnfpg' eof] . cfˆgf] If]qsf]
7"nf] g]tf eGbf, d}n] dgdg} Pp6f /fhs'df/s} sNkgf u/]sL lyPF . Tolta]nfsf] d]/f] af]nLrfnLsf]
efiffdf eGg'x'G5 eg] x\of08;d Dofg Û t/ Tof] x\of08;d Dofgsf] 7fpFdf dg{ cf+6]sf] afx'g
cg'xf/nfO{ emnSs b]Vbf d 7"nf] kx/faf6 km\of+lsP h:tL ePF . d}n] klg pxfF;Fu xft ldnfPF .
pxfFsf] cg'xf/df j]jf:tf gflr/x]sf] lyof] . dnfO{ rf]6 nfUof] . cfkm\gf afa', cfdf, bfh'efO,
lbbLalxgL -Tolt a]nf;Dd klg kl/jf/;Fu d]/f] ;DaGw /fd|f] e};s]sf] lyPg . cyf{t\ egf}+ /fd|f]
agfpg xfdL s;}n] k|oTg u/]s} lyPgf}+ ._ ;a}nfO{ 5f]8]/, cfˆgf] ;'v;'ljwf, / cf/fdsf] lhGbuLnfO{
nft xfg]/ cfPsL d h:tL sfo{stf{ k|lt of] s:tf] j]jf:tfkg xf] eg]/ d cfkm}+ leq emls{PF . dnfO{
nfUof] – o:tf] ?vf] g]tfnfO{ lsg ;a}n] ;fyL eg]/ dfg u/]sf xf]nfg\ Û
3/sf] dlxnf ;fyLn] pxfFx?nfO{ vfg a:g cfu|x ug'{eof] . pxfFsf] yfndf /flvlbPsf] eft
b]v]/ d t 5Ss k/]+ . r/fsf] vfGsL eGg] tkfO{+n] ;'Gg'ef 5 < zfob r/f] klg Tof] eGbf a9L vfG5
xf]nf . Tolt vfgf vfP/ s;/L dfG5] afFR5 x+ eg]/ d}n] cfˆgf] cf>osL dlxnf ;fyL;Fu ;f]w]+ .
pxfFn] eGg'eof], æof] t w]/} kf] xf] . cfh lx+8]/ cfPsf] x'gfn] olt vfg' xf]nf . gq pxfFsf] vfGsL
eg]sf] o;sf] cfwf xf] .Æ
dg{ cfF6]sf] Tof] z/L/ k|lt dnfO{ bof nfUof] . t/ Tof] k|]d lyPg . Tolta]nf pxfF;Fu k|]d
ug]{ sNkgf klg d}n] ;+ufn]sL lyOg . xf], Pp6f lh1f;f lyof] . of] dflg; sf] xf]nf < o;sf] 3/df
sf] sf] xf]nfg\ < o;sf] kl/jf/df slt ;b:o xf]nfg\ < vfFb} gvfO{ dg]{ af6f]df nfu]sf] o;sf]
x]/larf/ s;n] u/]sf] xf]nf < h:tf :jefljs sf}t'xntfn] dnfO{ Tolta]nf a]l//x]sf lyP .
pxfFn] To;kl5 ddfly k|efj yf]kg{ yfNg'eof] . vfgf vfO;s]kl5 pxfF af]Ng yfNg' eof] .
Psl5gsf nflu dnfO{ nfUof] – pxfFn] ghfg]sf] ljifo s]xL 5}g . gbL h:tf] nfUg] af]nL lyof] Tof] /
;a} If]qnfO{ ;d]6\g ;Sg] zLk lyof] To;df . /fhgLltsf] efiffnfO{ slQ klg af]lemn agfpg gkg]{
s:tf] z}nL xf]nf Tof] < d}n] ToxL z}nLnfO{ ;dfTg] c7f]6 u/]+ .
/ft s;/L uNof] xfdL s;}nfO{ yfxf ePg . pxfFn] d'n'ssf] /fhgLltsf] af/]df atfpg' eof]
. hgdt ;+u|xsf] x'/Lsf] a]nf lyof] Tof] / ;dfrf/x?nfO{ kv]{/ xfdL yfls/x]sf x'GYof}+ . ahf/af6
c? ;fyLx? cfpFbf klg Psfw 306f aflx/sf] ;dfrf/ ;'g]/ xfdL cfkm"nfO{ /fli6«o /fhgLltsf]
gbLdf x]Ng] uYof}{ . Tolta]nf t tLg 306f lat]sf] klg xfdLnfO{ kQ} ePg .
pxfFn] ahf/sf ;fyLx?sf] af/]df atfpg' eof] . d}n] lrg]sf ljBfyL{ ;fyLx?sf af/]df
atfpg' eof] / cGtdf xfdLn] ufpFdf ul//x]sf] sfdsf] hfgsf/L ln+b} ltgdf ePsf vf]6 / /fd|f
s'/fx?sf af/]df nfdf] l6Kk0fL ug'{eof] .
laxfg pHofnf] x'g] a]nfdf xfdL 5'l§of}+ . lx+8\g] a]nfdf, pxfFsf] sfo{qmd km]l/Psf] s'/f] d}n]
yfxf kfPF . pxfF b'O tLg lbg ToxL+ a:g] x'g'ePsf] /x]5 . pxfF bflh{lnËaf6 e/v/ pkrf/ u/fP/
kmls{g' ePsf] /x]5 . To;}n] s]xL lbg pxfFnfO{ ToxL ufpFdf cf/fd u/fpg' k5{ eGg] 6'+uf] lhNnf
sld6Lsf ;fyLx?n] ug'{ePsf] /x]5 . gofF va/ ;'g]kl5 ufpFsf c? ;fyLx?;Fu} dnfO{ klg v'zL
nfUof] . lj4fgsf] ;+ut kfOg] e}of] eg]/ d 8fo/L / lstfax? /flvPsf] 3/df cf/fd ug{ kmls{PF .
 xfdL 3/df cfP/ ;'t]gf}+ . gofF ;fyLsf] af/]df ukm u/]/ a:of}+ . d;Fu} cfpg' ePsL dlxnf
;fyLn] dnfO{ eGg'eof], æ;fyL, tkfO{+n] c:tL s'/f ug'{ePsf] 8fo/L n]Vg] sfd/]8 pxfF g} xf] . d}n]
em'Sofpg dfq dlxnf ;fyLsf] 8fo/L eg]sL x'+ .Æ
g9f+6L eGg'x'G5 eg], dnfO{ v'zL nfu]g . 8fo/Lsf cIf/x? d]/f nflu ;kgfsf /fhs'df/
h:tf lyP . d}n] Pp6f /fd|f], ;'s'df/, vfOnfUbf] k'?if ;fyLsf] cg'xf/ Tof] 8fo/Ldf b]v]sL lyPF . t/
8fo/L n]Vg] dfG5], ef]ln g} dl/xfNnf ls h:tf] Pp6f b'Anf], RofF;] / g/fd|f] dfG5] lyof] . d cIf/ /
dfG5]sf] aLrdf ?dlNng yfn]+ . d]/f] Pp6f dgn] cIf/sf] ;fyL;Fu k|]d ug{ yfln;s]sf] lyof] t/ d]/f]
csf]{ dg, k'?if ;fyLsf] ?k;Fu tl;{g vf]lh/x]sf] lyof] . Pp6f 4Lljwf, Pp6f cGof}n, Pp6f lrGtfn]
d]/f] dgsf] lzsf/ u¥of] . s] u?+, s] gu?+ eGg] 4Lljwfn] dnfO{ lbge/ ufNof] .
tkfO{+n] 7Ls} cg'dfg ug'{eof] . emnSs b]Vbf dg gk/fPsf] eP klg d}n] ToxL /ftb]lv d]/f]
>LdfgnfO{ dfof ug{ yfln;s]sL lyPF . To;}n] pxfFsf] z/L/ b]v]/ d]/f] dg r'sr'sfPsf] lyof] . pxfF
b'O tLg lbg ufpFdf a:g] x'g'eof] eGg] ;'g]/ d v'zL ePsL lyPF . k|To]s /ft pxfFn] xfd|f] Snf; lng'
x'g]5 eGg] ;'g]/ km'?Ë k/]sL lyPF . dfof a;]s} x'gfn] d leq pxfFsf] kl/jf/sf] hfgsf/Lsf] rfx
a9]sf] lyof] .
To:tf] t sxfF x'G5 / < d}n] dgsf] Pp6f kf6f]sf] dfq s'/f u/]sL x'+ . pxfF cljjflxt
x'g'x'G5, of pxfF dh:tL s]6L;Fu ljjfx ug{ tof/ x'g'x'G5 eGg] lrGtg ug{ ;Sg] 7fpFdf klg xfdL
lyPgf}+ . ufpFsf ;a} ;fyLx?n] pxfFnfO{ b]ptf h:tf] agfpg' ePsf] lyof] . x'g klg pxfFn] lhNnfsf
sl7g eGbf sl7g ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;lhn/L xn ub}{ cfpg' ePsf] lyof] . Tof] ufpFsf] r]tgf / pxfFsf]
r]tgfsf aLr 7"nf] leGgtf lyof] . Psk|sf/n] eGg'x'G5 eg], pxfF ufpFn] e};Sg' ePsf] lyPg . pxfF
ufpFsf] u'? x'g'x'GYof] . dof{bf x'g'x'GYof] . dnfO{ ;Demgf 5 – pxfF hlt ;/n x'g vf]Hbf klg xfdL,
pxfFsf :yfgLo ofjf -;fyL_ x?, pxfF;Fu 8/fpYof}+ . Ps vfnsf] qf;n] xfdLnfO{ lsr]sf] x'GYof] .
Pp6f ef/Ln] xfdLnfO{ lyr]sf] x'GYof] . To;}n] a]nf df}sfdf xfF;Vofn ug]{ xfd|f cf]7x?df pxfFsf]
pkl:yltn] tfNrf nfOlbGYof] .
bf]>f] /ft, pxfFn] d;Fu d]/} af/]df s'/f ug'{eof] . d s;/L cfGbf]ngdf nfu]+, s;/L kf6L{sf]
hfgsf/L eof], lsg k]z]j/ ePF h:tf k|Zgsf] 3]/fdf afFw]/ pxfFn] d]/f] kl/jf/, d]/f] dfgl;stf ;a}
v]ftNg' eof] / Tof] If]qsf] lhDd]jf/ g]tfnfO{ eGg'eof], æoltsf lbg;Dd, kl/jf/nfO{ s]xL yfxf
glbP/ uNtL eof] . pxfFnfO{ PskN6 3/ k7fOlbg' xf]nf . 3/sf dflg;x? ;w}+ lkl/O/xg] kl/l:ylt
/fd|f] xf]Og . s] ef] / < /ftL hfg' x'G5, laxfgLkv lg:sg' x'G5 . cyjf, 3/df ;a}n] /fd|f] u/]df,
Psfw lbg latfpg' x'G5 .Æ
eGg' p;f] xf]Og, kl/jf/ / 3lgi6 ;fyLx?af6 w]/} lbgb]lv k/ /xg' k/]sf]n] xf]nf d leq af
cfdf;Fu e]6\g] ltvf{ lg;fl:;P/ cfPsf] lyof] . ;fyLx?n] s] eGg'xf]nf eg]/ dfq} d}n] d'v vf]n]sL
lyOg . Tof] ;fFem pxfFn] d]/f] d'v af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] . d}n] cfkm}+;Fu ;f]w]+ – csf{sf] dgsf] s'/f] of]
dflg;nfO{ s;/L yfxf x'G5 <
dfG5]sf] dgnfO{ 5'g o:t} dl;gf s'/fx? ;xof]uL x'G5g\ . pxfFn] hlt ;lhn/L d]/f cfdf /
afx?sf] rrf{ ug'{eof], d]/L alxgLsf] rrf{ ug'{eof] / dnfO{ 3/ k7fpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg lgb]{zg
lbg'eof], To;n] pxfF;Fu tflgPsf] nDafOsf] 8f]/L :jf§} 5f]l§of] . dnfO{ nfUof] – of] g]tf ;fFlRrs}
cGt/ofdL /x]5 .
Tof] t d s;/L eGg ;S5' / < bz}+kl5sf] h'g]nL /ftsf] d]/f] nfdf] skfnsf] syf t pxfFn]
w]/} kl5 ;'gfpg' ePsf] lyof] .
pxfFn] Tolta]nf dnfO{ k|]d ug'{ x'GYof] ls x'GgYof] dnfO{ yfxf x'g] s'/f] klg ePg . xfdL
plePsf] l8nsf] prfO{ lgs} tn dfly lyof] . d}n] ;f]Wg] ;fx; ug]{ 6]sf] klg d;Fu lyPg . t/ d
pxfFnfO{ leq leq} k|]d ug{ yfln;s]sL lyPF . To;}n] d pxfFsf lstfa / gf]6a'sx? :ofxf/]/
/flvlbGy]+ . pxfF ufpFdf cfp+bf h;/L klg d pxfFsf] s'/f] ;'Gg k'Uy]+ . lhNnfdf sfo{stf{ e]nf x'+bf
cyjf o:t} e]63f6sf sfo{qmd x'+bf pxfF;Fu e]l6g] 6'Ëf] x'g] x'gfn] d km'?Ë k/]/ tL sfo{qmdx?df
efu lng k'Uy]+ . pxfFsf] 5]pdf kg'{ klg 7"nf] s'/f] xf] h:tf] dnfO{ nfUg yfn]sf] lyof] .
 Toltdfq xf]Og, d ghflgbf] kf/fn] pxfFsf] x]/larf/ uy]{+ . pxfFsf] n'uf s:tf] 5, pxfF;Fu
6'ya|; / k]:6 h:tf ;fdfgx? 5g\ ls 5}gg\ eGg] rf;f] k|foM d /flv/xGy]+ . xfdL ofjfx?, Ps
csf{sf emf]nf vf]Ng :jtGq lyof}+ . To:tf] a]nfdf d pxfFsf] emf]nf vf]tn]/ ;fdfgsf] vfFrf] b]v]+ eg]
h'6fOlbg] k|oTg uy]{+ .
x]g'{;\, hlt km/fl;nf] eP klg Tof] rflx+ ;Dej x'+b}g h:tf] nfU5 . pxfF;Fu, d hlt glhs
x'g vf]Hy]+ – TolQs} 8/fpy] klg . tkfO{+nfO{ Pp6f 36gf ;'gfp+ < PskN6 xfdL Pp6f k|f}9 sIffsf]
d"Nof+sg ug{ e]nf ePsf lyof}+ . d}n] pxfFnfO{ c+u|]hLdf af]nfPF . pxfFn] cfFvf t/]/ dnfO{ x]g'{eof] .
d]/f] ;f/f z/L/ sfDof] . t/ pxfFn] t'?Gt} cfkm"nfO{ ;Dxfn]/ eGg'eof], æo:tf] uNtL slxNo} gug'{
xf]nf . cfkm"nfO{ hfGg] b]vfpg c+u|]hL gaf]Ng' xf]nf . ;fyLx?sf] dg b'V5 . xfdL s'g} ljz]if s'/f
ul//x]sf 5f}+ ls eg]/ pxfFx?sf] dg s'+l8G5 .Æ
To;}n] dgsf] k|]dufyf pxfFsf cl3lNt/ kf]Vg d]/f] lxDdt s;/L hlGdGYof] / <
l7s} eGg'eof] . s;} g s;}n] t dgsf] s'/f] kf]Vg} kYof]{ . pxfFn] g} kxn ug'{eof] . xfd|f]
lrgfhfgL ePsf] Ps jif{ e};s]sf] lyof] / d}n] cfˆgf] sfd / Ifdtfaf6 pxfFsf] dg lhlt;s]sL lyPF
. Pslbg xfdL lbpF;f] csf]{ Onfsf lt/ u}/x]sf lyof}+ . af6f] Ao:t lyof] . To;}n] s]xL gaf]nL
w'dw'dtL lx+8\g' c:jefljs x'G5 eg]/ pxfFn] dnfO{ klxn] g} xf]lzof/ u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . t/
xf]lzof/ eP/ s] ug'{ < dnfO{ s'/f ug{ cfpb}gYof] . To;}n] s'/f] yfNg] lhDdf pxfFn] g} lng'eof] .
sxfFaf6 yfNg'eof] < d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ z'?d} eg]y]+ lg – xf], ToxL+af6 yfNg'eof] . cf]l/kl/ x]b}{
pxfFn] eGg'eof], æ)#^ ;fnsf] bz}+sf] clGtd lbg, /ftL d Onfd ahf/sf] Pp6f rf]sdf k'u]sf] lyPF .
Tof] rf]sdf xfd|f s]xL ;fyLx? b]p;Lsf] tof/L ul//xg' ePsf] lyof] . Tof] 6f]nLdf Pshgf dlxnf
;fyL x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFsf] skfn nfdf] lyof] . df]6f] / sfnf] klg lyof] . tkfO{+ Tof] ;fyLnfO{ lrGg' x'G5
<Æ
Psl5g t s:tf] s'/f u/]sf] xf]nf eg]/ d cndlnPF . t/ t'?Gt} d ;DxflnPF . of] af6f]
sf6\g o:t} xNsfkm'Nsf s'/f ug'{ k5{, oxfF ulDe/ s'/f ug{ ;Dej 5}g, kf6L{sf] s'/f] t emg} ug'{ x'+b}g,
bf]xf]/L–nQf dflg;x? lx+l8/x]sf] 7fpFdf o:t} s'/fn] t af6f] sf6\g ;lhnf] x'G5 eg]/ d}n] dgsf]
lgisif{ lgsfn]+ .
d}n] Psl5g s'/f] vf]tNg rfx]+ . xfd|f] Tof] ofqf em08} b'O 306fsf] x'G5 eGg] dnfO{ yfxf
lyof] . To;kl5 xfdL d"naf6f] 5f]8]/ t/fO{ emg]{ ;fgf] uf]/]6f] lt/ nfUg] lyof}+ . cf]/fnf] nfu]kl5
dflg;x?;Fu e]6 x'g] ;Defjgf klg sd lyof] . ToxfF h:tf] s'/f klg ug{ ;lsGYof] . ToxfF gk'u'Gh]n
o:t} s'/f u/]/ ;do s6fpg' kg]{ lyof] .
sf]6\ofO;s]kl5, Tof] nfdf] skfn ePsL s]6L d} lyPF eg]/ pxfFnfO{ ;'gfPF . pxfF lx+8\bf
lx+8\b} l7Ë pleg' eof] / 5Ss k/]/ dnfO{ x]g{ yfNg' eof] . Tolta]nf klg d]/f] skfn s]6fx?sf] h:tf]
5f]6f] lyof] .
d'n af6f] ;ls+bf g;ls+b} pxfFsf] dgsf] s'/f] d}n] yfxf kfO;s]sL lyPF . cf]/fnf] emg]{ 7fpFdf
cfPkl5 pxfFn] d';'Ss xfF;]/ d;Fu ;f]Wg'eof], ætkfO{+ d;Fu lax] ug'{ x'G5 <Æ
Tolta]nf dnfO{ slt v'zL nfUof] eg]/ tkfO{+ sNkgf klg ug{ ;Sg'x'Gg . Tof] If0f ;lDemof]
ls clxn] klg d pxL afO; jif]{ o'jtLdf ?kfGtl/t x'G5' . Tolta]nf ld7f] 3fd nfu]sf] lyof] .
cfsf; ;kmf lyof] . dnfO{ nfUof] – d klg r/fx? h:t} p8'+ . ;f/f ;+;f/ rfxf?+ / kmgSs kmls{P/
pxfFsf] sfFwdf a;'+ . d]/f] gfsn] eGof] – ;+'3 t, kfgL k/]/ a;]sf] df6f]df slt ld7f] ;'uGw pld|/x]5
Û
ToxL lbg d dgn] Psaf6 b'Odf uPF . Pp6f laxfnfO{ d}n] kGw| dxLgf klxn] c:jLsf/
u/]sL lyPF . t/ kGw}| dxLgfdf d gflr/x]sf] dgn] csf]{ laxfsf nflu tof/ ePsL lyPF .
xf]Og, xf]Og, xfd|f] lax] Tolta]nf ePg . xfdLn] b'O jif{ h:tf] k|ltIff u/\of}+ . c+, v'zLn]
u/\of}+ . To;kl5 Pp6f ;fbf ;df/f]xdf xfd|f] lax] eof] . xfd|f] laafxdf glhssf aL; hgf hlt
;fyLx? x'g'x'GYof] . kf6L{ xfdL b'a}sf] cleefjs lyof] . pxfFn] d]/f] l;p+bf]df l;Gb'/ xflnlbg' eof],
d}n] pxfFsf] unfdf dfnf nfOlbPF . a;\, xfd|f] lax] eof] . lax] ;s]/ pxfF cfˆgf] sfddf nfUg' eof] .
d cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L ;DxfNg lt/ nfu]+ . a;\, ToxL lhDd]jf/L xfd|f] xlgd'g eof] .
lax]kl5 s:tf] cg'ej ug'{ / < olQ egf}+ – h:tf] c?n] u5{g\, xfdLn] klg To:t} u/\of}+ xf]nf
. t/ tkfO{+nfO{ Pp6f s'/f elgxfnf}+, of] cGt/hflto laafx eg]sf] ;lhnf] rflx+ x'+bf] /x]g5 . Pp6f
dgf]u|GyL, lj/f]wsf] dgf]u|GyLn] x/]s dflg;nfO{ ;dft]sf] x'+bf] /x]5 . hlt;'s} km/flsnf] eP klg Tof]
u|GyL xlNng] lalQs} dfG5]sf] dg ljlrq} 9+un] ;f+3'/f] x'+bf] /x]5 .
xf]Og, d}n] s;}nfO{ klg bf]if lbPsf] x]fOg . xfd|f] lax] x'+bf d]/f] kl/jf/ v'zL lyof] / pxfFsf]
kl/jf/ klg v'zL lyof] . b'j}lt/af6 xfdLn] ;femf z'esfdgf kfPsf lyof}+, :g]x / cflzjf{b klg
kfPsf lyof}+ . d]/f] dfOtLn] xfdLnfO{ rv]jf rv]jLsf] hf]8L eg]sf] lyof], d]/f] 3/n] xfdLnfO{
v/fof]sf] hf]8L eg]sf] lyof] . xfdL st} laemfpg ;S5f}+ eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfUb}gYof] . t/ v} s] eP/ xf]
sf]lg Ps csf{sf] kl/jf/ leq k:g] lalQs} xfdL Ps csf{sf nflu ux'|Ëf] ef/L aGg k'Uof}+ . s]xL
lbgd} xfdLnfO{ yfxf eof] – pxfFnfO{ d]/f] dfOtLn] d h;/L ;xh 9+un] ;sfg{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g clg d
pxfFsf] kl/jf/ leqsL ;xh ;b:o aGg ;ls/x]sL 5}g . cfkm"n] k6Ss} glrtfPsf] cgf}7f] l:ylt
xfd|f ;fd" pkl:yt eof] . To;kl5sf lbgx?df d]/f] dfOtLdf d PSn} hfGy]+ / pxfFsf] va/ ;'gfpy]+
. pxfFsf] 3/df pxfF PSn} hfg'x'GYof] / d]/f] va/ ;'gfpg' x'GYof] . nfUYof] – xfdL Ps csf{sf x'nfsL
dfq xf}+ / Ps csf{sf] kl/jf/;Fu xfd|f] s'g} ;DaGw 5}g .
To;kl5 s] u/\of}+ < h] ug'{ kYof]{, xfdLn] ToxL u/\of}+ . d pxfFsf] kl/jf/af6 clns 6f9f ePF
. dfgf}+ d pxfFx?sf] kl/jf/sf] kfx'gf x'+ . pxfFn] klg To:t} ug'{eof] . d]/f] kl/jf/af6 pxfFn] cfkm"nfO{
cnUu} /fVg' eof] dfgf}+ pxfF Tof] kl/jf/sf] lr7Lkqsf] ldq dfq xf] . pxfF / d]/f] kl/jf/;Fusf]
;DaGw kl/lrt dflg;x? aLrsf] z'esfdgf cfbfg k|bfg / df};dL e]63f6x?df ;Lldt eof] .
xf]Og, xf]Og, o;/L aLrdf g6f]Sg';\ g . d tkfO{+nfO{ ;fFRr} ;fFRr} ;'gfOxfN5' lg Û o:tf]
cj:yf em08} b'O jif{ hlt /x\of] xf]nf . To;kl5 kl/jf/sf nflu xfdL clgjfo{ h:t} eof}+ . b'O
jif{df jftfj/0f plN6of] / ljlrq} 9+un] plN6of] . Ps ;o c;L l8u|L klN6of] elgG5 lg Û xf], To:t}
eof] . d]/f] dfOtLdf pxfF d eGbf a9L u|fx\o x'g'eof] clg pxfFsf] kl/jf/df d pxfFeGbf a9L u|fx\o
ePF . b'O jif{sf] ;Ggf6fn] b'a} kl/jf/nfO{ kf]n]5 . xfdL lgh{g 6fk' h:tf] e}lbgfn] b'a} kl/jf/
d?e"lddf ?kfGtl/t eP5g\ . To;}n] cfˆgf]nfO{ dfof ug{ b'a}n] csf]{nfO{ bflxg] c+ufnf]df afFw]sf
/x]5g\ . To;}n] clxn] tkfO{+ b]Vg' ;Sg'x'G5 – pxfFsf] kl/jf/df d hflgkmsf/ dflgG5' / pxfF
Aojxfl/s 1fg gePsf] dflg;df ulgg'x'G5 . otf d]/f] kl/jf/df rflx+ pxfF w]/} hflgkmsf/ dflgg'
x'G5 – d vfln pxfFsf] 5fofF dfq 7xl/G5' .
xf]Og, xf]Og . lsg lrQ b'Vg] < of] t xfdL b'a}sf nflu /fd|f] ePsf] 5 . uPsf] kGw| jif{b]lv
xfd|f] kfl/jfl/s ;DaGw o;} lx;fan] cl3 a9]sf] 5 / xfdL ;a} ;'vL / ;Gt'i6 5f}+ . clxn] b'O
kl/jf/, xfd|f dfWodaf6 Ps ePsf 5g\ . Pp6fnfO{ rf]6 nfUbf csf]{nfO{ b'V5 clg Pp6fn] uLt
ufpFbf csf]{n] afhf ahfp5 . s] ;'v, s] b'Mv, ;a}df xfdL Pp6} 7fpFdf 5f}+ . 3l/ 3l/ o:tf] nfU5 –
xfdL :juL{o 6fk'sf] cd[tdo jiff{df g'xfO/x]sf 5f}+ .
wt\, To:tf] klg x'G5 < d}n] v'zL AoQm ug]{ ;'Gb/ zJbx?sf] cfljisf/ u/]sL dfq x'+ . xfdL
k[YjLdf 5pGh]n, xfdL;Fu b'Mv klg x'G5, ;'v klg x'G5 . b'Mv/xLt k|f0fL e"tndf x'G5 eg]/ tkfO{+
sNkg} gug'{;\ . of] e"d08ndf /fhfb]lv /Í;Ddsf ;a} dflg;x?df b'Mv kfOG5 . To;nfO{ tkfO{+
lrGg g;Sg' xf]nf, To;nfO{ tkfO{+ sf]6\ofpg g;Sg' xf]nf . t/ b'Mvsf] cl:tTj ;a} 7fpFdf hLljt
/xG5 . b'Mv b]Vg] cfFvf tkfO{+sf] lgwf/ d'lg x'+b}g . Tof] lgwf/ leq n's]/ a;]sf] x'G5 . Tof] leqsf]
cfFvfnfO{ aflx/ lgsfNg g;Sbf b'Mv/lxt dflg;x? klg x'G5g\ ls eGg] e|d kg{ ;S5 . Tof] e|daf6
d'Qm x'g';\ . ef}lts b'lgofdf /dfPsf] dfG5]sf] t s'/} 5f]l8lbg';\, tkfO{+n] ;+;f/ Toflu;s]sf] hf]uLdf
klg kL8f / dfgl;s oftgf e]§fpg' x'G5 . vf]Hg ;Sg'k5{ –tkfO{+n] Tof] e]§fP/} 5f]8\g' x'G5 .
tkfO{+ t afa}, pQ/L w|'aaf6 l;w} blIf0fL w|'jdf clg blIf0fL w|'aaf6 7f8} pQ/L w|'jdf kf]
k'Ug'x'G5 . aLrdf pleg l;Sg';\ . b'Mv kfpg' xf]nf . d}n] s;/L To;f] eg]+ / < xfdL b'Mv} b'Mvdf
k'l/Psf 5f}+ eg]/ tkfO{+n] s;/L cg'dfg ug'{eof] < xfdL cToGt} ;'vdf 5f}+ . t/ Tof] ;'v, b'Mvaf6
cnu 5}g . tkfO{+ gª / df;'nfO{ cnu cnu /flv/xg ;Sg'x'G5 < ;Sg'x'Gg . cfkm"nfO{ rsf]{ lk8f
lbP/, xft of uf]8fnfO{ /utkR5]n t'NofP/ tkfO{+n] PskN6 gª pv]n]/ km\ofSg' eof] eg] klg s]xL
lbgd} cf}+nf 9fSb} emg 7"nf] gª df;'df k]lnP/ cfO/x]sf] x'G5 . tkfO{+n] b'Mv / ;'vnfO{ klg oxL gª
df;'sf] >]0fLdf /fVg' k5{ . b'MvnfO{ hLjgaf6 5'6fp5' eGg' / gªnfO{ ;bfsf nflu cf}+nfaf6 5'6fp+5'
eGg' Pp6} s'/f xf] . tkfO{+ vfln Pp6} cj:yfdf dfq gªnfO{ cf}+nfaf6 5'6fpg ;Sg' x'G5 . Tof]
cj:yf xf] – cf}+nfsf] d[To' . cyf{t\, cf}+nf sf6]/ ldNsfpg';\, tkfO{+n] gªnfO{ ;lhn} kmflNbg
;Sg''x'G5 . xf], b'MvnfO{ hLjgaf6 cnu ug'{5 eg] tkfO{+n] cfˆgf] hLjgnfO{ klg To;/L g} sf6]/
km\ofSg' k5{ . ;Sg' x'G5 To;f] ug{ < ;Sg'x'Gg . To;}n] cab]lv tkfO{+ b'vL x'g'x'G5 ls x'g'x'Gg eg]/
s;};Fu g;f]Wg';\ . b'Mv, x/]s dflg;sf] sfFwdf ysfO df/]/ al;/x]sf] x'G5 . ;'v;Fu lhl:s+b} Tof]
rsrs ul//x]sf] x'G5 .
uGygdf d t bfz{lgs kf] e}5' . dfkm ug'{xf]nf . tkfO{+n] k|;Ë} To:tf] pSsfOlbg' eof] . of]
b'Mv / ;'vnfO{ oxL+ 5f]8f}+ . tkfO{+ 5f]6s/Ldf olQ n]Vg';\ – gofF ztfAbLsL of] ;'lDgdf cfˆgf]
kfl/jfl/s hLjg;Fu cToGt} ;Gt'i6 5 .
lsg < o;df cK7\of/f] dfGg' kg]{ s'/} s] 5 / < hLjgnfO{ ;a} 9Ëaf6 a]xf]g'{ k5{ / hLjgdf
hlt ;lsG5 Tolt w]/} s'/f l;Sg' k5{ . nfh dfGg]x?n] hLjgaf6 l;Sg ;Sb}gg\ . tkfO{+ ljZjf;
ug'{; of gug'{;\ – d}n] of] ;To tkfO{+nfO{ ;'gfpg} k5{ . tkfO{+x?nfO{ kTof/ gnfUnf . lsgeg]
tkfO{+x?n] Tof] lhGbuL slxNo} a]xf]g'{ ePsf] 5}g . t/ clxn] Tof] lhGbuLaf6 w]/} 6f9f eP klg
Pslbg d}n] Tof] lhGbuL ef]lu;s]sL 5' . To;}n] ddf g lxhf]sf] lhGbuL k|lt s'g} cfu|x 5 g d
To;nfO{ cgfxsdf lt/:sf/ ug{ ;S5' .
tkfO{+n] h:tf] z+sf p7fpg' eof] lg, xfd|f] lhGbuL slxNo} To:tf] /x]g . x]g'{;\, d t cln
cln a]nfOtL lhGbuL b]v]sL s]6L . Pp6f d+uf]n kl/jf/df hlGdPsL clg a]nfOtLx?sf aLrdf
x'ls{PsL s]6Lsf] hLjg / ufpF 3/df Pp6f sd{sf08L kl/jf/df hlGdPsL s]6Lsf] hLjgsf aLrdf
7"nf] leGgtf x'G5 eGg] t tkfO{+ klg dfGg' x'G5 . ;+u} lx+8\bf, ;+u} a:bf, o;f] 5f]OxfNbf xfdLnfO{
s'ts'tL nfUb}g . 7"nf] aGwgdf x'ls{PsL a|fx\d0fLnfO{ s]6fx?;Fu af]Ng ;+sf]r nfUbf] xf] . xfdLnfO{
rnfrn ug{ klg ;+sf]r nfUb}g . o:tf] jftfj/0fdf x'ls{PsL d}n] b]v]sf] ;fdflhs hLjg ;fFRr}
lrtfOg;Sg'sf] sGrg lyof] . xfdL ;fyLx? lyof}+ . /ft /fte/ ;+u} lx+8\Yof}+ . a]nfdf}sfdf s]6f /
s]6Lx? Pp6} dem]/L ;'Tg klg kYof]{ . t/ dlxnf / k'?if aLrsf] ;DaGw eg]sf] xfd|f] hLjgdf bfh' /
alxgLsf] h:t} kljq x'g] uYof]{ . dlxnf / k'?if ;fyLx? aLrsf] c:jLs[t ;fdflhs of}g ;DaGw
eGg] s'/f] xfdL Tolta]nf sNkgf klg ug{ ;Sb}gYof}+ . Tolta]nf s'g} s/sfkn] xfd|f] sNkgf afFlwPsf]
lyPg . xfd|f] r]tgfd} Pp6f blx|nf] kvf{n hlGdGYof] – cdfGo of}g ;DaGwsf ;Gbe{df . To:tf]
;DaGw xfd|f] AolQmut hLjgsf] d[To' xf] h:tf] r]tgfdf xfdL 5kSs} leh]sf x'GYof}+ . To;}n] s]6fs]6L
aLrsf] zf/Ll/s ;DaGw lt/ xfd|f] dg kmls{g} dfGb}gYof] .
tkfO{+n] km]l/ pxL pN6f] s'/f yfNg' eof] . g/fd|f] /lxtsf] /fd|f] tkfO{+n] sxL+ b]Vg'ePsf] 5 <
h'g;'s} jfbndf klg rf+bLsf] 3]/f x'G5 / rGb|dfdf klg bfu x'G5 eGg] tkfO{+n] k9\g' ePsf] 5}g <
5}g eg] k9\g';\ . d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ xfd|f] hLjg z}nL atfPF . dlxnf / k'?if aLrsf] zf/Ll/s ;DaGw,
Tolta]nfsf] xfd|f] hLjgdf ;fgf]ltgf] ck/fw g} dflgGYof] elg;s]+ . t/ To:tf] r]tgfdf klg s]xL
s]xL dflg;x? ck/fw ug{ r'Sb}gy] . Tof] uNtL k|lt kf6L{ cToGt} s7f]/ x'GYof] . To:tf s]6fs]6Lsf]
clanDa lax] u/fOlbg] jf ltgLx?nfO{ Pp6f Pl/ofdf aGbL h:tf] agfP/ sfddf nufpg] cyjf
ltgLx?nfO{ kf6L{af6} lgsfnL lbg];Ddsf ;hfoFx? kf6L{df x'Gy] . d :jo+n] To:tf] 36gf b]v]sL 5' .
d}n] sfd u/]sf] Onfsfd} Ps hgf dfly To:tf] sf/afxL ePsf] 5 . d}n] lrg]sf kfFr ;o dlxnf /
k'?if ;fyLx?sf] aLrdf Pp6f hf]8L To:tf] b'3{6gfdf k/]sf] 5 . To;}n] clxn] klg d eG5', d}n] lxhf]
h'g kf6L{df sfd u/]sf] lyPF – dlxnf k'?if aLrsf] ;DaGwdf ltgLx?sf] b[li6sf]0f lxdfnaf6 em/]sf]
kfgL h:t} sGrg lyof] .
 d]/f] ;+3if{
;Dej x'G5 eg] d ;fyLx?nfO{ laafx gug]{ ;Nnfx lbG5' .
xf]Og, xf]Og, cfkm"n] ;'v v]k]/ c?nfO{ Tof] ;'vaf6 alGrt ug]{ of] s'g} :jfyL{ ;Nnfx xf]Og
. laafx cfkm}+df g b'Mv xf], g t ;'v g} . laafxnfO{ h:tf] agfpg rfxg' x'G5, Tof] To:t} x'G5 .
laafx lrof xf] / hLjg lunf; xf] . tkfO{+ lrofnfO{ /fd|f] lunf;df xfn]/ dgsf] cfgGbdf /dfpb}
lrofsf] :jfb lnO/xg klg ;Sg'x'G5 cyjf lunf;sf] kmf]xf]/ gwf]O{ lrof vGofP/ lrof / lunf;
b'a}nfO{ /5\ofgdf ldNsfpg klg ;Sg'x'G5 . a}aflxs hLjgsf] dfGotf o:t} eP klg t/ dnfO{
nfU5 – laafx eGbf cufl8 dfG5] cfkm}+df ;Dk"0f{ x'G5 / laafxn] Tof] k"0f{tfnfO{ ljeflht t'Nofp+5 .
x'gt, xfd|f cleefjsx?, laafx kl5sf] hLjgnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ dfGg' x'G5 – t/ lsg lsg d]/f] dg Psd}
k"0f{tf b]V5 . laafx eGbf cufl8 tkfO{+ x/ If]qdf :jtGq x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+ cfˆgf] OR5f cg';f/ afFRg
kfpg' x'G5 . lx+88'n ug{ kfpg' x'G5 . tkfO{+;Fu Pp6f kfl/jfl/s aGwg x'G5 . t/ To;nfO{ tkfO{+|
a]jf:tf ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 / cfˆgf] hLjgdf kl/jf/nfO{ afFWg ;Sg'x'G5 .
t/ laafx kl5sf] aGwgnfO{ tkfO{+ a]jf:tf ug}{ ;Sg'x'Gg . To;nfO{ a]jf:tf ug]{ lalQs} Tof]
hfkfgL l;;f em'l/{P h;/L r/\ofdr'?d x'G5 . tkfO{+sf] hLjg cy{xLg x'G5 . To;}n] laafxsf] cy{
ulxl/P/ vf]Hg yfNg'eof] eg], laafxsf] nuQ}b]lv, tkfO{+ PSnf]df ck"0f{ b]lvg' x'G5 . laafxsf]
v'lzofnL ;Fu} tkfO{+sf] hLjg afFl8G5 . tkfO{sf OR5fx? afFl8G5g\ . tkfO{+sf] Aojxf/ afFl8G5 .
tkfO{+sf] lhDd]af/L afFl8G5 . tkfO{+nfO{ s:g] aGwgx? rf/}lt/ 5l/G5g\ . tkfO{+n] cfkm\g} dg;Fu
;Demf}tf u/]/ To;nfO{ b'O6f agfpg' kg]{ x'G5.
laafx ;Demf}tf xf] / s'g} klg lsl;dsf] ;Demf}tf hLjgsf] ;Gbe{df ;a}eGbf cK7\of/f] If0f
xf] . ;Demf}tf eg]sf] tkfO{+sf] kfOnfnfO{ t/af/sf] wf/df grfpg' h:t} xf] . clnslt /8\lsof] ls
vQd Û
laafx, b'vfO/x'+ h:tf] nfUg] ld7f] kL8f ;lxtsf] ;Demf}tf xf] . To;}n] Tof] dg k/fP/ af]lsg]
ef/L xf] .
d]/f] cleJolQm lg/fzf xf]Og . d tkfO{+nfO{ eg'+ < d]/f] AolQmut cg'ej ;'Gg'x'G5 < laafx
cl3 d Psbd} :jtGq p8fgdf sfjf vfO/x]sL r/L lyPF . d]/f af / cfdfx?, d]/f bfh'efO /
lbbLalxgLx? ;a} lyP – t/ klg d :jR5Gb lyPF . :jtGq lyPF . cfkm"nfO{ OR5f gnfu]sf] s'/f]nfO{
d ;lhn} lt/:sf/ ug{ ;Sy]+ . d}n] u/]+ . d]/f] kl/jf/ lyof] – t/ d}n] ha/h:tLsf] laafxnfO{
lt/:sf/ u/]+ . Tof] lt/:sf/ kl5 klg d kl/jf/s} eO/x]+ . t/ laafxkl5 cfˆgf] kl/jf/;Fusf]
laR5]bsf] sNkgf ug'{;\ t Û tkfO{+ leq ;+j]bgf 5 eg], laR5]bsf] sNkgfn] dfq klg tkfO{+ y/y/\tL
sfDg yfNg' x'G5 .
Tof] hLjg kf/ u/]/ cfPsL d}, olta]nf cfkm"n] rfx] h:tf] ug{ ;lSbg . d cfˆgf]
>LdfgnfO{ c;fWo} dfof u5'{ . To;} x'gfn] d s]xL ug{ ;lSbg . d}n] cfkm" eGbf cufl8 pxfFnfO{
b]Vg'k5{ . xf]Og, xf]Og, b]Vg' k5{ eg]/ pxfFn] s/ nufPsf] xf]Og . d To;} pxfFnfO{ klxnf] b]Vg k'U5' .
laxfg p7\g] lalQs} lrofsf] ?rL ;Dembf d pxfFnfO{ g} ;DemG5' . vfgf vfg] a]nfdf pxfFnfO{ s] dg
k5{ eg]/ d]/f] dg slNkg yflnxfN5 . pxfFnfO{ s:tf] 7fpFdf hfg dg nfU5 eg]/ d} klxn] ;f]R5' .
a]n'sf 3'Dg pxfFnfO{ dg k5{ ls kb}{g eg]/ d} ;f]R5' . o:tf] lsg x'G5 < lsgeg] d pxfF e};s]sL 5'
. / oxL x'g' g} k/tGqtfsf] gr'+l8g] aGwg xf] .
 pxfFn] s] ;f]Rg' x'G5 < Tof] d s;/L eGg ;S5' / < x'g;S5, pxfF klg d} h;/L ;f]Rg' xf];\ .
cyjf x'g;S5, pxfFnfO{ d sf] cl:tTj–jf]w g} ge}/x]sf] xf];\ . cx+, d ;f]Wg rfxGg . o:tf] s'/f]
;f]Wg} x'+b}g . tL t pkGof;sf s'/f x'g\ . ltdL dnfO{ slQ k|]d u5f}{ < ltdL dnfO{ dfof ub}{gf} <
ltdL dnfO{ s:tf] ;f8L NofOlbG5f} < ltdL dnfO{ s:tf] uxgf lsgL lbG5f} < o:tf k|Zgx? klg
hLjgdf ;f]lwG5g\ / < dnfO{ t, ;f]lwG5g\ h:tf] nfUb}g . o:tf k|Zgx? ;f]lw/xg] km';{b dfG5]n]
s;/L kfp5 < jf:tljs hLjgdf o:tf s'/fx? ;f]Wg / uGygdf nflu/xg gEofOg] x'gfn] g}
dflg;x? pkGof;df ltgsf] lrq sf]g]{ u5{g\ .
xf]Og, xf]Og . d}n] c?sf] 7]Ssf lnPsL klg xf]Og . d}n] cfkm\g} 7]Ssf lnPsL x'+ / clnslt
d}n] cfˆgf] >Ldfgsf] klg 7]Ssf lnPsL x'+ . xfd|f] kl/ron] aL; jif{sf] cfo' kf/ u¥of] . xfd|f] laafx
ePsf] klg c7f/ jif{ e};Sof] . t/ xfdLn] slxNo} o;/L Ps csf{nfO{ k|]d u5f}{ ls ub}{gf} eg]/ ;f]Wg
EofPsf 5}gf}+ . k|]d ;f]w]/ ul/g] sd{sf08 jf nkSs 6fFl;g] ud xf] / < Tof] t cg'e"lt xf] / dgn]
k|]dsf] cg'e"lt ub}{g eg] hlt ;f]w] klg k|]dsf] /fkn] dgnfO{ ttfpg ;Sb}g . k|]d tkfO{sf] cf]7sf]
;+lut klg xf]Og, To;nfO{ dgn] l/emfpg ;Sg' ePg eg] Tof] slxNo} ;'dw'/ w'gdf ;d]l6P/ dg
aflx/sf] cGtl/Ifdf k|aflxt x'+b}g .
7Ls} eGg'ef] . ca Tot} nfuf}+ . kfl/jfl/s hLjgnfO{ ;dosf] ult;Fu} aUg lbof}+ eg] xfdL
sf]xL bfz{lgs e}/xg' kb}{g . ;xh dfGotfsf cfwf/df bz{gnfO{ xfdL hLjgsf] cy{;Fu 3f]Ng ;Sg]5f}+
. olt x'+bf x'+b} klg d]/f] of] dfGotf n]Vg rflx+ gla;{g' xf]nf . kfl/jfl/s aGwgdf k6Ss} afFlwg'
gk/]sL, a'xft{g eGg] zJb ;d]t g;'g]sL, cfˆgf] >Ldfg4f/f wfuf]sf] aGwgdf ;d]t gafFlwPsL,
cfkm}+df ;a} lx;fan] :jtGq of] ;'lDgdf, cfkm\gf ;a} ;fyLefO{nfO{ laafxsf] aGwgdf gafFlwg
;Nnfx lbG5] .
ca lxhf]s} ljifonfO{ l6kf}+ .
d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ cl3 g} eg]+ – d}n] b'O jif{ e"ldut / k]z]j/ /fhgLlts sfo{stf{sf] hLjg
latfPF . d]/f] >Ldfgn] lhNnfsf ;fyLx?nfO{ d]/f] kl/jf/;Fu k'gld{ng u/fpg] lgb]{zg lbg' ePkl5
kl/jf/ / d]/f] ;DaGw cToGt} xflb{s eof] . s]xL ;dokl5 d]/f] afn], æ;do / kl/l:yltn] ;fy lbG5
eg] cfˆgf] k9fOnfO{ cl3 a9fpb} /fhgLlt u/\Æ eg]/ dnfO{ ;Demfpg' eof] . Tolta]nf;Dd d]/f]
>Ldfg / d k|]d ug{ yfln;s]sf lyof}+ / pxfF d]/f] u'?, k]|]dL, ;fyL / cflTdo ;a} e};Sg' ePsf] lyof]
. d}n] pxfFnfO{ afsf] k|:tfa ;'gfPF . pxfFn] ufx|f] dfGg'eof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof], æklxn] eP d tkfO{+sf]
k|:tfj ;xif{ :jLsf/ ug]{ lyPF . Tolta]nf d]/f] Tof] lg0f{o, v'nf cfGbf]ngsf] sfddf Pshgf of]Uo
sfo{stf{ k7fpg' x'GYof] . t/ clxn], ;fyLx?n] tkfO{+ / d]/f] aLrsf] ;DaGw yfxf kfO;s]sf] ;Gbe{df,
tkfO{+nfO{ k9\g k7fpg' d]/f] :jfy{ h:tf] dflgG5 . To;}n] d clxn] tkfO{+nfO{ k9\g hfg] ;Nnfx lbg
;lSbg .Æ
pxfFn] k9\g hfg lbg' ePg eg]/ dnfO{ cK7\of/f] nfu]g . t/ pxfFsf] s'/f] ;'g]/ d 5Ss k/]+ .
d}n] k9\g hfg' ;xL xf] eg], pxfFn] 8/ dfGg' kg]{ sf/0f s;/L hlGdG5 < d}n] cfkm}+;Fu k6s k6s
k|Zg u/]+ . cx+, To;sf] pQ/ d}n] sxL+ kfOg . cflv/ d}n] pxfF;Fu} of] k|Zg /fv]+ .
æ;To, h] b]lvG5 Tof] dfq x'+b}g clg Psk6ssf] ;To ;w}+el/ ;To g} /lx/x+b}g . ;To,
kl/l:ylt;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . To;}n] zf:jt ;To eGg] s]xL x'+b}g . tkfO{+n] k9\g' /fd|f] xf] . Pp6f
kf6L{sf] sfo{stf{sf] gftfn] d of] :jLsf/ u5'{ . tkfO{+nfO{ k9\g k7fpbf kf6L{n] v'nf If]qsf] sfddf
Pshgf /fd|f] ;fyL kfp5 . t/ d g]tf x'g] lalQs} / tkfO{+;Fu ;DalGwt x'g] lalQs} oxL ;To
plN6G5 . To:tf] cj:yfdf oxfF d]/f] :jfy{ uGxfPsf] cfef; x'G5 . o:tf] l:yltdf d tkfO{+nfO{ k9g
hfg';\ eGg ;lSbg .Æ
pxfFn] gsf/sf] hjfkm lbPkl5 d}n] k9\g hfG5' elg/xg' plrt lyPg . ca k9fO ;9fOnfO{
df/\ uf]nL, eGb} d sfddf hf]ltPF . d}n] af / cfdfnfO{ d]/f] k9fOsf] lrGtf gug'{ eg]/ va/ klg
k7fPF .
t/ To;} aLrdf lalrqsf] 36gf 36\of] . kf6L{n] aLrdf k9fO /f]lsPsf t/ k9\g] OR5f
/lx/x]sf lhNnf tx eGbf tn sfd ul//x]sf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ k9fO k'/f ug{ lbg] lg0f{o u/]5 . Tof]
lg0f{o d]/} nflu eof] eGg] clxn]sf] d]/f] egfO xf]Og . d h:tf y'k|} sfo{stf{sf] OR5f a'em]/ g}
kf6L{n] Tof] lg0f{o u¥of] xf]nf . t/ Tolta]nf Tof] lg0f{o dnfO{ g} x]/]/ eof] h:tf] d}n] ;f]r]+ .
xf]Og, xf]Og, dnfO{ To:tf] nfUb}g . d]/f] >Ldfgn] g]tfx?nfO{ k|efljt u/]/ o:tf] lg0f{o
u/fpg' eof] xf]nf eGg] sNkg} d ug{ ;lSbg . xfd|f] k+lQmdf of] Pp6f ;d:o} lyof] . d eGbf
cufl8sf vf; vf; sfnv08df k9fOnfO{ aLr}df 5f]8]/ /fhgLltdf xf]ldPsf sfo{stf{x?sf] Pp6f
pNn]vgLo ;+Vof, )#^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ngkl5 cw'/f] /x]sf] k9fO t ;Sg'k5{ eGg] 6'Ëf]df cfkm}+ k'u]sf]
lyof] . kf6L{ leq cfO= P= cw'/f] /x]sf, aL= P= cw'/f] /x]sf bh{gf}+ sfo{stf{x? lyP . sltko t P;=
Pn= ;L = g} cw'/f] /x]sfx? klg lyP . ltgLx?n] of] jf Tof] sf]0faf6 kf6L{df cfkm\gf] rfxgf k7fP/
gofF lg0f{osf] 9f]sf vf]Ng k|]l/t u/]sf] x'g;S5 .
tkfO{+n] 7Ls} eGg'ef] – )#^ ;fnkl5 ljBfyL{ If]qdf b]vfk/]sf] /fhgLlts ultljlwn] klg
JolQmnfO{ k9\g'k5{ eGg] 6'Ëf]df k'/\ofPsf] x'g;S5 . Tolta]nfsf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf gfd, k|lti7f,
OHht, /fhgLlt ;a} lyof] lg Û To;n] dfG5]sf] dgnfO{ nf]EofPsf] klg x'g;S5 . cyjf, xfdL h:tf
sfo{stf{x?df r]tgfsf] gofF lIflth p3fl/Ps} klg x'g;S5 . sf/0f c? g} s]xL x'g;S5 – d]/f]
>Ldfgsf] :jfy{ rflx+ x'g;Sb}g . xfdLn] hfg];Dd Pp6f JolQmsf] OR5f kf6L{sf] of]hgf x'g] s'g}
cfwf/ ToxfF leq ag]s} lyPg .
nf} d}n] a]sf/df lsg pxfFnfO{ hf]ufpg' k/\of] Û sf]xL klg hf]lug] jf ghf]lug] eg]sf] cfkm\g}
sd{sf sf/0f xf] . xfdL t 6]sf] dfq x'g;S5f}+ . c?n] hf]ufOlbP/ ;+;f/df sf]xL hf]lub}g . dfG5]nfO{
To:tf] nfu]sf] dfq xf] . sd{af6 k[ys /x]sf]nfO{ tkfO{+ s;/L hf]ufpg ;Sg' x'G5 / <
of] ugygnfO{ klg 5f]l8lbg';\ . xfdLn] Pp6f gofF lg0f{o kfPsf lyof}+ / d}n] lhNnfsf
g]tfx?;Fu cfkm" k9\g hfg] cfu|x /fv]+ . lhNnfn] dnfO{ k9\g 5'§L lbg] eof] . b'O{ jif{sf nflu d}n]
5'§L kfPF . b'O{ jif{kl5sf] kl/l:yltn] gofF lg0f{o u/fp+5 eg]/ ;fyLx?n] dnfO{ cfZj:t kfg'{eof] . d
ufpF 5f]8]/ hf+b}5' eGg] ;lDembf ;fyLx? lvGg x'g'x'GYof] . :jo+ d} klg gld7f] dflg/x]sL lyPF .
slxn]sfxL+ PsfGtdf d eSsflgGy]+ . cfkm\g} e};s]sf o:tf ;fyLx? d km]l/ sxfF kfp+nf eg]/ dgdg}
cQflnGy]+ . ;fx|} dg lkl/g yfn]kl5 b'O{ jif{kl5 t e]6 e}xfN5 lg eg]/ d cfkm"nfO{ ;DxfNy]+ .
k9\g hfg' cl3 sfd u/]sf ;a} ufpFsf ;fyLx?;Fu d}n] labf dfu]+ . ;fyLx?n] e]6\b} u/f}+ x}
eg]/ dnfO{ labf lbg' eof] . d la= P= sf] k9fO{ z'? ug{ sf7df08f} cfPF .
sf7df08f} cfPkl5 d]/f] JolQmut hLjg ;+3if{ z'? eof] . sf7df08f} cfPsf] s]xL dlxgfdf
d]/f] laafx eof] . oBlk ljjfxsf] xlgd'g klg xfdLn] dgfpg kfPgf}+ eg]/ d}n] dfly g} elg;s]sL 5'
. tfklg d]/f] dg xlgd'gsf] /dfOnf]df w]/} lbg;Dd /lËO/x\of] . pxfFsf] dfofn' ;DemgfnfO{ c+ufnf]df
afFw]/ d x/]s /ft lgbfpy]+ / g/d :kz{n] d k|To]s laxfgL Ao'+emg] uy]{+ .
laafxkl5 d}n] af cfdfsf] k};fn] k9\g' plrt 7flgg . dnfO{ lsg Tolta]nf To:tf] nfUof]
yfxf 5}g . t/ d}n] c7f]6 u/]+ – d]/f] laafx e};s]sf] 5, d jo:s e};s]sL 5' / o:tf] cj:yfdf d}n]
afa'cfdfsf] sdfO vfg' x'+b}g . d}n] lg0f{o g} u/]+ – ca k9\g] xf] eg] d}n] cfkm\g} v'§fdf pleg' k5{ .
d}n] lsg o:tf] ;f]r]+ < yfxf 5}g . t/ h] eP klg d}n] o:t} ;f]r]+ .
cx+, b'O sf/0fn] Tof] ;Dej lyPg . tkfO{+nfO{ lsg 9fF6\g' < d]/f] >Ldfgsf] 3/ kl/jf/ xfdL
hlt ;DkGg lyPg . Tof] ljkGg lyof] . u/La lyof] . To;}n] d}n] Tof] kl/jf/;Fu vr{ dfUg} x'+b}gYof] .
d]/f] ljj]sn] dfUg} lbb}gYof] . cfkm}+ afFRg wf} wf} kl//x]sf] Tof] kl/jf/;Fu d}n] k};f dfu]/ k9\g] sNkgf
ug'{ klg d]/f nflu ck/fwjf]w x'GYof] .
bf]>f] sf/0f, xfdLn] kfng ug'{kg]{ uf]klgotf lyof] . pxfFsf] kl/jf/df ;/sf/sf] cfFvf
ufl8Psf] lyof] . d klg PskN6 x/fO;s]sL lyPF . To;} x'gfn] xfdL Hoft\ljlQ 3lgi6 x'g' plrt
x'+b}gYof] . xfdLn] Ps csf{nfO{ ;fyL eGbf km/s b]lvg] Jojxf/df afFWg' ;'/Iffsf] lx;fan] ;xL
x'+b}gYof] . To;}n] d}n] cfˆgf] k9fO / cfˆgf] hLljsfsf] ;Gbe{df d]/f] >Ldfgsf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;lDemg'
kg]{ 7fpF e]l6g .
d sfdsf] vf]hLdf nfu]+ . t/ sfd, d cfOlbp+nf eg]/ klv{P/ al;/x]sf] lyPg .
 d}n] 3/df k};f gk7fpg' eg]/ va/ k7fPF . afcfdfsf] dg dfg]g . pxfFx?n] k};fsf] ;f6f]
bfn, rfdn k7fpg yfNg'eof] . d}n] Tof] klg kb}{g eg]+ . pxfFx?n] k7fpg] qmd 36fpg' eof] .
t/ d]/f] of] jL/tfn] dnfO{ ntfg{ yfNof] . k};fsf] cefjn] dnfO{+ ufFHg yfNof] . klxn]f 5
dxLgfdf d}n] cfkm\gf ;'gsf uxgf a]r]/ hLjg rnfPF . cx+, hfuL/ kfOPsf] xf]Og . tkfO{+ clxn]
dnfO{ x]bf{ kTofpg klg ;Sg'x'Gg . t/ d}n] Tof] kTofpg} g;Sg] sfd klg u/]+ . sNkgf ug{ ;Sg'
x'G5 < cx+ ;Sg'x'Gg . Pslbg d}n] OGb|rf]sdf uP/ cfˆgf] Pp6f dx+uf] ;f8L a]r]/ dxLgf wfGg] k};f
NofPF .
;f8L a]rs ] f] /ft d a]:;/L cflQPF . d}n] sf7df08f}sf] k9fO 5f]8]/ ufpF hfg], st} df:6/L
ug]{, >LdfgnfO{ /fhgLltdf ;3fpg] / cfkm"n] hLljsf]kfh{gsf] pkfo lgsfNg] sNkgf u/]+ . t/ hLjg
sNkgf hlt ;lhnf] lyPg . Tolta]nf d ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf] c+rn:t/Lo sld6Ldf lyPF . kf6L{n] daf6
sfdsf] ck]Iff /fv]sf] lyof] . ;fyLx? d]/f] km/fl;nf]kg, cfTdljZjf; / cfF6af6 k|efljt x'g'x'GYof] .
To:tf] l:yltdf d em/]sf] sf+qmf] h;/L r6Ss r'+l8P/ lx+8\g sxfF ;Sy]+ / <
x'g;S5, nfvf}+ dflg;x? d]/f] eGbf r/d b}Go ef]u]/ hLjg afFlr/x]sf xf]pg\ . ;a}nfO{
cfkm\g} u/LaL ux'|Ëf] nfU5 . lbg, ;w}+, uxel/ cfFz' af]s]sf] ;fFem h:tf] x'G5 . tkfO{+ eL8df klg
PSnf] x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+ leqsf] lk/f]nf] g s;}nfO{ ;'gfpg ;Sg'x'G5, g To;sf] b'vfO ;x]/ tkfO{+
r'krfk pleg ;Sg'x'G5 . To;}n] x/]s dgn] cfkm" dfly 3f]lK6Psf] u/LaLsf] v8\s'+nf]nfO{ g} a|x\df08
b]V5 / ;+;f/df cfkm" hlt b'MvL c? sf]xL 5}gg\ eG7fG5 .
hLjgsf] Pp6f vf; 38Ldf d}n] Tof] oftgf ef]u]sL 5' . kL8f v]k]sL 5' . ;fyLx? y'k|}
x'g'x'GYof] . t/ d pxfFx?;Fu b'Mv af+8\g ;lSbgy]+ . d]/L Pp6L ;fyL lyO . d h:t} nfx'/]sL 5f]/L .
d}n] p;}nfO{ cGt/Ë agfpg rfx]+ . p;}nfO{ d}n] cfkm\gf] Joyf ;'gfPF . d}n] s;/L 6'qmf 6'qmf ub}{
cfkm\gf uxgfx? l;WofPF eg]/ d}n] p;nfO{ ;'gfPF . cem d}n] OGb|rf]sdf ;f8L a]r]sf] s'/f] ;'g]kl5 t
Tof] 5f+ufaf6 v;L . To;n] w]/}a]/;Dd d]/f] ;To kTofpg} ;lsg . kTofpg dflgg eGbf cem 7Ls
xf]nf ls Û
cfˆgf] dgsf] 9f]sf c?sf nflu vf]ln+bf ;aeGbf gld7f] nfUbf] /x]5 . ;fyLn] dnfO{ a]:;/L
ufnL u/L . æltd|f af cfdfx? d/]sf lyP < ltd|f efOx? ;lsPsf lyP < xfdL ;a} ;dfKt ePsf
lyof}+ <Æ p;n] /Gylgb} dnfO{ xsf/L . æxf]nf, ltd|f] :jfledfg xf]nf . ltd|f] cfTd;Ddfg xf]nf . t/
tL ;a} ltd|f cledfgsf /Ëx? dfq x'g\ . tL ltd|f cx+sf/sf bfux? dfq x'g\ . dfG5] gx'g'sf
;+:sf/ x'g\ . lhGbuL PSnf] x'+b}g eGg] a'em]/ klg ltdLn] cfkm"nfO{ PSNofpg' eg]sf] ltd|f 3d08sf
6f6fx? x'g\ .Æ
;fyLsf] ufnLn] dnfO{ Psl5gsf nflu w/ftndf cf]/fNof] . x'g;S5, d} leqsf] cx+sf/n]
dnfO{ ;f/L a]Rg] 7fpFdf k'/\ofof] xf]nf . To;}n] d}n] PskN6 3/ hfg] dg agfPF . cfˆgf]
cfTdljZjf; 6'6]sf] x'gfn] 3/n] dnfO{ k9fpg km]l/ vr{ lbg'kg]{ cfu|x ug]{ dg agfPF . d em08}
lx+8]sL klg lyPF . t/ clGtd 38Ldf d]/f kfOnf /f]lsP . rfdn k7fpbf ;d]t rflxGg eGg] d, rf/
dxLgf laTbf glaTb} km]l/ k};f dfUg hfFbf d]/f afcfdfn] To;nfO{ s;/L lng' xf]nf < cyjf, cfdf
afx?n] d]/f] >LdfgnfO{ lxofpg' kf] xf]nf ls Û cyjf efOx?n] km]l/ s]xL elg xfNg] kf] x'g\ eGg]
h:tf 8Ë'/ k|Zg / cTofx6sf nfK;fx?n] dnfO{ lsr] . ltgn] dnfO{ g/fd|/L lryf]/] . pl7;s]sf d]/f
uf]8fx?nfO{ d}n] vDaf h;/L c8\ofPF . …xf];\, a? d]/f] cx+sf/n] dnfO{ l;Wofcf];\, t/ d 3/ hfGg,Ú
d}n] dgdg} c7f]6 u/]+ .
slxn]sfxL+ cgf}7f] ;Ghf]u km'5{ . Tof] e'+j/Lleq To:t} eof] . d]/L ToxL ;+uLsf] d2tn] d}n]
3/]n' ljefudf c:yfoL ;/sf/L hfuL/ kfPF . glrtfPsf] 9Ën] d]/f] Hofg hf]luof] .
Tof] d]/f] klxnf] ;/sf/L hflu/ lyof] . d lrghfgsf] dGqLsf] ;f];{af6 hflu/ vfg k'u]sL
lyPF / sfof{nodf d]/f] babaf klg lyof] . xflsdn] dnfO{ /fhgLltsL ljBfyL{ eg]/ lrGy] . t/
dGqLsf] kmf]gaf6 hflu/ vfg k'u]sL x'gfn] pgL d;Fu plQs} 8/fpFy] klg . To;}n] Tof] hflu/ d]/f]
sfddf 7"nf] ;xof]uL eof] .
 t/ d}n] 3/]n' ljefudf jif{ lbg klg hflu/ vfg kfOg . d}n] sfd ug{ yfn]sf] To:t} kfFr
dlxgf ePsf] lyof] h:tf] nfU5 . cs:dft dGqLd08n k'gu{7g eof] . dnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ dGqLsf]
hflu/ km'l:sof] . To;sf] xKtf lbgdf sfof{no k|d'vn] ld7} d'vn] Tof] ;fgf] hflu/af6 dnfO{ klg
labf lbP .
Tof] hflu/ 5'6\g] s'/f] d]/f] nflu slt si6bfos lyof] eg]/ clxn] tkfO{+ cg'dfg klg ug{
;Sg'x'Gg . dnfO{ Tolta]nf nfUg dfq yfn]sf] lyof], …ca ;fF3'/} xfntdf eP klg d]/f] hLjg
Jojl:yt x'g yfNg]5 . d cfkm\gf] k9fOnfO{ k'/f ug{]5' . jif{sf] Ps}hf]/ n'ufdf eP klg d d]/f]
>LdfgnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg] ePsL 5' .Ú
dgsf hkgfx? w]/} lyP . tL ;a} r'Fl8P . d km]l/ cFWof/f] leq kmgkmgL 3'ld/x]sf] csf]{
e'+j/Ldf v;]+ . e'+j/Ldf nk]l6+bf nk]l6+b} d}n] c7f]6 u/]+ – ca o:tf] l;kmfl/;sf] hflu/} vfGg .
b'O{ dlxgf d]/f] hLjg km]l/ lahf]ssf yk]8fx?af6 s'l6of] . ca em08} em08} d]/f] /Gylgg]
a]nf cfO;s]sf] lyof] . 7Ls ToxLa]nf d}n] csf]{ hflu/ e]§fPF .
d}n] vfPsf] bf]>f] hflu/ :s"nsf] df:6/L lyof] . s]xL dg ldn]sf ;fyLx?n] Pp6f af]l8{Ë
:s"n vf]Ng' ePsf] lyof] / d :s"nsL /fd|L lzlIfsf dWosL Pp6L lyPF . :s"nsf ;+rfnsx?n] dnfO{+
bflh{lnËsL ld; agfOlbg' ePsf] lyof] . bflh{lnËaf6 NofPkl5 h:tf lzlIfsfx? klg hfGg] x'G5g\
eGg] e|d 5 lg zx/df Û xf], ToxL e|dn] dnfO{ Tof] :s"nsL bflh{lnË] ld; agfOlbPsf] lyof] . z'?df
dnfO{, Tof] :s"n d]/f] :yfoL hflu/sf] 3/ x'g]5 h:tf] nfu]sf] lyof] . ;+rfnsx? ;xsfl/tf,
;fd"lxstf, ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfgtfsf 7"n 7"nf s'/f uy]{ . t/ /x+b} a:bf yfxf eof] – af]l8{Ësf
dflnsx?nfO{ lzlIfsf xf]Og, Pp6L bf;L rflxPsf] /x]5 . pgLx? To:tL bf;Lsf] vf]hLdf /x]5g\ –
hf];Fu cg'xf/, ?k, af]nL dfq xf]Og, rf/0fkg klg kof{Kt x'g'kg]{ /x]5 . d To:tL bf;L x'g ;lsg .
To;}n] d]/f] :jtGqtf, pgLx?sf nflu l;:g' eP5 . d}n] sfof{nonfO{ sfof{no clg cfˆgf] hLjgnfO{
cfkm\g} hLjg agfpg vf]h]sf] s'/f pgLx?sf nflu ;}x\o ePg5 . To;}n] ToxfF klg d w]/} lbg
l6lsg . xf]nf, d}n] ToxfF o:t} kfFr ;ft dlxgf sfd u/]+ x'+nf . tL kfFr ;ft dxLgfdf klg rf/
dxLgf t d}n] cfkm\gf] :jfledfgnfO{ k6s k6s 3fOt] t'NofP/ sfd u/]+ . cefj / u/LaLsf]
/fIf;sf] cfF u/]sf] sfnf] cg'xf/ cfFvf cufl8 ggfr]sf] eP zfob d ToxfF tLg dxLgf eGbf a9L
sfd} ulb{gy]+ x'+nf . d]/} ljj;tfn] d]/f] :jfledfgnfO{ ufFh]/ rf/ dxLgf c? 7]Nof] . t/ d}n] ;xg}
;lsg . cflv/df, d'vn] Pp6f af]Ng] / Aojxf/ cs}{ b]vfpg]x?sf] slxNo} ;+ut ug'{ gk/f];\ eg]/ d
ToxfFaf6 ;bfsf nflu labf ePF .
To;kl5 eg] :s"nsf] lzlIfsf kb g} d]/f] hLjgsf] lgolt aGof] . s]xL ;dosf] lzIf0fn] d]/f]
…bflh{lnËsL ld;Ú sf] kl/ronfO{ w]/} :s"nx?df k'/\ofPsf] lyof] . To;}n] :s"nx?;Fu sfd dfUg d]/f
nflu ;lhnf] klg e}lbof] . Tof] :s"naf6 lgl:sPsf] ef]lnkN6 d}n] c? s]xL :s"nsf k|d'vx?;Fu s'/f
u/]+ / t]>f] lbgd} d}n] csf]{ :s"ndf sfd kfPF . oBlk sfd cToGt} si6sf] lyof] . d]/f] hLjgdf km]l/
Tolt si6bfoL If0f cfpF5 ls cfp+b}g d eGg ;lSbg . zfob cfpb}g xf]nf . clxn] ;lDembf d
cfkm}+nfO{ cgf}7f] nfU5 . Tof] hLjg d}n] s;/L afFr] x'+nf eg]/ d cfkm}+;Fu slxn]sfxL+ 8/fpg] u5'{ .
tkfO{+ ;'Gg'x'G5 < Tolta]nf d laxfg kBsGof SofDk;df k9\y]+ clg lbp;f] 6f]vfsf] :s"ndf k9fpg
hfGy]+ . cyf{t\, d laxfg kfFr ah] p7\y]+ . xftd'v wf]P/ SofDk; hfGy]+ . SofDk;sf] Sofl06gdf gf}
ah] h] e]l6GYof] d ToxL vfGy]+ . To;kl5 hdndf cfP/ a'9flgns07sf] uf8L ;dfpy]+ .
xflQuf}+8f;Dd a;df hfGy]+ . To;kl5 bf}l8+b} 6f]vflt/ xflGgGy]+ . rf/ ah] :s"n 5'6]kl5 nvt/fg
k/]/ d xflQuf}+8f;Dd xlNn+b} xlNn+b} cfOk'Uy]+ . kmls{+bfsf] a;df Tolt eL8 x'+b}gYof] . d l;6df
cfˆgf] HofgnfO{ EofQ km\ofSy]+ . ToxfFaf6 d s;/L sf]7f;Dd cfOk'Uy]+ eGg] slxNo} yfxf kfplbgy]+ .
clxn] ;lDemg t ;lhn} xf]nf – t/ Tolta]nf ef]Ug dnfO{ ;fx|} ufx|f] lyof] . slxn] d sIff
sf]7fdf k9fO/x]sf] a]nf d'5}{ kg{ vf]Hy]+ . slxn] a;af6 cf]ln{g d xf]; kfplbgy]+ . slxn] sf]7fdf
cfP/ k5fl/Pkl5 laxfgsf] 38L, rls{P/ cnfd{df s/fpg yfn]kl5 dfq} d]/f] r]t v'NYof] .
cxf] Û d]/f] hLjgn] To:tf] lbg klg ef]Uof] Û
 Tof] b'MvnfO{ olta]nf t vfln ;lDemg] g xf] . t/ Tolta]nfsf] hLjglt/ kmls{P/ x]bf{ dnfO{
nfU5 – u/LaL l;h{gfsf] vfgL xf] . ;s[otfsf] gbL xf] . Tolta]nf u/LaLn] dnfO{ gkf]n]sf] eP / af
cfdfn] lbPsf] k};fn] d leq ;Gtf]s hGdfOlbPsf] eP, d cfh of] :yfgdf cfpy]+ eg]/ sNkgf klg
ug{ ;lSbg . To;}n] tL lk8fbfoL /ftx?;Fu vfnL c+Wof/f]kg dfq 5}g, ToxfF afbnsf] 5]pdf 6fFl;g]
pHofnf] rf+bLsf] 3]/f klg ;d]l6Psf] 5 . d}n] To;kl5sf] hLjgsf ;'Gb/tfsf] lrqsf/L ToxL si6s/
>dsf w;f{x?n] s]f/]sL lyPF . clxn] klg d}n] cfˆgf] b'MvnfO{ h:tfsf] t:t} ptf/]sL dfq x'+ . of]
cGt'af6 b]lvg], dgel/ cfzf ;+ufn]/ x]l//x'+ h:tf] nfUg] cw{/fqL kl5sf] /ftf] ;"o{ xf] .
tkfO{+n] >LcGt'af6 dWo/ft kl5sf] ;"o{ x]g'{ePsf] 5 < 5}g < x]g'{xf]nf . Tof] t :juL{o
cfgGb xf] .
of] ;"of]{bosf] rrf{ kl5 u/f}+nf . clxn] tkfO{+sf k|Zgx?lt/} dg 8f]nfpF .
d}n] oxL b'Mvsf aLrdf la= P= sf] hfFr lbPF . la= P= ;lsPkl5 d}n] zx/sf] :s"nd}
lzlIfsfsf] hflu/ kfPF . klxn]sf] hflu/ eGbf of] ;lhnf] lyof] / /fd|f] klg lyof] . k};f klg clns
a9L g} cfpYof] . d]/f af / cfdfsf] ljj]s, c? s'g} klg af cfdfsf] eGbf a9L lyof] eGg] dnfO{
nfU5 . t/ of] s;};Fusf] t'ngf xf]Og, d]/f] cfˆgf] nufO dfq xf] . d 3/;Fu s]xL dflUbgy]+, t/
Tolta]nf pxfFx? s'g} g s'g} lgx'+ kf/]/ sf7df08f} cfO/xg' x'GYof] / sf7df08f} cfpbf pxfFx?;Fu
bfn, rfdn, t]n, l3p / oxfF;Dd ls a];f/ klg cfOk'UYof] . afn] efOx?nfO{ d]/f] cj:yfsf af/]df
s]xL n]Vg'ePsf] lyof] xf]nf . To;}n] efOx?n], cf};/ k¥of] ls ;f8Lx? k7fO lbGy] . cfkm" cfpbf
cf7cfgf jf Ps tf]nfsf] ;'gsf] uxgf NofOlbGy] . Toltdfq xf]Og, af, kl/jf/sf hf]sf]xLnfO{ klg,
xfd|f] vnsdf la= P= kf; ug]{ klxnL 5f]/L eg]/ d]/f] kl/ro lbg'x'GYof] / eGg'x'GYof], æo;nfO{ Pd=
P= k9\g xfdL ;a}n] ;3fpg' k5{ . xfd|L 5f]/L Pd= P= k9]sL b]jfgsL klxnL 5f]/L x'g]5 .Æ afsf] of]
cfu|xsf sf/0f klg d]/f] l;Ëf] kl/jf/ cK7\of/f]df dnfO{ ;3fpg cft'/ e]l6GYof] .
t/ d cfkm}+ Tof] ;xof]udf /dfpg ;lSbgy]+ . To;n] dnfO{ a]nf a]nfdf lk/f]NYof] . dnfO{
To;n] xNnfpYof] . æs] d]/f] hLjg oxL ;xof]usf] gf}sf lvofP/ lrlKnO/xg] xf] < d k|foM x/]s ;fFem
cfkm}+nfO{ ;f]Wg] uy]{+ .Æ
d la:tf/} Pp6f gofF ;f]rlt/ nlDsg yfn]+ . d]/f] hLjgsf] cfhsf] df]8 ToxL lzlIfsfsf]
hflu/n] NofOlbPsf] xf] . To;}n] zx/sL Tof] lzlIfsf, kl/jf/sf] /fd|f] ;xof]u kfP/ klg /GylgPsL
;'lDgdf g} cfhsf] d]/f] hLjgsf] Pp6L c;n u'? xf] . Tolta]nf dnfO{ vfg / nfpg ;3fpg] Tof]
:s"n x'+b}gYof] eg] tkfO{+ ;'lDgdfsf] o:tf] syfsf] km]b klg kfpg' x'GgYof] .
l7s} eGg' ef], ca d}n] Pp6f df]8df pleg' k5{ . Tof] df]8 s:tf] lyof] < yfxf 5}g s:tf]
lyof] . tkfO{+n] h:tf] rfxg' x'G5, Tof] To:t} aG5 . To;}n] d}n] a]xf]/]sf] Tof] df]8 tkfO{+sf] n]vgLsf]
;Gtfg xf] .
d}n] sfd ug]{ :s"ndf d h:tf b'O hgf dlxnf ;fyLx? x'g'x'GYof] . b'a} hgfsf >Ldfgx?
kf6L{sf] k]z]j/ sfo{stf{ x'g'x'GYof] / sf7df08f} aflx/ st} vl6/xg' ePsf] lyof] . Ps hgf d h:t}
x'g'x'GYof] . cyf{t\, pxfFsf] klg e/v/ e/v/ lax] ePsf] lyof] . csL{ ;fyLsf] sfvdf Pp6f 6's6's'
lx+8\g] aRrf lyof] / k]z]j/ /fhgLlts sfo{stf{sf] kfl/jfl/s hLjgsf af/]df pxfF xfdL eGbf w]/}
cg'ejL x'g'x'GYof] .
xfdL tLg hgf vfhf vfg] 5'§Ldf dgsf] wf]sf] km]g]{ u/L ukm uYof}+{ . a]nfdf}sfdf xfdL Ps
csf{sf] sf]7fdf hf+b} b'Mv / ;'vsf s'/f ;f6\Yof}+ . lj5f]8sf] p:t} vfnsf] lk8f / eljiosf] p:t}
clglZrt lrGtfn] lk/f]n]sf] x'gfn] k|To]s cl3Nnf] laxfg xfd|f] 3lgi6tf aflSnPsf] x'GYof] . xfdL
tLg} hgf Ps csf{nfO{ h:tfsf] t:t} b]Vg ;Sg] ePsf lyof}+ . To;}n] xfdL dgsf] wf]sf] km'sfP/ aft
dfg]{ ePsf lyof}+ .
æhLjg ;fx|} ufx|f] ef] . b'a} hgf of] cfGbf]ngsf] sfddf nflu/xg ;ls+bf] /x]g5 . xhf/ afx|
;o ?k}ofFsf] df:6/sf] sdfO . pxfFsf] k]z]j/ hLjg . clg cfˆgf] klg ;fFem laxfgsf] a]km';{b .
dnfO{ t ysfO nfUg yfn]sf] 5,Æ Pslbg d h:t} ;fyLn] eGg'eof] .
 æcem tkfO{+sf] ;Gtfg 5}g . ;Gtfg ePkl5 tkfO{+nfO{ of] kL8fn] emg kf]Ng]5 . d]/f] t t}
;f;' ;;'/f b'a} ;dembf/ x'g'x'G5 . ufpFdf pxfFx? cf>obftf x'g'x'G5 . d]/f] ;d:of pxfFx? a'em\g'
x'G5 . t/ h;sf] kl/jf/df ;f;' ;;'/f;Fu /fd|f] ;DaGw 5}g, lar/f To:tf ;fyLx?sf] a]xfnsf] t
sNkg} ug{ g;lsg] x'G5 === .Æ
;fyLx?sf] s'/f ;'Gbf ;'Gb} d cflQP/ eL/af6 v:y]+ . d]/f] g 6]Sg] 7fpF lyof] g ;dfpg]
xfFuf] . d h] lyPF, cfkm\g} v'§fdf lyPF . d]/f] Tof] v'§fnfO{ e/y]u ug]{ s] lyof] <
cx+, s]xL lyPg .
d}n] e/y]usf] cf8 cfkm}+ lgdf{0f ug]{ lg0f{o u/]+ . d}n] >Ldfg;Fu o;sf] cg'dlt dfu]+ eg]+
pxfFn] lbg'x'Gg eGg] dnfO{ yfxf lyof] . pxfFn] km]l/ ToxL :jfy{, ToxL Tofusf] sxfgL xfNg' x'G5 eGg]
klg dnfO{ yfxf lyof] . To;}n] d}n] pxfF hlQs} lhDd]jf/, csf]{ ;fyL;Fu s'/fsfgL ug]{ lg0f{o u/]+ .
d}n] lsg cfkm\g} v'§fdf pleP/ c?nfO{ ;xof]u ug{;Sg] x'g'k5{ eg]/ ;Demfpg] / cfkm\gf] kIfdf
lg0f{o u/fpg] c7f]6 u/]+ .
e"ldut eP klg xfdL To:tf ;fyLx?nfO{ lrGYof}+ . d]/f] bfDkTo hLjgn] dnfO{ Tolt hfGg]
7fpFdf k'/\ofO;s]sf] lyof] . sltko lhDd]af/ g]tfx?, ;xh 9Ën] xfd|f] sf]7fdf cfpg' x'GYof] .
cfkm\gf uf]klgo ;fdfg / ;Dks{sf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg'x'GYof] . sltko lhDd]jf/ ;fyLx? xfd|}
sf]7fdf cfkm\gf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?;Fu e]63f6 klg ug'{x'GYof] . To;}n] xfdLn] e"ldut hLjgsf]
kf/blz{tfnfO{ cfkm"df ;d]6]sf lyof}+ eGbf klg x'G5 .
xf]Og, xf]Og, n'sfpg' kg]{ s] 5 / < t/ h;n] dnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{eof], h;n] dnfO{ 6]jf
lbg'eof], pxfF clxn] of] wtL{df x'g'x'Gg . d]/f] hLjg pxfFsf] rL/ C0fL 5 . c? ;fyLx?n] klg dnfO{
cf8e/f];f lbg' ePsf] 5 . clxn] sfd ul//xg' ePsf ;fyLx?n] dnfO{ k|]l/t ug'{ePsf] 5 . ;xof]u
ug'{ePsf] 5 . t/ d}n] cfˆgf] k|:tfj /fv]sf] ;fyLn] Oltxf;df cfkm"nfO{ zlxbx?sf] cl3Nnf] k+lQmdf
pEofO;Sg' ePsf] 5 . To;}n] xfdL pxfFnfO{ >4fsf ;fy ;Demf}+ – lj1fkgdf kl/eflift gu/f}+ .
Tolta]nf pxfFn] cToGt} v'zL eP/ d]/f] k|:tfj ;sfg'{ ePsf] lyof] . æof] Pp6L dlxnfsf], cfˆgf]
v'§fdf pleg] k|:tfj xf] . of] Pp6L sfo{stf{sf,] kf6L{sf] af]em clnslt eP klg xn'Ëf] kf/f}+ eGg]
cfu|x xf] . of], Pp6f k]z]j/ sfo{stf{sf] kl/jf/sf] cfTdlge{/tf / ;xof]usf] k|:tfj xf] . To;}n]
tkfO{+ cfˆgf] sfddf nfUg'xf];\ / o;df ;kmn x'g'xf]; eg]/ d z'esfdgf lbg rfxG5' .Æ
Tolta]nf pxfFn] eGg'ePsf pT;fxL zAbx? ;bfsf nflu kmnfd] cIf/ eP/ d]/f] dfg;df
6fFl;Psf 5g\ .
æofjf,Æ -af]nLdf zAb e'ml08Psf] x'gfn] d g]tfx?nfO{ klg ofjf eGy]+ . Tolta]nf
af6f3f6fdf klg Tof] Pp6f ;'/lIft zAb lyof] ._ d}n] To;eGbf cufl8 eg]sL lyPF, æAoj;fosf]
yfngL ;Fu} d tkfO{+ ;dIf csf]{ Pp6f k|:tfj /fVg rfxG5' . d cfˆgf] v'§fdf pleg / d]/f]
>LdfgnfO{ 9'Ssn] cfˆgf] sfddf nflu/xg] jftfj/0f agfpg rfxG5' . olt dfq xf]Og, d kf6L{sf
;fyLx?nfO{ klg ;xof]u k'Ug] sfd ug{ rfxG5' . kf6L{sf], v'nf kmf+6sf] Pp6f sfo{stf{n] eGbf a9L
of]ubfg ug{ ;Sg] sfddf d xft xfNg rfxG5' . d Pp6f :s"n ;+rfng ug{ rfxG5' . Tof] :s"ndf d
kf6L{sf e"ldut / k]z]j/ sfo{stf{sf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ l;lQdf k9fpg rfxG5' .Æ
pxfFn] To:tf] sfddf kf6L{af6 vf;} ;xof]u ug{ g;lsg] s'/f atfpg' eof] . vf;u/]/
cfly{s ?kdf t s]xL ug}{ g;lsg] s'/f atfpg' eof] . d}n] eg]+, ædnfO{ kf6L{sf] To:tf] ;xof]u k6Ss}
rflx+b}g . kf6L{n] dnfO{ Tof] sfd u/\ eg]/ k|]/0ff dfq} lbP k'U5 .Æ
pxfFn] ;xh 9Ën] dnfO{ gofF Joj;fodf nfUg] cg'dlt lbg'eof] . d}n] sfdaf6 5'§L kfPF .
5'§L kfpg' cl3 g} d}n] cfkm\gf] sfdsf] of]hgf agfO;s]sL lyPF . s]xL ;fyLx?;Fu sfdsf] af/]df
5nkmn klg ul/;s]sL lyPF . d}n] ltg} ;fyLx?;Fu ldn]/ Pp6f k|fylds ljBfno :yfkgf u/]+ .
k|f/Dedf tL klg ;fFlRrs} b'Mvn] el/Psf lbg lyP . tkfO{+ Tof] b'Mvsf] klg c'gdfg ug{
;Sg'x'Gg eG7fG5' . xfdLn] :s"n t vf]n]sf lyof}+, t/ xfdL;Fu rflxg] hlt ljBfyL{ lyPgg\ . To;}n] d
l5d]ssf 6f]n 6f]ndf uP/ cfkm"n] lrg]sf ;fyLx?sf 5f]/f5f]/L cfkm}+ af]s]/ Nofp+y] . a]n'sf k9fO
;lsPkl5 d cfkm}+ ltgLx?nfO{ sDd/df Rofk]/ cfdfafa'sf] sfvdf xflnlbGy]+ . b'O{ tLg hgf
gfgLx?nfO{ sDd/df Rofk]/, xftdf 8f]/\ofP/ 6f]n 6f]ndf rfxfg'{ s:tf] em0eml6nf] x'G5 eGg'; t Û
d}n] Tof] klg u/]+ . xf], klxn] c?sf] :s"ndf sfd ubf{sf] h:tf] ysfOn] Tolta]nf dnfO{ kf]Nb}gYof] .
d of] ;a} sfd cfkm\g} nflu ul//x]5', cfkm\g} eljiosf] nflu ul//x]5' eGg] ;kgfdf d ?dlNnPsL
x'Gy]+ . To;}n] d leq ;w}+el/ cfsfz h:tf] sGrg pT;fx t}l/O/xGYof] . d]/f] dg 6f9faf6 x]bf{sf]
lxdfn h:tf] ;kmf / ;kf6 lyof] . hlxn] klg dnfO{ nfUYof] – d]/f] dgdf 3fd v]ln/x]5 .
xfdLn] Tolta]nf :s"ndf xf]:6n klg rnfPsf lyof}+ . To:t} !^ hgf ljBfyL{ lyP . ltgsf
nflu d cfkm}+ vfgf agfpy]+ . d cfkm}+ efF8f dfem\y]+ . d cfkm}+ s]6fs]6Lsf kmf]xf]/ n'ufsk8f w'Gy]+ .
z'?sf] d]/f] ;DkGg kfl/jfl/s hLjg / clxn]sf] d]/f] ;'vL kfl/jfl/s hLjgsf] aLrsf] Tof] sfdnfO{
x]/]/ tkfO{+ cfkm}+ sNkgf ug'{;\ – d]/f nflu Tof] slt oftgfbfoL lyof] xf]nf < cfkm\gf efOa}gLsf]
u'x'd't ;d]t g5f]PsL d}n] hfGb} ghfg]sf s]6fs]6Lx?sf] lbzflk;fa ;kmf ug'{kbf{ s;/L cfkm"nfO{
l6sfpg ;s]+ x'+nf < tkfO{+nfO{ yfxf 5 < 3f]kf SofDkaf6 lgl:sPkl5 d}n] sf+6f rDrfsf] k|of]u ug{
5f]8]sL lyPF . 3/df a:bf d xft}n] eft vfGy]+ . t/ kl5 cfkm"n] :s"n rnfpg yfn]kl5 d}n] cfkm\g}
xft kmf]xf]/ ePsf] 7fg]/ km]l/ sf+6f rDrf k|of]u ug{ yfn]sL x'+ .
tkfO{+nfO{ Pp6f /dfOnf] k|;Ë ;'gfp+ < Pslbg d aRrfx?n] vfPsf ef+8f dflem/x]sL lyPF .
d]/f] z/L/df d}nf] sk8f lyof] / d]/f xftx? l3gnfUbf lyP . ToxLa]nf cfˆgf] aRrfnfO{ 5fqfaf;df
egf{ ug{ Pshgf ;'lsnf] cleefjs cfpg' eof] . pxfF;Fu} cfpg' ePsf] lzIfs ;fyL;Fu cleefjsn]
c+u|]hLdf ;f]Wg'eof], æefG;] xf] <Æ
lzIfs ;fyLsf] wd{;+s6 d]/f] cfFvf cufl8 gflr/x]sf] lyof] . pxfF g xf] eGg ;Sg'x'GYof], g
xf]Og eGg ;Sg'x'GYof] . :s"nsf] d'Vo dfG5]nfO{ efG;] agfpg pxfFsf] dgn] dfGb}gYof] . xf]Og eGbf
cleefjs e8\lsPnfg / aRrf gkfOPnf eg]/ pxfFn] lkl/g' kYof]{ . To;}n] pxfFnfO{ Tof] cK7]/f]af6
hf]ufpFb} d}n] cleefjsnfO{ gd:sf/ u/]+ / s] tkfO{+ aRrfx?sf] sf]7f x]g{ rfxg' x'G5 eg]/ ;f]w]+ .
cleefjsn] To;f] eP tkfO{+ cfof xf] eg]/ ;f]Wg' eof] . d}n] eg]+, æd aRrfx?sL cfdf x'+ .
cfdf x'g h] ug'{k5{ d Tof] ;a} u5'{ .Æ
Tolta]nf pxfFn] d]/f] efiff a'em\g' ePg .
t/ klg xfd|f] 5fqfaf;df Pp6f gofF aRrf ylkof] . dlxgf lbgkl5 k};f a'emfpg cfp+bf
cleefjsn] dnfO{ lrGg'eof] / 5Ss kb}{ ;f]Wg'eof], æDof8d, s;/L tkfO{+ of] b'O6} e"ldsf Ps}rf]6L
lgaf{x ug{ ;ls/xg' ePsf] 5 <Æ
dnfO{ clxn] klg yfxf 5}g – s'g k|]/0ffn] Tolta]nf dnfO{ cfof, efG;], gf]sgL{, jf8]{g,
lzlIfsf / ljBfnosL dflnSgL agfpg ;s]sf] lyof] . t/ tkfO{+nfO{ egf}+ < d}n] b'O jif{ cyf{t
rf}la; dlxgf of] e"ldsfnfO{ hf]ufP/ /fv]sL lyPF . Tof] 5fqfaf; d]/f] kl/jf/ lyof] . s]6fs]6Lx? d]/f
5f]/f5f]/L lyP, efOalxgL lyP . ltgLx? ljdf/L x'+bf d]/f] skfn b'VYof] . ltgLx? xfF:bf d]/f] dg
cfFugdf uP/ 5'gd'gfpb} gfRg yfNYof] .
/fd|f] k|Zg ;f]Wg'eof] . d t stf kf] au]+5' < of] :s"n z'? u/]sf] ;f]x| jif{ eof] . Tolta]nf
Pp6f :s"n yfNg krf;, ;f7L xhf/ eP k'UYof] . d}n] c? b'O hgf ;fyLx?;Fu ldn]/ :s"n yfn]sL
lyPF . d}n] af cfdf;Fu aL; xhf/ ?k}ofF ;fk6L dfu]+ . d]/f] af ;fx|} v'zL x'g'eof] . Ps t 5f]/Ln]
Pp6f kf}/v cf/De u/L eg]/ v'zL x'g'eof] eg] csf]{lt/ cfkm"n] 5f]/Lsf] Tof] dxfg sfo{df ;xof]u
ug{ kfPF eg]/ v'zL x'g'eof] . d]/f] afcfdfsf] v'zLn] d leqsf] cfTdljZjf;nfO{ emg alnof] agfO
lbPsf] lyof] Tolta]nf . d}n] af;Fu ;fk6L eg]/ k};f dfu]sL lyPF . afn] eGg'eof], æ;s] ltg'{, g;s]
efO alxgLnfO{ k9fP/ lt/]+ eG7fGg' . oltn] k'u] rnfpg', gk'u] rflxg] hlt ylkb] eGg' . t]/f] kf}/vn]
xfd|f] s'nsf] OHht a9fpg]5 . b]jfgsf] 5f]/Ln] vf]n]sf] of] klxnf] :s"n x'g]5 .Æ
d]/f x/]s sfdx? d]/f afsf nflu b]jfgsf] ;Gtfgn] u/]sf] klxnf] sfd x'g yfn]sf lyP .

z'?df :s"nsf] of]hgf agfpbf xfdL tLg hgf ;fyLx? lyof}+ . t/ Ps hgf ;fyLn] of]hgf
aGbf aGb} xfdLnfO{ 5f]l8lbg' eof] . pxfF ;+nUg} x'g'ePg eGbf klg x'G5 . b'O rf/ jif{ :s"n 3f6fdf
hfG5 eGg] dx;'; ePkl5, :s"n gyfln+b} pxfF ;/Ss aflxl/g' ePsf] lyof] . csf]{ ;fyL klg Ps
jif{kl5 yfSg' eof] . pxfF kl5 hd{gL lt/ nfUg' eof] . o;/L t]>f] jif{ nfUbf d cgf}7f] u/L PlSnPF .
s}of}+ /ft d}n] cfkm}+nfO{ grflx+bf] sfddf lsg xft xfn]+5' eg]/ lwSsf/]+ . a]nf a]nfdf d]/f]
cfTdljZjf; x'/Lsf] x'08/Ldf xlNnPsf] afF;sf] emfª h;/L xlNnGYof] . ;fyLx?n] h;/L :s"n 5f]8\g'
eof] – To;/L 5f]8\g ;Sg] xfntdf d lyOg . 6fpsfdf Ps nfvsf] /Lg r'lnO;s]sf] lyof] / /Lg
ltg]{ s'g} pkfo d]/f ;fd" lyPg . Tof] /Lg d hflu/ vfP/ klg ltg{ ;Sg] lyOg .
d;Fu Pp6} dfq pkfo lyof] – cfˆgf] vr{ 36fpg' / h;/L x'G5 w]/} eGbf w]/} sdfO ug'{ .
d}n] To;} u/]+ .
d}n] cfkm\g} kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?nfO{ :s"nsf] sfddf nufPF . d]/f] afn] km]l/ cfkm\gf pbf/
xftx?n] dnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{eof] . Tolta]nf af dnfO{ e]6\g cfO/xg' x'GYof] clg cfkm";Fu pxfFn] ;w}+
rfdn, bfn, cfn', l3p, t]n 6Gg af]sfP/ cfpg' x'GYof] . Pp6f vf; sfndf d ;fu ;d]t dfOtLsf]
vfGy]+ . d]/f] 5fqfaf;sf ljBfyL{x? sf7df08f} aflx/sf] cGg / crf/ vfGy] .
tLg jif{ d]/f] :s"n 3f6fdf rNof] . d]/f] 6fpsfdf ;jf nfv eGbf a9L /Lg r'lnof] . t/
kl5Nnf lbgx?df Tof] /Lg cfkm\g} kl/jf/hgdf v'lDrPsf] lyof] . To;}n] To;n] d]/f] dfgl;s
lk8fnfO{ klxn] h:tf] rsf]{ agfPg .
rf}yf] jif{ d}n] klxnf] ls:tf /Lg lt/]+ . Tolta]nf dnfO{ s:tf] nfu]sf] lyof] eg]/ tkfO{+
sNkgf ug{ ;sg'x'G5 < ;Sg'x'Gg . dnfO{ nfUof] – d :jtGq cfsfzdf ljr/0f ul//x]sf] rGb|df x'+ /
d]/f] cf]l/k/L lztntfsf] 5x/faf6 kfgLsf km'xf/x? eml//x]5g\ . aRrfx?sf] egf{sf] klxnf] qmd
;lsPkl5 d}n] lt/]sf] klxnf] C0fsf] /sd k}+tfln; xhf/sf] lyof] . lbpF;f] tLg ah] d}n] k};f lt/]+ .
To;kl5 cfkm}+ d aL/ c:ktfn cufl8sf] s'v'/f ahf/df uPF . d}n rf/f]6f s'v'/f lsg]+ . Tolta]nf
klg xfdL xf]:6n rnfO/x]sf lyof}+ . d}n] NofPsf] s'v'/f 5fqfaf;sf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ b]vfp+b} d}n] v'zL
eP/ eg]+, æcfcf] gfgL xf], cfh xfdL nf]sn s'v'/fsf] ;'k;Fu dHhfn] eft vfg]5f}+ . cfhsf] lbg
ltdLx? dnfO{ ;3fcf] . o; jif{b]lv d ltdLx?sf] sfd ug]{ cfof /flvlbg]5' . ltd|f nflu ca cfof
/ efG;] cnu cnu x'g]5g\ .Æ
s]6fs]6Lx?n] d]/f gflr/x]sf] dg b]Vg ;s]gg\ . lar/f pgLx?sf] r]tg} Tolt ulx/f] sxfF
lyof] / < t/ ghfg]/} eP klg pgLx? d]/f] v'zLdf ;xefuL eP . 7"nf ljBfyL{x?n] s'v'/f sf6],
e'TNofP / 6'qmf 6'qmf kf/] . ;fgfx?n] dnfO{ efG;fdf ;3fP . xfdL ;a}n] Pp6f gofF lbgsf] bz}+
dgfof}+ .
kfrf}+ jif{df d /Lgd'Qm dfq eOg, d}n] clnslt k};f hf]/hfd u/]+ . ToxL hf]/hfdn] d}n]
sf7df08f}df cf7 cfgf hUuf lsg]+ . Tof] hUuf lsg]sf] /ft d ;kgfdf ;d]t xfFl;/x]+ . wtL{df d]/f]
cfˆgf] 5fgf] agfpg] df6f] lyof] . d}n] cfkm\g} e"lddf kfOnf] /fVg kfpg] ePsL lyPF . cfˆgf] hdLg
x'g'sf] v'zL tkfO{+n] slxNo} dx;'; ug'{ePsf] 5 < xf]Og, xf]Og . To:tf] df6f]nfO{ cfˆgf] df6f] eGg}
ldNb}g . Tof] t tkfO{+sf] afp cyjf afh]sf] kl;gfn] km/kml/Psf] df6f] xf] . Tof] tkfO{+sf] kl;gf
xf]Og . To;}n] Tof] tkfO{+sf] df6f] xf]Og . tkfO{+sf] kl;gf au]sf] df6f] dfq tkfO{+sf] df6f] x'G5 .
tkfO{+n] Tof] leh]sf] df6f]af6 pl8/x]sf] ;'uGwsf] :jfb lng' ePsf] 5 < 5}g < lng'xf];\ . tkfO{+nfO{
nfU5 – km'/km'/ pl8/x]sf] Tof] ;'uGwn] tkfO{+nfO{ :juL{o cfgGb lbO/x]5 .
xf]Og, xf]Og, of] d]/f] k|i6Ls/0f xf]Og . d cfˆgf] lhGbuLsf] af/]df c?nfO{ k|i6Ls/0f lbb}
lsg lx+8' < tkfO{+nfO{ yfxf 5 < d}n] ;fyLx?nfO{ k|i6Ls/0f lbg' kb}{g . clg d]/f] clxt
lrtfpg]x?nfO{ d k|i6Ls/0f lbg} rfxGg . tkfO{+n] ca t s] klg a'lem;Sg' eof] eg], d hxfF 5', Tof]
d cfkm}+n] agfPsf] 7fpF xf] . s;}n] dnfO{ af]s]/ oxFf NofP/ /flvlbPsf] xf]Og . To;}n] d}n] s;nfO{
:ki6Ls/0f lbO/xg' k5{ / < d}n] t oxfF cfˆgf] v'zL dfq kf]v]sL x'+ . hUuf, hldg, 3/4f/ s]xL
gePsf] dfG5]sf] cfˆgf] df6f] x'+bf To;sf] dg slt /dfp5 eg]/ k|i6\ofpg dfq vf]h]sL x'+ .
To;kl5 < To;kl5 t tkfO{+n] b]lv/xg' ePsf] 5 . d clxn] cfkm";Fu cToGt} ;Gt'i6 5' .
v'zL 5' . d cfˆgf] :jtGqtf;Fu k|;Gg 5' . dnfO{ nfU5 – clxn] d sfjf vf+b} d'Qm uugdf
kN6fdf/L v]nL/x]sf] afh h:t} :jtGq 5' .
 clxn] ;'Gbf tkfO{+nfO{ s]xL h:tf] nfu]g xf]nf . t/ d}n] ;fFRr} w]/} b'Mv u/]sf jif{x? log}
lyP . oL jif{x?df d}n] ef}lts / dfgl;s b'j} vfn] oftgf ef]u]sL 5' . d]/f] u/LaL, d]/f] cefju|:t
lhGbuLsf] b'vfO d]/f nflu zfob clns yf]/} lyof] xf]nf . d}n] tL rf/ cf]6f jif{x?df Tof] eGbf rsf]{
dfgl;s oftgf ef]u]sL 5' . o; aLrdf d]/f] rl/q xTof ug]{ sf]lzz ul/of] . d a]jfl/;] elgPF .
tkfO{+nfO{ yfxf 5 < lax] u/]sf] kfFr jif{;Dd d}n] l;Gb'/, kf]t] s]xL nufOg . Pp6L laaflxt
:jf:gLdfG5]sf nflu To:tf j:t'x? slt lk|o x'G5g\ eGg] tkfO{+n] sNkg} ug{ ;Sg' x'Gg . s]6fx?;Fu
af]n]sf], xfF;]sf], lx+8]sf], 8'n]sf] b]Vtf dfG5]n] d]/f] rl/q} ;dfKt ePsf] 3f]if0f ;d]t u/] . cxf] Û
;lDembf clxn] klg pN6L cfpg v]fH5 . lsg dfG5]x? lzsf/L x'g ?rfp5g\ yfxf 5}g . tkfO{+ cfkm}+
lzsf/sf] ?kdf s;}4f/f r]jf ul/g' x'+bf klg cfkm" lzsf/ x'g'sf] sf/0f yfxf kfpg ;Sg'x'Gg .
d tkfO{+nfO{ csf]{ o:t} Pp6f /f]rs 36gf ;'gfpF < )$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ng ;lsO;s]sf]
lyof] / d]/f] >Ldfg sf7df08f}sf ;8sx?df 3'dlkm/ ug{ yfNg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfF ;fj{hlgs
sfo{qmddf pleO;Sg' ePsf] lyof] / dfG5]n] pxfFnfO{ lrGg yfn]sf lyP . pxfFsf] kl/ro ;fj{hlgs
e};s]sf] lyof] / pxfF, rf;f] ag]/ dflg;sf] cg'xf/df 6fFl;g yfNg'ePsf] lyof] .
To:t} Pslbg ck/fGxkl5 pxfF / d ahf/df lgl:sof}+ . Toxf] xfd|f] lhGbuLsf] klxnf] ;+o'Qm
/fhwfgL ofqf lyof] . xfdL OGb|rf]s uof}+ . pxfFsf nflu Pp6f sf]6sf] sk8f lslglbg' kg]{ lyof] .
xfdL b'O rf/ cf]6f k;nx?df cndlnof}+ . To;kl5 c? s]xL lvlqªldlqª ;fdfg lsGg xfdL Psfw
306f ahf/df 3'Dof}+ .
ef]lnkN6 Pp6f klqsfdf s] 5flkof] < tkfO{+ sNkgf ug}{ ;Sg'x'Gg . 5flkof] – >Ldfg
kmnfgf] OGb|rf]sdf Pp6L hfkfgL s]6L;Fu /lNnP/ lx+l8/x]sf] lyof] .
afkm /] Û >Ldfg >LdtL klg ;Fu} lx+8\g gkfOg] of] s:tf] zf;g xf]nf < d 5Ss k/]+ .
cfkm\g} >Ldfg;Fu, cfkm\g} >LdtL;Fu t dflg;x? o;/L aft\ nfp5g\ eg] >Ldfg gb]lvPsf]
>LdtLsf] s'g a]xfn eof] xf]nf Û tkfO{+ cfkm}+ sNkgf ug'{;\ .
hfkfgL eGbf /dfOnf] nfu]g /] < tkfO{+sf] k|Zg uhasf] 5 . tkfO{+nfO{ d}n] klxn] g} elgg <
k|foM w]/}n] dnfO{ lrlgof jf hfkfgL s]6L g} eGy] . d]/f] afn] s]6fs]6Ldf dnfO{ lh:Sofpg' k/\of] eg]
hlxn] klg dnfofdf e]6]/ NofPsL s]6L eGg'x'GYof] . To;}n] d]/f] cg'xf/df, rLg hfkfgsf
:jf:gLdfG5]x?sf] cg'xf/df kfOg] s]xL ljz]iftf lyof] g} . cem e]i6 / k]06 nfP/ lx+8]sf] ;dodf t,
sltn] dnfO{ tkfO{+n] olt /fd|f] g]kfnL sxfF l;Sg'ePsf] eg]/ ;Dd ;f]w]sf 5g\ . To;}n] s;}n]
hfkfgL of rfOlgh eGbf dnfO{ s]xL h:tf] nfUb}g . Tof] e|dsf] :jefljs cg'xf/ xf] h:tf] dnfO{
nfUb} cfPsf] 5 .
Toltdfq xf]Og, Tof] sl7g sfndf lrg]s} ;fyLx?n] klg d]/f] kfl/jfl/s hLjg lavl08t
ug]{ sf]lzz ug'{eof] . lrg]s} dflg;x? emu8fsf] aLp emf]nfdf /fv]/ slxn] d]/f] t slxn] >Ldfg
a:g'ePsf] sf]7fdf k'Ug'eof] . cfˆgf] vNtLdf emu8f af]Sg lsg dfG5]nfO{ /x/ nfU5 – d}n] a'em]sL
5}g .
x'g;S5 dfG5]sf] dgdf ;w}+ afFlr/xg], t/ x'ls{P/ 7"nf] x'g g;Sg] Oiof{sf] ls/fn] To:tf]
u/]sf] xf];\ . dnfO{ ;Demgf 5 – d}n] :s"n ;+rfng u/]sf cf/lDes jif{x?df d]/f] x'd{t Tolt ;fx|}
vf]l;Psf] lyPg . ;fyLx? cfpg' x'+bf d slxn] 7"nf 7"nf efF8fx? dflem/x]sL x'Gy]+ . slxn] efG;fdf
eft ksfO/x]sL x'Gy]+ . slxn] wf/fdf 7"nf 7"nf 8«dx?df kfgL el//x]sL x'Gy]+ . ;fyLx? cfpy],
lrgf?x? cfpy] . d]/f] sfd;Fu} pgLx?sf] ukm klg rln/xGYof] / k|foM ;a}n] …;fx|} b'Mv kfpg' eof]
lgÚ eg]/ ;xfg'e"lt g} JoQm uy]{ . cx+, ltgn] aflx/ uP/ d]/f] s'/f] sf6\b}gy] .
t/ d}n] sdfpg, hDdf ug{, clns /l;nf] el/nf] vfg yfn]kl5 d]/f] lj?4df ;a}lt/sf] tL/
;f]lemPsf] h:tf] dnfO{ nfUg yfNof] . d]/f] r/Lqsf] ljifodf, d]/f] cfr/0fsf] s'/fdf, d]/f] kl/jf/sf]
;Gbe{df d}n] rflx]g] grflxg] k|i6Ls/0f lbg yfNg'k/\of] . x'+bf x'+bf sltkon] t d]/f] lgi7fd} klg z+sf
p7fpg yfn] .
of] clxn] d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ cfkm\gf] b'Mv];f] kf]v]sL dfq x'+ . k'/fgf] 3fp sf]6\ofP/ s]fxL klg
;fyLefOsf] cg'xf/ ;lDemg sxfF vf]h]sL x'+ / Û
 d}n] :s"n ;+rfng ug{ yfn]sf] bf]>f] jif{df xfd|L 5f]/L hlGdO{ . t/ d}n] 5f]/Lsf] afa' b]vfpg
;lsg . To;df klg d}n] sltkosf] k|xf/sf] lgzfgf aGg'k¥of] . ;fx|} lbSs ePkl5 d}n] e/v/
hlGdPsL 5f]/Lsf] afpnfO{ xËsËsf] c1ft nfx'/] agfPF / cfkm"nfO{ arfPF . :jf:gLdfG5]sf] :jtGqtf
cg'e"t g} gx'g] xfd|f] lalrqsf] dfgl;stfn] dnfO{ Tof] a]nf /ft /fte/ ?jfof] . s] :jf:gLdfG5]nfO{
cfˆgf] cl:dtf Kof/f] nfUb}g < s] :jf:gLdfG5], k'?ifsf] cxd\sf] 7]Ssfdf dfq afFr]sL x'G5] < s]
nf]Ug]dfG5]sf] cxd\ gx'g] xf] eg] :jf:gLdfG5]sf] :jM ;dfKt x'G5 < s] :jf:gLdfG5] kmut nf]Ug]sf]
;l6{lkms]6 hf]ufOlbg cfkm\gf] rl/qnfO{ a§fdf aGb u/]/ rf]lvG5] < s] :jf:gLdfG5] hLljsf, rl/q,
:jfledfg ;a} If]qdf cfkm}+ k"0f{ x'g ;lSbg < o:tf 8ªu'/ k|Zgx?n] dnfO{ /ft /ftel/ lk/f]nL /xGy]
. d 56k6fpb} ltgsf] pQ/ vf]Hy]+ . ;dfh;Fu l/;fpy]+ / slxn]sfxL+ dflg;x?;Fu emu8f uy]{+ .
tkfO{+ Pp6L dlxnfsf] of] kL8fnfO{ g a'em\g ;Sg' x'G5 g cleJoQm ug{ g} ;Sg'x'G5 . To;}n]
5f]l8lbg';\ of] k|;ËnfO{ . tkfO{+nfO{ d olQ egf}+, s/La bz jif{ d}n] h:tf] lhGbuL a]xf]/]sL lyPF –
eljiosf] g]kfndf s'g} klg dlxnfn] Tof] lhGbuL a]xf]g'{ gk/f];\ .
>Ldfgsf] k|;Ë glgsfn]s} xf] . hlxn] klg nf]Ug]sf] k|z+zfdf uLt ufp5] eG7fGg' x'G5 eg]/}
d ;/Ss klG5PsL x'+ . x/]s 7fpFdf, x/]s k|;Ëdf pxfFsf] vf]hL cfjZos 5 < s] d g}, d xf]Og / <
s] d]/f sfdx? d]/f] >Ldfgaf6 :jtGq x'g ;Sb}gg\ < s] cfkm\gf sfdx? k|lt ;Dk"0f{?kdf, d}
lhDd]jf/ x'g ldNb}g < Pp6f dfgl;stf – nf]Ug]dfG5]sf] ;Dk"0f{ 6]sf] lagf :jf:gLdfG5]n] s]xL ug}{
;lSbg eGg] dfgl;stfaf6 d'lQm lbg klg d}n] pxfFsf] k|;Ë glgsfn]s} xf] . tkfO{+n] ;f]lwxfNg' eof],
To;}n] hjfkm klg h:tfsf] t:t} lbg' k¥of] .
l7s} ;f]Rg'ef] . z'?df pxfF d]/f] ;fydf x'g'x'GYof] . d]/f] k|of;nfO{ pxfFn] bx|f] 6]jf lbg' ePsf]
lyof] . pxfF gePsf] eP d of] sfdnfO{ cl3 a9fpg} ;lSbgy]+ . xf]Og, xf]Og, d}n] a9fO r9fO u/]sf]
x]fOg . kf6L{;Fu d}n] :s"n rnfpg] / ;s[o /fhgLltaf6 cnu /xg] cg'dlt k|fKt ul/;s]sL lyPF .
of] cg'dltsf] l;nl;nfdf pxfFn] d dfly s'g} u'g nfpg' ePsf] 5}g . t/ ha d}n] :s"n rnfpg
yfn]+ / k|f/lDes lbgsf x08/x? a]xf]g{ yfn]+ – Tolta]nf cfkm\gf bx|f kGhfn] pxfFn] dnfO{ cf8
lbg'ePsf] xf], dnfO{ l6ls/xg d2t ug'{ ePsf] xf] . pxfFsf] cf8 gkfPsf] eP of]hgf agfpbf agfpb}
5f]8\g] dWosL Pp6L zfob d} x'Gy]+ xf]nf .
t/ of] Pp6f vf; sfnsf] s'/f xf] . ;w}+ To:tf] ePg . Tof] klg elgxfnf}+ . :s"n 3f6fdf
hfpGh]n pxfFn] dnfO{ af]Sg' eof] . lr7L n]Vbf k|]/0ff, e]6 x'+bf klg k|]/0ff . oxfF;Dd ls dfofsf
s'/fx?df klg ToxL k|]/0ff pxfFsf] :j/df nk]l6Psf] x'GYof] . d k/flht gxf]p+ eg]/ pxfF ;a}eGbf a9L
lrlGtt /xg' x'GYof] . PskN6 pxfFn] n]Vg'ePsf] lyof], æeujfgdf ljZjf; ug]{x?n] klg tk:ofsf]
b'Mv ef]Ug' k/]sf] 5 . xfdL ufyfx?df ToxL k9\b} cfPsf 5f}+ . csf{sf] j/bfgdf cfˆgf] hLjgsf]
;fy{stf b]Vg]x?n] t sl7g tk ug'{k5{ eg] tkfO{+n] Tof] si6s/ ofqfsf] af6f]df glx+8L ;'v} 5}g .
tkfO{+n] cfkm\g} kf}/vsf nflu ;+3if{ ul//xg' ePsf] 5 / Tof] ;+3if{ PSn} ul//xg' ePsf] 5 . o:tf]
cj:yfdf ;fgf] x'/Ln] tkfO{+nfO{ g9fnf];\ . rsf]{ x'/Ldf ;ltzfn dfq l7Ë pleg ;S5 eg]/ Pshgf
;flxTosf/n] n]Vg'ePsf] 5 . Tof] ;ltzfn tkfO{+ aGg ;Sg'xf];\ . tkfO{+n] kof{Kt b'Mv kfpg' ePsf] 5
/ ca s:t} b'Mvn] klg lxhf]sf] b'MvnfO{ la:yflkt ug{ ;Sb}g . To;}n] w}o{tfk"j{s cl3 a9\g';\ . Ps
jif{, b'O jif{ cyjf tLg} jif{ of rf/} jif{ tkfO{+nfO{ 3f6f nfUg ;S5 . t/ Ps g Ps lbg tkfO{+sf]
nufgL lkmtf{ x'G5 . tkfO{+n] xfdLnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . tkfO{+n] d h:tf sltko ;fyLsf
5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ k9fOlbg ;Sg'x'G5 . To;}n] pleg';\ . b[9tfk"j{s pleg';\ .Æ
o:tf lr7L dlxg}lkR5] cfO/xGy] / d lah'nL aQLsf] pHofnf]df lr7Lsf kfgfx? kN6fpb}
cfkm"nfO{ alnof] agfpg] sf]lzz uy]{+ .
:s"nn] sdfO u/]/ l/g lt?Gh]n klg pxfFsf] :j/sf] pT;fx h:tfsf] t:t} lyof] . nfUYof],
lhGbuL ;fFRr} /dfOnf] /x]5 . t/ ha :s"nn] sdfO ug{ yfNof], ha d}n] hf]/hfd ug{ yfn]+ /
vf;u/]/ ha d}n] ;DkGg dflg;x?sf] h:tf] hLjg lhpg] rfxgf kfNg yfn]+ – To;kl5 pxfFn] dnfO{
xtf]T;flxt ug{ yfNg' eof] . :s"n gfkmfdf hfg yfn]sf] rf}yf] jif{ t d'v} kmf]/]/ pxfFn] – ca tkfO{+n]
of] :s"n rnfpg' x'+b}g eg]/ lg0f{o g} ;'gfpg' eof] . ;'gfpg' ePsf] dfq xf]Og, pxfFn] Tof] :s"n
lsGg] slthgf u|fxs vf]h]/ NofOlbg' klg eof] . To;kl5sf yk jif{x?df pxfFn] cfkm"nfO{ d]/f] :s"n
;+rfng–sd{sf] lj/f]wL agfpg' eof] .
pxfFn] yfx} gkfO{ Tolta]nf d}n] Pp6f lg0f{o ul/;s]sL lyPF . d pxfFsf] lrQ b'vfpg
rfxGgy]+ . To;}n] d :s"n a]lRbg elGbgy]+ . t/ d pxfFn] h'6fOlbg' ePsf k|To]s u|fxsnfO{ :s"n
lsGg g;Sg] laGb'df k'/\ofP/ ljbf lbGy]+ . d]/f] of] v]n pxfFn] slxNo} a'em\g' ePg . To;}n] pxfFsf]
:s"n a]Rg] s/s/, ToxL v]nsf] lzsf/ eP/, tL/n] nfu]sf] rf]6n] n:t eP/ hLjgsf] Pp6f s'gfdf
uP/ k5fl/Psf] 5 . ca t pxfFnfO{ cfkm\gf] sfd;Fu} ysfO klg nfUg yfn]sf] 5 . kf]xf]/b]lv pxfFn]
:s"nsf] rrf{ ;'Gg klg 5f]8\g' ePsf] 5 .
cfh w]/} uGyg ul/of] . tkfO{+nfO{ d of] klg ;'gfp+nf . gcflQgf];\ . tkfO{+ n]vL dfq /xg';\
. d tkfO{+nfO{ lhGbuLsf] s];|f s];|f ;'gfpnf .
d]/f] >Ldfg l/;fpg' xf]nf eg]/ d slxNo} 8/fpGg . lsgeg] dnfO{ yfxf 5 – d]/f s'/fn]
pxfFnfO{ slxNo} l/;fpg] 7fpFdf k'/\ofpg} ;Sb}g . To;}n] ef]ln syf yfNbf d clns agfP/ eGg
yfn'+nf ls eGg] g7fGgf];\ . To:tf] x'+b}g .
 d]/f] lgisif{
dnfO{ pQ/ lbg t ;lhnf] x'+b}g, t/ klg tkfO{+sf] k|Zg d]/f nflu ?lrs/ 5 . /fhgLltnfO{
dflg;x? qm'/ k|;Ë 7fG5g\ . kmf]xf]/L v]n eG5g\ . t/ ;Fu;Fu} To;k|lt uf9f ldt]/L klg ufFl;/xg
rfxG5g\ . dflg;x? gfË} eP/ To;k|ltsf] cfzlQm hfx]/ u5{g\ . o'jf s]6fx? s]6L eg]kl5 xQ]
xfN5g\ elgG5 lg, dfG5]sf] /fhgLltsf] rfxgf Tof] xQ]xfnfO{sf] klg afh] x'G5 . To;afx]s cfhef]ln
t dflg;x? To;nfO{ gfkmfsf] Aofkf/ 7fGg yfn]sf 5g\ . /fhgLltsf] Aofkf/ /fd|/L rlDsPsf] klg 5
. Tof] vt/fd'Qm gfkmfsf] sf/f]af/ ePsf] 5 . o:tf] a]nfdf, cyf{t, /fhgLlt eGg] k]zf /fd|/L
rlDsPsf] b]v]/, dflg;x? hGtLsf] n:s/ afFw]/ /fhgLltsf] laafx d08klt/ u}/x]sf] a]nfdf d}n]
/fhgLltsf] nuguf+7f] 5f8g' x'+b}gYof] . tkfO{+sf] egfO klg l7s} xf] . tkfO{+sf] csf]{ egfO klg l7s}
xf] . xf], d;Fu /fhgLltlsf cfwf bh{g ;l6{lkms]6x? lyP . klxnf] ;l6{lkms]6 d]/f] nufgLsf] lyof] .
d}n] )#^ ;fnb]lv ;s[o /fhgLlts hLjg latfPsL lyPF . To;}n] d;Fu /fhgLltsf] Aofh vfg]
clwsf/ ;'/lIft lyof] . clxn] k|foM ;a}n] cfˆgf] ToxL nufgLsf] Aofh t vfO/x]5g\ . /fhgLltsf]
gofF k"+hL s;n] l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 / < bf]>f] ;l6{lkms]6 d]/f] hfltsf] lyof] . d dËf]n ;d'bfoaf6
cfPsL /fhgLlts sfo{stf{ lyPF . gfs, cg'xf/, y/ / hflt x]/]/ /fhgLltsf] l6s6 afFl8g] jt{dfg
kl/kf6Ldf d s'g} klg kf6L{sf nflu ;xh u|fx\o lyPF . d]/f] t]>f] ;l6{lkms]6 eg]sf] d]/f] dlxnfkg
lyof] / hxfF klg h]08/ O:o' p7fP/ d cfˆgf] xs :yflkt ug{ ;Sy]+ . cflv/ ;a} kf6L{df / l;Ëf]
Aoj:yfdf olta]nf dlxnf clwsf/ a'em]/ xf]Og, bof a'em]/ cf/If0f 5'6\ofpg] /fhgLlts rng a;]s}
5 . d]/f] rf}yf] ;l6{lkms]6 d]/f] efiffsf] bIftf / hg;Dks{sf] Ifdtf lyof] . hxfFsxL+ klg af]Ng dnfO{
cK7\of/f] nfUb}g / k|rngsf efiffx? eGbf d a9L g} klg hfGb5' . clxn]sf] /fhgLltdf efiff hfGg'
klg Pp6f 7"n} ljz]iftf dflgbf] /x]5 . To;}n] d s'g} klg kf6L{sf nflu ;xh u|fx\o kbfy{ x'g;Sg]
ePsL /x]5' .
xf]Og, xf]Og, d e'mlSsPsL xf]Og . d}n] hfgL a'emL g} s'g} klg kf6L{sf nflu ;xh u|fx\o
eg]sL x'+ . dfG5]sf] ;Gbe{df clxn] kf6L{x?sf aLrdf s'g} ;Ldf afFls 5 / < tkfO{+ kf6L{x?sf] ;xh
Aojxf/ x]g'{;\ . cfh sf+u|]; ePsf] dflg; TolQs} ef]ln sDo'lg:6 e}/x]sf] x'G5 . cfOtaf/ ;b\efjgf
ePsf] dfG5] ;f]daf/ sf+u|]; x'G5 . ToxL dfG5] d+unaf/ /fk|kf lt/ nfU5 . a'waf/sf] laxfgL Tof]
dfG5] sDo'lg:6 x'G5 clg z'qmaf/ km]l/ ToxL dfG5] ;b\efjgf e};s]sf] x'G5 . s] dfG5] kfgL xf] /
lunf;df xfNg] lalQs} To;n] lunf;s} cfsf/ lng ;S5 < dfG5] s;/L l5g l5gdf km]l/g ;S5 <
cf:yf eg]sf] cfkm" leqsf] ljZjf; xf] . Tof] k;nsf] ;f]s]zdf ;hfOPsf] / lbglbg} k;n]n] n'uf
km]l/lbg] u/]sf] k'tnf xf]Og . t/ cfhef]ln t d, cfhsf] d08n] ef]lnsf] dfcf]jfbL ePsf] /ldtf
x]l//x]sL 5' . b'O dxLgfkl5 dfcf]jfbL cfkm}+ sf+u|]; of csf]{ s'g} sDo'lg:6 ePsf] klg d}n] e]6]sL 5'
. AolQmn] ljrf/nfO{ cfkm\gf] s§' h:tf] agfPsf] 5 . hltv]/ dg nfU5 – nfOlbof], hltv]/ dg
nfUb}g – km'sflnlbof] . o:tf] l:yltdf /fhgLlts cf;lQm k6Ss} gePsL d h:tL dfG5] h'g;'s}
kf6L{sf nflu klg ;xh u|fx\o x'G5' eGg' sxfF unt x'G5 <
sfuhdf n]lvg] s'/f] Pp6f xf] . d}n] sfuhsf] la/f]w u/]sL xf]Og . /fhgLltdf nfu]kl5
sfuhdf leGgtfsf nflu klg s]xL g s]xL n]Vg} k5{ . t/ tkfO{+ g} eGg';\, dfG5]sf] ?kdf xfdLn]
ef]u]sf] Aojxf/n] s;/L kf6L{x?nfO{ Ps csf{af6 leGg b]vfpg ;s]sf] 5 < d cfh h'g kf6L{df
hfg rfx] klg 7fpF kfp5' . h'g kf6L{df d}n] chL{ xfn] klg ;a}n] b'O xft km}nfP/ dnfO{ :jfut
u5{g\ . d Tof] kf6L{df nfUg'sf] p2]Zo klg s;}n] vf]Hb}gg\ . s] of] g} clxn]sf] ;To xf]Og / <
 t/ s] lxhf] o:t} lyof] < lyPg . lxhf] dfG5] dlxnf eP/ /fhgLltdf dfly cfpb}gYof] .
dfG5]sf] gfsn] dfG5]nfO{ /fhgLltdf dfly tfGb}gYof] . dfG5], sfdn] dfly tflgGYof] . dfG5] cfkm\gf]
Tofu, tk:of, alnbfg / of]Uotfn] dfly k'UYof] . d}n] g} tkfO{+|nfO{ cfˆgf] Aojxf/ atfO;s]+ . cfˆgf]
kl/jf/, cfkm\gf afa'cfdf, cfˆgf] ;'v;'ljwf, cfˆgf] v'zL, ;a}nfO{ ltnfGhnL lbP/ cfkm"nfO{ kf6L{df
;dflxt ubf{ klg d}n] cfhsf] ef]ln g} kf6L{sf] ;b:otf kfOg . k]z]j/ sfo{stf{sf x}l;otn] sfd
u/]sf] 5 dxLgf kl5 dfq} d}n] kf6L{sf] ;b:otf kfPsL lyPF . lxhf]sf] s7f]/sfndf ;d]t Toqf]
x08/n] kfOg] kf6L{ ;b:otf cfhsf] ;xhsfndf 5 306fdf s'g} klg af6fdf kfOG5 . tkfO{+nfO{ s'g
kf6L{sf] ;b:otf rflxPsf] 5 < tkfO{+ l;kfn' x'g'x'G5 eg] ef]ln g} tkfO{+n] Ps}rf]6L cfwf bh{g
kf6L{sf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 . tLg cf]6f kf6L{sf ;b:otf lnPsf s]xL dflg;x?nfO{ tkfO{+
e]6\g rfxg' x'G5 < k;L{ cfpg';\ . d pxfFnfO{ af]nfO lbp+nf . pxfF;u d'n'ssf gfd rn]sf tLg
cf]6f kf6L{sf ;b:otf kqx? y'lk|Psf 5g\ .
xf]Og, xf]Og, oxL sf/0fn] d}n] kf6L{ 5f]8]sL xf]Og . p;f] t dflg;x? kf6L{ 5f]8\g'sf bh{gf}
sf/0fx? b]vfpg ;S5g\ . b]vfpg] rng klg 5 . c?nfO{ bf]if y'kf/]/ cfˆgf] knfognfO{ n]k
nufpg] rng 5 . 7"n7"n} dflg;n] kf6L{sf] of] l;4fGt dnfO{ dg k/]g, Tof] gLlt dnfO{ dg k/]g
eg]/ kf6L{ 5f]8]sf] 8Ë'/ pbfx/0f d}n] b]v]sL 5' . d To:tf] ug{ rfxGg . tTsfnsf sf/0fx? h] h:tf
eP klg d}n] kf6L{ cfkm}+ 5f]8]sL x'+ . ;f]rL larf/L 5f]8]sL x'+ . /fhgLltaf6 d]/f] hLjg p+ef] nfUb}g
eGg] 7fg]/} /fhgLltnfO{ d}n] labfOsf] xft xNnfPsL x'+ . s]xL 36gfn] d]/f] hLjgdf kf/]sf] k|efjnfO{
d}n] /fhgLlt 5f]8\g'sf] d"n sf/0f agfpg ldNb}g . /fhgLltdf dfG5] cfkm}+ nfU5 / /fhgLltaf6
knfog ubf{ klg dfG5] cfkm}+ aflx/ lg:sG5 . ;fyLx? jf kl/l:ylt eGg] t axfgfx? dfq x'g\ . tL
axfgf klg elSsDnfsf axfgf x'g\ . hf] s'g} klg a]nf k8\lsP/ efFlRrg ;S5g\ .
csf{sf] dgsf] s'/f] t d s;/L eGg ;S5' / < t/ klg dnfO{ nfU5 – /fhgLlt ug]{x?df
Pp6f cfzlQm x'G5, nfn;f x'G5 . /fhgLltaf6 s]xL kfpg] clenfiff x'G5 . nfn;f ePsf] dflg;,
s]xL kfpg g;Sg] lalQs} /Gylgg yfN5 . zfob oxL /Gygfx6n] p;nfO{ s[lqd e]bsf kvf{nx?
pEofpg nufp5 / p c?nfO{ bf]if lbP/ /fhgLltaf6 aflxl/G5 . t/ of] d]/f] cg'dfg dfq} xf] x} Û
tkfO{+n] o;nfO{ st} hf]8g kfpg' x'Gg lg Û d}n] /fhgLltsf] s'g} nfn;f kfn]sL lyOg, dnfO{ g]tf
x'g' lyPg, dGqL x'g' lyPg, ;f+;b x'g' lyPg, s'g} sfo{sf/L k|d'v x'g' lyPg . To;}n] d}n] /fhgLlt /
d]/f] :s"n ;+rfngsf aLrdf kmfObfsf ljGb'x?sf] t'ngf u/]+ / d}n] ;xh} kf6L{ 5f]8\g] lg0f{o lng
;s]+ . c?nfO{ To:tf] gx'g ;S5 . kf6L{ 5f]8\g', pxfFx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] Jofkf/sf] 8/nfUbf] 3f6f xf] eGg]
nfu]sf] x'g ;S5 . To;}n] 5f]8\g] l:yltdf pxfFx?n] gLlt, l;4fGt, z}nL, ;f]r, lrGtg h:tf lglh{j
ljifox?nfO{ cfkm\gf] knfogsf] cfwf/ agfpg] u/]sf] x'g;S5 .
cx+, d}n] To:tf] ;f]r]s} 5}g . Pp6f sfnv08df kf6L{sf sfd ug'{ k/]sf]df dnfO{ /lQ k5'tf]
nfu]sf] 5}g . d}n] lxhf] sfd u/]sf] sf/0f c?n] kmfObf lnO/x]sf 5g\ eGg] klg dnfO{ nfUb}g .
;fyLx?sf] Aojxf/ a]l7s eP/ d}n] kf6L{ 5f]8\g' k¥of] eGg] u'gf;f] klg d]/f] xf]Og . d}n] /fhgLltdf
nfu]/, hLjgsf] ;Gbe{df w]/} l;s]sL 5' . yf]/} nufgLaf6 d}n] w]/} cg'ej ;+ufn]sL 5' . To;}n] Tof]
;d[4 hLjgnfO{ d s;/L lt/:sf/ ug{ ;S5' < s;/L Tof] ;'Gb/tf k|lt d k5'tf] ug{ ;S5' < Tof] t
d]/f] hLjgsf] la;{g} g;lsg] :d/0fLo If0f xf] . To;}u/L d s] klg hfGb5' eg], alnof] OR5fzlQm
;d]6]sf] eP dnfO{ s;}n] klg aflx/ hf eGg ;Sg] lyPg . d}n] d kf6L{ 5f]8\lbg eg]/ c8\8L lng
rfx]sf] eP dnfO{ s;}n] lgsfNg ;Sg] klg lyPg . To;}n] d}n] kf6L{df lelqg' / ToxfFaf6
aflxl/g'nfO{ cfˆgf] hLjgsf] ;fdfGo k|s[ofdf xfn]sL 5' . h;/L b'O bzs cl3 d cfkm\g} sf/0fn]
kf6L{df lelqPsL lyPF, To;}u/L cfwf bzs klxn] d cfkm\g} sf/0fn] kf6L{af6 aflxl/PsL x'+ .
xf]Og, xf]Og, ;fyLx?sf] s'g} bf]if 5}g . ;fyLx?sf sf/0fn] d cnu ePF eGg] efiff dnfO{
k|of]u ug}{ dg nfUb}g . afaf, /fhgLlt u5'{ eg]kl5 h'Wg] cfF6 ug'{k5{ . efu]/ lx+8\g] clg ;fyLnfO{
bf]if lbg] eGg] klg st} x'G5 < h'Wg] lxDdt gePsfx?n] /fhgLlt ug}{ x'+b}g . x'gt, h'Wg] lxDdt
gePsfx?n] c? klg sfd ug'{ x'+b}g tfklg ;+3if{sf] ;fx; gx'g]x?n] /fhgLlt lt/ t kmls{P/ klg
x]g'{ x'+b}g . To;}n] ;fyLx?nfO{ k6Ss} bf]if glbgf]; . xf], tkfO{+n] eg]sf] ;To xf] . d]/f] knfogdf
kf6L{sf s]xL ;fyLx?sf] clj:d/0fLo e"ldsf 5 t/ Tof] e"ldsfsf nflu d pxfFx?nfO{ ufnL ulb{g .
a? d pxfFx?nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . Tof] klg d]/f] hLjgsf] Pp6f lzIffk|b :d/0f xf] . Tolta]nf
pxfFx?sf] To:tf] e"ldsf ge}lbPsf] eP clxn]sf] of] ;Gt'i6 hLjg d}n] s;/L lhpg ;Sy]+ / <
kGw| jif{ cl3 g} d}n] ;s[o /fhgLltnfO{ gd:sf/ u/]sL lyPF . xf]Og, d kf6L{sf] ;b:o
/lx/x]+ . d n]aL a'emfpy]+ . ;b:otf z'Ns a'emfpy]+ . t/ d}n] k]z]a/ 9fFrfsf] /fhgLlts hLjgnfO{
Tolta]n} labf u/]+ / k]zfdf /x+b} cf+lzs sfd ug]{ hLjgz}nL canDag u/]+ .
Tolta]nf klg ljbfOsf nflu b]lvg] To:tf] s'g} 7f]; sf/0f lyPg . cfkm\g} v'§fdf pleP/
sf7df08f}sf] kf6L{ sfddf ;s[o /lx/xg ;lsG5 eGg] a'emfOn] g} dnfO{ Tof] 7fpFdf k'/\ofPsf] lyof] .
To;kl5, d}n] cufl8 g} tkfO{+nfO{ elg;s]+, kl/l:yltdf b]lvPsf] cK7\of/f]n] dnfO{ hLljsfsf]
Aoj;fo lt/ tfGof] . s]xL jif{d} d Aoj;flos 9+un] ;s[o ePF . :jefljs lyof] – /fhgLltdf, d]/f]
lhDd]jf/Lsf] If]q emg} v'lDrof] . d}n] ljBfyL{ If]qsf] ;s[o /fhgLltaf6 ljbf lnPF . d cfˆgf]
Aoj;fodf emg emg 8'Ab} uPF . To;n] /fhgLlts If]qsf] d]/f] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ :jefljs ?kdf 36fpb}
nUof] .
tkfO{+n] h'g 8/sf] rrf{ ug'{eof] – To:tf] 8/ dnfO{ slxNo} nfu]g . hLjgsf] ;Gbe{sf] 8/
t dnfO{ slxNo} nfu]g . o; dfldnfdf tkfO{+n] dnfO{ cln cln ?9L dfG5] eg]/ n]lvlbg' eP klg
x'G5 . x'g] x'gfdL 6f/]/ 6b}{g eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 . dg'{5 eg] 3/df a;] klg dl/G5, af6fdf lx+8\bf klg
dl/G5 . cflv/ dg'{ g} ;To xf] eg] dg{;Fu 8/fP/ s;/L kf/ kfOG5 . s] dflg; ;'/Iffsf] 3]/f afFw]/
dg{af6 hf]luPsf] 5 / < /fhfx? d/]sf 5g\ . /fgLx? klg d/]s} 5g\ . /fhs'df/x? snsnfpbf]
cj:yfdf d/]sf Oltxf; klg xfdL;Fu lhp+b} 5g\ . dGqL, ;lrj, xflsd, lzIfs, k|fWofks ;a} d/]sf
5g\ . Toltdfq xf]Og, d/]kl5 sfqf] lsGg g;Sg]x? klg dl//x]s} 5g\ . To;}n] dl/g] k|;Ë 8/sf]
cy{df lng d}n] slxNo} ;lsg . lbg gcfO{ sf]xL db}{g, lbg cfPkl5 hLjgnfO{ s;}n] n'sfpg ;Sb}g
. To;}n] d[To'eon] d}n] ;s[o /fhgLlt kl/Tofu u/]sf] xf]Og .
xf], csf]{ vfnsf] 8/n] eg] dnfO{ ;dft]sf] lyof] . laafxsf] kfFr jif{kl5 xfd|f] klxnf] ;Gtfg
hlGdof] . To;sf] hGd;Fu} d]/f] dgdf p;sf] x'sf{O / x]/larf/sf] lrGtfn] ;tfof] . k]z]a/
/fhgLltdf nfUg'ePsf dlxnf ;fyLx?sf 5f]/f5f]/L s;/L x's{G5g\ eGg] cg'ej d}n] ;s[o /fhgLlts
hLjgd} ;+ufn]sL lyPF . d]/f af cfdfn] g} s]xL ;dosf nflu Pshgf ;fyLsf] gfgLnfO{ kfNg' ePsf]
lyof] . To;nfO{ pxfFx?n] cfkm\g} gfltgL ;lDemP/ kfNg' ePsf] lyof] . Pp6f aRrfnfO{ lbg'kg]{ dfof,
ddtf, :g]x ;a} pxfFx?n] lbg' ePsf] lyof] . pxfFx?sf nflu Tof] gfgL d]/} ;Gtfg lyof] . Tolt dfof
kfpbf gfgL dgleq klg /dfpg' kg]{ x'GYof] . t/ a]nf a]nfdf d 3/ hf+bf, gfgLsf] cfFvfdf b]lvg]
Pp6f k/fO efjn] d]/f] dg lgdf]7\Yof] . aRrf x'ls{+b} hf+bf p;sf] dgf]lj1fg s;/L x'ls{Pnf eGg]
lrGtfn] dnfO{ ;tfpYof] . c?n] lbPsf] dfofn] cfdfsf] dfofsf] kl/k'lt{ u5{ / < ub}{g . oxL
r]tgfn], cyf{t cfˆg} 3/df x'ls{Psf] ;fyLsf] ;Gtfgsf] x]/rfxn] dnfO{ Pp6f lgisif{df k'/\ofO;s]sf]
lyof] . Tolta]nf dgdg} d}n] c7f]6 ul/;s]sL lyPF – of t d}n] ;Gtfgsf] OR5f ug'{ x'+b}g of d}n]
k]z]j/ /fhgLltsf] hLjg lhpg' x'+b}g . To;}n] klxn] k]z]a/ /fhgLltsf] hLjg lhpg] c7f]6 ul//x+bf
d}n] ;Gtfgsf] OR5f /flvg . lax] ePsf] rf/ jif{kl5 ;Gtfgsf] rfxgf kfNbf d}n] k]z]j/ /fhgLltsf]
rfxgfnfO{ labf lbO;s]sL lyPF . o;nfO{ tkfO :jfy{ eGg ;Sg'x'G5 cyjf Pp6f of]hgfj4 hLjg
eGg klg ;Sg'x'G5 . tkfO{+n] o;nfO{ h;/L lrq0f u/] klg d}n] u'gf;f] ug'{ kg]{ 7fpF 5}g . d}n]
;f]r]sf] ;To, d]/f nflu dfq} eP klg dnfO{ k'U5 . To;}n] tkfO{+n] cfkm\gf] kl/jf/sf nflu d}n]
/fhgLlt 5f]8]sf] eGg klg ;Sg' x'G5 .
uGhfuf]n h:tf] nfUof] < :jefljs xf] . 6\jfSs Pp6f sf/0fn], dfG5]n] hLjgsf] df]8nfO{
gofF lbzf lt/ nfg} ;Sb}g . w]/} tTjsf] ;lDd>0fn] xfdLnfO{ df]8x?df k'/\ofp5 . To;}n] tkfO{+ d]/f]
hLjgsf] df]8nfO{ o;/L pNn]v ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 – clnslt u/LaL qf;, clnslt kfl/jfl/s ;'vsf]
rfxgf, clnslt ;fyLx?sf] ljZjf;3ft, clnslt /fhgLltdf b]vfk/]sf] e2fkg, clnslt JolQmTj
ljsf;sf] :jtGq rfxgf . a; oL ;a}nfO{ ldnfpbf h] n]Vg plrt x'G5 ToxL n]lvlbg' eP dnfO{
k'U5 .
 xf]Og, xf]Og . d )$& ;fn;Dd} /fhgLltdf ;dflxt lyPF . yf]/} sfd uy]{+ – t/ cfh h:tf]
/fhgLltaf6 lans"n} cnu lyOg . d sfo{qmdx?df hfGy]+ . lbOPsf] ;fgf]ltgf] lhDd]jf/L klg k'/f
uy]{+ . ;+;bsf] klxnf] lgjf{rgdf klg d hd]/} v6]+ . cfkm"n] OR5fPsf] kf6L{nfO{ lhtfpg tg, dg, wg
lbP/} nfu]+ . krf{ af8]+, ;efx?sf] Joj:yfkgdf nfu]+, rGbf p7fpg uPF, s]xL ; ;fgf 7fpFx?df
efif0f} klg u/]+ . o;f] eg'+, clGtd 38Ldf h] u/]+, ToxL r'gfjdf u/]+ .
To;kl5 d}n] kf6L{ ;b:otf gljs/0f ul/g . a;\, o;/L ;xh 9+un] d kf6L{af6 cnu ePF .
x]g'{;\, oxfFg]/ tkfO{+ / d]/f larf/ km/s x'G5g\ . oxL+g]/ o:tf] nfU5 – xfdL hLjgsf b'O
cnu cnu lsgf/fx? xf}+ / /fhgLltsf] ;+nUgtf / c;+nUgtfsf] kl/efiff eËflng] lsgf/fx? xf}+ .
tkfO{+ kf/L x'g'x'G5 / unt x'g'x'G5 clg d jf/L g} 5' / ;xL 5' h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 .
xf]Og, of] d]/f] j}olQms 7DofO xf] . d]/f] dg tkfO{+ h;/L ;'/]nL v]Ng dfGb}g . /fhgLltaf6
cnu x'g' eg]sf] /fhgLlt ug]{x?nfO{ 3[0ff ug'{ xf]Og . To:tf] ug}{ x'+b}g . d t eG5' – /fhgLlt
ug]{nfO{ dfof ug'{;\ . pgLx?nfO{ ufnL gug'{;\ . pgLx? dfofsf ef]sf x'G5g\ eGg] ;RrfOnfO{ cfkm"
leq ;'/lIft ug'{;\ . ;Sg'x'G5 eg] bof ug'{;\ . Tof] eGbf km/flsnf] dg 5 eg] pgLx?sf] x]/larf/
ug'{;\ . ;fdfGo gful/s eP/ xf]Og, cfdf eP/ x]/ljrf/ ug'{;\ .
xf]Og, of] s'g} l;4fGt xf]Og . of] d]/f] cfˆgf] dfGotf xf] . d}n] dfG5]sf] lhGbuL ef]Ubf
lgl:sPsf] lgisif{ klg eGg ;Sg'x'G5 o;nfO{ . d}n] /fhgLltnfO{ 3[0ff gug'{sf] Pp6f lglZrt sf/0f
5 . d}n] To;nfO{ cToGt} glhsaf6 lgofn]sL 5' . d cfkm}+n] /fhgLlt ef]u]sL 5' . lxhf] d cfkm}+
/fhgLltsf] Pp6f rnfodfg cË lyPF . clxn] klg /fhgLlt;Fu d]/f] hLjg 3lgi6?kn] ufFl;Psf] 5 .
To;}n] d, tkfO{+ dfkm{t ;a};Fu cg'/f]w u5{' – /fhgLlt ug]{nfO{ dfof ug'{;\ . bof ug'{;\ . pgLx?nfO{
ufnL gug'{;\ .
lsg /] < x]g'{;\, pgLx?sf] hLjg cToGt} b'MvL x'G5 . ltgLx? lhGbuL xf]Og, gf6s
afFlr/x]sf x'G5g\ hlxn] klg . l;g]df x]g'{ ePsf] 5 < l;g]dfsf] hLjg s] s[lqd x'G5 < Tof] eGbf w]/}
s[lqd lhGbuL /fhgLlt ug]{x?n] ef]lu/x]sf x'G5g\ . ltgLx? Ps k|sf/sf bf; x'g\ – hf] cfkm\gf
nflu s]xL ug{ :jtGq 5}gg\ . ltgLx? kmut csf{sf nflu afFr]sf 5g\ . bf;sfnLg Oltxf;sf]
emNsf] lbg] Pp6f pkGof; 5 – cflbljb|f]xL . tkfO{+n] k9\g' ePsf] 5 < 5}g eg] k9\g';\ . ToxfF
UNofl8P6/x? 5g\ . xf], clxn]sf /fhg]tf eg]sf yf]/ax't To:t} UNofl8P6/x? x'g\ . c? :jtGqtfsf]
t s'/} 5f]8\gf];\ – ltgLx? cfkm\gf nflu ladf/L ;d]t x'g kfpb}gg\ . ltgLx? dg nfUbf uLt ufpg
kfpb}gg\ . ltgLx? OR5fPsf] nfpg kfpb}gg\ . vfg kfpb}gg\ . :jtGqtfk"j{s lx+88'n ug{ klg
kfpb}gg\ . Pp6f cb[Zo aGwgn] ltgLx?nfO{ :jxLg k|f0fLdf ?kfGtl/t ul/lbPsf] x'G5 . dfgf}
ltgLx? /]l8of] x'g\ / sfg lgdf]l7g] lalQs} ltgLx?n] aHg yfNg' k5{ .
of] a]sf/sf] s'/f] xf] . oft tkfO{+ a'em krfO/xg' ePsf] 5 of tkfO{n] /fhgLltnfO{ k6Ss}
a'em\g' ePsf] 5}g . oyfy{df /fhgLltdf dflg; ;af{lws k/tGq x'G5 . ;+u7gdf a;]kl5 tkfO{+n]
cfkm\gf OR5fx?nfO{ ;+u7gsf] OR5fsf] clwg:y /fVg}k5{ . tkfO{+sf n]Vg], af]Ng], lx+88'n ug]{ xsx?
Pp6f ;Ldf/]vf leq rnv]n ug{ afWo x'G5g\ . ladf/L eP/ nl8/x]sf] a]nf tkfO{+nfO{ e]6\g cfpg]
hgtf ;fd" lslrSs bfFt b]vfP/ xfF:g tkfO{+n] afWo x'g'k5{ . cem clxn] of] r'gfjsf] /fhgLlt z'?
ePkl5 t /fhgLlt ug]{ dfG5] dWoo'uLg bf;df ?kfGtl/t ePsf] 5 . /fhgLlt ug]{sf ;a} …dÚx?
d'bf{ ePsf 5g\ . ltgsf v'zLx?df v8]/L k;]sf] 5 . ltgsf v'§fx?df g]n 7f]lsPsf 5g\ . ltgsf
jrgx?df tfNrf dfl/Psf] 5 . To;}n] ltgLx? …lar/fÚdf cg'jfb ePsf 5g\ .
tkfO{+nfO{ yfxf 5 < dfG5] clgR5fOPsf] 7fpFaf6 /fhLgfdf u/]/ cfˆgf] hLjg lhpg :jtGq
x'G5 . hlt;'s} rsf]{ / cK7\of/f] hflu/ eP klg /fhLgfdf lbO;s]kl5 AolQm km'Ssf x'G5 . t/
/fhgLltaf6 t tkfO{+ /fhLgfdf klg ug{ kfpg' x'Gg . /fhgLlt 5f]8]sf] ef]lnkN6 tkfO{+n] lvof
nfu]sf kmnfd] ;'O/fx?sf] k|xf/ vKg yfNg'k5{ / lsg /fhgLltsf] hflu/ vfP5' lg eg]/ cfkm}+nfO{
lwSsfg'{ k5{ . To;}n] /fhgLlt jt{dfg / eljio b'a}sf nflu oftgfbfoL Uof; RofDa/ aG5 .
/fhgLlt ug]{x?sf] zflGt d[To'kl5 dfq k|fKt x'G5 . To;}n] /fhgLltdf d[To' sfdgf, k'hfsf]
cy{df ln+bf klg x'G5 .
 /fhgLltdf wgdfgsf] s'/f] a]sf/sf] lgisif{ xf] . 7uL cfkm}+df Pp6f k]zf xf] / Tof] ;j{q
x'G5 . Aofkf/df 7uL x'G5 . k|zf;gdf 7uL x'G5 . lzIffdf 7uL x'G5 . :jf:Yodf 7uL x'G5 . ofqfdf
7uL x'G5 . af]nLdf klg 7uL x'G5 . oxfF;Dd ls wd{ / dlGb/x?df klg 7uL x'G5 . Tolt k/ lsg
hfg'x'G5 < kl/jf/d} 7uL x'G5 . bfh'n] efOnfO{ 7lu/x]sf] x'G5, lbbLn] alxgLnfO{ 7lu/x]sf] x'G5 . s]
d}n] c;To eg]+ < xf] 7Ls} eGg'eof] – c+zsf] emu8f, ;f+wsf] emu8f cfTdLox? aLrsf] 7uLsf Ho'+bf
pbfx/0f x'g\ . 7uL o;/L ;fj{lqs e}/x]sf] cj:yfdf /fhgLlt s;/L To;af6 d'Qm /xg ;S5 <
/fhgLltdf 7uL x'G5 / Tof] 7uL cGoq h;/L g} :jefljs 9Ëaf6 x'G5 . t/ ;fj{lqs rl/q af]s]sf]
of] 7uLsf cfwf/df /fhgLlt g} 7uL xf] eGg] lgisif{ lgsfNg kfOb}g . clxn], /fhgLltnfO{ ;kmn
Aoj;fo dflgPs} a]nfdf klg /fhgLlt 7uL xf]Og . Tof] Pp6f bfloTj xf] / w]/}n] Tof] bfloTj k'/f
ul//x]s} 5g\ . To;}n] /fhg]tfx? 7u eP eg]/ /fhgLlt ug]{sf lj?4 ljt[i0ffsf] t/sf/L af/L
nufpg' dfG5]sf nflu plrt x'+b}g .
7ux? gePsf] s'g} Pp6f k]zf, Joj;fo cyjf ;d'bfosf] gfd lbg ;Sg'x'G5 < ;Sg'x'Gg .
lsgeg] b'lgofdf 7uL/lxt s]xL x'+b}g . lzIffdf t gSsnL k|df0fkqx? aG5g\ eg] c? s'g g}lts
If]qsf] s'/f ug'{x'G5 <
of] d k6Ss} dflGbg / o;sf nflu d 306f}+;Dd ax; ug{ tof/ 5' . clxn] ;a} kf6L{df
u/]/ slt dflg;x? /fhgLltdf k"0f{?kn] ;s[o 5g\ < Ps xhf/ < b'O xhf/ < ls rf/ xhf/ < clg
eGg';\, 7uLdf slt dflg;x? ;s[o 5g\ < Ps ;o < b'O ;o < ls rf/ ;o < tkfO{+ lgikIf eP/
x]g'{;\ – /fhgLlt ug]{x?sf] bz k|ltzt klg 7uLnfO{ k]zf agfP/ nflu/x]sf] 5}g . cGoq s] bz
k|ltzt 7ux? 5}gg\ < hxfF hfg';\, ToxfF bz k|ltzt 7u x'g'nfO{ yf]/} dflgG5 . clg s;/L tkfO{+
l;Ëf] /fhgLltnfO{ 7uLdf cg'jfb ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 <
d]/f] ljrf/df /fhgLlt, dfG5]nfO{ rnfodfg /fVg] Pp6f k|s[of xf] / dfG5]sf] ultzLntfsf
nflu g} xfdL ;a}n] /fhgLltnfO{ hLjgsf] cË dfGg' k5{ . xf] rnfodfg x'g] k|s[ofsf] clGtd 6'+uf]
/fhgLlt rflx+ xf]Og . To:tf w]/} 7fpFx? 5g\ . x/]sn] To:tf] k|s[ofsf] vf]hL cfkm}+ u5{g\ . sf]xL
v]nf8L aG5g\, sf]xL lzIfs of k|fWofks aG5g\, sf]xL sd{rf/L aG5g\, sf]xL aGba]kf/df nfU5g\ .
sf]xL ;flxTosf/ aG5g\ clg sf]xL kqsf/ x'G5g\ . dfG5], cfˆgf] JolQmTjsf] phf{ vlr{gsf nflu
rnfodfg x'g] k|s[ofsf] vf]hL u5{g\ . d :jon] rnfodfg x'g'sf] cy{ /fhgLlt eGbf aflx/ vf]h]+ .
To;}n] d}n] /fhgLltnfO{ cfˆgf] hLjg ;+rfngsf] k2tL agfO/xg' cfjZos 7flgg / of] Aoj;fo
lt/ nfu]+ .
dnfO{ o:tf] s'/fdf ljZjf; nfUb}g . d}n] ef/tsf] klg e|d0f u/]sL 5}g . To;}n] d}n]
ljZjsf s'g} Aoj:yf b]v]sL 5}g eGbf x'G5 . To:tf] xf]Og . l;nu9L of hf]uagL of nvgp hfFbf d
7luPsL 5' . t/ tL zx/x?df 7lug] lalQs} ax'bnLo Aoj:yf 7ux?sf] Aoj:yf xf] eGg t ldn]g
lg Û 7Ls} eGg'eof], d xËsË hfg] u5'{ . ToxfF d ck]Iffs[t zflGt klg b]V5' . dflg;x? cfkm}+df
Ao:t ePsf] b]Vbf /dfp5' . t/ TolQsf cfwf/df k"+hLjfbL Aoj:yfdf zflGt x'G5 eGg klg d
;lSbg . oyfy{df d'n'sdf rn]sf ljleGg Aoj:yfdf s] /fd|f 5g\ / s] g/fd|f 5g\ eg]/ d lgisif{
lgsfNg ;lSbg . Tof] d]/f] sfd klg xf]Og . t/ d]/f] AolQmut cg'ejdf Aoj:yf cfkm}+df ;a}yf]s
x]fOg . Pp6f ;+:s[lt, Pp6f ;+:sf/n] Aoj:yfnfO{ k|efljt kfl//x]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] Aoj:yf eGbf
cufl8 d'n'ssf] ;+:s[lt / ;+:sf/sf] d"Nof+sg ul/g' k5{ . d tkfO{+nfO{ cfkm\g} cg'ej ;'gfp+ <
Psrfln; ;fndf d'n'sdf lg/+s'z k+rfotL Joj:yf lyof] . d Tof] Aoj:yfsf] lj?4 ;s[otfk"j{s
vl6/x]sL Pp6L sfo{stf{ lyPF . ljkl/t dgl:yltdf /x+bf /x+b} klg d}n] :s"n rnfpg yfn]+ . d}n]
:s"n ;+rfng ubf{ /fHoaf6 g k|f]T;fxg kfPF, g dnfO{ Tof] sfd ug{af6 s;}n] /f]Sof] . cfˆgf] sfd
ug{ d :jtGq lyPF . )$^ ;fndf 7"nf] cfGbf]ng eof] . d}n] klg cfGbf]ngdf efu lnPF . t/
To;kl5 klg d]/f], d]/f] :s"nsf] / /fHosf] ;DaGw lxhf]sf] eGbf km/s ePg . /fhgLltaf6 cnu
/x]sf] ;Gbe{df, d AolQmsf nflu cyjf Pp6L :s"n ;+rflnsfsf nflu )$^ ;fn cufl8 /
k5fl8sf] cj:yf lans'n p:t} /x\of] . cx+, st} s'g} km]/abn d}n] ef]lug . d]/f] :s"nn] kl/jt{g
ef]u]g .
 ca eGg';\, Aoj:yf :jod\df sxfF clGtd ;To x'+bf] /x]5 / < olb Aoj:yf g} ;a}yf]s x'GYof]
eg] d}n] lg/+s'ztfsf] sfndf x08/ kfpg' kg]{ / ax'bn cfPkl5 ;xh ;'ljwf kfpg' kg]{ xf]Og <
t/ d}n] sxL+ o:tf] ef]lug . d / :s"nsf] ;Gbe{df eGg'x'G5 eg], )$^ ;fn cl3 klg d]/f] d'vdf
s;}n] tfNrf nfPsf] lyPg, :s"n ;+ul7t ug{df dnfO{ s;}n] /f]s]sf] lyPg eg] )$^ ;fnkl5 klg
Tof] eGbf leGg cj:yf d]/f nflu pTkGg ePg . gofF Aoj:yf cg'e"t ug]{ s'g} yk k|f]T;fxg d}n]
kfOg .
/, d h:tf nfvf}+ dflg;x? of] d'n'sdf 5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ Aoj:yf kl/jt{gn] s'g} c;/
kf/]sf] 5}g .
tkfO{+ g} eGg';\, of] Joj:yf kl/jt{gn] ls;fgx?sf] hLjgdf slQsf] cGt/ NofPsf] 5 <
d}n] eg]sf] ef}lts hLjgs} s'/f xf] . s] Aoj:yfn] pgLx?nfO{ lxhf] eGbf yk s]xL lbPsf] 5 < s]
/fHo x'g'sf] cg'e"lt pgLx?n] lxhf] eGbf yk s]xL kfPsf 5g\ < s] cfkm" ;fj{ef}d ePsf] s'/fnfO{
pgLx?sf] Aojxf/n] :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 < cx+, clxn];Dd To;sf] wldnf] pHofnf] klg p;n] ;F'Wg
kfPsf] 5}g .
ls;fgsf] dfq} lsg s'/f ug]{ /] < clg s;sf] ug]{ < c8\8f cbfnt wfpg]n] lxhf] eGbf s]
leGgtf dx;'; u/]sf] 5 < lxhf] klg 3'; glbO sfd x'+b}gYof], cfh klg Tof] lbg} k5{ . lxhf] klg
gftfuf]tf / lrghfgsf cfwf/df km};nfx? x'Gy], cfh klg ToxL e}/x]sf] 5 . lxhf] klg eG;f/df
7uL x'GYof], cfh klg e}/x]sf] 5 . lxhf] klg sfof{nox?df sfd x'+b}gYof], cfh klg x'+b}g . ca
eGg';\, cfd gful/ssf nflu Aoj:yf kl/jt{gsf] cy{ s] e]l6Psf] 5 <
xf], /fhgLlt ug]{x?nfO{ Aoj:yf kl/jt{gsf] cg'e"lt ePsf] 5 . lxhf] ;ef, ;+u7g ug{
kfOb}gYof] . h'n'; lgsfNg kfOb}gYof] . klqsf 5fKg kfOb}gYof] . clxn] tL ;a ug{ kfOPsf] 5 .
lxhf] af]Ng] lalQs} em\ofnvfgdf s'+lhg' kYof]{, clxn] h] af]n] klg ;8sdf 3'Dg kfOG5 . t/ of]
kl/jt{gsf] ;fy{stf ;dfhdf s;/L :yflkt ePsf] 5 < /fhgLlt ug]{x?sf] hLjgdf cfPsf]
kl/jt{gn] ;dfhdf kl/jt{gsf] cg'e"lt s;/L k|bfg u/]sf] 5 < o;nfO{ tkfO{+n] s]nfpg' ePsf] 5 <
dfG5]x? AolQmTj ljsf;sf] cf};/sf] s'/f] klg u5{g\ . Tof] klg t Aojxf/d} k|dfl0ft x'g'k¥of]
. s] lxhf] AolQmTj ljsf;sf cf};/x? lyPgg\ . dflg;x? k|fWofks ePs} lyP . dflg;x? ;lrj /
dGqL klg ePs} lyP . dflg;x? dfggLo ePsf lyP . :s"n v'n]sf lyP . lSnlgs v'n]sf lyP .
SofDk; v'n]sf lyP . lxhf] AolQmTj ljsf;sf] cf};/ k6Ss} lyPg eg]/ s;/L eGg ldN5 < clg
clxn] JolQmTj ljsf;sf ljlzi6 cf};/x? s] s] k|bfg ul/Psf 5g\ eg]/ k|Zg ubf{ kfOg] ;sf/fTds
pQ/ s:tf] x'G5 < lxhf]nfO{ hLjgsf] Pp6f kf6f]df /fv]/ cfh;Fu t'ngf ubf{ AolQmTj ljsf;sf] yk
cf};/x?nfO{ s;/L v'6\ofpg ;lsG5 <
jt{dfgsf] hLjgdf s]xL kfOb}g eGg] /fhgLlt ug]{x?nfO{ yfxf 5 . pgLx? kl/jt{gsf]
;Gb]z 5g{ ;Sb}gg\ eGg] klg pgLx?nfO{ g} yfxf 5 . hLjgnfO{ cfGbf]ng agfpg g;lsg]
e};lsPsf] 5 eGg] klg pgLx?sf] 1fgdf 5 . dfu]/ hLjg lhpg] lgis[o / csd{0o ;+:s[ltnfO{
cfGbf]ngdf 9fNg bzfAbLsf] ldlxg]t rflxG5 eGg] klg pgLx?nfO{ yfxf 5 . ;fdflhs bfloTjsf]
efjgf hLjgz}nL gag]sf] d'n'sdf h:tf];'s} Aoj:yf cfP klg Tof] c;kmn x'G5 eGg] klg
pgLx?nfO{ yfxf 5 .
o:tf] cGof}nk"0f{ cj:yfdf klg x/]; gvfOsg /fhgLlt ug]{x?nfO{ To;} x'gfn] dfof ug'{k5{
eGg] d]/f] cfu|x xf] . ;a{q c+Wof/f] 5 / pHofnfsf lgsf;x? y'lgPsf 5g\ . dfgf}+ d'n's Pp6f ulx/f]
lgsf;/lxt u'kmfdf 9'gd'lgPsf] 5 / dflg;x? cfkm}+leq x/fPsf 5g\ . To:tf] cj:yfdf d'n'snfO{
Tof] u'kmfaf6 aflx/ lgsfNg ;lsG5 ls egL /GylgPsf /fhg]tfx?nfO{ dfof gug{ s;/L ;lsG5 <
o;df s'g} cGt/lj/f]w 5}g . cfkm"nfO{ /fhgLltsf] hLjg gagfP/ klg /fhgLlt ug]{x?nfO{
dfof / ;xof]u ug'{sf aLrdf s'g} cGt/lj/f]w 5}g . hf]sf]xL klg Tof] sfd ug{;S5 / hf]sf]xLn] klg
Tof] sfd ug'{k5{ h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 . /fhgLlt ug]{x? ;Gtfg x'g\ / xfdL aflx/ a:g]x? cfdf xf}+ .
;Gtfgsf] pHofnf] eljiosf nflu cfdfn] lrGtf lng] / ;xof]u h'6fpg] b'a} sfdx? ug'{k5{ .
 cgf}7f] k|Zg ug'{eof] – To;f]eP /fhgLlt ug]{x? s] x'g\ < dnfO{ nfU5 – pgLx? afxs x'g\ .
cfkm"nfO{ ;Qf 7fGg]x? /fhgLlt ug]{ dfG5] xf]Ogg\ . cfkm"nfO{ 7"nf] 7fGg]x? klg /fhg]tf x]fOgg\ .
/fhgLltnfO{ Aofkf/ Aoj;fo dfGg]x? t emg} /fhg]tf xf]Ogg\ .
7Ls} eGg'eof] . /fhgLltnfO{ /fhgLltsf] yfGsf]df /fVg Aojxf/sf] kl/efiff rflxPsf] 5 . hf]
/fhg]tf xf], p;n] /fhg]tf g} x'g' k¥of] . /fHo ;+rfng eGbf aflx/sf] lrGtfaf6 p To;/L g} d'Qm
x'g' k¥of] h;/L xfdL h:tf u[x:yx? /fhgLltsf] lrGtfaf6 d'Qm ePsf 5f}+ . xfdL h;/L pgLx?nfO{
dfof ug]{ ;f]lr/x]sf 5f}+ – To;/L g} pgLx?n] xfdLnfO{ dfof ug]{ s'/f] ;f]Rg' k¥of] . xfdL h;/L
pgLx?nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ s'/f] ;f]lr/x]sf 5f}+ – To;/L g} pgLx?n] xfdLnfO{ ;xof]u k'/\ofpg] sfdsf]
vf]hL ug'{k¥of] .
x'g;S5 . To;kl5 /fhgLlt ;a}sf nflu dfgsf] yfg aGg;S5 .
d < cx+ . To:tf] cj:yfdf klg d /fhgLltdf kmls{g] ;Defjgf 5}g . oBlk dflg;nfO{
cfˆgf] eljio yfxf x'+b}g elgG5 . t/ d Totf ghfg ;Sbf] sf]lzz ul//xg]5' . /fhgLlt ug]{x?nfO{
dfof ug{ / ;xof]u ug{df ;Lldt /x]/ d cfkm"nfO{ cfkm\g} 7fpFdf pEofpg] sf]lzz ul//xg]5' .
d ;'lDgdf x'+ . To;}n] d >[i6L x'+ . d >[i6L/;n] wtL{nfO{ l;+lrt ul//xg rfxG5' . cyf{t, d
;'lDgdf leq} /dfpg rfxG5' .

) ) )

pvfgx? w]/} kfOG5g\ . :ofn s/fp+b} u5{, xflQ nlDs+b} u5{ elgG5 . vfg] d'vnfO{ h'+3fn]
5]Sb}g klg elgG5 . t/ hLjg s] o:t} x'G5 < cx+, x'+b}g . x'G5 eGg klg x'+b}g . dfG5] s;/L lgik[x
/xg ;S5 / < hLjg eg]sf] /dLtf t xf]Og . Tof] lhpg' xf] . afFRg'nfO{ tkfO{+ /ldtf agfpg
;Sg'x'Gg . To;nfO{ tkfO{+n] ef]ufO agfpg' k5{ . ha hLjg ef]ufOdf ?kfGtl/t x'G5, To;kl5 :ofn
s/fpg yfNg] lalQs} xflQsf] nDsfOdf Pp6f a|]s nfluxfN5 . Tof] nds nds ul//xg ;Sb}g . xf],
Aof6«Laf6 lx+8\g] xflQ agfpg' eof] eg] :ofnsf] x'O{+of g;'g]/} Tof] nlDs/xnf . xf]Og, tkfO{+n] hLljt
xflQsf ;Gbe{df :ofnsf] s/fOsf] rrf{ ug'{ePsf] xf] eg] xflQ g/f]lsO{ ;'v} 5}g . xflQ Psl5g
/f]lsG5 . PskN6 To;n] l7Ë pleP/ cf]l/kl/ x]5{ . clg dfq} xflQn] cfˆgf] ;'+9 / kfOnfnfO{ cufl8
a9fp5 .
xf], To;} cy{df :ofn s/fpg' / xflQ nlDsg'nfO{ pvfgdf cg'jfb ug]{ xf] eg], Tof] sfd ug{
;lsG5 . cln cln bxL nfu] klg h'+3fn] vfg] d'vnfO{ 5]Sb}g eGg] ;TonfO{ klg o;} cy{df lng
;lsG5 .
g9f+6L eGg'x'G5 eg] dnfO{ o; k|;Ëdf s;};Fu s'/f ug{ dg nfUb}g . au}+rfdf km"n
km'n]kl5sf] cfgGb dx;'; ul//x+bf s;}n] 6fpsfdf 9'+ufn] lxsf{P h:tf] nfU5 of] k|;Ë p7\bf Û d
slxn]sfxL+ ;f]R5' – d lkgf e}lbp+ / of] k|;Ësf] rrf{ cfkm}+df sfu e}lbcf];\ . To;kl5 sfu s/fp+b}
uYof]{ / lkgf ;'ls/xGYof] . t/ To:tf] sxfF x'+bf] /x]5 / < hLjg lrtfP hlt ;lhnf] x'+bf] /x]g5 .
w]/} dfG5]nfO{ csf{sf] ;'v / ;d[4L kRb}g eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . dfG5], To:tf] a]nfdf
cfˆgf] cof]UotfnfO{ ;lDemP/ 56kl6G5, a6fl/G5 / cfqmf]; cf]sNg yfN5 . cfkm\g} lhpg' ef/L
ePkl5 p c?sf] hLjgnfO{ klg ef/L agfpg rfxG5 . of] cToGt} ;xh k|s[of xf] . dfG5]sf]
cfqmf];, p;sf] cof]Uotf, p;sf] c;Ifdtf / p;sf] lgis[otfaf6 hlGdG5 .
xf]Og, xf]Og . d}n] s;}nfO{ k|df0fkq lbPsf] xf]Og . d}n] cfkm\g} lrQ a'emfpg o:tf] lgisif{
lgsfn]sL x'+ . dnfO{ nfU5 – d ;xh hLjg latfpg rfxG5' . ;xh hLjg latfpg]n] c?;Fu cfˆgf]
t'ngf ub}{gg\ . cfˆgf] h] 5, To;}df ;Gt'i6L vf]Hb5g\ / c;Gt'i6L lgsfNg} k¥of] eg] klg cfkm}+
leqaf6 c;Gt'i6L vf]tNb5g\ . dnfO{ o:tf] nfU5 / d o;} ul//lx5' . tkfO{+nfO{ d ;fFRrf] s'/f egf}+
< cfˆgf] k]zfdf d eGbf w]/} dfly uPsfx?nfO{ d}n] b]v]sL 5' . d]/f]n] eGbf w]/} sdfpg] :s"nx? d}n]
e]6]sL 5' . d]/f ;fyLx? d eGbf bf]Aa/ t]Aa/ sdfO/x]sf 5g\ eGg] d ;lhn} rfn kfp5' . t/ d
Tof] sdfO;Fu t'ngf ul/g rfxGg . d cfˆgf] dgnfO{ Tof] t'ngflt/ n}hfg} rfxGg . pxfFx?sf] sdfO
pxfFx?sf] 7fpFdf 7Ls 5 – d}n] sdfPsf] d]/} 7fpFdf 7Ls 5 . pxfFx?n] uf8L lsGg' ePsf] 5 . Tof]
/fd|f] xf] . pxfFx?n] ;of}+ /f]kgL hUuf lsGg' ePsf] 5 . Tof] emg /fd|f] xf] . pxfFx?n] 7"n 7"nf ejgx?
agfpg' ePsf] 5 . Tof] t stf xf] stf /fd|f] xf] . pxfFx?sf] ljBfyL{ ;+Vof klg d]/f] eGbf w]/} dfly
5 . Tof] klg cToGt} /fd|f] xf] . d]/f] To:tf] 5}g / d To:tf] gxf];\ eGg] klg rfxG5' . d]/f] rfxgf
;fx|} ;Lldt 5 . d}n] kf6L{df sfd ug]{ ;fyLx?nfO{ 5f]/f 5f]/L k9fOlbP/ ;xof]u u/]sL 5' . d}n] snf
/ ;flxTosf ;fwsx?nfO{ ;x'lnot k|bfg u/]/ ;xof]u u/]sL 5' . d To;nfO{ hLljt /fVg rfxG5' .
xf], d :s"nsf] Pp6f 3/ agfOlbg rfxG5' . cleefjsx?nfO{ clnslt klg si6 glbOsg,
;fyLefO{nfO{ s'g} af]em glbOsg / s'g} ;+:yf;Fu rGbf gdflusg d :s"nsf] 3/ agfpg rfxG5' .
d]/f] :s"nsf] s'g} klg sIffdf k}+lt; hgf eGbf a9L ljBfyL{ gxf]pg\ eGg] d rfxG5' . lsg < lsgeg]
dnfO{ ToxL /fd|f] nfU5 . tkfO{+ o;nfO{ d]/f] Joj:yfklso r]tgf klg dfGg ;Sg'x'G5 cyjf o;nfO{
tkfO{+n] d]/f] cof]Uotf 7fGg' eP klg x'G5 . tkfO{+n] o;nfO{ h'g ljz]if0f lbP klg d]/f] k|ltjfb x'g]
5}g . lsgeg] dnfO{ yfxf 5 – d tkfO{+ xf]Og / tkfO{+ d xf]Og .
;a} o;}u/L ;Gt'i6 e}lbP slt /fd|f] x'+bf] xf] < t/ o:tf] x'+b}g . of] d]/f] dgsf] n8\8' dfq xf]
. dfG5]sf] dgnfO{ c?sf] 3/df lrofpg a9L cfgGb nfUbf] /x]5 . cfˆgf] 3/sf] r'nfdf v/fgL geP
klg dfG5]nfO{ csf{sf] r'nfdf bfp/f hf]/]sf] 5 ls 5}g eg]/ b"/aLg af]Sg dg kbf]{/x]5 .
xf]Og, lbSbf/ x'g], x}/fg x'g] ;a} l;+9Lx? d]/f nflu ;dfKt e};s]sf 5g\ . xf], Pp6f vf;
sfn lyof] – bh{gf}+ /fIf;x?n] dnfO{ sf]tl//x]sf 5g\ ls eg]/ d /ftdf klg tl;{Gy]+ . lsg d}n]
afFRg kfPsf]df c?sf] dgdf cfl/; pld|G5 eg]/ d dWo/ftdf cfkm}+nfO{ ;f]Wy]+ / cfkm}+;Fu 8/fpy]+ .
d}n] s;}sf] hf}af/L pv]n]sL 5}g, km]l/ klg d]/} 3/df cfuf] nfpg dfG5]nfO{ lsg /x/ nfu]sf] xf]nf
eg]/ d 3f]lTnGy]+ .
d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ lxhf]sf] cWofodf Pp6f ;Gbe{sf] rrf{ ;'gfPsL lyPF . tkfO{+n] slQsf] Vofn
ug'{eof] < To;sf] rrf{ ul/;Sg' eof] < eP klg s]xL 5}g . s]xL s]xL ljifox? bf]xf]l/P eg] klg
lau|L xfNb}g . To;}n] To;nfO{ PskN6 km]l/ bf]xf]/\ofpg' xf]nf . d}n] lxhf] eg]sL lyPF lg – hLjgdf
;a} k]zfsf] /flhgfdf kl5 ;'v kfOG5, t/ /fhgLltsf] /flhgfdf kl5 ;'v kfOGg . xf] d]/f] hLjgdf
klg To:t} eof] . z'?df, :s"n rNg yfn]kl5 dnfO{ a]:;/L v]lbof] . d}n] ;'Gof g;'Go} u/]+ . d
;'ljwfef]uL agfOPF, d hgtf lj/f]wL agfOPF, oltdfq xf]Og d qmflGt la/f]wL ePsf] 3f]if0f} ug]{x?
klg lgl:sP . clg d tkfO{+nfO{ Pp6f /dfOnf] ;Demf}6f] ;'gfp+ < klxnf]kN6 d qmflGt lj/f]wL eP/
k};f sdfpg] af6f]df nfu]sf] cf/f]k nfpg] ;fyLx? clxn] /fhgLltnfO{ kLr ;8sdf kf]v]/ 7]Ssfk§f
ul//x]5g\ . ;8ssf] 7]Ssfk§fsf] cy{ tkfO{+ a'em\g' x'G5 lg xf]Og < g]kfndf ;a}eGbf a9L e|i6frf/
x'g] 7fpF eG;f/ dflgG5 Sof / < t/ ;8s, eG;f/sf] klg xh'/afp xf] . tkfO{+nfO{ yfxf lyPg /] <
o:tf] ;fdfGo s'/f] klg yfxf x'+b}g st} < t/ clxn] d ;8sdf hfGg . lsgeg] ;8s xfd|f]
5nkmnsf] ljifo xf]Og .
h] eP klg d}n] ;dosf] kfË||f]df a]l/+b} cfkm" dfly cf]Ol/Psf] cfqmd0f l5dn]+ . t/ lt/x?
sxfF PSn} cfpbf /x]5g\ / < tL t jlif{g kf] yfNbf /x]5g\ . lxGbL l;l/onsf] dxfef/t x]g'{ePsf] 5 <
ch'{g / eLidsf] tf+bf]af6 5'6]sf lt/x?n] lbuGt 9fs]sf] b[io 5 lg Û dfG5] dflysf] cfqmd0f klg
To;} u/L lbuGt 9fSg k'Ubf] /x]5 . ltgLx? emg{ yfn]kl5 o:tf] nfUbf] /x]5 – dfgf}+ avf{sf] kfgLn]
kxf8 emfl//x]sf] xf];\ . x\jf// === x\jf// === . sd]/] df6f]sf] kxf8 klg sxfF To;/L cf]Ol/g Eofp+bf]
xf] / < To;/L aUg yfNof] ljkQLsf] l9:sf] . Pp6f kG5fof] – csf]{ cfOxfN5 . To;nfO{ ;f]xf]/]/
km\of+Sof] . km]l/ csf]{ eml/xfN5 . To;nfO{ klg lsgf/ nfpg EofOPsf] x'+b}g – csf]{ vl;xfN5 .
jfSs eP/ To;kl5 d}n] kmf]xf]/ kG5fpg} 5f]l8lbPF . kl5 kl5 t Tof] kmf]xf]/ lt/ kmls{P/
lkRr y'Sg klg dnfO{ clN5 nfUg yfNof] . h'g lbg d}n] y'Sg ;d]t clN5 dfg]+ – cgf}7f] t/Lsfn]
ToxL lbgb]lv d]/f] z/L/ xn'Ëf] eof] . To;kl5 t ufnLx? klg d]/f nflu km"nsf k|xf/ h:tf nfUg
yfn] . d}n] Pp6f kf7 l;s]+ – dfG5]sf] egfOdf sfg glbg' g} lhGbuLsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;'v /x]5 .
s:tf < v} s:tf, s:tf < km'naf6 e/v/} lgl:sP/ kfgLdf tlGO/x]sf 3g6fps] h:tf . s]
/] < 3g6fps] s] xf] yfxf 5}g . xQ]l/sf Û avf{sf] ofddf hd]sf] kfgLdf x]g'{;\ . n]bf] h:tf
Eofu'tfsf km'nx? b]lvg yfn]kl5 lbglbg} ltgnfO{ lgofNg yfNg';\ . ToxL km'naf6 lg:sG5g\
3g6fps]x? Û s'?k . lbªldª\ofpg] . dg} e/Ë kfg]{ . a}/fu pu]Nofpg] === .
t}klg v} s] eGg] / < dnfO{ nfU5, 3g6fps] lt/x? d eGbf a9L d]/f] >Ldfg lt/ nlIft
lyP . To;}n] cvaf/df 5flkGy] – kmnfgf] af]l8{Ë :s"n vf]n]/ wg sdfP/ a;]sf] 5 . z'? z'?df t
dnfO{ v'a} l/; p7\Yof] . n]Vg]n] klg hfg]/ n]Vg' lg eGg] nfUYof] . slxn]sfxL+ n]Vg]sf bfFt w]/}
eP5g\ ls Sof xf] h:tf] nfUYof] .
s;/L s'6\g' x'G5 /] Û dfG5]nfO{ s'6\g s'g cfOtaf/ klv{g' k5{ / < 3'dfP/ na6fn] bGsfof],
lar/f] P]of klg eGg kfpb}g .
d}n] < dfG5] gs'6\of eP s'6\g] cfF6 sxfFaf6 cfpYof] < d t s'6\y]+ . w]/} s]6fn] d]/f] xftsf]
na6f] vfO;s]sf 5g\ . xf]Og, xf]Og . s]6fs]6Lsf] a]nfsf] s'/} xf]Og . a? s]6fs]6Ldf s;}nfO{ s'l6Pg
xf]nf . :s"ndf t d}n] s]6fx?nfO{ sf]/f{n] klg lxsf{PsL 5' . SofDk;df klg xfg]+ . kl5 ;fx|} v]b]kl5
Pp6f ufnLkl08tnfO{ s'6\g p;sf] 3/d} k'u]sL lyPF . lar/f] y/// sfDof] . dfkm dfUof] . xf];\ x}
8/5]?jfnfO{ eg]/ 5f]l8lbPF . kl5 sqf] aa08/ p7\of] . d]/f] >Ldfgn] s'6\g k7fPsf] eg]/ ;dfrf/}
ag]5 . >Ldfg df/ l/;fpg' eof] . …ltd]/sf] xft lrnfp+bf d]/f] k|lti7f lrnfp+5Ú eg]/ xsfg'{ eof] .
To;kl5 rflx+ dfG5] s'6\g d]/f xft p7]sf 5}gg\ .
;a} 8/fp5g\ . tkfO{+nfO{ eg'+ < PskN6 agkfn]n] d]/f] afnfO{ ;fx|} ;tfP . s]xL ubf{ lg
gx'g] . b'Mv lbof 5 , 5 . slxn] sf7sf] aft nfpg] clg slxn] c/fli6«otTjsf] t;f]{ b]vfpg] .
pgLx?nfO{ rflxg] rflx+ xfd|f] s'v'/f . 3/el/ s'v'/f kmfnfkmfn lyP . b'O rf/ k6s t afn] cf x},
vfpg\ lar/fn], s'v'/fsf] d'v} b]Vg kf xf]Ogg\ xf]nf eg]/ bof b]vfpg' eof] . kl5 kl5 t klNsP5g\
kf] df]/fx? Û xfdL lbbLa}gLnfO{ lgs} lbgb]lv l/; p7]sf] lyof] . t/ af cfdf x'+bf x'+b} xfdL lsg hfGg]
x'g] eg]/ r'k} nfu]sf lyof}+ .
Pslbg t a]km\jf+sdf h+unsf] sf7sf] aft nfP/ klqmG5' kf] eGg yfn] P Û aflx/ rsf]{ 3fd
nfu]sf]n] xfdL 3/sf] a/08fdf a;]/ uGyg ul//x]sf lyof}+ . cfugdf ltgLx? rf/ hgf lyP / af
cfdfnfO{ t;f{pb} lyP . af ;Demfpg vf]Hb} x'g'x'GYof] – pgLx? rsf]{ rsf]{ s'/f ug{ yfn] . afn] ca
b'O6f s'v'/f lbg' x'g] ef] x} eg]/ xfdL xfF:of}+ . geGb} afn] b'O6f s'v'/f n}hfcf], xNnf gu/ elgxfNg'
eof] . dfGb}gg\ t P 7]6\gfx? Û rf/f]6} rflxG5 kf] eGg yfn] . nfh z/d klg x'g'k5{ lg dfG5]df Û
xfd|f] 6fpsf] tfltOxfNof] . e/\ofËaf6 xfd kmfNb} cfFugdf em/\of}+ . cfFugdf sf7sf] csfn lyPg .
;dfTof}+ lrk{6 . lbbLn] klxnf]nfO{ n8fpg' eof] . Pp6f d]/f] lrk{6 vfPkl5 9'gd'lgb} k}gLsf] l8ndf
k5fl/of] . a}gLn] Pp6fnfO{ lrk{6n] s] xfg]sL lyO, b'a} hgf wfOkmn 7f]s] . af, æP, 5f]/L xf], s]
u/]sf] < 5f]8\b]cf] . dnf{g\Æ eGb} x'g'x'GYof] . xfdLn] uw{gdf ;dft]/ Pp6fnfO{ pEofP/ rf/ emfk8
nfof}+ .
s] x'GYof] < TolQs} l9;ld; eof] lg . kl5 t xfdL 5f]/Lx? 3/df 5f}+ eGg] yfxf kfPkl5
agkfn]x? cfpg} 5f]8] . cfdf afnfO{ ;Grf] ef] .
sfFaf6 sfF k'luof] xf]lu < km]l/ :s"nd} kmsf}{+ . x'G5 <
;a} lt/x? d]/f] >Ldfg lt/ nlIft lyP eg]/ d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ elgxfn]+ . pxfFnfO{ rflx+ x/]s
lt/n] kf]NYof] . slxn]sfxL+ pxfFsf] lk/f]nf] b]v]/ d /GylgGy]+ . h];'s} xf];\ – uP/ ahfOlbG5' h:tf]
nfUYof] . t/ Tof] s'/fn] pxfFs} abgfdL x'g] xf] eg]/ cfkm}+ ;DxflnGy]+ .
n]Vg klg ck/fwLn] ;Ld} gf3]/ n]v] . 8Ë'/ n]v] . ;a} n]vx? ;+u]n]/ /fv]sf] eP Ps b/fh
x'GYof] xf]nf . oxL :s"n b]vfP/ s]xLn] pxfFnfO{ lqmlZrog eof] eGg] 3f]if0ff u/] . s]xLn] g]kfnL
g6a/nfnn] :s"n vf]n]/ dfG5] 7lu/x]5 eg]/ n]v] . :s"n vf]n]/ 8n/sf] v]tL ul//x]5 eGg]x? klg
b]lvP . Pp6fn] t :s"naf6 t:s/L ul//x]5 klg elglbof] . o:tf egfO slt cfP cfP . clxn]
;lDemP/ ;fWo} 5}g .
vf; vf; 38Ldf pxfFnfO{ lt/n] a]:;/L 3f]r]kl5 pxfF /Gylgg' x'GYof] / nf} of] :s"n
5f]l8xfn eGg'x'GYof] . d]/f] hLjgdf Tof] 38L ;xL g;Sg'sf] lk8fdf ?dlnGYof] . Psflt/ :s"n
5f]8\g'sf] lrGtfn] d /GylgGy]+ eg] csf]{lt/ pxfFsf] dfgl;s oftgfn] dnfO{ em08} em08} ?jfpYof] .
Tof] vf; 38Ldf g d pxfFnfO{ ;Demfpg ;Sy]+, g cfkm}+nfO{ ;Demfpg] Ifdtf d;Fu afls /xGYof] .
tLg jif{ hlt d}n] of] lk8fsf] If0fnfO{ klg kf/ u/]sL 5' . cxf], tkfO{+ Tof] bf];fFwsf] kL8fnfO{ zJbdf
ptfg}{ ;Sg'x'Gg . slxnsfxL+ t o:tf] nfUof] – d[To' dflg;sf] OR5fdf e}lbPsf] eP hLjg slt
cfgGbbfos x'GYof] xf]nf <
t/ lxsf{p+bf lxsf{p+bf 5fnf dbf]{/x]5 . u}+8fsf] 5fnf eg]sf] zfob To:t} xf]nf . clxn] xfd|f]
xfnt To:t} ePsf] 5 . h];'s} xf];\, gla/fpg', g8/fpg' eg]/ xfdLn] cfˆgf] sfgdf ?jf sf]r]sf 5f}+ .
dg gk/]sf cIf/x? lsg x]g'{ eg]/ xfdLn] cfFvfdf rZdf nfPsf 5f}+ .
To;}n] clxn] xfdL ;'vL 5f}+ . ;Gt'i6 5f}+ .
 d]/f] cfbz{
a8f] uhasf] k|Zg ;f]Wg' eof] . xfd|f] 3/ 5]paf6 Pp6f vf]nf] aUYof] . xfdL Tof] vf]nfdf
v]Ng dg k/fpYof}+ . vf]nfsf] 5]pdf h?jf kfgLsf] Pp6f d'xfg lyof] . xfdL ToxL kfgL vfGYof}+ .
udL{sf ;]nfpg nfu]sf ;fFemx?df xfdL ToxL kfgLdf g'xfpYof}+ . cToGt} lztn kfgL lyof] Tof] .
cfsfzsf] rGb|dfn] xfdLnfO{ x]l//x]sf] 5 h:tf] nfUYof] . n'uf vf]n]/ g'xfpg xfdLnfO{ Tolt ;fx|f]
cK7\of/f] nfUb}gYof] . /ftdf p;} klg dfG5] cfpg] ;Defjgf sd} x'GYof] . To;dfly d t :s"ndf
k9\b}b]lv kf}8L k|ltof]lutfdf efu ln+b} cfPsL lyPF . cfdf / lbbLx? d}n] n'uf 5f]8fPsf] b]v]/ dnfO{
ufnL ug'{x'GYof] . d xfF:t} cem} vf]n'+ eGb} cfdf / lbbLnfO{ t;f{py]+ . cfdf hlxn] klg, of] 5f]/Ln]
slxn] ce/df kf5]{ eGb} s'/f 6fg'{ x'GYof] . lbbL, ca gfgL t+ s]6fs]6L 5}g;\, hlxn] klg SofDkdf
a:bfsf] a]xf]/f gb]vf eGg'x'GYof] .
dnfO{ Tof] vf]nfdf df5f dfg{ dg nfU5 . dnfO{ Tof] h?jf kfgLdf uP/ g'xfO/xg dg
nfU5 .
dg nfu]/ sxfF x'G5 / < clxn] Tof] vf]nf] xfd|f] k'/fgf] 3/ dflyaf6 alu/x]5 . lxhf] dnfO{
v]nfpg] vf]nf] kx|f/ ;fnsf] af9Lkl5 xfd|f] Hofgdf/f eof] . To;n] xfd|f] 3/ dfq aufPg, To;n]
xfd|f] Kof/f] h?jf kfgLnfO{ klg kftfn w;fO lbof] .
3/df vf]nf] k;]sf] ;fn d 3/ uPF . ?g dg nfUof]] . ToxfF xfd|f] /fd|f] 3/ lyof] . ;]tf]
sd]/f]n] lnk]sf] / pHofnf] l6g 7f]s]sf] Tof] 3/sf] a/08fdf l;/l;/ atf; rln/xGYof] . dnfO{ udL{
Hoft\ljbL kmfKb}g . To;}n] d a/08fdf ;'Ty]+ . /ftL /dfOnf] lgb|f nfUYof] . ToxfF ;'Tbf d k|foM ;kgf
klg b]lVbgy]+ . To:tf] 3/nfO{ b'O lbgsf] af9Ln] :jfQ} aufP/ nUof] . eGg';\ t, of] dg k5{ eg]/
x'?Ss x'g'sf] cy}{ s] x'+bf] /x]5 / <
dnfO{ 3'Dg dg nfU5 . t/ tkfO{+nfO{ egf}+ < d st} 3'd]sL 5}g . k};f sdfpg' eg]sf]
vlr{g' xf] . gvlr{g] xf] eg] k};f sdfpg'sf] cy}{ s] x'G5 / < To;}u/L k};f vlr{g d 3'Dg rfxG5' .
t/ rfxgfn] dfq s] x'+bf] /x]5 / < d sxL+ 3'Dg kfPsL 5}g . ljb]zsf] s] s'/f ug'{ < efOx?n] lgDtf
ubf{ d xËsË hfg] uy]{+ . k6s k6s cfjt hfjt ubf{ kl5 dnfO{ Tof] ljb]z nfUg klg 5f]8]sf]
lyof] . clxn] efOx?n] xËsË 5f]8]kl5 d]/f] ofqfsf] ltly klg gh'g]{ eof] . To;}n] xËsËsf]
hjfOnfO{ d}n] ofqf 7fg]sL 5}g . Tof] xfd|f] kfl/jfl/s ldngsf] ynf] lyof] . To;afx]ssf] ljb]z
eg]sf] d}n] sxL+ b]v]sL 5}g eg] klg x'G5 . l;lnu'8L / bflh{lnË uOG5 . bflh{lnËdf t cfkmGtx? g}
x'g'x'G5 . To;}n] a]nfdf}sfdf ToxfF hfg} k5{ . 3'Dg} eg]/ eGg'x'G5 eg], d )%$ ;fndf nvgf} uPsL
lyPF . dHhf cfPsf] lyof] . gafasf] e'ne'n}ofdf x/fP/ dfG5] af]nfpbf cfkm}+ /f]dflGrt ePsL lyPF .
a;\ . TolQ xf] 3'd]sf] .
s]n] /f]s]sf] 5 /] < klxn] cfdf x'g';\ . 3/sf] d'nL x'g';\ . tkfO{+n] cfkm}+ yfxf kfpg' x'G5 –
s]n] /f]S5 eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/ . tkfO{+ k'?if x'g'x'G5 . dx;'; ug}{ ;Sg'x'Gg . 3'Dg] t s'/} 5f]8\g';\ – d
dfOtLdf uP/ tLg lbg a:bf klg slxn]sfxL+ sxflNnG5' . d]/f] >Ldfgsf] vfgkLg 7Ls;Fun] e}/x]sf]
5 ls 5}g < d]/L 5f]/LnfO{ s]xL ePsf] t 5}g < d]/f :s"nsf gfgLx? /f]O/x]sf t 5}gg\ <
lhDd]jf/Lsf] kvf{nn] dnfO{+ a]:;/L c+r]6\5 .
xf]nf . lal;{g ;ls+bf] xf]nf . t/ d lal;{g ;lSbg . To;}n] dgdf ofqfsf] OR5f d8fl/O/x+bf
klg d st} 3'Dg hfg kfPsL 5}g .
 xf]Og, To:tf] w]/} 7fpF x]g]{ /x/ 5}g . dnfO{ ef/tsf s]xL 7fpFdf hfg] OR5f 5 . dfG5]x?
agf/;sf] s'/f u5{g\ . s:tf] xf]nf Tof] agf/; eg]/ d k|foM slNkO/xG5' . To;}n] PskN6 agf/;
hfg] OR5f 5 . PskN6 cfu/f hfg] /x/ 5 . PskN6 aDaO hfg] klg /x/ 5 .
l7s} eGg'ef] . oL 7fpFsf] gfd lng'sf kl5lNt/ s]xL vf; sf/0f 5g\ . agf/;nfO{ ;fx|} 7"nf]
7fG5g\ d}n] ;+ut u/]sf dflg;x? . To;}n] agf/; k|lt d]/f] dgdf Pp6f lh1f;f 5 . s] 5
agf/;df / dflg;x? To;nfO{ :ju{sf] l;+9L ;lDemG5g\ eGg] k|Zgn] d]/f] dg ?dlNnPsf] 5 .
To;afx]s cfkm"n] lrg]sf w]/} ;fyLx?sf nflu agf/; kfgL k+w]/f] h:tf] eP/ klg dnfO{ To:tf]
nfu]sf] xf]nf . agf/; k|lt dleq Pp6f cfzlQm 5 . clxn];Dd hfg kfPsL 5}g . Tof] hfg gkfpg]
lk/f]nf]nfO{ d slxn]sfxL+ l;g]dfsf kbf{x?df u+ufsf] kfgL;Fu v]n]/ lrQ a'emfpg] u5'{ . d p:tf]
lxGbL l;g]df x]lb{g . klxn]b]lv g} c+u|]hL l;g]df x]g]{ / To;}df /dfpg] afgL k/]sf] x'gfn] lxGbL
l;g]df, dnfO{ l;g]df h:tf] klg nfUb}g . t/ kmnfgf] l;g]dfdf agf/;sf] l;g -b[io_ 5 eGg] ;'g]kl5
d Tof] l;g]df gx]/L 5f]8\lbg .
tkfO{+n] l7s} eGg'eof] . of] kl/efiff lbg g;lsg] cfzlQm g} xf] .
xf], cfu/f eg]sf] tfhdxnsf] 5f]6f] gfd xf] h:tf] nfU5 dnfO{ . To;}n] d cfu/f hfg
rfxG5' . Pp6f ;d|f6n] cfkm\gL lk|o kTgLsf nflu agfPsf] Tof] k|]dsf] lrxfgsf] bz{g ug{ rfxG5' .
xf]nf, of] sf]/f efj'stf klg xf]nf . t/ dflg;x? k|]dsf] ulx/fOdf slt tn;Dd 8'Ag ;S5g\ eGg]
Tof] Pp6f ;RrfO xf] . tfhdxn Pp6f jf:tljstf xf] . k|]dsf] jf:tljstf . dgsf] Pstfsf]
jf:tljstf . To;nfO{ ;a}n] x]g'{k5{ eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 .
7Ls} eGg'ef] . d}n] sf]7fdf clxn];Dd tfhdxnsf]] lrq, d'lt{, k|tLs s]xL /fv]sL 5}g .
gkfP/ xf]Og, grfx]/ /fv]sL 5}g . d cfFvf 5f]Kg] u/L tfhdxnnfO{ h:tfsf] t:t} x]g{ rfxG5' .
tkfO{+ d]/f] dgsf] e]p kfpg ;Sg'x'Gg . d pleO/x'+ . 5]pdf d]/f] >Ldfg x'g'xf];\ . xfd|f] cufl8
tfhdxn xf];\ / tfhdxnsf] 5]pdf st} To;sf] cg's[lt a]lr/x]sf] Pp6f k;n] xf];\ . xf] ToxL
k;naf6 d tfhdxnsf] cg's[lt lsGg rfxG5' .
xf], aDaO{sf] af/]df klg l7s} cg'dfg ug'{eof] . s'/f ubf{ ub}{ tkfO{+n] d]/f] dg b]Vg yfNg'
eof] . aDaO{ x]g]{ /x/ ;fFRr} g} ;d'b|sf] lsgf/ x]g]{ /x/ xf] . aDaOdf aGb]h lagfsf] ;d'b| b]lvG5
eG5g\ uP/ cfpg]x? . d}n] aGb]h lagfsf] ;d'b| b]v]sL 5}g . xf], xËsË ;d'b|} xf] . t/ xËsË aGb]h
lagfsf] ;d'b| xf]Og . y'DsLx? af]s]/ a;]sf] kfgLsf] v]t xf] xËsË . htf kmls{+bf klg tkfO{+ k'Sn'Ss
p7]sf y'Dsfx? b]Vg kfpg' x'G5 . s'g} y'Dsfdf cUnf s+ls|6sf s'?k lnËfx? xf]nfg\, st} kf]y|]
h+unsf] xl/ofnL xf]nf . t/ ;d'b|sf] a]/f]s6f]s lj:tf/ tkfO{+n] xËsËdf b]Vg} kfpg' x'Gg . To;nfO{
7fpF 7fpFdf r'lnPsf r§fgx?n] c8\sfOlbPsf 5g\ .
t/ e|d0fsf] of] OR5f slxn] k'/f x'g] xf] dnfO{ yfxf 5}g .
o:tf bh{gf}+ OR5fx? 5g\ . tL bldt 5g\ . tkfO{+n] gsf]6\ofpg' eP x'G5 .
dnfO{ < dnfO{ cfsfz dg k5{ . a'§f a'§f k/]sf] afbn dg k5{ . dnfO{+ vfFlbPsf] lIflth
dg k5{ . dnfO{ o:tf] nfU5 – d]/f] 3/ 5]pdf 7"nf] afF;emfª xf];\ . d laxfg laplem+bf Toxf
r/fx?sf] lr/la/ v]ln/x]sf] xf];\ . afF;emfªsf] 5]pdf Pp6f wf/f] eml//x]sf] xf];\ . wf/fsf] 9'+ufdf
lkQnsf] ufu|L ah]sf] cfjfh ;'lgof];\ .
x]g'{;\, dg kg]{ / gkg]{ eGg] s'/f] tkfO{+sf] ;fdYo{df e/ k5{ . hlta]nf d Onfd SofDk;df
kl9/x]sL lyPF – Tolta]nf dnfO{ ;'gsf] rfx x'+b}gYof] . d;Fu ;a} vfnsf uxgfx? lyP / uxgf
nufpg] OR5f klg dflg; leq x'G5 eGg] dnfO{ nfUb}gYof] . ;f8Lx?sf] /x/ klg x'G5 / < h:tf]
dnfO{ nfUYof] . d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ c:tL g} eg]+ – sf7df08f} cfPkl5 d}n] u/uxgf / ;f8L ;d]t a]Rg]
lbg cfof] . To;kl5sf s]xL jif{df dnfO{ c?n] nfPsf] uxgf x]l//xg dg kYof]{ . dnfO{ c?sf]
;f8Lsf] /Ë /fd|f] nfUYof] . d}n] Pp6f o:tf] vf; sfn klg a]xf]/]+ – hxfF d c?n] a]/]sf ;f8L /
c?sf] z/L/df b]lvg] ;'gsf uxgfx? x]/]/ n6\7 ky]{ . Tolta]nf d}n] hLjgsf ;a}eGbf cefju|:t
lbgx? ef]u]sL lyPF . kl5 d]/f] ;DkGgtf km]l/ kmls{of] . To;}n] km]l/ d ToxL k'/fgL afnf ePsL 5' .
dnfO{ uxgf, ;f8L, rKkn h:tf ;fdfgx?sf] /QL jf:tf nfUb}g . To;}n] dg kg'{ / gkg'{nfO{, OR5f
/ clgR5fnfO{ tkfO{+n] cfkm\g]f cj:yf;Fu bfFh]/ x]g'{k5{ . Ps a]nfdf Pp6f s'/f] tkfO{+nfO{ /fd|f] nfU5
t/ csf]{ a]nfdf ToxL s'/f] tkfO{sf nflu cy{xLg e}/x]sf] x'G5 .
Tof] t d eGg ;lSbg . cyjf dfGgf];\, OR5f :jod\df ultzLn x'G5 . To;}n] hLjgsf
OR5fx? klg km]l/+bf x'g\ . s'g} a]nf Pp6f ;fgf] :s"n vf]Ng kfpg' g} d]/f] clGtd OR5f lyof] .
Tolta]nf d}n] Tof] :s"n afx]s c? s]xL cg'e"t u/]s} lyOg . cfhef]ln dnfO{ g} o:tf] nfU5 – :s"n
t cfkm}+ rln/x]5 . h;/L xfdL dflysf] cfsfzdf ;"o{b]jsf] /y tflgO/x]5, To;}u/L xfd|f] :s"nsf]
/y klg cfkm}+ tflgO/x]5 . To;}n] :s"n ;+rfng ca d]/f] OR5f ag]sf] 5}g . d Pp6f cgfyfno
vf]nf}+ ls eGb}5' . cyjf Pp6f j[4f>d vf]nf}+ ls eGg] ;f]lr/x]5' . clxn];Dd d}n] 6'+uf] ul/;s]sL
5}g . cx+, clxn];Dd d}n] s;};Fu s'/f] u/]sL klg 5}g . a;\, d]/f] dgdf OR5fsf] 6';f] knfPsf] 5 .
Tof] klg d}n] ;f]r]sL 5}g . dflg;x? ;dfh;]jf;Fu hf]l8Psf o:tf sfdx?sf] rrf{ ug]{
lalQs} Pg= lh= cf]= ;lDemG5g\ . d}n] s'g} u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] lbPsf] k};faf6 of] sfd u?+nf eg]/
;f]r]sL 5}g . s'g} ljb]zL ;+:yf;Fu d k};f dfUg hfGg . of] t d]/f] a'9];sfnsf] OR5f xf] . Tof]
a'9];sfn cem} kGw|÷aL; jif{kl5 d]/f] cfFugdf kfOnf] xfNg cfpF5 . Tolta]nf;Dd d :jo+;Fu
;dfh;]jfsf] nflu vlr{g ;Sg] s]xL k};f x'G5 . Tof] a]nf;Dd g]kfnLx?d} ;fdflhs ;]jfsf nflu
k};f 5'6\ofpg' k5{ eGg] r]tgf a9]sf] x'G5 . Tolta]nf;Dd d]/L 5f]/Lsf] sdfO d]/f] eGbf a9L x'G5 .
o:t} o:t} ;kgfdf d clxn];Dd /dfO/x]sL 5' .
t/ tkfO{+nfO{ clxn] of] klg egf}+ – ef]ln d}n] ;f]r] h:tf] s]xL gePsf] klg x'g;S5 .
Sof tkfO{+ klg Û d}n] t tkfO{+nfO{ ;lhnf] xf];\ eg]/ b'O6} ;Defjgf b]vfPsL x'+ . d]/f] dg
nx8 / k|rf/ dfq xf]Og . d s]6fs]6LnfO{ c;fWo} dg k/fp5' . o;sf] rrf{ ef]ln tkfO{+;Fu u/f}+nf .
To;}n] klg Pp6f cgfyfnosf] ;+rfng, d]/f] rfxgf ag]sf] 5 . tkfO{+n] t d;Fu ;f]Wg' ePsf] 5}g –
t/ w]/}n] d;Fu olt 7"nf] 3/sf] cf}lrTo s] eg]/ k6s k6s ;f]w]sf 5g\ . d}n] st}af6 cf8e/f];
kfOg eg] d]/f] of] 7"nf] 3/nfO{ d oxL ;Tsfo{df nufpg rfxG5' .
x]g'{;\, cfbz{ cfbz{} xf] . tkfO{+ To;sf] kl/efiffsf] lrGtf gug{';\ . cfbz{ cf/Dedf cd't{ g}
x'G5 . Aojxf/n] To;nfO{ d't{tf k|bfg ubf{ Tof] cfbz{ gx'g klg ;S5 . tkfO{+ d]/f] :s"ns} s'/f ug'{;\
. :s"n v]fNg' Pp6f cfbz{ xf]Og / < s]6fs]6LnfO{ lzIff lbg', b]zsf nflu c;n gful/s k}bf ug'{,
AolQmsf] rl/q lgdf{0f ug'{, dflg;nfO{ cg'zf;gsf] uf]/]6f]df lx+8fpg' s] cfbz{ xf]Og < t/ :s"n
;+rfng u/]kl5 / ljz]if u/]/ Tof] ;kmn ePkl5 To;nfO{ cfbz{sf] ?kdf lnOPsf] tkfO{+n] st} b]Vg'
ePsf] 5 < 5}g . x/]s dflg;sf] lha|f]df lxhf]sf] Tof] cfbz{ cfhsf] Aofkf/ ePsf] 5 . clxn] s;}sf]
d'vaf6 :s"nn] s]6fs]6L k9fOlbPsf] 5, hfGg] agfOlbPsf] 5, P;= Pn= ;L= sf] k/LIffkmnnfO{ dfly
p7fpgdf gLlh :s"nx?sf] of]ubfg 5, k|yd >]0fLsf] l/hN6 a9\g'df gLlh :s"nsf] ldlxg]tn] 7"nf]
sfd u/]sf] 5 eGg] ;'Gg' ePsf] 5 < 5}g . hf];'s} ;Fu ;f]Wg';\ . tkfO{+n] ;'ufsf] h:tf] Pp6} /6fO
;'Gg' x'G5 . lzIffdf Aofkf/ eof], Rofp h:tf af]l8{Ë :s"nx? v'n]sf 5g\, :s"nn] 7u]sf 5g\, n'6]sf
5g\, lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ 5}g === OToflb OToflb .
cfbz{ zxfbtsf nflu hlGdPsf] x'G5 . To;}n] Tof] zxfbt;Fu} dxfg sxlnG5 . cfbz{
hlxn] klg zxLb eP/} hlGdG5 . ;flxTodf d]/f] ?rL 5}g . t/ of] cfbz{sf] s'/f] rn]kl5 zxLb eP/
hfg]x?nfO{ ;dlk{t u/]/ e"lk z]/rgn] /Rg' ePsf] sljtf lgwf/ el/ gfRg yfN5 . dnfO{ slxn]sfxL+
nfU5 – j:t' zxLb eof] eg] cfbz{ x'G5, hLljt /x\of] eg] Jofkf/ x'G5 .
;fFlRr, olta]nf slj e"lk z]/rg zxLbx?nfO{ ToxL sljtf ;'gfO/xg' ePsf] xf]nf xf]lu Û
x]g'{;\, dnfO{ /fhgLltsf af/]df 5nkmn ug{ k6Ss} OR5f x'+b}g . d}n] z'?df klg tkfO{+nfO{
elg;s]+ . /fhgLltsf] ax; ug'{k¥of] eg] – 3/}df Pp6f l;Ëf] /fhgLlt x'g'x'G5 . t/ klg tkfO{+n]
;f]lwxfNg' eof] . d /fhgLltsf] ToxL cfbz{sf] s'/f u5'{ . tkfO{+n] dxfTdf ufGwLsf] cfbz{sf] rrf{
ug'{ eof] lg . d Tof] cfbz{ sxL+ st} b]lVbg . clxn] sxfF 5 dxfTdf ufGwLsf] ;fy{stf < :jo+,
dxfTdf ufGwL hLljt ePsf] eP klg lxhf]sf] pxfFsf] hLjg klg To;/L g} c;fGble{s x'g] lyof],
h;/L pxfFsf] rvf{ cy{xLg ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf] rvf{ eg]sf] :jfanDag xf]Og < sxfF 5 /fhgLltdf
:jfanDaL r]tgf < pxfFsf] cfbz{ eg]sf] pklgj]z / ;fd|fHosf] lj/f]w xf]Og < t/ s] cfh ufGwLsf]
cfbz{sf] gfdd} l5d]sLx? kLl8t e}/x]sf 5}gg\ < s] cy{ 5 ufGwLjfbL cfbz{sf] < cyjf To;sf]
l7Ss pN6f], pQ/ lt/} x]g'{;\ – dfcf]T;]t'ªsf] Tofu, tk:of / alnbfgsf] kf6f]nfO{ tkfO{+n] s;};Fu
bfFlhg] b]Vg'ePsf] 5 < t/ s] cy{ /x\of] / Tof] alnbfgsf] < d/]sf] ef]lnkN6b]lv dfcf]T;]t'ªsf] nf;
n'l5g yfn]sf] xf]Og < JolQmsf] ?kdf dfcf]T;]t'Ësf] dfgdb{g, pxfF d/]sf] kl;{kN6af6 z'? ePsf]
xf]Og < cyjf xhf/ jif{sf] dxfg AolQm elgPsf sfn{ dfS;{s} s'/f ug'{;\ . s] lbof] Oltxf;n]
pxfFsf] cfbz{nfO{ < ufnL, a]OHhtL, ckdfg, x'd{t, la/f]w, 3[0ff afx]s s]xL lbPsf] 5 < pxfF hxfF
hlGdg' eof], ToxfF sDo'lg:6 x'g' ck/fw 7flgof] . pxfFn] h'g d'n'snfO{ sd{If]q agfpg' eof], ToxfF
sDo'lg:6x?nfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L 3[0ff ul/G5 . s] cy{ /x\of] sfn{ dfS;{sf] cfbz{sf] < cyjf tkfO{+
cd]l/sL :jtGqtf ;+u|fds} s'/f] ug'{;\ . /fhgLltdf :jflwgtfsf] kl/efiff ToxL :jtGqtf ;+u|fdn]
hGdfPsf] xf]Og < JolQmsf] :jtGq r]t, /fi6«sf] d'lQmsf] r]t To;}n] lbPsf] xf]Og < t/ v} sxfF 5
cd]l/sL :jflwgtfsf] cy{ < aL;f}+ ztfAbLsf ;a} :jflwgtfsf] d'n zq' cd]l/sf ePsf] Oltxf;df
k|dfl0ft e};s]sf] 5}g / < x/]s b]zsf] :jflwgtf ;+u|fdn] cd]l/sf;Fu} o'4 ug'{ k/]sf] xf]Og / <
tkfO{+ cfbz{sf] vf]hLdf gnfUg';\ . Tof] st} kfOb}g . x/]s cfbz{x?, k|fKtL k"j{sf cfsf+Iff
dfq x'g\ . k|fKtL kl5 cfbz{x? ckdfgdf ?kfGtl/t ePsf 5g\ / eO/xg] 5g\ . cfbz{ zxLbx?sf
nflu sf]l/G5g\ . To;}n] zxLb / cfbz{ ;Fu;Fu} dxfg ePsf 5g\ .
d]/f] cfbz{ d]/f] hLjg xf] . d]/f] sd{ xf] . d}n] uLtf k9]sL 5}g . d ;+:s[t k9\g} hflGbg .
t/ To;sf] sd{ u/ kmnsf] cfzf gu/ eGg] jfSo dnfO{ v'a dg k5{ . x'gt, kmnsf] cfzf gu/L
s;}n] sfd yfNb}g . sfd ug'{ clg To;sf] kl/0ffdsf] cfzf gug'{ eg]sf] lglh{jtf xf] . tfklg Tof]
egfOn] dfG5]nfO{ k|]/0ff lbG5 . c;kmntfsf 38Lx?df tkfO{+n] of] jfSo ;lDemg' eof] eg] tkfO{+n]
cfkm\gf cl3lNt/ ;kmntf plePsf] b]Vg' x'G5 . csf]{ /dfOnf] klg ;'Gg'xf];\ – ;kmntfsf a]nfdf
tkfO{+ uLtfsf] æsd{ u/ kmnsf] cfzf gu/Æ eGg] jfSo ;lDemg} Eofpg' x'Gg .
To;}n] d]/f] cfbz{ eg]sf] d]/f] g}lts hLjg xf]] . / dnfO{ nfU5, ;a}sf] cfbz{ p;sf] g}lts
hLjg xf] . hLjg kl5 cfbz{sf] s] cy{ x'G5 < lsgeg] gofF hLjgn] gofF cfbz{sf] vf]hL u5{ .
Pp6f hLjg;Fu} Pp6f cfbz{ ;dfKt e};s]sf] x'G5 / Tof] ;dfKt ePsf] cfbz{sf] :yfg k"lt{ ug{
csf]{ cfbz{ hlGdg' clgjfo{ x'G5 . rfx] ;fdflhs hLjg eGg';\ rfx] /fhgLlts of cfly{s hLjg s}
rSs/df lsg gnfUg' xf];\ – ;a}lt/ k'/fgf]nfO{ lj:yflkt u/]/ gofFsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ k|oTg e}/x]sf] x'G5
. To;}n] cfbz{ ToxL gofFsf] :yfkgf dfq} klg x'g;S5 .
tkfO{+ t o'jf x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+n] cfkm\gf xh'/cfdfx?sf] hLjg b]Vg kfpg' ePg . nf]Ug]sf]
v'§fsf] kfgL vfg' Tolta]nfsf] cfbz{ lyof] . Tof] s'g} s/sfksf] ljifo lyPg . :jf:gLdfG5]x? v'§fsf]
kfgL uj{;Fu} lkpy] . Tof] kfgL lkpg gkfpbf pgLx? cfˆgf] hLjg Aoy{ ePsf] 7fGy] . s] cfh klg
v'§fsf] kfgL ToxL uj{df rf]alnG5 < rf]alnGg . xh'/cfdfx?;Fu} v'§fsf] kfgLnfO{ klg xfdLn] lj>fd
lbO;s]sf 5f}+ . clxn] cf]7df DjfO vfg' klt kTgLsf] cfbz{ xf] . clxn]sf] uj{ ToxL r'dfOdf lglxt
5 . d';'Ss d':sfP/ r'Dg' clxn]sf] ua{ ePsf] 5 .
Tof] t xf] . ef]ln s] x'G5 s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g . h] klg x'g ;S5 . To;}n] tkfO{+ lautsf] uLt
ufP/ ga:gf];\ . tkfO{+ eljiosf] lrGtfdf lkl/P/ klg g?gf];\ . tkfO{+ jt{dfgdf afFRg l;Sg';\ .
tkfO{sf] jt{dfg g} tkfO{+sf] eljio xf] . jt{dfgsf /fd|f sfdx?n] tkfO{+nfO{ Oltxf;df arfpg] 5g\ .
t/ tkfO{sf cfhsf /fd|f sfdx?n] cfkm\gf cg'ofoL lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ eGg] cGwljZjf;af6 tkfO{+ d'Qm
x'g';\ .
of] s'g} bz{g xf]Og . o;}nfO{ bz{g dfGg yfNg'eof] eg], x/]s laxfg tkfO{+n] gofF bz{g;Fu}
g'xfpg' kg]{5 . dfG5] cfkm}+df Pp6f bz{g xf] eg]/ lrQ a'emfpg';\ . a;\ .
 d]/f] ;Demf}tf
d}n] klxn] g} tkfO{+nfO{ laafxsf] af/]df cfˆgf] wf/0ff atfO;s]sL 5' . tkfO{+n] km]l/ ;f]Wg'
eof] . o;sf] dfg] tkfO{+ yk s]xL rfxg' x'G5 . t/ d;Fu eGg] t s]xL 5}g . d sxfFaf6 z'? u/f}+ <
tkfO{+nfO{ d Pp6f ;Gbe{ ;'gfp5' . cyjf b'O tLg cf]6} ;'gfp ls Û d]/f] >Ldfg / d]/f s'g}
?rL ldNb}gg\ . dnfO{ s]6fs]6L c;fWo} dfofn' nfU5g\ . tL u'nfkmsf km"nx? x'g\ h:tf] nfU5 .
sf]lknf x'g\ ltgLx? . To;}n] ltgsf] :ofxf/ ug'{k5{ . t/ d]/f] >Ldfg s]6fs]6L eGg] lalQs} tLg xft
plkm|P/ efUg'x'G5 . pxfFsf nflu s]6fs]6L eg]sf u'nfkmsf] cf]l/kl/sf /ut rx/\ofpg] sf+9f x'g\ .
s]6fs]6L b]Vof] ls pxfF lbªldªfpg' x'G5 . vfgf vf+bf vf+b} s]6fs]6L 5]pdf cfpbf pxfF klxn] klxn]
vfg} 5f]8]/ lx+8\g' x'GYof] . pxfFnfO{ pN6L cfpg vf]H5 /] . s]6fs]6Lx? pxfFnfO{ ugfp5g\ . d
s]6fs]6Ldf km"nsf] af:gf k'mnfp5' . t/ ToxL af:gf pxfFsf] gfsdf sf7df08f}sf] kmf]xf]/ eP/ k:5 .
tkfO{+ kTofpg' x'Gg . /x/n] d]/f] >Ldfgn] cfkm\gL 5f]/L afx]s clxn];Dd s;}nfO{ sfvdf lng'ePsf]
5}g / d]/f] 5]pdf cfOk'u]sf s'g} klg gfgLx?n] d]/f] sfv g5f]O{ klG5g kfPsf 5}gg\ . d]/f] sfvn]
xhf/f}+ s]6fs]6L Rofk]sf] 5, t/ d]/f] >Ldfgsf] c+ufnf]n] clxn];Dd bz hgf s]6fs]6L klg 5f]Psf]
5}g xf]nf .
s]6fs]6L dfq xf]Og, xfd|f] vfgkLg klg ldNb}g . pxfF bxL / eft d'5]/ vfg'x'G5 . dnfO{ Tof]
s;}sf] 5fb h:tf] nfU5 . b]Vb} lbªldª nfU5 . pxfF dnfO{ ;f]Wg'x'G5, …bxLnfO{ klg dfG5]x? s;/L
l3gfpg ;S5g\ < bxL eg]sf] t k'/f0fx?df j0f{g ul/Psf] cd[tsf] ;fg]f efO xf] .Ú t/ d]/f] dgn]
eG5, …s'x]sf] hfF8 h:tf] bxLnfO{ eftdf k;f/]/ dflg;x? s;/L cfˆgf] 3fF6Laf6 l5/fpg ;S5g\ <Ú
bxL dfq xf]Og – xfdL leq o:tf bh{gf}+ cfO6dx? 5g\, h;n] d / d]/f] >LdfgnfO{
cnUofp5g\ . b'O{ lt/ xft ;dft]/ ltgLx?n] l3;fb}{ xfdLnfO{ cf]Nnf] / kNnf] s'gfdf k'/\ofp5g\ .
dnfO{ vfhfdf rfprfp rflxG5 . pxfF rfp rfp b]v]kl5 la/fdL kg'{x'G5 . dnfO{ bfn;Fu d'5]sf]
eft ld7f] nfU5, pxfFn] cfh;Dd bfn vfg} ePsf] 5}g . cfn' b]v]kl5 d c3fO xfN5', pxfF cfh;Dd
cfn' vfP/ c3fpg' ePsf] 5}g . pxfFnfO{ a:g ;kmf 7fpF rflxG5 / ;'Tg s'g} cf]5\ofg rflxb}g . d
a:g hxfF klg ;S5', t/ ;'Tg dnfO{ ;kmf / km/flsnf] cf]5\ofg g} rflxG5 . pxfF ;+uLtsf] em\ofª
em\ofªdf dfq lgbfpg ;Sg' x'G5 . lgbfpg] a]nfdf s;}n] d]/f] sfgdf 7"nf] ;f; dfq} km]/\of] eg] klg
d]/f] lgb|f lau|G5 .
o:tf] leGgtf tkfO{+ cGt gb]Vg klg ;Sg'x'G5 . l7s} eGg' ef] . t/ oxL c;dfgtf leq
xfdL ;dfg 5f}+ . Pp6f kfl/jfl/s hLjgdf ;d]l6Psf] b'O bzs laTbf klg xfdLn] Ps csf{nfO{
;fFem / laxfgsf] b"/Ldf /fVg' k/]sf] 5}g . oxL leGgtfdf xfdL k"0f{ 5f+} . xfd|f km/s ?rLx?n]
xfdLnfO{ 6f9f kfg]{ sfd u/]sf 5}gg\ . a? pN6} ltgn] xfdLnfO{ r'Dasn] h;/L emg emg glhs kfb}{
nu]sf 5g\ .
laafx ;Demf}tf xf] / xf] Pp6f ulDe/ ;xof]usf] ;DaGw . tkfO{+n] of] ;TonfO{ dx;'; ug]{
lalQs} tkfO{+sf] a}aflxs hLjg cToGt} ;'vL x'G5 . d}n] klxn] klg eg], 3/df d d]/f] >Ldfgsf]
af/]df ;f]R5' / olb d]/f] >Ldfgn] 3/sf] af/]df lrGtf ug]{ Psfw ldg]6 ;do st} kfpg' eof] eg]
pxfF d]/} af/]df dfq ;f]Rg' x'G5 . 3/ eGg] lalQs} d d}nfO{ la;{G5' / d]/f] >Ldfg cfkm}+nfO{ la;{g'
x'G5 . pxfFsf] 3/ eg]sf] d x'+ / d]/f] 3/ eg]sf] pxfF xf] .
tkfO{+nfO{ kTof/ nfu]g /] . gnfuf];\ . d s] ug{ ;S5' / < cGt h:tf] x'G5 xfdLdf klg
To:t} x'G5 eg]/ tkfO{+sf] dgn] lgisif{ lgsfNg ;S5 . t/ Tof] lgisif{ xfd|f nflu xf]Og . Tof] t
vfln tkfO{+sf nflu dfq xf] . cfˆgf] lgisif{sf sf/0f tkfO{+ cfkm}+ b'MvL x'g ;Sg'x'G5 . v'zL klg x'g
;Sg'xf]nf . t/ tkfO{+sf] lgisif{n] dnfO{ 5'+b}g . To;}n] To:tf lgisif{x?lt/ d]/f] Wofg hfFb}g .
d tkfO{+nfO{ Pp6f /dfOnf] ;Demgf ;'gfp+ < tkfO{+n] kTofpg';\ eg]/ xf]Og . clxn] :d[ltsf
/]zfx? Ps Ps u/]/ tlGsg yfn]sf] x'gfn] dfq} ;'gfp+ ls eGg] nfu]sf] xf] .
To:t} )$* ;fnlt/sf] s'/f] xf]nf . xfdL b'a} cfˆgf] ;'Tg] sf]7fdf lyof}+ . d cf]5\ofgdf
klN6PsL lyPF . pxfF 6]lnkmf]gdf s;};Fu s'/f ul//xg' ePsf] lyof] . /ft clns lalt;s]sf] lyof] .
xfdL Tolta]nf lji0f'dltsf] d;fg 3f6 5]psf] 3/df 8]/f u/]/ a;]sf lyof}+ . d;fg 3f6sf] ;'Gotfn]
jftfj/0fnfO{ k|efljt t'NofPsf] lyof] . To;}n] /ft, x'g'kg]{ eGbf a9L ;Ggf6f leq x/fPsf] lyof] .
kNnf sf]7fdf ;'t]sf ljBfyL{x? lgbfO;s]sf lyP / leQfdf 6f+luPsf] 38L lvlqs\ lvlqs\ u/]/
lalt/x]sf] ;dosf] r]tfjgL lbO/x]sf] lyof] . g df6f]sf] xf], g dfG5] kf]n]sf] xf] – Ps lsl;dsf]
gld7f] uGwn] sf]7fnfO{ lnk]sf] lyof] . d c:kl6P/ 3fF6L;Dd cfPsf] l;/sn] gfs 5f]Kg vf]Hb} pxfFsf]
s'/f ;'Gg] sf]lzz ub}{ lyPF .
ælsg l/;fpg' x'G5 efO{ < tkfO{+sf] lj/f]w 5 eg] n]v]/ k7fpg';\, d 5fKg nfOlbp+nf .Æ
…=== === ===Ú
æxf]Og, o:tf] kmf]xf]/L ufnLn] tkfO{+nfO{ ;Gtf]s lbG5 < tkfO{+sf] lj/f]w a? n]v]/ k7fpg' eP
h:tfsf] t:t} 5fKg elGbp+nf,ePg <Æ
… === === ===Ú
ætkfO{+ lzi6tf / ;Eotfsf Psfw zAb ;lDemg ;Sg' x'Gg < cvaf/df s] 5flkPsf] 5, Tof]
dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . tfklg cfpg] cÍdf d tkfO{+sf] k|ltjfb h:tfsf] t:t} 5fKg elGbpnf . d}n] olt
elg/xbf klg tkfO{+ l/;fpg'sf] cy{ d}n] a'em\g ;lsg .Æ
pxfFsf] dlng af]nLn] d]/f] gzf v'DRofpg yfNof]] . d pxfFsf] cg'xf/df lgofn]/ x]g{ yfn]+ .
x]bf{ x]b}{ Tof] klg dlng eof] . Ps}l5gdf pxfFsf] cg'xf/sf] /+u /ftf] ePh:tf] nfUof] . pxfF s]xL af]Ng
;Sg' ePg . pxfFn] PskN6 cfFvf 3'dfP/ dnfO{ x]g'{eof] / cfˆgf] /Ë pl8/x]sf] cg'xf/nfO{ aQLsf]
5fofFlt/ kmsf{pg' eof] .
pxfFnfO{ s;}n] kmf]gdf ufnL u¥of] / ;fx|} g/fd|f zAbx?n] ufnL u¥of] eg]/ a'em\g dnfO{
sl7g ePg . tkfO{+ Tolta]nf Tof] sf]7fdf x'g'ePsf] eP, tkfO{+nfO{ klg Tolt s'/f a'em\g sl7g
x'+b}gYof] .
d ;'t]s} 7fpFaf6 h'?Ss p7]+ / pxfFsf] xftaf6 kmf]g y't]/ cfˆgf] sfgdf /fv]+ .
ptfaf6 sf]xL dgk/L ufnL ub}{ lyof] . ufnL;Dd t d}n] klg ;'g]+ . t/ To;n], æs] ;f]r]sf]
5;\ P /fF8Lsf 5f]/f, t]/f] Hofg lng ;Sg] dfG5] x'+ d,Æ eg]kl5 d}n] cfkm"nfO{ /f]Sg} ;lsg . d]/f
xftsf kGhfx?df ;/// /ut au] h:tf] eof] . d]/f] cg'xf/sf] /+u klg km]l/of] xf]nf . d}n] df/ xsfg]{
u/L To;nfO{ eg]+, æs] elg; c/] s's'gL{sf 5fp/f Û s] xfd|f xftdf bxL hDof b]Vof5;\ < cfwf
/ftdf n's]/ kmf]g ug]{ tF 8fFsf ls xfdL 8fFsf x+ P ;'Fu'/ Û tfut 5 eg] cfOh t aflx/ cfFugdf .
PSn} cfp5;\ ls u'08f n]/ cfpF5;\ xF rf]/ . tFnfO{ k]6Lsf]6sf] km]6f u'tfP/ k7fOg5' eg] Û ;'lg;\
uwf <Æ
d]/f] ufnL ;'g]/ Tof] cflQof] . To;n] xtf/ xtf/ ;f]Wof], æxnf}, sf] af]Ng' ef <Æ d}n] s]xL
pQ/ lbOg . To;n] km]l/ ToxL k|Zg ;f]Wof] . d}n] pQ/ lbOg . To;kl5 To;n] cfkm\g} sf]7fdf ePsf]
s;}nfO{ ;'gfof], ækmf]gdf t sf] /0fr08L kf] cfO P ufF7] Û df5'{ eG5] .Æ
æ/flvb] .Æ csf]{ s;}n] eGof] .
To;kl5 To;n] km]fg /fVof] .
d}n] klg kmf]g /fv]+ . pxfF 5Ss k/]/ dnfO{ x]l//x'g ePsf] lyof] . pxfFsf] cg'xf/sf] /Ë cem}
kmls{Psf] lyPg . pxfFn] Psl5g d]/f] d'vdf x]/]/ eGg'eof], æltdLn] e/v/} kmf]gdf s] s] af]Nof},
;Demgf 5 <Æ
æ/fd|/L 5,Æ d}n] eg]+, æd tkfO{+ h:tf] ;fw' xf]Og . h:tfnfO{ t:t} hjfkm lbg dnfO{ klg
cfp5 . a8, wDsL lbG5 P . xftdf r'/f nf b]Vof 5 <Æ d em08} pxfF;Fu} /f+lSsPF .
 æltd|f] xftdf r'/} t 5,Æ pxfF af]Nbf af]Nb} xfF:g' eof] . d klg l/; lal;{P/ xf;]+ .
eGg';\ t xfd|f] ?rL / ;f]r clg Aojxf/sf aLrdf sqf] cGt/ 5 <
s] uy]{+ < xfGy]+ lg lrk{6n] . kmf]gaf6 To;/L ufnL ug]{x? klxnf] t cfpg} ;Sb}gg\ . cfOxfn]
eg] klg s]xL lyPg . d lyPF . d]/f efOx? lyP . tLg hgfn] tLg lt/af6 lrk{6n] xfGg yfn]kl5
5f/tf]; s;]/ efUy] . xfdLn] agkfn]nfO{ s;/L v]b]sf lyof}+ eg]/ d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ elg;s]+ xf]Og / <
x]g'{;\, afFRg dg nfU5 eg] s;};Fu 8/fpg' x'b}g . 8/fpg]n] of] wtL{df pleg] 7fpF klg
kfpb}g . cf]/fnf] nfu]sf] ldu{nfO{ af5fn] klg v]b\5 eG5g\ lg, xf] To:t} xf] 8/fpg] hLjg . To;}n]
dfG5]nfO{ afFRg cfTdljZjf; afF8\g';\ eG5' d e]6]hlt ;a}nfO{ .
cx+, pxfFn] d]/f] lrQ slxNo} b'vfpg' ePsf] 5}g / d]/f] lrQ To;/L b'lvxfNg] klg xf]Og .
x]g'{;\, lrQ ;fgf] eof] eg] Tof] /ftf]lbg b'V5 . t/ 7"nf] lrQ em'lSsP/ klg b'Vb}g . km/flsnf] lrQn]
;a}yf]s cfkm" leq ;d]6\g ;S5 . ;fgf] lrQ yf]/}n] el/G5 . tkfO{+sf] lrQ sqf] 5 < yfxf kfpg'
ePsf] 5}g < vf]Hg]f;\ . cfkm}+ leq vf]Hgf];\ . tkfO{+sf] lrQ 7"nf] 5 eg] tkfO{+ s'g} klg lj/f]wL
k|xf/nfO{ ;lhn} lrKNofpg / kG5fpg ;Sg'x'G5 . tkfO{+sf] lrQ ;fgf] 5 eg] s;}n] k'n'Ss x]bf{ klg
Tof] b'V5 . s;}sf] ufnL vf+Fbf jf s;}n] wf]vf lb+bf cyjf s;}n] ljZjf;3ft ubf{ t Tof] sf]sf]xf]nf]
dRrfP/} ?g yfN5 .
pxfFsf] lrQsf] AofVof d s;/L ug{ ;S5' . of] t pxfFnfO{ g} ;f]Wg] k|Zg xf] . t/ dnfO{
nfU5 – pxfFsf] lrQ ;fgf] 5}g . gq s;/L pxfF / d aLr ljZjf;sf b'O{ bzs laTg ;xh x'GYof] <
cyjf pxfFsf] lrQ ;fg} /x]5 eg] klg d}n] lk/ dfGg] sf/0f b]v]sL 5}g . pxfFsf] ;fgf] lrQnfO{ d
cfkm\gf] 7"nf] lrQsf] vf]lsnfdf xfn]/ n'sfOlbG5' . a;\, ;d:o} kb}{g .
of] dfldnfdf pxfF ddfly lge{/ x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+n] dnfO{ pxfFsf] a8Luf8{ eGg' eP klg
x'G5 . d tkfO{+nfO{ csf]{ Pp6f cg'ej ;'gfp+ <
kx|f/ lt/sf] s'/f] xf] . v} s] sf/0fn] xf] pxfF dfly vt/f lyof] . cln cln wDsL / ufnL
klg cfpYof] . slxn]sfxL+ dWo /ftdf kmf]gsf] 306L aHYof] . xfdL kmf]g p7fpYof}+ . km]fg PSsf;L
dYof]{ . lbSs eP/ d}n] /ftL P3f/ ah]b]lv laxfg kfFr ah];Dd kmf]gsf] 306L g} aGb ul/lbg yfn]+ .
/ klg, a]nf a]nfdf pxfFn] kmf]gdf ufnL vf+b} x'g'x'GYof] .
Ps /ft k'ln;sf] s'g} 7"nf] dflg;n] pxfF;Fu ;'/Iff ;DaGwL s'/f u¥of] . pxfFn] dlt/ x]/]/
xfF:b} km]fgd} hjfkm lbg'eof], ædnfO{ k|x/L ;'/Iffsf] vfFrf] 5}g . b'O rf/ Hofgn] cfF6\g g;Sg] ;'/Iff
d}n] 3/}df kfn]sf] 5' . t/ klg tkfO{+nfO{ dflysf] cfb]z 5 / 6fg}{ ldNb}g eg] k7fOlbg' eP x'G5 .Æ
pxfF xfF;] klg dnfO{ l:ylt clns ulDe/ 5 h:tf] nfUof] . pxfF PSn} x'+bf 8/fpg' x'G5 ls
x'Gg dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . t/ 3/df d 5' eg] pxfFnfO{ 8/n] /QL 5'+b}g . To:tf] s'g} vt/fsf] 306L
aHof] eGg] dx;'; eof] eg] d} a? a9L 8/fp5' . To;}n] d}n] v's'/L cfˆgf] l;/fgdf /fv]+ . s's'/nfO{
sf]7f aflx/sf] a/08fdf NofP/ 5f]l8lbPF / sf]7fsf] aQL lgefP/ ;'t]+ .
ef]lnkN6 laxfg} b'O hgf dflg;x? 3/df cfP . pgLx?n] d]/f] >Ldfgsf] gfd lnP/ pxfF;Fu
e]6\g rfx]sf] s'/f u/] . d}n] lgofn]/ ltgLx?sf] cg'xf/df x]/]+ . ltgLx? ck/fwL g} x'g\ ls h:tf]
dnfO{ nfUof] . d}n] gfd ;f]w]+ . pgLx?n] gfd eg]gg\ . d}n] sfd ;f]w]+ . pgLx?n] sfd klg eg]gg\ .
vfln pxfFsf] gfd lnP/ pxfFnfO{ dfq eGg ldN5 eg]sf] x'gfn] d}n] ltgLx? dfly emg a9L z+sf u/]+
. d}n] e/;s ge]6fpg] ;f]r agfPF . t/ pgLx?n] 5f]8\g} dfg]gg\ . To;}n] d >LdfgnfO{ lng cfˆgf]
sf]7fdf k;]+ .
sf]7fdf uPkl5 d}n] ;a}eGbf klxn] v's'/LnfO{ z/L/df n'sfPF . d}n] lx;fa ul/;s]sL lyPF .
Tof] gf}nf] dflg;n] kSs} klg v's'/Lsf] k|xf/ ug]{5 . To;sf] xft v's'/L vf]Hg hfg gEofpb} d
To;nfO{ b'O6f agfO lbG5' .
d cfˆgf] >Ldfg;Fu 6fFl:;P/} aflx/ lgl:sPF .
t/ pxfFn] 9f]sf vf]ng] lalQs} tL b'a} hgfn] z/L/ tgSs tGsfP/ pxfFnfO{ ho g]kfn u/] .
d t 5Ss k/]+ . b'a} hgf k|x/L kf] /x]5g\ . wGg s'g} b'3{6gf 36]g .
 tkfO{+ klg s:tf] uhasf] s'/f] ug'{x'G5 < o;sf] pQ/ d}n] lbg ldN5 < tkfO{+ pxfFnfO{ g}
;f]Wg';\ g . t/ of] tkfO{+x?sf] k'?if dfgl;stf dfq xf] . d}n] lsg pxfFsf] a8Luf8{ x'g gldNg] <
pxfF eGbf rsf]{ eP/ k|ltjfb ug{ lsg gldNg] < pxfF dfly sf]xL cfOnfU5 eg] pxfF eGbf cl3 a9]/
hfOnfUg dnfO{ s]n] /f]Sg] < o:tf] klg x'G5 st} < of] ;a tkfO{+ leqsf] k'?ifhGo cxÍf/ xf] . tkfO{+
d]/f] >LdfgnfO{ ;f]Wg';\ . pxfFn] klg oxL eGg' x'g]5 . lsgeg] d]/f] ;'/Iffdf a:g pxfFn] nfh dfg]sf]
cfh;Dd d}n] b]v]sL 5}g . xf] pxfF clncln 8/fpg' x'G5 . d]/f] hËL Aojxf/n] pxfFsf] ;fdflhs
hLjgdf g/fd|f] c;/ kf5{ eg]/ cflQg' x'G5 . gq d 5]pdf x'gf;fy cfkm"df cfTdljZjf; k}bf x'G5
eg]/ pxfFn] k6s k6s dnfO{ eGg'ePsf] 5 .
d t x]g'{;\, cK7\of/f] k/]sf] a]nf pxfFsf] 5fofF g} x'G5' . ;fdfGo l:yltdf pxfF sxfF hfg'x'G5,
slxn] kmls{g' x'G5 eGg] s'/fdf d]/f] rf;f] x'+b}g . t/ cK7]/f] sfn cfof] ls d pxfFsf] cf]l/kl/ e}
xfN5' / To:tf] a]nfdf s;}n] pxfF dfly cfqmd0f u¥of] eg] d To;nfO{ l;WofOlbG5' .
dfg'{ef] tkfOn] klg Û tkfO{+sf] an k'u] t xfdLnfO{ ;tL hfg] agfOlbg' x'GYof] xf]nf . pxfFn]
d]/f] /Iff ug'{ rflx+ ;fdflhstf xf] /] clg d}n] pxfFsf] ;'/Iff ug'{ ;fdflhs lx;fan] gldNg] s'/f] xf]
/] . To:tf] ;dfh lsg rflxof] x+ xfdLnfO{ < d}n] pxfFsf] ;'/Iff ubf{ s] 3fd klZrdaf6 e'mlNsG5 <
ls Tof] lbg afbn g} gnfuL kfgL k5{ < o:tf] sfd gnfUg] s'/f 5f]l8lbg';\ . ;Rofpg';\, cfkm"nfO{
;Rofpg';\ .
t/ xfd|f] 5nkmnsf] ;Gbe{ of] xf]Og . d}n] k'?ifn] s] ug'{ x'G5 / s] x'+b}g eg]/ gofF dfGotf
cl3 ;fg{ vf]h]sL xf]Og . d}n] t vfln Pp6} kl/jf/df afFlwPsf xfdL b'Osf] :jefjdf /x]sf] b"/LnfO{
sf]6\ofPsL dfq x'+ . xfd|f ldNg] s'/f ;fx|} yf]/} 5g\ . w]/}df xfdL gldNg] g} 5f}+ . s;}n] ufnL u¥of]
eg] pxfFnfO{ To;n] kGw| lbg;Dd 5f]O/xG5 . dnfO{ kGw| lbg s;}n] bf]xf]/\ofO{ bf]xf]/\ofO{ ufnL u¥of]
eg] klg dtna x'+b}g . cvaf/df cfˆgf] lj?4df s'g} s'/f] 5flkof] eg] pxfF a]n'sf vfgf vfg'x'Gg .
t/ pxfFnfO{ s;}n] ufnL u¥of] eg] d To;sf] xfjf p8fO lbG5' . pxfF ;dfh eg]kl5 y/// sfDg'
x'G5 . dnfO{ ;dfhsf] dtna klg x'+b}g . dnfO{ hlxn] klg nfU5 – ;dfhn] dnfO{ s] lbof] < d
cfkm}+n] cfˆgf] x}l;ot gagfPsL eP, cfh ;Qf];/fk ug]{ ;dfhn] s] dnfO{ lrGYof] < d}n] cfkm\gf]
uf]nLuf+7f] b'vfP/ kl/>d gu/]sf] eP d]/f ;fd" s'g} ;dfh x'GYof] < h'g ;dfh b'Mvsf] a]nf dnfO{
lrGg ;d]t dfGb}g, To;n] u/]sf] ufnLnfO{ cfˆgf] ;'vsf] a]nf d lsg ;'g'+ < To;}n] d cfkm"nfO{
grflxg] ;dfh;Fu s'g} ;/f]sf/ /flVbg, cfkm"nfO{ rflxg] ;dfh lgdf{0f ug{ d k6Ss} clN5 dflGbg .
;dfhnfO{ d rflxG5' eg] To;n] cfOh eGg'k5{, rflxb}g eg] To;n] d}n] cK7\of/f] gdfgL Tof] eGbf
aflx/} a:g'k5{ .
clxn];Dd d}n] o;} u/]sL 5', ef]ln klg d o;} ug]{5' . t/ d]/f] >Ldfg o:tf] Aojxf/ ;f]Rg
klg ;Sg'x'Gg .
To;df klg afgL ldNb}g . d cvaf/ k9\lbg . k6Ss} k9\lbg . lsg k9\g' cvaf/ < To;df
s] x'G5 < s] To;n] dnfO{ d]/f] lhGbuL s;/L ;'vL x'G5 eGg] cfwf/ lbG5 < s] To;n] d]/f] :s"n
d}n] s;/L rnfpg' k5{ eGg] lzIff lbG5 < s] To;n] dnfO{ d]/f] kl/jf/sf] c;n cfrf/ s;/L
lgdf{0f x'G5 eGg] 1fg lbG5 < cx+, cvaf/n] s]xL lb+b}g . To;}n] d slxNo} cvaf/ k9\lbg . zfob
g]kfnsf cvaf/ gk9]sf] bz jif}{ e};Sof] xf]nf . xf], d lzIff ;DaGwL hg{nx? 5g\ eg], lzIff If]q
cf]u6]sf a'n]l6gx? 5g\ eg] ltgsf] rflx+ /fd|f] cWoog u5'{ . ltgn] d]/f] Aoj;fonfO{ /fd|f] agfpg
d2t lbG5g\ . t/ ahf/df lg:sg] b'O{ b]lv aL; k]h;Dd cvaf/ eg] d em'lSsP/ klg x]lb{g .
xf]Og, xf]Og . d s;}sf] k]zfnfO{ klg lxofpg rfxGg . cvaf/df em'6f s'/f n]lvG5g\,
ltgsf] ;fdflhs bfloTj x'+b}g eGg] h:tf cf/f]k nufP/ d}n] cvaf/ gk9]sL xf]Og . oyfy{df,
cvaf/n] dnfO{ cfkm"lt/ tfGg ;s]gg\ . cvaf/ k9\g' k5{ / cvaf/ k9]/ dnfO{ kmfObf x'G5 eGg]
;f]rdf ltgLx?n] dnfO{ k'/\ofpg} ;s]gg\ . o;f] s'g} a]nf sfd gx'+bf cyjf km';{bn] klN6/x+bf 5]pdf
s'g} cvaf/ 5 eg] d k9\g vf]H5' . t/ Pp6f lzif{s k9\g] lalQs} 5\of s] kl9/xg' eg]/ d cfkm}+
;/Ss klG5G5' . a? tkfO{+ g} eGg';\ g, cvaf/ lsg k9\g' < tkfO{+sf] s'/f] ;'g]kl5 dnfO{ cvaf/
k9\g dg nfUg] xf] ls Û
 t/ d]/f] >Ldfg < slt k9\g' x'G5 eGg} kb}{g . Tof] aflx/sf] cvaf/sf] p?ª 5 lg, Tof] ;a}
pxfFs} xf] . pxfF t d;nf kfg]{b]lv uftf xfNg];Ddsf cvaf/x? gla/fO{ k9\g' x'G5 . afaf, dlxgfsf]
b'O xhf/ eGbf a9L k};f cvaf/df p8fpg' x'G5 . d pxfFnfO{ af/Daf/ of] grflxg] cvaf/ lsg
k9\g' x'G5 eg]/ 6f]s;L /xG5' . t/ cvaf/ gk9] pxfFnfO{ eft vfP h:t} nfUb}g /] . cvaf/df
l;h{gf x'G5 /] . cvaf/n] clxn]sf] ;+;f/df xjfOhxfhdf a;fP/ ofqf u/fp5 /] . cvaf/df dg
afFlwPkl5 s'g} klg cvaf/ ;+uLt h:tf] nfU5 /] . n]lvPsf] s'/f ljZjf; ug'{ of gug'{ cfˆgf] gLlh
larf/ xf] /] . o:t} s] s] eGg' x'G5 x'G5 . d jf:tf ulb{g .
Tof] klg ldNb}g . l;g]df xndf uP/ l;g]df x]g{ t ca pd]/n] g} lbb}g h:tf] nfU5 . xf]Og,
a'9];sfn nfu]kl5 xndf uP/ l;g]df x]g'{ x'+b}g eGg] xf]Og . dnfO{ To:tf] nfU5 eg]sf] dfq xf] .
Pp6f dfgl;s aGwgn] dnfO{ /f]S5 . To;}n] d 6]lnlehgdf l;g]df x]g{ ?rfpF5' . To;df cfgGb
vf]H5' . t/ pxfFnfO{ l;g]df eGof] ls 6fpsf] b'V5 . plxn] pxfFn] z]S;lko/sf] b 6]Dk]:6 eGg] l;g]df
x]g'{ ePsf] lyof] /] . Tof] rflx+ pxfFnfO{ v'a dg k¥of] /] . x]bf{ x]b}{ cfkm" klg l;g]dfsf] hfb'df x/fpg]
h:tf] nfUofYof] /] . t/ kl5 x]/]sf l;g]dfx? s'g}n] klg bz kGw| ldg]6 eGbf a9L afFWg ;s]gg\ /] .
To;}n] pxfFn] l;g]df x]g{ 5f]8\g' eof] /] .
tkfO{+nfO{ d Pp6f /dfOnf] ;Demf}6f] ;'gfpF < xfdL bflh{lnË uPsf lyof}+ / Tolta]nf ToxfF
Pp6f g]kfnL l;g]df rln/x]sf] lyof] . ;Demgf . pxfFn] Tof] a]nf;Dd g]kfnL l;g]df x]g'{ ePsf] lyPg
. To;}n] d}n] l;g]df x]g{ hfpF eg]+ . lhGbuLdf klxnf]kN6 cfˆgf] >Ldfg;Fu gfl/P/ l;g]df x]g{ kfp+bf
d t dSv} lyPF . xn leq k;'Gh]n pxfF klg dSv} x'g'x'GYof] xf]nf . t/ leq uP/ bz ldg]6 a;]kl5
pxfF 56kl6g yflnxfNg' eof] . pxfFn] ;fgf] :j/df d]/f] sfgdf eGg'eof], ætkfO{+ l;g]df x]b}{ ug'{;\ .
d aflx/ s'g} lrof bf]sfgdf tkfO{+nfO{ klv{P/ a:5', x'Gg <Æ
To:t} x'G5 ls eGg] z+sf dnfO{ z'?b]lv g} lyof] . d klg pxfF;Fu} aflx/ lgl:sPF . xfdL
/dfOnf] ug{ 3'd kxf8lt/ nfUof}+ .
o:tf] k|Zgsf] ;xL pQ/ g} x'+b}g . dnfO{ ;f]Wg'eof] eg] d eG5' – pxfFsf nflu d}n] g} a9L
Tofu u/]sf] 5' . ptf pxfF;Fu uP/ ;f]Wg' eof] eg] pxfFsf] hjfkm klg cfkm\g} nflu x'g]5 . To;}n]
o:tf] k|Zg ;f]Wg} x'+b}g . s] >Ldfgn] >LdtLsf nflu clg >LdtLn] >Ldfgsf nflu Tofu ug]{ rng
rnfpg ;lsG5 < >Ldfg / >LdtL Ps csf{sf] k'/s xf]Ogg\ < tkfO{+nfO{ s:tf] nfU5 < nfUb}g /] Û
o:tf] t eGg kfOb}g lg . kl/jf/ cfkm}+df Pp6f efjgf xf] . cfdf–afa', bfh'–lbbL, efO–alxgL,
efph'–a'xf/L Pp6f ljzfn a[Ifsf xfFuf / kftx? x'g\ . tkfO{+ ?vaf6 s;/L 5'6\ofpg' x'G5 kft /
xfFufx?nfO{ <
of] cfw'lgstf eg]sf] klg kmfObfsf] km];g xf] . x]g'{;\ d cfkm"nfO{ cfw'lgs elGbg . t/ d
k'/ftgkGyL klg xf]Og . c+u|]hx?sf] aLrdf d]/f] afNosfn laTof] . dnfofsf] la|l6z SofDkdf d
hlGdPF / xËsËdf /dfPF . 3f]kf SofDksf] cfw'lgs hLjgdf d}n] cfkm\gf] r]tgf x'sf{PF . Toltdfq
xf]Og, Tolta]nf s]6Lx?sf] kf]zfsdf cToGt} cfw'lgs dflgg] k]06 / z6{ d]/f dg k/]sf kf]zfs lyP
. d c+u|]hL l;g]dfx? x]y]{+ . d}n] gfËf cfs[ltx? klg l;g]dfdf b]v]sL 5' . ANo" lkmNd elgG5 lg, xf]
To:tf c+u|]hL l;g]dfx? klg d}n] x]/]sL 5' . d s]6fx?;Fu emu8f uy}{ . xft xfn]/} afem\y]+ . /ft
laxfg d s]6fx?;Fu PSn} lx+8\y]+ . d]/f] pd]/sf cfw'lgs elgg] slt g]kfnL s]6Lx?sf] hLjgn] olt
km/flsnf]kg a]xf]/]sf] 5 < d]/f] cfw'lgstfsf] bfFhf]df cfpg] slt xhf/ g]kfnL :jf:gLdfG5]x? 5g\ <
dnfO{ nfU5 – ltgLx?sf] ;+Vof Psbd} yf]/} 5 . cfhef]lnsf] cfw'lgstf l;p+bf]df l;Gb'/ xfN5,
unfdf d+un;'q afFW5, xftdf xts8L h:tf r'/fx? nufp5, ;f]daf/sf] at{ a:5 -af/x? km/s
km/s klg x'g;S5g\_ / ;fO{+afafsf] k'hf u5{ -k'hf ul/g] d'lt{ jf eujfg klg km/s km/s x'g
;S5g\_ . of] eGbf leGg cfw'lgstf vf]Hg' eof] eg] To;sf] klg d j0f{g ug{ ;S5' . afx'nf
RofltPsf] 6gSs sl;Psf] Anfph / To;leq b]lvg] a|fsf w;f{x?, 6nSs 6lNsg] ;f8L, k]G;Ln
lxndf n/a/fPsf uf]8fx?, /]8 jfOg -cyjf csf]{ s'g} /S;L_ el/Psf] u'y's]{ lunf; clg lunf;df
6fpsf] hf]lt/x] h:tf] b]lvg] a}hgL /Ësf] gËkfln;n] Rofk]sf] km]6fjfn r'/f]6 . o:t} ?knfO{ tkfO{+
cfw'lgs eGg'x'G5 eg] tkfO{+n] cfw'lgstfsf] kl/efiff a'em]s} 5}g eg] x'G5 . cfw'lgstf n'ufdf
xf]Og, dfG5]sf] lgwf/df n]lvPsf] x'G5 . dfG5]sf] dgdf s'+lbPsf] x'G5 . cfw'lgstfnfO{ e[s'6L
d08ksf] k|bz{gLdf /fVg ldNb}g, Tof] t dflg;x?sf] cfˆgf] 3/sf] s'rL{df pk/v'§L nfP/ al;/x]sf]
x'G5 . To;}n] cfw'lgstfsf af/]df d]/f] s'g} l6Kk0fL 5}g .
l7s} 5, To;} eGg';\ . d]/f] s'g} k|ltjfb x'+b}g . d aGwgdf 5' < eP klg l7s} 5 . d :jtGq
5' < Tof] klg l7s} 5 . d cfˆgf] hLjg cfˆgf] v'zLn] afFlr/x]5' . d /S;L vfGg . d kf6L{df hfg
dg k/fplbg . d r'/f]6 klg tflGbg . dnfO{ pQfpnf] / e8\lsnf] kf]zfs klg dg kb}{g / d k]lG;n
lxn nufplbg . d]/f] of] ?k/+udf s;}n] dnfO{ k'/ftg eG5 eg] d lk/ dflGbg . lsgeg] h] eP klg
d, d} x'+ . d}n] ;+;f/sf leGg leGg d'n'ssf dflg;nfO{ e]6]sL 5', pgLx?;Fu yf]/} eP klg s'/f
u/]sL 5' . pgLx?sf] dg 5fg]sL 5' . ltg} dflg;x?sf] ;+utdf d cfkm" kl/k"0f{ ePsf] ljZjf;df 5'
.
s;nfO{ e]6]+ /] < s s;nfO{ e]l6of] e]l6of] < t}klg < t}klg eGg] xf] eg] a]nfOtLx?;Fu d]/f]
/fd|} ;+ut /x\of] . rfOlgh klg d]/f ;fyL lyP . Sofg8fsf] Pp6f hf]8L;Fu klg d}n] w]/} lbg latfPF .
d]/L Pp6L hfkfgL a}gL 5 . tf]/Lsf] u'Gb|'ssf] ;fFw]sf] crf/ vfg g]kfn cfpg /x/ ug]{ d]/L Pp6L
cd]l/sg 5f]/L 5 . Pp6f hd{g ;fyL dnfO{ lr7L n]lv/xG5 . d]/f] sf]l/ofnL ;fyLsf] dnfO{ lr7L
cfO/xG5 . l;+ufk'/df klg d]/L Pp6L 5fqf 5 . d}n] 8]gdfs{sf] ;fyL;Fu ;+ut u/]sL 5' . d
bflh{lnËsf] efiffdf bflh{lnË] ;fyLx?;Fu s'/f u5'{ . ufpFdf uP/ wfg gfRg / r08Lsf] ;};}nfdf
/dfpg klg d ;S5' . To;}n] leGg leGg ;+:s[ltsf dflg;x?;Fu d]/f] ldqtf 5 . cfw'lgstfsf
leGg leGg cfofdnfO{ d}n] glhsaf6 b]v]sL 5' .
tL ;a} cfofddf d]/f] cfofd cnUu} 5, leGg 5 / ;a}eGbf cfw'lgs 5 eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 .
o:tf] s'/f dnfO{ g;f]Wg';\ . To;f] eP cfw'lgstfsf] kl/efiff s] /] < d s;/L egf}+ <
tkfO{+n] dnfO{ d]/f] cfw'lgstf k|ltsf] df]x, dfGotf ;f]Wg'eof] eg] d s]xL eGg ;s'+nf . t/ d
To;sf] kl/efiff lbg rflx+ ;lSbg .
 d]/f] lbg
a8f] cgf}7f] k|Zg ug'{eof] . d s] hfGb5' < yfxf 5}g d s] hfGb5' . x'g ;S5 d ;a}yf]s
hfGb5' . x'g ;S5 d s]xL klg hflGbg . d tkfO{+nfO{ cfˆgf] hLjgsf s]xL kfgfx? kN6fOlbG5' –
To;kl5 tkfO{+ g} d s] hfGb5' / d s] hflGbg eGg] lg0f{o lgsfNg';\ .
d}n] Pp6f :s"n rnfO/x]5' . o;nfO{ tkfO{+ hfg]sf] klg eGg ;Sg'x'G5, ghfg]sf] klg eGg
;Sg'x'G5 . d;Fu}sf :s"nx? clxn] s/f]8f}+sf] lx;fa u5{g\ . t/ d}n] nfv gfWg ;s]sL 5}g . To;}n]
dnfO{ c;kmn :s"n Aoj;foL eGg ;Sg'x'G5 . t/ d cfkm"nfO{ c;kmn elGbg . lsgeg] d cfˆgf]
>dsf] k|ltkmnaf6 ;Gt'i6 5' . Tof] cfdbfgL / :s"n ;+rfngaf6 d}n] UnfgL dx;'; u/]sL 5}g .
P Tof] kf] eGg' ePsf] . cyf{t, AolQmut lzk . x'gt, Aoj;fo ;+rfng klg AolQmut lzks}
s'/f xf] . of] s'g} cnf}lss hfb' jf eujfgsf] cflzjf{b xf]Og . t}klg tkfO{+n] ;f]Wg vf]Hg'ePsf] s'/f]
d}n] a'em]+ . ca Tot} nfuf}+ .
n ;'Gg';\ . d cfˆgf] n'uf cfkm}+ l;p+5' . tkfO{+ dnfO{ ;'lhsf/ eGg ;Sg'x'G5 . cfˆgf] n'uf
eGgfn] s] eGg] s'/} ePg . cfkm"n] h] nufpg] xf], ahf/df uP/ l;nfpg' kg]{ hlt d ;a} cfkm}+
l;nfp5' . tkfO{+n] d]lzg b]Vg' ePg < x'G5, d tkfO{+nfO{ b]vfO lbp+nf . d cfˆgf] Anfph, k]l6sf]6,
z6{ cfkm}+ l;nfp5' . d}n] cfˆgf] nflu s'tf{ ;'?jfn klg l;nfPsL 5' . xf], d}n] k]06 l;nfPsL 5}g .
lsgeg] k]06 d}n] hlxn] klg /]l8d]8 dfq} nufPsL 5' . klxn] hLgsf] ;'6sf] rng rn]sf] a]nf d
9'Ss}n] lhgsf] Hofs]6 / k]06 nfpg] uy]{+ . gq d}n] cfˆgf] l;nfO{sf] n'uf dfq nufPsL 5' .
d]/f] >Ldfgn] 3/df a:bf nufpg] ;a} n'uf d}n] g} l;nfPsL x'+ . d]/f] 5f]/Lsf] n'uf klg d}n]
g} l;nfPsL x'+ . olt dfq xf]Og, d]/f sltko cfkmGtsf n'uf klg d}n] g} l;nfPsL 5' .
v} s;/L l;s]+ yfxf 5}g . t/ l;nfO{ a'gfOdf d}n] s;}nfO{ k};f lbg' k/]sf] 5}g . ;fFem
k/]kl5 k|foM d]/f lgoldt sfdx? ;lsG5g\ . ;fFemdf wtL{ klg cf/fd u/]/ klN6/x]sf] x'G5 . d
To;sf] 5ftLdf a:5' / cfˆgf] sfddf nfU5' . slxn] l;nfO{ d]lzgsf] v/v/n] /ftsf] zflGt
lrl//x]sf] x'G5 eg] slxn] ;'O/fx? ;dft]sf] xft hfb' h;/L tn dfly, bflxg] b]a|] ul//x]sf] x'G5 .
hf8fsf ;f+emx?df d]/f] kl/jf/ d}n] a'g]sf] 6f]kL, :jL6/ / afSnf] df]hf nfP/ 3/sf sf]7fx?df
;Nofª dNofª ul//x+bf d sNkgfnf]ssf] cfgGb;fu/df kf}8L v]ln/x]sL x'G5' .
d kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:ox?sf] skfn cfkm}+ sf6\5' . tkfO{+ dnfO{ xhfd eGg ;Sg'x'G5 . of]
rflx+ d}n] jfWotfn] l;s]sL x'+ . zx/df PskN6 P8\; cftÍ 5fof] . tkfO{+nfO{ yfxf 5 < /ut
;f6\km]/ / ;fj{lqs of}g ;DaGwaf6 dfq xf]Og, h]af6 klg P8\; ;g{;S5 eGg] xNnfsf] e'+j/Ln]
zx/nfO{ :jf§} nk]6\of] . Tolta]nf dfG5]n] dfG5]nfO{ 5'+bf P8\; ;5{, P8\; skfn sf6\g] s}rLaf6
;d]t ;5{ eGg] xNnf a]:;/L rNof] .
xf]nf, o:t} cf7 bz jif{ cl3sf] s'/f] xf]nf .
Tolta]nf d]/f] >Ldfgn] ;]n'gdf skfn sf6\g dfGg' ePg . pxfFsf 6fpsfsf /f}+x? 3f]8fsf
ofn h;/L sfg d'lGt/ t'n'{Ë e'ml08g yfn] . cx+, pxfF skfn sf6g tof/ x'g'ePg . d}n] ;fx|}
srsr u/]kl5 pxfFn] d'08g u5'{ eGg'eof] . dnfO{ dfof nfUof] . d}n] d} d'l08g ulb{G5' eg] . pxfFn]
dfGg'eof] . d'08g ug]{ a]nfdf d}n] eg]+, æklxn] d xhfdn] h;/L skfn sf6\5', l7s} b]lvof] eg]
5f]l8lbG5', lalu|of] eg] d'08g ul/lbG5' . x'G5 <Æ
 pxfFn] x'Gg eGg] s'/} lyPg . d}n] skfn sf6]+ . Tof] /fd|f] lyPg . pxfFn] P]gfdf x]/]/ d';'Ss
xf+:b} eGg'eof], æ/fd|f], sNkgfltt /fd|f] . cln cln 6f+8 k/]5 . s]xL 5}g d Ps xKtf 6f]kL nfp5' .
t/ tkfO{+n] PskN6 skfn sf6\g l;sfpg] 7fpFdf hfg' knf{ ls ÛÆ
d]/f] >Ldfgsf] k|f]T;fxgn] d]/f] xf};nf a9fof] . d cfkm\gf :s"nsf s]6fs]6Lsf] skfn
5f+l6lbg yfn]+ . cfkm\gf zfvf;Gtfgsf] skfn sfl6lbg yfn]+ . geGb} b'O dlxgfdf d ul/vfg] xhfd
ePF . ahf/df Pp6f k;n vf]Ng] xf] eg] Tof] /fd|/L rnfpg ;S5' eGg] cfTdljZjf; ;lxtsf] xhfd
ePF .
tkfO{+ d]/f] >Ldfgsf] 6fpsf]df x]g'{;\ . pxfF To;nfO{ d]/f] lzk eGg'x'G5 . k|To]s b'O dxLgfdf
d pxfFsf] skfn sf6\5' .
d uf8L klg rnfp5' . l7s} eGg'ef], of] s'g} ljz]if lzk /x]g . cfhef]ln dlxnfx? k|foM
ufl8 rnfp5g\ . 6\ofDkf] t dlxnfx?n] rnfpg yflnxfn] . ca s]xL lbgdf 6\ofS;L klg rnfp5g\ .
d]/f] 8«fOe/L klg ToxL 6\ofS;L Aoj;fo;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . PskN6 ddf :s"n 5f]8]/ Sofa sDkgL
;+rfng ug]{ nx8 hfUof] . cfkm"n] 6\ofS;Lsf] l;6df a:g afx]s 6\ofS;L ;DaGwL hfgsf/L s]xL
kfPsf] 5}g – s;/L Sofa sDkgL rnfpg] < d}n] cfkm}+;Fu w]/}k6s ;f]w]+ . cGtdf d}n] uf8L rnfpg
l;Sg] larf/ u/]+ / b'O{ dlxgf 8«fOleª l;s]+ .
xf]Og, kl5 Tof] larf/ d/\of] . 8«fOleª l;Sbf l;Sb} Tof] larf/ ;]nfof] . 7"nf] nufgL, w]/}
si6 xf]nf h:tf] nfUof] . :s"ndf Aojl:yt e};s]sf] hLjg, 6\ofS;Ldf c:tAo:t xf]nf h:tf] nfUof] .
To;}n] d}n] Tof] af6f] 5f]l8lbPF . t/ 8«fOe/L rflx+ d}n] 5f]l8g . d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ c:tL g} eg]+ lg, d
cfˆgf] >Ldfgsf] a8Luf8{ klg x'+ . a8Luf8{ dfq xf]Og, d pxfFsf] zf]km/ x'+, 8«fOe/ klg x'+ . vf;u/]/
/ftsf] PsfGtdf pxfFn] s'g} a]nf cs:dft lg:sg' k5{ . d pxfFnfO{ PSn} To;/L hfg lbGg . To:tf]
a]nfdf k|foM d uf8Lsf] cl3Nnf] l;6df a:5' . c?a]nf eg] 8«fOe/Lsf] vf; jf:tf /x+b}g .
xf], d t/sf/L v]tL cfkm}+ u5'{ . tkfO{+n] l7s} eGg'eof] . yf]/} af/Ldf d}n] k|z:t} t/sf/L
nufPsL 5' . ToxfF cfn' 5, s'l/nf] 5, sfpnL, ufh/, d'nf, :s";, km;L{ ;a} kmn]sf] 5 . Tof] ;a}
d]/f] cfkm\g} kl;gf xf] . xf]Og, d}n] s'g} ljlwjt lzIff lnPsL 5}g . of] d]/f] cfdfsf] :s"nsf] lzIff
xf] . 3/df cfdfn] u/]sf] kl/>dn] dnfO{ oxfF l;sfPsf] dfq xf] . cfˆgf] kl/jf/nfO{ ld7f] / tfhf
t/sf/L v'jfpg d}n] t/sf/L v]tL u/]sL x'+ .
laxfgsf] lr:ofgdf d cf]5\ofgaf6 p7\5' / Psl5g af/Ldf /dfp5' . dg km'?Ë x'G5 .
cfˆgf] kl/>d xl/ofnLsf] afSnf] cf]5\ofgdf ;'lt/x]sf] b]v]/ cg'xf/ g} xfF:5 . d t/sf/L af/L;Fu
rN5' . s]6fs]6L rnfP h;/L rN5' .
l7s} eGg'ef] . d}n] w]/} ldlxg]t u/]sL 5' . tkfO{+ clxn] hxfF s'rL{ /fv]/ n]lv/xg' ePsf] 5,
Tof] s'g} a]nfdf Pp6f 7"nf] afn'jfsf] y'k|f] lyof] . d]/f] 3/ ToxL afn'jfn] aGof] . d}n] afn'jf a]r]/
k};f sdfPF . sGrg afn'jf eG5g\ lg, xf] ToxL afn'jf oxfF lyof] . afn'jf ePkl5 u]Uo|fg x'g] e}
xfNof] . /f]8f h:tf 9'+ufx?n] hldg k'l/Psf] lyof] . zfob plxn] s'g} a]nf of] hldg vf]nf] eP/
alu/x]sf] lyof] xf]nf . d}n] afn'jf rfn]+, u]Uo|fg kG5fPF . df6f] lsg]/ hldg ;DofPF . s'v'/f / ufO
e}+;Lsf] dn lsg]/ df6f] df]n]+ . o;/L Ps jif{ nuftf/ df6f] agfpg] kl/>d ;s]kl5 d}n] o;nfO{
t/sf/L af/L agfPF .
clxn] klg efG5fdf Tof] kl;gfsf] ;'ulGwt af:gf gflr/x]5 .
l7s} cg'dfg ug'{eof] . oL cf]l/kl/sf ?vx? klg d}n] g} x'sf{Psf x'g\ . ;do t lgl:sG5 .
;do slxNo} cfkm}+ lg:sG5' eg]/ 3f]if0ff u/]/ tkfO{+sf] 5]pdf cfpb}g . tkfO{n] To;nfO{ lgsfNg' k5{
. To;sf nflu cfkm\gf sfdx?nfO{ tkfO{+n] cfˆgf] dfofn' ;Gtfg 7fGg'k5{ . tkfO{+n] x'ls{Psf oL
?vx? b]lv/xg' ePsf] 5 lg, oL ?v xf]Ogg\ . oL b'O jif{b]lv ;ft jif{;Ddsf d]/f 5f]/f5f]/Lx? x'g\ .
w]/} ?k /Ësf ;Gtfgx?n] cfFug 9fs'g eg]/ d}n] afSn} la?jf nufPsL 5' . b]lv/xg' ePsf] 5 . oxfF
km];gsf w'kLx? 5g\ . cfn'rf, xn'jfj]b, Pef]Sof8f] h:tf t'nkm'nx? 5g\, sk'/ / ?b|fIfsf ?vx?
5g\, dflnËf] 3f/L 5, hfOsf] em\oflËnf] ?v 5 . cem} s] s] cfpg] x'g\ dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . ?v /f]kfO
afSnf] / kftnf] x'G5 eGg] dnfO{ nfUb}g . xf];\ g, Pp6f ;;fgf] hËn} xf];\ . ?vx? clNn ;fgf
xf]nfg\, TolQ g xf] Û
xf], l7s} cg'dfg ug'{ef] . of] km"naf/L klg d}n] g} :ofxf/]sL x'+ . 5f]/Lkl5sf] d]/f] dfofn'
;Gtfg eg]sf] d]/f] km"naf/L xf], km"nx? x'g\ . zf]v g} eGg';\ . s] tkfO{+nfO{ km"n dg kb}{g < kb}{g /] .
;+;f/df km"n dg gkg]{ klg sf]xL x'+bf]/x]5 . cgf}7f] nfUof] .
dnfO{ km"n dg k5{g\ dfq xf]Og, km"n d}n] cfkm}+ hGdfPsf ;Gtfg x'g\ . ha d 5]pdf a;]/
ltgLx?nfO{ d';fg{ yfN5' – d]/f] dft[Tj el/P/ cfpF5 . d Pp6L ;Gt'i6 cfdf x'+ h:tf] nfU5 . xl/of
kftx?df n's]/ d';'d';' xfF:b} x]l//x]sf /ftf, kx]+nf, a}hgL /Ësf km"nx?n] …dnfO{ ;Gr} x'g'x'G5 dfd'Ú
eg]/ ;f]lw/x]sf 5g\ ls h:tf] nfU5 . To;}n] d cfˆgf] pHofnf] laxfg / 3'd}{nf] ;fFem km"naf/Ldf
;d]l6P/ cf/fd ul//x]sf log} 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] aLrdf latfp5' .
km"nsf] hft x'+b}g . To;}n] s'g km"n dg k5{ eg]/ ;f]Wg x'+b}g . ;a} km"n, km"n g} x'g\ .
ltgLx?nfO{ tkfO{+n] plQs} dfof ug'{k5{ . oxfF ;okqL 5, uf]bfj/L 5, hfO{ 5, t'n;L 5, u'nfa 5,
8]lnof 5, x+;/fh 5, 6\o'lnk 5 ==== 5 . y'k|} /Ësf km"nx? 5g\ . t/ ltgsf] hft Pp6} 5 . dfofsf]
hft . ;'Gb/tfsf] hft . ;Gt'i6Lsf] hft / k|zGgtfsf] hft . d km"nsf] k|ltbfgsf] hft dfq hfGb5'
. To;eGbf aflx/ klg km"nsf] hft x'G5 eGg] dnfO{ yfx} 5}g .
of] ;fgf] km"naf/L xf] / of] eGbf a9L km"nx? d}n] udnfdf :ofxf/]sL 5' . 5tel/ 5g\
udnfx? . ;fFemdf d]/f] 5tdf ;'uGw ljr/0f ug{ yfN5 . kfx'gfx? s'/f u/]/ al;/x]sf] a]nf d]/f
dfofn' 5f]/f5f]/Lx? xfjfdf ;/// p8]/ cfp5g\, kfx'gfx?sf] ufnf d';f5{g\ / pgLx?sf] dgnfO{
;'ulGwt t'NofP/ kmgSs kmls{P/ km]l/ udnfd} ;':tfp5g\ . x]g{ dg nfUof] < l7s eGg'eof] . km"n
x]g'{k5{ .
xKtf lbgb]lv d]/f] 5]pdf cfP/ ;'lt/x]sf] of] s's'/ tkfO{+ b]lv/xg' ePsf] 5 lg Û o;nfO{
d}n] dlxgf lbgsf] 5+bf NofPsL x'+ . ;fgf] lyof] . kKkL eg]/ af]nfPy]+ . kl5 ;a}n] kKkL eGg yfn] .
clxn] of] rf}w jif{sf] eof] . rf}w jif{sf] x'+bf klg of] kKkL g} 5 . l7s} eGg'eof] . w]/} a'9f] eof] .
To;}n] s] hf8f], s] udL{ ;w}+ d]/f] n'ËLsf] km]/ ;dfP/ 5]pdf ;'T5 . uPsf Ps bh{g jif{df o;n]
d]/f] ;fx|} :ofxf/ u¥of] . of] / d slxNo} 5'l§Pgf}+ . s]6fs]6Ldf of] d]/L ;fgL 5f]/Lsf] sf]qmfsf] 5]pdf
6';'Ss a:Yof] / sf]xL dfG5] sf]qmfsf] 5]p lt/ nfUof] eg] PSsf;L emlD6GYof] . 1fgL lyof] – To;}n]
klxnf] emD6f]df 6f]sL xfNb}gYof] . bf]>f] kN6 ToxL xftn] sf]qmf] ;dfpg] sf]lzz u¥of] eg] Tof]
xftaf6 /ut aUg yflnxfNYof] . d}n] To:tf tLg cf]6f c6]/L xftx?sf] dnd k§L ug'{ k/]sf] 5 .
lbpF;f] d :s"ndf cfpy]+ . of] kKkL :s"nsf] 9f]sfdf cfP/ 6';'Ss a:Yof] . :s"n] n'ufdf cfPsf aRrf
/ lzIfsnfO{ of] 6fpsf] lgx'/fP/ gd:sf/ uYof]{ . c? l5g{ vf]h] eg] of] PskN6 a]:;/L e'SYof] .
klxnf] e'sfOnfO{ dflg;n] jf:tf u/]g eg] of] v'§fdf e'ml08g k'luxfNYof] .
t/ clxn] of] To:tf] 5}g . b]lvxfNg' eof] – k'n'Ss x]/]/ v'§fsf] 5]pdf d'v hf]t]/ al;/xG5 .
o;n] ca klg rfs/L ug'{k5{ h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g . o;n] w]/} u¥of] . cfˆgf] pd]/ eGbf a9L u¥of] .
ca of] cf/fdn] cfkm\gf afFls lbgx? sf6f];\ h:tf] nfU5 .
s's'/sf] hft lalrqsf] x'G5 . tkfO{+n] s's'/ kfNg'ePsf] 5 < 5}g < kfNg';\ . /fd|f] x'G5 .
PskN6 xfdL c:yfoL ?kdf 3/ ;/\of+} . l7s} cg'dfg ug'{eof] . xfdL dGqL Sjf6{/ uof}+ . dGqL Sjf6{/
leq sxfF s's'/ nlu/xg] eg]/ xfdLn] s's'/nfO{ 3/}df 5f]8\of}+ . 3/df efOalxgLx? a;]s} lyP /
pgLx? klg kKkLnfO{ ;fx|} dfof uy]{ . To;}n] xfdLn] Tolt jf:tf u/]gf}+ . Sjf6{/ uPsf] ef]lnkN6
laxfg efOsf] kmf]g cfof] . lar/f] kKkL /ftel/ /f]P5 . xfd|f] sf]7fsf] 5]pdf hf+bf] /x]5 . kmgSs
kmls{P/ aflx/sf] 9f]sfsf] cf8df cfP/ ?g yfNbf] /x]5 . laxfg cf7 ah];Dd klg 9f]sfsf] 5]pdf
emf]qmfP/ al;/x]sf] 5 eGg] ;'g]kl5 d xflGgb} cfPF . cfdf 5'6]sf aRrfx? cfdfnfO{ b]Vbf s;/L
emlD6G5g\ < kKkL To;/L g} xflGgb} cfof] / ;f8Ldf a]l/P/ YofRr a:of] . lar/fsf] cfFvf el/ sr]/f
lyP . d'6' s6Ss sfl6of] . To; lbgb]lv cfh;Dd o;n] dnfO{ Psl5g 5f]8]sf] 5}g . xKtf lbgb]lv
b]lv/xg' ePsf] 5 . tkfO{+ / d s'/f ul//x]5f}+ . of] hlxn] klg d]/f] v'§fsf] cf8df ;'t] h:tf] u/]/
xfd|f s'/fx? ;'lg/x]5 .
 d s'v'/fx? klg kfN5' . oxfF e'O{+df s'v'/f kfNg ;lsGg . a9L kmf]xf]/ x'G5 / dfG5]nfO{ dg
gkg]{ b'u{Gwn] cfFug ;f]xf]5{ . To;}n] d}n] dfly 3/sf] 5tdf s'v'/fsf] vf]/ agfPsL 5' . xf]Og, of]
s'g} zf]v xf]Og . s'v'/fsf] df;' vfg] /x/ xf] . ahf/sf] s'v'/fdf :jfb x'+b}g . d}n] z'?d} elgxfn]+ –
xfdL t 3/]n' s'v'/fsf] x'ndf x'ls{Psf ;Gtfg . s'v'/fsf] df;' eg]kl5 xfdL ToxL :jflbnf] /; dfq
;lDemG5f}+ . oxfF cfkm}+ d'bf{ ePsf] zx/df tkfO{+n] sxfF kfpg' Tof] :jfb < To;}n] d}n] Pp6f ; ;fgf]
vf]/ agfP/ cfkm"nfO{ rflxg] s'v'/f cfkm}+ x'sf{pg] sfd yfn]+ . clxn] cfgGb 5 . vf]/df Ps bh{g
eGbf a9L s'v'/f x'G5g\ . 3/df Hoft\ljlQ df;' vfOb}g . To;}n] df;'sf] wLt dl//x]5 .
ahf/sf] df;' vfg cln dg nfUb}g . tkfO{+n] l7s} cg'dfg ug'{eof] . g]kfndf :jf:Yo /
df;'sf aLrdf s'g} ;DaGw x'+b}g . klxn] klxn] d /f+ufsf] klg df;' vfGy]+ . t/ Pslbg d}n]
lji0f'dltsf] lsgf/df dfG5] / sf6]sf] /f+uf] 5]p5]pd} kf]n]sf] b]v]+ . Tof] lbgb]lv d}n] /f+uf] vfg 5f]8]+ .
o:t} bz jif{ hlt eof] xf]nf . z'?df sf7df08f} cfpbf d ;'+u'/, a+u'/sf] df;' klg vfGy]+ . kl5 gfnL
rfl6/x]sf /f]uL ;'+u'/sf] ayfg b]v]kl5 d}n] oxfFsf] ;'+u'/ klg vfg 5f]8]+ . ;'+u'/sf] df;' vfg' kbf{
xfdL 3/d} va/ k7fp5f}+ . ahf/sf] v;Lsf] df;' vfg 5f]8]sf] klg kfFr ;ft jif}{ eof] xf]nf . v;L
vfg' k¥of] eg] xfdL s]xL ;fyLx? ldN5f}+ . l;Ë} v;L lsg]/ Nofp5f}+ / cfkm}+ sf6s'6 u5f}+{ .
x]g'{;\, of] s;}k|lt cf/f]k xf]Og . s;} k|ltsf] lj/f]w klg xf]Og . d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ b'O6f s'/f
eGg rfx]sL dfq x'+ . klxn]f t d e/;s cfkm\g} kl/>dsf] kmn dfq vfg kfp+ eG7fG5' / To;sf
nflu kl/>d u5'{ . d;Fu hUuf e}lbPsf] eP d oxfF cfkm}+ ;'+u'/ klg kfNg] lyPF . zfob v;L klg
kfNg] lyPF . To;}n] of] lj/f]w efj dfq xf]Og . bf]>f] rflx+, :jf:Yo k|ltsf] cfkm\g} ;Da]bgzLntf
xf]nf . d}n] tkfO{+nfO{ /fFuf] sf6]sf] / dfG5] kf]n]sf] s'/f] ;'gfPF lg Û d Pslbg lji0f'dltsf] k'n
tl//x]sL lyPF . dfG5] /fv]sf] zf]nfsf] cfuf] r6666 ub}{} cfsfz lt/ xflGgO/x]sf] lyof] . k6\ofs\
k6\ofs\ cfjfh lgsfn]/ ToxfFaf6 p7]sf lemNsf / sf]Onfx? bflxg] b]a|]lt/ 5l/O/x]sf lyP . l7s
To;sf] blIf0flt/, k/fndf 5f]lkPsf] 7"nf] /fFuf] kf]lnO/x]sf] lyof] / nf;sf] cfuf]n] kmfn]sf
lemNsfx?n] ToxfFsf] cfuf];Fu ldt nfO/x]sf lyP . Tolta]n} d}n] cfkm"n] /fFufsf] df;' vfg] u/]sf
;Demgf eof] . d]/f] z/L/ y/// sfDof] . d'v' x'n's x'n's ug{ yfNof] . d xtf/ xtf/ sf]7f lt/
kmls{PF . 3/sf] wf/f 5]pdf cfO gk'Ub} d}n] klxn]f kN6 x'n'Ss u/]+ . e/v/} vfPsf] lrof d'v}
l3gfpbf] kfb}{ e'O{+df kf]lvof] . Tof] cf/De /x]5 . lbgel/ d}n] 5flb/x]+ .
tkfO{+ cg'dfg ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 < d kGw| lbg lj/fdL k/]+ . dnfO{ s'g} cf}iflwn] 5f]Pg . cGtdf
d}n] /fFuf] vfGg eg]/ lsl/o} vfPF . d lgsf] ePF .
36gf oxL xf] . o;nfO{ tkfO{+ ;dy{g of lj/f]w h] klg eGg ;Sg'x'G5 .
d s'g} ljlzi6 dlxnf xf]Og . o;f] gegL lbg';\ . d Pp6L cfdf x'+ . Pp6L u[lx0fL x'+ / d
cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] :jf:Yosf] x]/rfx u5'{ . d;Fu ePsf] ;dosf] d ;b'kof]u ug{ rfxG5' . km';{b
lgsfn]/ a:g dnfO{ lgsf] nfUb}g . To;}n] laxfg}b]lv d s'g} g s'g} sfddf clNemO/x]sL x'G5 . of]
cNemfO{n] d]/f] :jf:ysf] /Iff u/]sf] 5 . :jf:Yosf] /Iff eg]sf] d]/f] ljxfgsf] rnv]nn] z/L/ agfPsf]
5 . cfˆgf] cfFvf cufl8sf] pTkfbg vfg kfO/x]sf] x'gfn] To;n] klg z/L/nfO{ /fd}| u/]sf] 5 .
:s"ndf d lbgel/ gfgLx?;Fu /dfp5' / a]n'sf 3/df cfPkl5 ple|Psf sfdx? l;Wofp5' . oL s]
gofF gf}nf s'/f x'g\ / < s'g} klg dfG5]sf] hLjg o;} u/L rNg] xf]Og <
dfG5] /fVg] cfjZostf gk/]/} xf] . >Ldfg dGqL x'+bf ;a}n] 7"nL b]lvg' k5{, dGqf0fL x'g'k5{
eg]/ s/s/ u/\of x'gfn] 3/]n' gf]s/ /fv]sL lyPF . kl5 Tof] kl/jf/s} ;b:o eof] . nf6n'6 ub}{gYof]
. rf]/L rsf/L slxNo} ePg . ufnL ubf{ xfF:Yof], dfof ubf{ gfRYof] . kfFr jif{ a:of] . 3/s} 5f]/f] eP/
a:of] . kl5 kl5 t c? dfly clwsf/ 7fg]/} xfFs8fFs ug{ yfNof] . dfG5]n], dflQof] eg]/ u'gf;f] klg
u/] . t/ Tof] dflQPsf] lyPg . Tof] 3/sf] s]xL tndfly gxf];\ eGYof] . s;}n] km"n rnfO lbP p
/lGsGYof] . s'v'/f lh:SofPsf] b]Vof] eg] p kmlGsGYof] . To;}n] p dflQPsf] lyPg .
xf]Og, æw]/} a;]+ . ca c?sf] 3/df gf]s/ x'g ;lSbg . afgL lalu|of] . s'g dflnsn]
gf]s/nfO{ 5f]/f] agfp5 / < To;}n] 3/ hfG5', labf lbg';\Æ eGof] . d}n] ljbf lbPF . clxn] 3/ uPsf]
5 . a]nf a]nfdf cfO/xG5 . slxn] l3p lnP/ cfp5 . slxn] dx lnP/ cfp5 . slxn] r's lnP/
cfp5 . vfqfª ldlqª af]s]/ cfO/xG5 . b'O rf/ lbg a:5 . sf]7f rf]6f rfxf5{ . clg /dfpb} labf
x'G5 .
xf]Og, /flVbg . klxn]f t dnfO{ dfG5] rflxPsf] 5}g . bf]>f] ca To:tf] dfG5] kfObf klg
kfOb}g .
s'g} l;4fGt xf]Og . s'g} lbg z/L/ yfs]5, dgn] sfd ug{ ;lSbg eg]/ ljbf dfu]5 eg]
;f]r'+nf .
Pp6f s'/f ;f]w'+ < tkfO{+ hlta]nf klg 6\jfSs of] l;4fGt xf] eGg' x'G5 < s] xf] of] l;4fGt
eg]sf] < hLjg ;+rfngsf] s'g} l;4fGt x'G5 < x'G5 eg] atfOlbg';\ t Tof] l;4fGt k9fpg] s'g
ljZjljBfno xf] <
x]g'{;\, hLjg eg]sf] ;xh lylt xf] . To;nfO{ l;4fGtsf hGhfnx?n] gh]Ng';\ . dfG5]nfO{
;lhn/L afFRg lbg';\ . cfkm\g} cj:yfn] dfG5]nfO{ lsr]/ gdf?g\ eg]/ xf]lzof/ x'g';\ . dnfO{ aft
aftdf l;4fGt, gLlt eg]sf] dg kb}{g . cfˆgf] hLjg lhpg] xf] . c? s;}sf] ;fk6L lhGbuL NofP/
cfkm"nfO{ arfpg ;lsb}g Sof / Û / cfˆgf] hLjg lhpg' eg]sf] cfˆgf] OR5f cg';f/ rNg' xf] . clg
tkfO{+nfO{ yfx} 5 – OR5f kmnfdsf] kf6] 58 xf]Og . Tof] d/\ofs\ d'?s\ x'g] /a/ klg xf]Og . Tof]
Pp6f o:tf] :jtGqtf xf] h;nfO{ tkfO{+ s'g} klg lx;fan] 5'g} ;Sg'x'Gg . h;nfO{ t]:of{P/ cyjf
a6f/]/ /fVg] ;fwg of] wtL{df hlGdPs} 5}g .
;a} sfd cfkm}+ ug'{;\, cfkm\gf sf/0f c?nfO{ b'Mv glbg';\, /dfpg l;Sg';\ / /dfO/xg';\ .
vfln ga:g';\ / tkfO{+sf] ;do ple|Psf] 5 eGg] cfkm"nfO{ efg kg{ klg glbg';\ . h] dg nfU5 ug'{;\
. a;\, hLjg lhpg] l;4fGt eg]sf] olQ xf], olb s'g} l;4fGt x'G5 eg] .
 d]/f] ?rL
of] t cfˆgf] cfˆgf] b[li6sf]0f xf] . w]/} k|Zg tkfO{+n] ;f]Wg'eof] . dnfO{ Pp6f k|Zg ;f]Wg
lbg';\ . eGg';\ t, s] tkfO{+ hLjgnfO{ af/ af/ a]xf]g{ kfpg' x'G5 < s] dl/;s]kl5 st} csf]{ dfG5]
eP/ hlGdg kfOG5 eGg] tkfO{+nfO{ nfU5 <
l7s eGg'eof] . k"j{hGd of k'gh{Gdsf s'g} cfwf/x? clxn];Dd b]lvPsf 5}gg\ . ltgLx?
sNkgf x'g\ . pkGof;sf/sf l;h{gf x'g\ . hLjg sxL+ bf]xf]l/Psf] 5}g . Tof] PskN6 cf/De x'G5 /
;lsPkl5 Tof] ;bfsf nflu ;dfKt x'G5 . g ;[i6Lsf] cf/Desf xfd|f ;'lDgdf / kf?xfª st} 5g\ g
t tkfO{+x?sf a|x\df, lji0f' / dx]Zj/ g} st} 5g\ . 5g\ eg] ltgLx? emu8fsf lap ag]/ dflg;x?sf]
dgnfO{ ljiffQm kfg{ afFlr/x]sf 5g\ . dfG5] lsg kf]lvPsf ljifx?nfO{ a6'n]/ hLjgnfO{ bfuL agfpg
rfxG5 <
p;} klg hLjg eg]sf] 3fd xf] / < cfh c:tfOxflnof], ef]ln laxfg} cfpbf c? Eofpnf
eg]/ afFls sfdsf nflu hLjgn] ;do 5'6\ofpg ;S5 < ;Sb}g . To;}n] d cfˆgf] hLjgnfO{
jt{dfgd} ef]Ug rfxG5' . d/]kl5 a9Ldf d Oltxf; ag'+nf . t/ d km]l/ csf]{ dfG5] aGg ;lSbg .
;'lDgdf ;Gtfgx?n] ;lDemO/xg] Pp6L cfdf aGg ;SnL t/ Tof] ;'lDgdf cfkm\gf ;Gtfgx?sf]
sfvdf n'6'k'6' v]Ng] gofF aflnsf eP/ hlGdg slxNo} ;lSbg .
hLjgnfO{ oxL cy{df af]w u/]sL x'gfn], km';{b eGg] zJb;Fu d lrl9G5' . ToxL lr9n] xf]nf
d ;w}+el/ sfddf nflu/xg dg k/fp5' . laxfg p7]b]lv a]n'sf l;/fgLdf 6fpsf] gla;fpGh]n s]xL
g s]xL ul//xg rfxG5' . laxfg au}+rfsf km"nx?;Fu /dfp, lbgel/ hLjgsf km"nx?;Fu /dfp /
;fFem k/]kl5 kl/jf/sf km"nx?;Fu /dfp . sNkgf ug'{; t, s:tf] ;+uLt h:tf] hLjg Û
cx+, To;nfO{ d}n] hLjgsf] Ao:ttf eGg] u/]sL 5}g . of] t Pp6f qmd xf] . hLpg] qmd .
cfˆgf] hLjgsf] ;fy{stf lg/Gt/sf] s[ofzLntfdf x'G5 xf]Og / < ;'t]/ a:g';Fu hLjgsf] ;DaGw
s;/L :yflkt x'G5 < Tof] eg]sf] t hLjgsf] cy{xLgtf dfq xf] . To;}n] cfˆgf] dgnfO{ km';{b hfx]/
x'g] hLjg latfpg d ;lSbg x'+nf .
cx+, dnfO{ k6Ss} dg kb}{g . Tof] eg]sf] k|of]hgxLg hLjgn] zfGTjgfsf] ;f; km]g]{ 7fpF xf] .
sfd gePkl5 dflg;nfO{ ;don] vfg vf]H5 . a]sfdsf nflu ;do bGt]syfsf] /fIf; h:tf] x'G5 .
To;}n] dflg;x? To:tf 7fpFdf klg hfFbf x'g\ . t/ d hfg ;lSbg . c+, Eofplbg eGg'eP klg x'G5 .
cyjf hfg dg ulb{g elglbg' eP klg x'G5 . tkfO{+n] dnfO{ To:tf 7fpFdf zfob} b]Vg'ePsf] xf]nf .
cfˆgf] OR5fn] t d sxL+ hf+b} hfGg . xf], d]/f] >Ldfgn] c;fWo} s/ u/]kl5 slxn]sfxL+ d tL
7fpFx?df klg hfG5' . jif{sf] Psfw k6s d To:tf le8x?df k'u]sL 5' . t/ hltk6s ToxfF k'U5' –
Toltk6s d lj/lQmP/ kmls{g] u/]sL 5' . Tof] hd36sf] sNkgf ug'{;\ t . tkfO{+ Pp6f xf]6ndf
x'g'x'G5 . cyjf tkfO{+ Pp6f km/flsnf] 3fF;] d}bfgdf x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+sf] xftdf Pp6f lunf; 5 .
To;df w]/}h;f] /S;L x'G5 . cyjf tkfO{+ eb| x'g'x'+bf] /x]5 eg] To;df kfgL klg x'g;S5 . tkfO{+
nf]Ug]dfG5] x'g'x'G5 eg] bfDnf] afFlwPsf] tkfO{+sf] uw{g c//f] eP/ dfG5]sf] x'ndf s;}nfO{ vf]lh/x]sf]
x'g;S5 . tkfO{+ :jf:gLdfG5] x'g'x'G5 eg] u/uxgfn] ;lhPsf] tkfO{+sf] gfËf] uw{gn] nf]Ug]dfG5]sf]
cfFvfsf] lzsf/ a]xf]/L /x]sf] x'g ;S5 . To;afx]s ToxfF s] x'G5 <
tkfO{+sf] egfOnfO{ d c;To eGg ;lSbg . t/ s] TolQ sfdsf nflu l/;]K;g eGg] c+u|]hL
zJb /fv]/ hf+8 e§L g} vf]Ng'k5{ < tkfO{+ Pp6f ;fgf], ;fbf ;df/f]x u/]/ 5nkmn ug{ ;Sg'x'Gg <
rflxg] dflg;x?nfO{ sf]7fdf e]nf u/]/ 5nkmn rnfpg ;Sg'x'Gg < ;Sg'k5{ . lsgeg] sfdsfhL
dflg;x?sf] nIf0f o:t}df b]lvG5 .
kf6L{ t ;do / k|lti7fsf] af3rfn dfq xf] .
d tkfO{+nfO{ Pp6f /dfOnf] 36gf ;'gfcf}+ < Tolta]nf d]/f] >Ldfg dGqL x'g'x'GYof] / dGqLsL
kTgL ePsf] gftfn] dnfO{ Pp6f kf6L{df af]nfOPsf] lyof] . kf6L{ ePsf] 7fpF < g;f]Wgf];\ . n]Vg
gldNg] 7fpF eg]/ 5f]l8lbg' eP x'G5 . Pp6f gofF kl/j]z, gofF dflg;x? eg]/ xfdL ;a}df pQ]hgf
km}lnPsf] lyof] . To;}n] Tof] kf6L{sf] d]/f] pkl:ylt d]/} nflu klg ?rLsf] ljifo ag]sf] lyof] . Tolt
7"nf dfG5]nfO{ d}n] To;eGbf klxn] Tolt glhsaf6 b]v]sL lyOg . d'n'ssf ;a}eGbf 7"nf
dflg;x?sf] hdft ToxfF pkl:yt lyof] / dnfO{ cfˆgf] ToxfFsf] pkl:ylt k|lt z'?df uj{ nfu]sf]
lyof] .
ToxL uj{sf] cg'e"ltn] xf]nf, kf6L{df hfFbf d 7fFl§P/} uPsL lyPF . 6fpsfb]lv k}+tfnf;Ddsf]
kf]zfsdf x]l//x'+ h:t} nfUg] eP/ uPsL lyPF . d]/f] >Ldfgn] lx+8\g] a]nfdf dnfO{ lh:Sofpb}
eGg'ePsf] lyof], æDof8d, xh'/sf] 8«fOe/ xflh/ 5 . Æ pxfFsf] af]nLsf] nuQ} xfdL b'a} hgf d/L
d/L xfF;]sf lyof}+ . pxfFsf] 7§fn] dnfO{ nfh nfu]sf] lyPg . …ToxfF s] s] g xf]nfÚ eGg] pQ]hgfn] a?
dnfO{ cln cln nf]nfPsf] lyof] .
uf8Lx?sf] TolQ ;fx|f] eL8 lyPg . cyf{t xfdL ;dod} k'u]sf lyof}+ / xfdL ToxfF k'u]sf]
a]nfsf] eL8 ;fg} lyof] .
xfdL uPsf] Psl5gkl5 6«]df lrlKnPsf lunf;x? cfpg yfn] . ;fg}b]lv /S;Lx?sf] ;+utdf
a;]sL x'gfn], s'g jfOg xf], s'g x\jL:sL xf], s'g ;f]8f xf], s'g sf]s xf], s'g hLg xf] / s'g kfgL xf]
eg]/ d 5'6\ofpg ;Sy]+ . d}n] ;a} lunf;x? lgofn]/ x]/]+ . ToxfF d}n] vfg] s]xL lyPg . dnfO{ cgf}7f]
nfUof] – Toqf] 7"nf] 7fpFdf d Pshgf cbgf :jf:gLdfG5]n] vfg] s]xL 5}g . s] ;a} 7"nf 7fpFx? o:t}
x'G5g\ < s] 7"nf 7fpFdf lkpg] kfgLsf] clgsfn nfU5 < Tof] eL8df d}n] cfˆgf] pkl:yltsf] cf}lrTo
b]lvg . d Pp6f s'gfdf plePF .
d]/f] n'ufnfO{ lgofn]/ x]b}{ a]o/fn] ;f]Wof], æDof8d, s] NofpF <Æ
dnfO{ nfUof] a]o/fn] d]/f] uw{gsf] uxgf / d]/f] ldn]sf] n'ufnfO{ s]xL ;f]lw/x]sf] 5 . t/
To;n] t pQ/ lb+b}gYof] . To;}n] n'ufsf] k|ltlglw eP/ d}n] eg]+, æs] tkfO{+x? kfgL lbg ;Sg'x'G5 <Æ
a]o/f 5Ss k/\of] . zfob p;sf] dgn] eGof] xf]nf – /S;L gvfg] s:tL cfOdfO{ xf]nf xf] <
p;n] lgofn]/ dnfO{ x]/\of] . d]/f] cg'xf/n] p;nfO{ emg cfZro{df kf/\of] .
a]o/fn] dnfO{ kfgL NofP/ lb+bf p;sf] cg'xf/df kf]ltPsf cfZro{sf /]zfx? cf}+zLsf] /ftsf
tf/fx? h;/L 5n{Ë b]lvPsf lyP .
/ft ulxl/+b} hfg yfn]kl5 kf6L{ tfdemfd a9\b} hfg yfNof] . dfgf} kf6L{ / /ft eGg]x? dg
ldNg] bDklQ x'g\ . gSsnL pHofnf]n] sf]7fnfO{ /fd|f] kfg{ vf]lhPsf] lyof] . t/ tL aQLx?, dfG5]n]
nufPsf n'ufx? h:tf dfq lyP . cyjf o;f] egf}+, dfG5]sf n'uf / aflnPsf aQLx? p:t} p:t} lyP
. Tof] 7"nf] xndf cfFvf vfg] pHofnf] lyof], t/ sf]7f aflx/sf] jf:tljs ;+;f/ cToGt} c+Wof/f] lyof] .
kf6L{sf dflg;x? klg aflx/af6 b]lvg] ;kSs ldn]sf n'ufx?df ;'Gb/ lyP, t/ ltgLx? leqsf]
dfG5] dflt;s]sf] lyof] . pgLx?sf] sf]6 / k]06sf] lqmh ;nSs k/]sf] lyof] . t/ pgLx?sf] dg
x'/Lsf] df/df k/]sf] afF; h;/L nrs nrs e}/x]sf] lyof] .
Pp6f s'gfdf pleP/ 5]p5fp lt/ cfFvf 8f]nfpbf d}n], b]zsf Pp6f 7"nf dflg;nfO{ dft]/
nv{l/+b} u/]sf] e]6]+ . pxfFsf] af]nL lkª h;/L xlNnO/x]sf] lyof] / Psl5g kl5 pxfF pleg g;s]/
YofRr a:g' eof] . p;} klg pxfFsf] Hofg y]lug ;Sg] vfnsf] lyPg . d]/f] dgdf bof knfof] . t/
ToxfFsf] ;Eotfn] pxfFnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ lbb}g ls h:tf] dnfO{ nfUof] . To;}a]nf pxfFsf] cf]7sf] bflxg]
sfkaf6 Ps yf]kf] /fn r'lxP/ bf}/fsf] km]/df em/]sf] cldlNrPsf] b[io dfly em'l08Psf] aQLn] klg
b]Vof] .
/S;L vfPkl5 dft]/ a]xfn ePsf w]/} dflg;x?nfO{ d}n] klxn] klg b]lv;s]sf] lyPF . To;}n]
dnfO{ Oltxf;sf] s'g} sfnv08sf 7"nf dfG5]sf] /fn b]v]/ l3g nfu]g . /S;Ln] dft]sf] dfG5]n] lxSs
lxSs ub}{ 5fb]sf] d}n] b]v]sL 5' . cfˆgf] r]tgfnfO{ gd:t] u/]/ e}+;L uf]7df k'u]kl5 nofn' cf]5\ofg
;lDemP/ ndtGg k/]/ ;'t]sf] klg b]v]sL 5' . PskN6 Pp6f dtfxfnfO{ d}n] kfOvfgfsf] 9f]sfdf
:ju{sf] OGb|f;g ;lDemP/ lha|f] a6fb}{ cl;d cfgGbdf n'6k'l6O/x]sf] klg e]6]sL 5' . To;}n] /+lug
kf6L{df xlNnO/x]sf] Tof] dflg; s;/L 3/ k'Ubf] xf] eGb} d csf]{ 5]plt/ nfu]+ .
t/ 5]pn] klg dnfO{ zflGt lbPg . Tof] /ft d}n] /fd|} n'uf nfPsL lyPF eg]/ d}n] tkfO{+nfO{
elg;s]sL 5' . d]/f] sf+wdf ;'gsf] l;qmL lyof] / xftdf ;'gsf r'/fx? lyP . t/ dflg; d]/f] ;'g
b]v]/ dlt/ nf]lePsf xf]nfg\ eGg] dnfO{ nfu]g . 3/df s'v'/f 5f]Kbf xfd|f] cfFvfdf h:tf] g;f gfRYof]
– d]/f] 5]pdf cfPsf k'?ifx?sf] cfFvfdf d ToxL gzf b]Vy]+ . ltgLx?sf n/al/Psf cf]7 / s'x'g
cfF6]sf 6df6/ h:tf /ftf cfFvfx?n] l3gnfUbf] jf;gf kf]lv/x]sf lyP . Ps}l5gdf cfkm"nfO{
lzsf/Lx?sf] cfFvfaf6 s;/L hf]ufpg] eGg] lk/n] dnfO{ ;dfTof] . d :jf:gLdfG5]x?sf] eL8lt/
x/fpg vf]h]+ . t/ ltgLx? t k'?ifx? eGbf klg a9L dflt;s]sf /x]5g\ .
tkfO{+ To;} eGg klg ;Sg'x'G5 . t/ d kf6L{ b]Vb} gb]v]sL :jf:gLdfG5] xf]Og . d kf6L{x?df
x'ls{PsL aRrL x'+ . d}n] lszf]/sfndf ef]u]sf] kf6L{ olt l3gnfUbf] x'+b}gYof] . d}n] s]6fs]6Ldf ef]u]sf
kf6L{x?df dfG5]x? /S;Lsf] /; gkfP/ ;'Svf ePsf 3}+6f h:tf x'+b}gy] . Tof] 7"nf] kf6L{df t d}n]
dfG5]x?nfO{ /S;Ln] ltvf{Psf] sfsfs'nsf] ?kdf e]6]+ . dfgf}+ ltgLx? jiff}{+b]lv /S;Lsf nflu ltvf{Psf
lyP / e/v/} pgLx?sf] Tof] k|ltIff k'/f ePsf] 5 . pgLx? o;/L /S;L tGsfO/x]sf lyP – dfgf}+ km]l/
pgLx?n] slxNo} /S;Lsf] cg'xf/ b]Vg kfpb}gg\ . pgLx? Tolta]nf d?e"ldsf] aLrdf hlGdPsf]
kf]v/Ldf k'u]sf pF6x? h:tf ePsf lyP .
5\of Û
xf]Og, xf]Og . d}n] s'g} Pp6f dfG5]sf], cfkm"n] 7"nf] eg]/ lrg]sf] dfG5]sf] af/]df l6Kk0fL u/]/
pxfFsf] a]OHht ug{ vf]h]sf] xf]Og . ToxfF t d}n] w]/}nfO{ dft]sf] b]v]sL lyPF . s;}sf ufnf /ftf
ePsf lyP . sf]xL sfg /ftf] kf/]/ /5\ofg ugfP h;/L x\jf:x\jf:tL x'+b} otf / ptf nf]ls{O/x]sf lyP
. s;}sf cfFvf pNn'sf h:tf b]lvGy] . sf]xL lz/ g k'R5/sf ukm xfFls/x]sf lyP . gdft]sfx? /
dfG5]sf] ;2]kgfdf plePsfx? ToxfF ;fx|} yf]/} dfq lyP .
tkfO{+nfO{ klg yfxf xf]nf, dft]kl5 dfG5]sf] cfFvfn] :jf:gLdfG5]sf] z/L/sf] lzsf/ ug{
yfN5 . ltgLx? axfgf agfO{ agfO{ 9]l:;g cfp5g\ . s;}n] t lk7\o'+ g} klg ;'d;'Dofpg yfN5g\ .
cfwf ufu|f] 5rlNsP h;/L cfwf dft]sf :jf:gLdflg;x? klg Tof] 9];f9];nfO{ eoÍ/ 7"nf] ;Eotfsf]
lrgf] 7fG5g\ . pgLx? Pp6f v;|f] xftsf] ;'d;'DofOnfO{ ;jf{gGbsf] cg'e"lt 7fG5g\ .
d dft]sL lyOg . To;}n] d lsgf/ vf]Hb} eflu/x]sL lyPF . d]/f cfFvfx? dfG5]sf xft /
cfFvfx?sf] jf;gf b]v]/ tl;{g yfn]sf lyP . To;}n] /S;L gvfPsf sf]xL 5g\ ls eg]/ lunf;
lgofNb} d otfptf klG5/x]sL lyPF . of] ofqfdf d rflx]g] eGbf a9L dfG5]sf] /ldtf x]l//x]sL lyPF .
;do 3ls{+b} uof] . nf]Ug]dfG5]sf] eL8 :jf:gLdfG5]x?;Fu emg a9L 9]l:;g yfNof] . afSnf]
uw{gdf ux'|+uf ;'gsf uxgf nfPsf :jf:gLdfG5]x? klg 5l/tf sf]6x?sf] vf]hLdf lgl:sP, dfgf}
kf6L{, /ftsf] a'6\ofg] emf8L xf] .
d}n] cfˆgf] >LdfgnfO{ eg]+, ædnfO{ tkfO{+x?sf] kf6L{;Fu l3g nfUof] . 3/ hf}+ .Æ
t/ To:tf kf6L{df 7"nf–a8f glx+8L ;fgfx?sf] 3/ hfg] af6f] v'Nbf] /x]g5 . dfgf}+ kf6L{
geP/ Tof] Pp6f 7"nf] em\ofnvfg xf];\ . d dg df/]/ v'lDrPF . d]/f] dgn] ;f]Wof], æsfd gePsf
7"nfa8fx? /ftel/ a:g] eP eg] sfdsfhL cbgfx?sf] s'g a]xfn xf]nf <Æ
dg lttf] eof] . dgsf] lttf] d'vdf klg cfpg yfNof] . s'/fsfgLdf /dfOnf] ePg .
dfG5]x?af6 aRg d >Ldfgsf] kl5 kl5 bf}l8g] k'tnL h:tL ePF . b'O{ hgf :jf:gLdflg;n] dnfO{
nIf ub}{ eg], ækv]gL /}5 . klxnf]kN6 kf6L{ b]v]h:tL 5 . nf]Ug] afx]s c?;Fu af]Ng klg ;lSbg
h:tf] 5 .Æ
dnfO{ l/; p7]g . b'O6L eb| dlxnfx? k|lt d bofn' ePF .
 /ftL kf6L{ ;lsPkl5 xfdL 3/df cfof}+ . kf6L{df vfg uPsfx?sf nflu r'Nxf] klv{P/ a;]sf]
lyPg . t/ ef]sn] dnfO{ ;'Tg klg lbPsf] lyPg . d cfkm}+ r'nfdf r9]+ . l56f] 5l/tf] u/]/ d}n] eft,
tf]/Lsf] u'Gb|'s / 6df6/sf] crf/ agfPF .
d, d]/f] >Ldfg / xfd|f] 8«fOe/sf nflu Tof] vfGsL cd[t g} eof] .
csf]{ ;fgf dflg;x?sf] kf6L{sf] klg dnfO{ ;Demgf 5 . xfdL Pp6f xf]6ndf lyof}+ . s]
ljifodf Tof] kf6L{ lbOPsf] xf] dnfO{ yfxf lyPg . t/ ;a} dflg;x?sf] xftdf kx]+nf], ;]tf], a}hgL
/Ësf] kfgL el/Psf] lunf; lyof] . w]/}sf] xftdf x\jL:sLsf] lunf; lyof] . s]xLn] jfOg ;dft]sf lyP
/ Psfw hgfn] xn'sf k]o kbfy{ ;dft]sf lyP .
dfG5]x? cfO/x]sf lyP . dnfO{ nfUb} lyof] – Tof] xn'sf jftfj/0fdf dflg;x? dg vf]n]/
s'/f ug]{5g\ . cfkm\gf cufl8 kxf8 klN6Psf ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg]5g\ . ToxfF vfln
;j{;fwf/0f hgtf dfq lyPgg\, ToxfF d'n'ssf dGqLx? lyP . b]z ljb]zsf /fhb'tx? lyP . ;f+;bx?
lyP . 7"n 7"nf clkm;/x? lyP . To;}n] dnfO{ nfUof] ToxfF ltgLx? ToxfF cfgGbn] cfˆgf] 1fg
;f6km]/ ug{ ;S5g\ . of] vlr{nf] cfof]hgnfO{ pgLx? kmnbfoL lgisif{df abNg ;S5g\ .
t/ ToxfF s;}n] klg ulDe/ jftf{ rnfPsf] b]lvPg . dflg;x? k+w]/fsf] ukmdf Ao:t lyP .
d]/f] 5]pdf plePsf :jf:gLdflg;x?nfO{ ;f8Lsf] /+usf] lrGtf lyof] . s;sf] unfdf s:tf] ;'gsf]
l;qmL 5 eg]/ ltgLx? s'/f klg ul//x]sf lyP . pgLx?sf nflu Tof] kf6L{, ;f8L / uxgfsf] ;f]s]zdf
cg'jfb ePsf] lyof]] .
k'?ifx? klg Tof] eGbf dfly lyPgg\ . 8]9 306f;Dd ltgLx? cy{g ay{sf ukm 5f+l6/x]sf
lyP . k|foM dfG5]x? ;f]Wy] – ;Gr} x'g'x'G5 < dnfO{ cgf}7f] nfUYof] – ;Grf] gePsf] eP dflg; s;/L
kf6L{df cfpg ;SYof] . Tof] ;Gr}sf 7fpFdf a?, cfhef]ln tkfO{+ s] ub}{ x'g'x'G5 < s'g} gofF pBd
yfNg'eof] ls < s'g} gofF lstfa n]Vg' eof] ls < s'g} gofF cg';Gwfg ug'{eof] ls < eg]/ ;f]Wg] u/]
slt /dfOnf] x'GYof] < t/ b'O 306f dfG5]x?sf] aLrdf ?dlNn+bf klg d}n] s;}n] s;};Fu o:tf] k|Zg
;f]w]sf] ;'lgg .
x]g'{;\, d kf6L{x?nfO{ k|of]hgxLg sfo{qmd 7fG5' . To;nfO{ s'g} klg ts{n] c;n sfdsf
?kdf k'i6\ofpg} ;lsb}g eGg] d]/f] ljZjf; xf] . t/ ;a}df oxL ljZjf; x'g'k5{ eGg] s]xL 5}g . xf]nf,
dflg;n] kf6L{x?af6 /dfOnf] uLt klg agfPsf xf]nfg\ . lhGbuLnfO{ OGb|]gLdf kf]t]/ dgsf] cfsfzdf
6f+u]sf klg xf]nfg\ . s;}sf nflu ToxL g} ;Eotf xf]nf . s;}sf nflu ToxL g} lhGbuLsf] ;a}eGbf
/dfOnf] If0f xf]nf .
=== === ===

hfGg . d cfˆgf] tkm{af6 kf6L{x?df hfGg . clxn];Dd d csf{sf nflu dfq kf6L{df uPsL
5' / To:tf] jfWotf k¥of] eg] d ef]ln klg kf6L{df hfpFnf . t/ tkfO{+nfO{ elgxfnf}+ – kf6L{ eg]sf]
d]/f] dgsf] df}nf] xf] / kf6L{sf] /ft eg]sf] d]/f nflu ci6dLsf] laxfg xf] .
a'em\g' eof] xf]Og <
To:tf] klg xf]Og . /dfOnf]sf] cy{ xfd|f nflu /dfOnf] g} x'G5 . k|foM xfdL ;fFemdf cfˆgf]
3/df e]nf x'G5f}+ . km/flsnf] 5tdf xfdL Ps csf{sf syfx? ;'G5f}+ . xfdL To;}df /dfp5f}+ .
vf;u/]/ rGb|dfn] lnkkf]t u/]/ pHofnf] kf/]sf] cfsfzsf] dem]/Ldf lgbfpg lgbfpg vf]h]sf
tf/fx?nfO{ x]b}{ xfdL dgsf uLtx? uBdf ufpg] u5f}{+ . cf}+;Ldf rflx+ 5t a]:jfbsf] x'G5 eGg] xf]Og
. xfdL uf]nf] 3]/fdf plgP/ ;KtClifsf xfFufx? sf]6\ofpg yfN5f}+ . w|'jtf/f] k/ lIflthdf af; a:g
vf]h] h:tf] b]lvG5 . xfdL w|'jtf/f]sf] syf xfN5f}+ . xfdLnfO{ cfˆgf] jfNosfn kmls{P h:tf] nfU5 .
xfdL gfgLx?;Fu s]6fs]6L x'G5f}+ . /ft 9n]kl5 kl5 xfdL ;a} Ps}rf]6L efG;fdf cf]ln{G5f}+ . ldn]/
vfgf agfp5f}+ . ;+u} a;]/ vfG5f}+ / syf s'y'Ë|L xfNb} vfG5f}+ . /ft lgbfpg vf]Hb}5 eGg] dx;';
ePkl5 xfdL c+ufnf] xfn]/ Ps csf{af6 ljbfjfbL x'G5f}+ .
To;nfO{ xfdL kf6L{ eGb}gf}+ . Tof] xfd|f] kl/jf/sf] k'gld{ng xf] . ToxfF dg ef/L eP/ sf]xL
cfp+b}g . ToxfF afWotfsf] lzsf/ ag]/ sf]xL ple+b}g . To;}n] s'g} a]nf xfd|f] ldng ;GWofdf b'O
bh{g eOG5 t slxn] cfwf bh{g . t/ ;+Vof hlt eP klg e]63f6sf] ld7f; ;w}+ ufu|Lel/sf] kfgL
h:tf] x'G5 .
To:tf] xf]Og . vfg dg nfUbf g, /]i6'/f+df hfg] xf] . /]i6'/f+sf] vfg} ld7f] nfUb}g eg] ToxfF
lsg hfg] < p;} klg sf7df08f}df cfFvfn] gb]v]sf] lzsf/ gvfg' eG5g\ hflgkmsf/x? . e'; eGbf
klg sfd gnfUg] s'v'/f] / ;]lkP/ d/]sf] afv|fsf] df;'sf kl/sf/n] /]i6'+/f /+luPsf] x'G5 eG5g\ ;Nnfx
lbg] dflg;x? . s'?ktf 5f]Kg cg'xf/df ;'Gb/tfsf s[lqd n]k nufP/, /+lug ss{6 kftf h;/L
/+ufOPsf ;f+k|fx?n] To;sf] jf:tljs cl:tTjnfO{ n'sfO;s]sf] x'G5 . tkfO{+ /f]un] d/]sf] s'v'/fsf]
;f+k|f] r'l;/xg' ePsf] 5 ls sf6]/ dfl/Psf] s'v'/fsf] :jfb lnO/x]sf] x'g'x'G5 eGg] Uof/]06L ug]{ cfwf/
tkfO{+;Fu sxfF x'G5 < tkfO{+sf] cfˆgf] ljZjf; afx]s c? s'g} ljZjf;sf cfwf/x? tkfO{+;Fu x'+b}gg\ .
To;}n] /]i6'/f+df uP/ vfg] lxDdt /fVg] axfb'/x?sf] sfF6df d klb{g . ?vf];'vf] h] eP klg dnfO{
cfkm\g} 3/sf] vfgf dg k5{ . To;}n] d /]i6/f+ klg hfGg .
o:tf] x'G5 / o:tf dfG5]x? x'G5g\ eg]/ cfkm}+;Fu ;Demf}tf ug'{;\ . of] s'g} ckjfb xf]Og .
g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ;Gbe{df eGg] xf] eg] kf6L{ ckjfb xf] . slt xhf/n] kf6L{sf] :jfb r':5g\ < ;jf
b'O s/f]8 hg;+Vof ePsf] g]kfnsf slt xhf/ cfFvfn] xf]6]n, kf6L{, :sr jf jfOgsf] gfd ;'g]sf
5g\ < To;}n] d hg;+Vofsf] ckjfb xf]Og – ckjfb d afx]ssfx? x'g\ . d Pp6L g]kfnL
:jf:gLdfG5] x'+ / d s/f]8 eGbf a9L :jf:gLdfG5] h:t} Pp6L x'+ . d]/f] :jefj Tof] s/f]8;Fu ldN5 .
kf6L{sf] ;o cyjf xhf/;Fu ldNb}g . d sfd ug{ ?rfp5' – h;/L g]kfnL dlxnfx?sf] hLjg sfddf
8'a]sf] x'G5 . kf6L{x?df dflg;x?nfO{ /S;L xf]Og – kl;gf ugfp5 . To;}n] t cQ/nfO{ b'u{Gw}sf]
xb;Dd 55{g\ kf6L{df hfg' klxn]sf dflg;x?n] . cQ/x?sf] k|of]u t d klg hfGb5', t/ d]/f] gfsdf
kl;gf xf]Og – /S;Lsf] b'u{Gwn] a9L 5'G5 / tL Ps s/f]8 g]kfnL dlxnfx?nfO{ klg /S;L g} b'u{lGwt
nfU5 . ufnfdf /ª kf]Tg]x?sf] ;+Vof g]kfndf slt 5 < cyjf cfkm\gf cËx?nfO{ km"n k|bz{gLsf]
6]andf ;hfP/ ;8sdf aUg]x?sf] ;+Vof g]kfndf slt 5 < tkfO{+ lx;fa ug'{; / lgisif{ lgsfNg';\ .
tkfO{+ kfpg' x'G5 d g]kfnLkgsf] ckjfb xf]Og . tkfO{+n] ;+s]t ug'{ePsfx? g} g]kfnL ;Gbe{df
ckjfbx? x'g\ .
xf]Og, xf]Og, s;}nfO{ x]nfxf]rf] ug]{ d]/f] p2]Zo xf]Og . d}n] To;/L eg]sL klg xf]Og . tkfO{+
lsg dfG5]sf] JolQmut hLjgdf xft xfNg' x'G5 < cfkm" leq p;nfO{ ;'vn] afFRg lbg';\ g . d}n] t
tkfO{+n] ;f]w]sf] k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbPsL dfq x'+ . rfx] d k['/ftgkGyL xf]pF, rfx] cfw'lgs – oL
zJbx?;Fu d]/f] hLjgsf] s'g} ;/f]sf/ 5}g . d olQ rfxG5' – cfˆgf] ;Gtf]ssf] sd{zLn hLjg d
o;} hLjgdf ef]Ug kfpF . d}n] s;}sf] ;xf/fdf afFRg' gk/f];\ – a? d c?nfO{ 6]jf lbg ;s'+ .
ca o;nfO{ h:tf zJbdf n]Vg dg nfU5 – tkfO{+ n]Vg';\ . d]/f] tkm{af6 olQ Pp6f jfSo
hf]l8lbg';\ – ;'lDgdf ;[i6Lsf] cf/Deb]lv g} :jtGq lyO / Tof] clxn] klg :jtGq 5 . clnslt olt
klg ylklbg';\ – ;'lDgdf ;[i6Lsf] cf/Deb]lv g} k|s[ltsL ;Gtfg lyO / Tof] clxn] klg k|s[ltnfO{
cfkm\gL cfdf 7fG5] .
 d]/f] gd:sf/
w]/} eof] . hlt uGyg u/] klg g;lsg] eof] . hLjgsf] cf/De / hLjgsf] cGt;Ddsf] uLt
ufOof] . klxn] :jf:gLdfG5]x? cfFugdf 3'd]/ ;+lugL ufpy] /], clxn] xfdLn] of] ;fgf] cfFugdf a;]/
uBuLt ufof}+ . uLtn] klg ;lsg' k5{ xf]Og / < To;}n] ca p7f}+ / ;dfKtL ;lxt p7f}+ .
of] t rng rNtLsf] k|Zg xf] . olt w]/} s'/f e};s]kl5 eGg afFls s] /xG5 / < dnfO{ dg
nfu]sf] d}n] ;a} elg;s]sL 5' . tkfO{+nfO{ slt dg nfU5, Tolt tkfO{+n] n]Vg' x'g]5 . To;}n] xfd|f] of]
a;fOnfO{ d}n] o;/L a'em]sL 5' – jt{dfgsf nflu tkfO{+n] n]Vg] / d}n] eGg] b'j} ;Gbe{x?sf] clGtd
b[ioaf6 xfdL aflx/ lgl:sO;s]sf 5f}+ .
t}klg < 7Ls} 5} t}klg eg]/ tkfO{+ o;nfO{ d}emf/f] ug{ rfxg'x'G5 eg], bf]xf]/\ofP/} eP klg
olt zJbx?nfO{ d]/f] tkm{af6 ;dfKtLsf] ;+3f/df /flvlbg' xf]nf – ;'lDgdf Pp6L lyO, t/ p;sf
zfvf ;Gtfg w]/} eP . Oltxf; ztflAbof}+ k'/fgL ;'lDgdfsf] gfdaf6 jfd] ;g{ yfNof] . Oltxf;
;'lDgdfsf] ;Gtfgdf ?kfGtl/t eof] . ;Eotf ;'lDgdfaf6 lg>[t eof] . xfd|f] r]tgf / Tof] r]tgfnfO{
cf]sNg] cfjfh klg ;'lDgdfaf6} pgsf ;Gtfgx?df 5l/of] .
;'lDgdfsf] Tof] Oltxf; lg/Gt/ lx+l8/xf];\, ult lx+8] h:t} .