MEMORY, IMPROVING CONCENTRATION &

READING SYSTEM
CHAPTER 5

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CONTENT

TOPIC ACTIVITY
Memory 1: Memory Strategies
Memory 2: Organizational Strategies
Concentration 3: Concentration Strategies
Concentration 4: Concentration Chart
Reading 5: Reading Text

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MEMORY AND LEARNING

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THE STORAGE (RETAIN INFORMATION)

 Three different types of memory (simplified) according to Information Processing Model (Atkinson &
Shiffrin’s model in Santrock, 2011)
1. Sensory memory (SM) - numerous incoming information from 5 senses will be stored in the sensory
memory for an instant. If one PAY ATTENTION to the stimuli, it will go to the short-term memory (STM). If one
does not pay attention, then the information will be lost. (therefore, the importance of PAYING ATTENTION /
CONCENTRATION while lecture, reading etc.)

2. Short-term / working memory (STM) - very limited storage. From the SM, information will be relayed to
STM. While in the STM, information must be REHEARSED/ REPEATED OR use SOME ACTIVE LEARNING
strategies in order to get information to LTM, otherwise information will be forgotten. (therefore, students must
realize that applying memory strategies is important to strengthen the memory ability).

3. Long-term memory (LTM)– this is unlimited and large storage . From STM, information moved to LTM and
stored here for later use (retrieval). If the information is not being used for some time, forgetting may occur.
Having cues / strategies during encoding earlier would help in retrieval processes.
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HOW FORGETTING COULD OCCUR

Did not pay

attention to the
information

Did not
Test anxiety understand the
information

The
reasons for
forgetting

Cramming (last
Interference
minutes study)

Did not have

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HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY

4. Elaborations
strategies
• Associations
1. Massed practice vs 2. Break reading • Acronyms/ catchwords
3. Rehearsal • Acrostics/ catchphrases
spaced practice material down
• Imagery
• Organizational strategies
• Comprehension monitoring
strategies

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CAUSES OF POOR CONCENTRATION

Lack of
Psychological attention
matters-eg
worries

Physiological
Lack of
matters-eg
interest
illness

Uncomfortabl Lack of
e environment motivation

Distraction
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STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE CONCENTRATION

Use motivational and organizational strategies

Create a positive learning environment

Deal with internal distractions

Use active learning strategies

Match your learning style to the task

Monitor your concentration

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READING /STUDY SYSTEM (SQ3R)

CREATE AWARENES
 Reading academic materials are different from general reading tasks (story books, newspaper).
 Using a study system can help in comprehending reading academic materials due to three factors:
1. active learning strategies
2. use of multisensory methods
3. immediate steps for self-testing and review

Ref: https://www.slideshare.net/gskeesee/active-reading-sq3r

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SQ3R: SURVEY-QUESTION-READ-RECITE-REVIEW

 SQ3R is a comprehension strategy that facilitates students think about the text they are reading while they are
reading.
 As a study strategy, SQ3R helps students “get it” the first time they read a text by teaching students how to read
and think like an effective reader.
 This strategy includes the following five steps (Robinson, 1946 in Adolescence Literacy):

Survey Question Read Recite Review

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 THANK YOU ☺

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