Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Disclaimer: This report is a product of the staff of the World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclu-
sions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments
they represent, or those of the government of the Republic of Korea.
The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other
information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgments on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any
territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The graphics included in these proceedings are taken from the various
workshop presentations. For further reproduction, please contact indicated sources.
Design: miki@ultradesigns.com
Photo by Thinkstock.com
Laguna de Bay, Philippines - November 8, 2013: Typhoon Haiyan’s, an equivalent category 5 hurricane, endangering 25 million
Filipinos in its path as it unleashed its fury. The hurricane is one of the biggest to ever hit land according to scientists.
Photo: © Herman Lumanog | Dreamstime.com
Contents
Acronyms and Abbreviations....................................................................................................................................... 2
Acknowledgments....................................................................................................................................................... 3
SUMMARY................................................................................................................................................................. 5
BACKGROUND........................................................................................................................................................... 9
PRESENTATION SUMMARIES
Session 1: The Philippine Experience—National and Local Policies and Strategies
in Mainstreaming Disaster Resilience into the Urban Context.............................................................................. 16
Session 2 (Part 1): Examples of International Practice on Flood Risk Management
and Mainstreaming Disaster Resilience into Urban Projects................................................................................. 22
Session 2 (Part 2): Examples of International Practice on Flood Risk Management
and Mainstreaming Disaster Resilience into Urban Projects................................................................................. 27
Session 2 (Part 3): Examples of International Practice on Flood Risk Management
and Mainstreaming Disaster Resilience into Urban Projects................................................................................. 30
Session 3: Examples of Implementing Flood Risk Management Programs—Examples
of Metro Manila and Jakarta............................................................................................................................... 36
Field Visit: The Metro Manila Development Authority....................................................................................... 39
Field Visit: Marikina City................................................................................................................................... 43
Field Visit: Pasig City......................................................................................................................................... 44
Session 4 (Part 1): Reflections on the Workshop—Learning from Day 1 and Day 2.......................................... 45
Session 4 (Part 2): Reflections on the Workshop—Defining Needs and Opportunities...................................... 47
List of Figures
Figure 1. Inundation and hazard maps for Tacloban, Leyte, the Philippines................................................................. 17
Figure 2. Pasig City strategic planning........................................................................................................................ 20
Figure 3. Master plan for flood management in Metro Manila and surrounding areas................................................ 23
Figure 4. Framework for flood management planning under the River Law................................................................ 24
Figure 5. From planning process to implementation.................................................................................................... 25
Figure 6. Examples of different causes of flooding in Senegal..................................................................................... 29
Figure 7. New approach to managing tsunami risk..................................................................................................... 30
Figure 8. The green water defense approach and application..................................................................................... 38
Figure 9. Steps in preparing contingency plans........................................................................................................... 40
List of Tables
Table 1. Progress under the Estero Blitz campaign...................................................................................................... 39
Table 2. Heavy rainfall warning levels.......................................................................................................................... 41
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
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Acknowledgements
This report summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place as part of the Third Flood Risk Man-
agement and Urban Resilience Workshop in Manila, the Philippines, in June 2014.
The workshop was organized by the Disaster Risk Management Team of the East Asia and Pacific region of the
World Bank, the Philippines Department of Public Works and Highways, and the Manila Metropolitan Devel-
opment Authority, with support from the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) and the
government of the Republic of Korea. The team is grateful for their generous support.
The task team, led by Zuzana Stanton-Geddes, Eiko Wataya, and Demilour Ignacio, would like to thank Abhas
Jha, Ousmane Dione, and Motoo Konishi for their guidance, and Catherine Vidar, Christopher Ancheta, and
Joop Stoutjesdijk, as well as Mari Anne Trillana and Maridol Valentino, for their dedicated support.
The report was compiled by the task team based on notes from Mei Guanzon and inputs from Catherine Vidar
and Rosanna Martin. The graphics included in these proceedings are taken from the various workshop presen-
tations. For further reproduction, please contact indicated sources. The report was edited by Anne Himmelfarb.
The graphic design was carried out by Miki Fernandez of Ultradesigns.
Workshop proceedings and presentations are available on the GFDRR website (www.gfdrr.org).
3
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
Jakarta, Indonesia – December 22, 2012: Traffic scene at Thamrin Street Jakarta caused by a 30 cm flood.
Photo: Herianus | Thinkstock.com
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
SUMMARY
T
he Third Flood Risk Management and strategic and long-term vision of programs can
Urban Resilience Workshop brought be realized.
together over 70 officials, experts, and
representatives from development and
partner agencies in more than 10 countries in
Highlights
East Asia, South Asia, and Africa. The first day In the opening session, all speakers stressed
focused on operational knowledge and lessons the importance of integrated flood risk man-
learned from implementing flood risk management
agement. Mayor Maria Belen A. Eusebio described
and urban resilience programs in the Philippines as well
the severe impact on Pasig City of past flood events,
as Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Japan, Senegal, and
particularly Ondoy (Ketsana) in 2009, and explained
Thailand. The second day consisted of field visits to the
how these experiences strengthened the city’s resolve
Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA),
to become more resilient. She stressed the impor-
Pasig City, and Marikina City, which were designed to
tance of investing in disaster prevention and resil-
showcase investments in structural and nonstructural
ience, emphasizing that the expense is “a small
flood risk management measures. The third (half) day
price to pay in the long term.” Mr. Motoo Konishi,
was dedicated to reflecting on the presented case
the World Bank country director for the Philippines,
studies and site visits and to discussing the needs
talked about the needs of the poor and vulnerable,
and opportunities for sustained knowledge exchange
who are disproportionately affected by natural haz-
within the Community of Practice on Integrated Urban
ards. He pointed out that the most difficult aspects
Flood Risk Management (IUFRM COP).
of implementing flood risk management projects
The key messages of the workshop fall under are not technical but rather social, including reset-
four main themes: tlement, community participation, and improve-
ment of livelihoods. Secretary Rogelio L. Singson
1. Combination. An integrated and long-term of the Department of Public Works and Highways
approach to flood risks requires a combination (DPWH) addressed both technical and social aspects
of structural and nonstructural measures, which in his discussion of the Metro Manila Flood Risk
must be designed to cope with a changing and Management Master Plan (MMFRMMP). He stressed
uncertain future. the importance of planning and the value of a stra-
2. Communication. Communication of the disas- tegic and integrated master plan with set priorities
ter risk is critical to informed decision making. and actions. “Every peso invested in these priority
Communities and other stakeholders must have actions is worth it,” he maintained.
access to accurate information that is appropri-
During session 1, participants heard about
ately conveyed.
the importance of engaging local communi-
3. Coordination. Effective planning and implemen- ties and implementing agencies. Dr. Mahar Lag-
tation of programs requires vertical coordination may of the Department of Science and Technology
between different levels of government, horizon- (DOST) reminded the audience that “every Filipino
tal coordination across agencies, and broad coor- has the right to information, whether poor or rich.”
dination among government, the private sector, This information has to be accurate in order to be
donors, beneficiaries/recipients, and other stake- useful. Technology can help to provide more accu-
holders. rate information, but accuracy alone is not enough.
4. Commitment. Successful integrated flood risk Stakeholders must be able to gain access to that
management involves the commitment of information, and they must have the knowledge
national and local leaders to ensure that the and tools to make informed decisions. Vice Mayor
5
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
Jose Fabian Cadiz of Marikina City and Mayor Euse- Parts 2 and 3 of session 2 focused on the impacts
bio of Pasig City provided examples of efforts by of urbanization and how to plan for the future.
their respective cities to strengthen their disaster In Part 2, examples from Indonesia and Senegal
and climate resilience. Their presentations conveyed were used to demonstrate some of the challenges
a positive message about the many opportunities linked to rapid growth of urban population, includ-
available for building urban resilience and improv- ing lack of drainage and solid waste management
ing the lives of local communities. The field visits to infrastructure, capacity, and maintenance; informal
both cities on the second day reinforced this mes- settlements; and lack of preparedness in flood risk
sage by showcasing concrete investments in hazard management. Ms. Eli Sari of Daerah Khusus Ibukota
monitoring, institution building, and capacity build- Public Works and Ms. Suryani Amin of the World
ing that help local authorities better prepare for, Bank office in Jakarta, Indonesia, described some
of the problems Jakarta is facing, including sub-
respond to, and recover from disasters.
sidence. The presenters explained how the World
Bank–supported Urgent Flood Risk Mitigation proj-
Session 2 focused on the challenges encoun-
ect is addressing these challenges through prior-
tered—and solutions adopted—by countries
ity engineered and non-engineered actions, but
and cities around the world that are implement-
they indicated that more needs to be done in the
ing integrated urban flood risk management
long term. Ms. Marie Ndaw of the Dakar Munici-
projects. In part 1, Assistant Secretary Catalina
pal Development Agency in Senegal described cur-
Cabral of DPWH and Mr. Kenichiro Tachi of the Jap-
rent efforts under the Stormwater Management and
anese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport
Climate Change Adaptation Project, including the
and Tourism (MLIT) echoed the messages from the development of a master plan for drainage, and also
opening session about the importance of planning. described efforts by social facilitators and nongov-
Assistant Secretary Cabral described major DPWH ernmental organizations (NGOs) to sensitize com-
programs on flood risk management and explained munities about the planned works.
the status of priority measures under the MMFRMMP.
Mr. Tachi gave an overview of Japan’s comprehensive In part 3 of session 2, Mr. Mikio Ishiwatari of the World
flood management planning process, which includes Bank showed how informal settlements in hazardous
consultation with stakeholders at different levels. As areas significantly increase risks to natural hazards,
part of a case study, this method was applied to the often resulting in tragic loss of life as well as physical,
Chao Phraya River basin in a project that engaged an economic, and social damages. In many cases, specific
especially broad group of stakeholders. hazard events have spurred discussions about hazard
6
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
zones and have encouraged settlement in safer areas. an effective way of engaging communities, building
But as memories of past events fade and structural their capacities and awareness, and strengthening
flood mitigation measures provide people with a sense resilience for the long term.
of security, settlement resumes in areas that can be
affected by floods or tsunami. The lesson here is that The field visits to MMDA as well as to Pasig and
cities must plan for the future and ensure that regula- Marikina in the Philippines provided real-life
tions, processes, and community engagement in disas- examples of structural and nonstructural invest-
ter risk management (DRM) are sustained over the ments in flood risk management. Ms. Maxima
years. The importance of forward-looking DRM was Quiambao, director of the Flood Control and Sew-
also described by Ms. Yuanyuan Cheng, who talked age Management Office, described efforts by her
about the challenges of rapid growth in the Chinese office to manage flood risk across Metro Manila,
city of Jingdezhen over the next decades, and the including dredging of channels and cleanup of public
attendant challenge of deciding what flood risk infra- markets. The importance of working with local gov-
structure the city should finance. She explained that the ernment units (LGUs) for maintenance and opera-
decision making focused on the optimal set of invest- tions was raised. The participants also learned about
ments, which would balance what the city can afford the Flood Control Information Center and the Disas-
with the level of residual risk it can effectively manage. ter Risk Reduction and Management Operation Cen-
Finally, Mr. Abul Kashem of the Dhaka Water Supply ter, which provide weather information and real-time
and Sewerage Authority and Mr. Mohammad Rahman monitoring of flood events in Metro Manila. Site visits
of the Dhaka North City Corporation talked about the to flood control centers in Pasig and Marikina and a
difficulty of ensuring that Bangladesh’s drainage sys- number of pumping stations at the barangay (com-
tem keeps pace with the city’s expansion and increas- munity) level provided examples of concrete invest-
ing intensity of flooding. They pointed to the need for ments in urban resilience, and clearly demonstrated
upgrading and better coordination among agencies, the commitment of the local authorities to making
as well as the importance of improved flood risk fore- their communities more disaster resilient.
casting on both national and city scales.
Session 4 was dedicated to reflections on the
Session 3 provided an opportunity for a deeper presented case studies and site visits, and to dis-
discussion of flood risk management in Metro cussions about the need and opportunities for
Manila and in Jakarta. Ms. Dolores Hipolito of sustained knowledge exchange within the com-
DPWH highlighted some of the challenges in pre- munity of practice. There was a clear demand from
paring and implementing the MMFRMMP, includ- the participants for sustained capacity building and
ing (1) the number of cities and agencies involved; knowledge sharing, as well as interest in the proposed
(2) the need for a high-level champion, like Secre- IUFRM COP as presented by Mr. Bob McDonald and
tary Singson; (3) the need for structural and non- Ms. Yuka Yabashi of the Tokyo Distance Learning Cen-
structural measures that complement one another; ter. This online platform, run on the World Bank Col-
(4) the need to secure funding for maintenance and laboration for Development platform, will be open to
investment at the local level; and (5) the need for workshop participants; other officials, practitioners,
awareness and participation at the community level. experts, and interested parties will be invited to join
Mr. Bambang Kayatnan, Mr. Edi Harahap, and Mr. and share their knowledge. Specific learning activi-
Bambang Surya Putra of the Jakarta Disaster Man- ties that reflect the community’s interests and require-
agement Agency shared experiences from Indo- ments—webinars, online-chats with experts, and
nesia. They described some of the nonstructural moderated online discussions—will be held. A sur-
measures Jakarta is implementing, including invest- vey about potential modes of interaction and content
ing in a flood information management system and was shared and collected at the workshop. The survey
developing flood contingency plans at the village results, along with the discussion during the workshop
(kelurahan) level. Results from Jakarta show that of participants’ needs, will aid in the development and
contingency planning at the community level can be evolution of the IUFRM COP.
7
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
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June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
Background
The Flood Risk Management and Urban The Impact of Flooding in East Asia and
Resilience Workshop Series the Pacific
The series is part of the Flood Risk Management and Globally, floods are the most common among all
Urban Resilience in Southeast Asia technical assis- natural disasters and the cause of widespread
tance program, which is being implemented by the devastation, economic damages, and loss of
World Bank Disaster Risk Management Team in the human lives.1 In the past 30 years, the East Asia
East Asia and Pacific region, with funding from the and Pacific region accounted for about 40 percent
government of the Republic of Korea through the of the total number of floods worldwide. From 2000
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery to 2011, floods and storms in the region caused an
(GFDRR). Relying on peer-to-peer and other shar- estimated US$23 billion in losses. In just the last five
ing of technical knowledge, this program aims to years, mega-flood events affected cities around the
strengthen the capacity of the national and sub- world, including Bangkok, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City,
national agencies involved in water and flood risk Jakarta, Metropolitan Manila, Mumbai, Ulaanbaatar,
management and urban planning. The goal of the Vientiane, and Dakar—most of which contribute sub-
workshop series is to foster an international commu- stantially to the gross domestic product (GDP) of the
nity of practice consisting of practitioners, officials, country in which they are located. Thus these floods
experts, partners, and other stakeholders. have taken a heavy economic toll in the region.
The First Flood Risk Management and Urban Resil- In addition to causing tragic loss of life and
ience Workshop (May 2–3, 2012) was held in Jakarta economic losses, floods have long-term conse-
and focused on the principles of integrated urban quences, particularly among the poor who live
flood risk management, flood risk assessment meth- in vulnerable areas. Loss of education opportuni-
ods, flood preparedness mapping in Indonesia, ties, increased risk of disease, and reduced nutri-
and regional examples of structural and nonstruc- tion multiply the hardships these people face,
tural measures for managing flood risk. The Second and hence undermine countries’ progress toward
Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Work- development goals. In almost all disaster events,
shop (May 28–29, 2013) was held in in Seoul and the vulnerable segments of the population experience
focused on balancing of structural and nonstruc- the worst effects; their lives are disrupted and they are
tural measures; challenges in making flood risk data forced into deeper levels of indebtedness and poverty.
widely accessible to stakeholders; innovative (green) With limited or no access to basic services (clean water,
approaches to reducing flood risk losses; commu- sanitation, health care), the poor are disproportionately
nity-based approaches to enhancing resilience and vulnerable to the impacts of disasters. Moreover, their
managing flood risk; early warning, monitoring, and lack of assets and resources, coupled with limited access
control systems; and lessons learned from Korea. The to finance and appropriate disaster response mecha-
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience nisms, impedes their ability to respond and quickly
Workshop (June 3–5, 2014) took place from in Manila recover their livelihoods. As the 2014 World Bank
and focused on practical and operational knowledge Development Report notes, these shocks can make it
and lessons learned—from the Philippines and other
impossible for people to break the cycle of poverty.2
countries, including Bangladesh, China, Indonesia,
Japan, Senegal, and Thailand—about implement- 1
World Bank, Cities and Flooding: A Guide to Integrated Flood
ing flood risk management programs and projects Risk Management for the 21st Century (Washington, DC:
World Bank, 2012).
that successfully make use of policy, strategy, plan- 2
World Bank, World Development Report 2014: Risk and
ning, the institutional setting, and multi-stakeholder Opportunity—Managing Risk for Development (Washington,
engagement. DC: World Bank, 2013).
9
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
Both the recent history of extreme flooding future. Actions to reduce flood risk need to employ
around the world and the growing impacts of tools and techniques to extrapolate current trends
climate change are forcing us to rethink how and drivers into the future, assess alternative scenar-
we can effectively deal with hazardous flood ios, and build strategic, integrated approaches across
events. Fast-paced urbanization in East Asia is different sectors. Only an integrated and strategic
increasing the region’s vulnerability to disasters, as approach can bring the desired long-term benefits to
higher concentrations of people and assets locate in the population.
dangerous areas. In many cases, the resulting disas-
Managing disaster and climate change risks has
ters are symptomatic of uncontrolled urban sprawl,
become a pivotal strategy for eliminating poverty and
poor planning and building standards, environmental
increasing shared prosperity among nations. Now-
degradation, and weak enforcement and governance
adays, flood risk management is part of a broader
practice, as well as decades of underinvestment in
global agenda to strengthen cities’ disaster and cli-
building, operating, and maintaining basic infrastruc-
mate resilience. Urban resilience has many facets,
ture (such as drainage). These trends are turning cit-
including risk assessment and risk-based land-use
ies into disaster hot spots.
planning, standards, and building codes; climate
adaptation and investments; public awareness and
Integrated Flood Risk Management and participation; and institutional and financing arrange-
Urban Resilience ments in line with good governance principles.3
An integrated strategy for managing flood risk relies
on both structural and nonstructural measures that 3
World Bank, Building Urban Resilience: Principles, Tools and
are designed to cope with a changing and uncertain Practice (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2013).
10
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
Welcome Remarks
Chair: Mr. Ousmane Dione, Sector Manager,
Sustainable Development Unit, the World Bank
Manila Country Office
11
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
investments in emergency and flood control equip- The city joins its neighbors—from East Asia, Indo-
ment, including cutting-edge technology for moni- nesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Mongolia,
toring facilities. Expensive as these investments were, Thailand, Vietnam, China, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh,
the price was a small one for effective disaster pro- Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Myanmar, Senegal, and
tection and prevention. Currently the city is prepared, other Philippine cities—in looking forward to shar-
and basic services will be continued in the event of a ing knowledge at this workshop and learning about
calamity. potential collaborative activities for participating
countries. This workshop will also help establish a
The city government has made sure that residents community of leaders and practitioners interested in
have the knowledge they need to be self-sufficient moving toward more integrated and strategic flood
during an emergency and make optimum use of risk management. The presence of national agencies
available resources until the situation stabilizes. There such as the Department of Public Works and High-
is much that could be done to improve systems and ways and the Metropolitan Manila Development
programs, but in the future disaster preparedness will Authority provides an avenue for integrated tasking
be a way of life. The government is working toward a among local government units as all concerned pre-
disaster-resilient Pasig City one step at a time. pare for the effects of climate change.
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June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
good governance principles. A key part of manag- large infrastructure program does not harm people’s
ing flood risk and achieving urban resilience involves quality of life, the World Bank has also been support-
balancing of flood mitigation measures; because risks ing the Philippines’ efforts to address housing issues.
may change in the future as urbanization and climate
change accelerate, measures designed to be flexible The biggest challenge in implementing the
and to work over the long term are needed. MMFRMMP, and the one that will take the most time,
is not a technical or engineering challenge; it is the
The Philippines has taken a leading role in efforts human or social challenge of relocating people away
to build disaster resilience. Some of these efforts from danger zones, changing the public’s behavior,
have also been supported by the World Bank. The and improving solid waste management.
Metro Manila Flood Risk Management Master Plan
(MMFRMMP), for example, has been developed by This knowledge-sharing workshop is an important
the Philippine government with support from the step toward advancing the application of an inte-
World Bank and GFDRR. Based on a detailed flood grated and strategic approach to flood risk man-
risk assessment, the plan proposes a 25-year invest- agement and operationalization of urban resilience
ment program with engineering and non-engineer- principles.
ing measures. To ensure that implementation of this
Keynote Address
Hon. Rogelio L. Singson, Secretary, Department of
Public Works and Highways, the Philippines
13
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
others. The nonstructural interventions include flood Key policy decisions that have been made include
modelling, forecasting and warning systems, a com- investment in a flood risk reduction and resiliency
munity awareness and information campaign, and program; adoption of an integrated water resource
the resettlement of over 100,000 families living in management approach; adoption of a river basin
informal settlements along the vulnerable waterways approach; adoption of a “make room for the river”
(for about 20,000 families, relocation will be imme- philosophy, carried out through relocation of informal
diate). As the MMFRMMP is being implemented, the settlers; and provision of funding support for both
building designs of classrooms, health facilities, and structural and nonstructural mitigation measures.
other public buildings will be upgraded to increase
the structural resilience of this critical infrastructure.
At the first two workshops, experts shared knowl- Hopefully, this workshop will facilitate a deeper dis-
edge and experience about flood risk management cussion of ongoing practices and in this way improve
projects being implemented in various countries, the collective understanding of this important topic.
especially projects using integrated or innovative Hopefully, too, the networks being developed here
approaches. Practitioners described the challenges today will continue to support future knowledge
and opportunities associated with these projects, exchange.
as well as specific solutions being developed. Such
14
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
PRESENTATION SUMMARIES
Marikina City, Philippines - August 7, 2012: Heavy monsoon rain that pounded the country and paralyzed the schools, goverment
offices and financial sectors of the nations capital that causes several thousands to flee their homes. Photo: Thinkstock.com
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
Session 1
The Philippine Experience—National and Local Policies and Strategies
in Mainstreaming Disaster Resilience into the Urban Context
Chair: Ms. Dolores Hipolito, Project Manager, Flood Control Management Office, Flood Control Management
Cluster, Department of Public Works and Highways, the Philippines
16
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
Figure 1. Inundation and hazard maps for Tacloban, Leyte, the Philippines.
Source: Mahar Lagmay, Philippine DOST.
17
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
4 The video presentation can be accessed on GFDRR website: 2. Preparedness. Barangay officials were trained in
https://www.gfdrr.org/node/28257 formulating a local DRRM plan and in carrying
18
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
out basic emergency response, including search each new level. In addition, the city uses social
and rescue operations. The Marikina DRRM media for public advisories and has a text mes-
council was also established and meets regu- saging alert system designed to forward emer-
larly. Its secretariat, the Marikina DRRM Office, gency and/or warning text messages to any
is responsible for implementing and coordinating mobile phone.
disaster management programs. It has likewise
approved the local DRRM plan and formulated a 4. Recovery and rehabilitation. Through an execu-
hazard-specific contingency plan. tive order, an infrastructure audit team was cre-
ated to inspect and assess government buildings’
3. Response. As part of the EWS, the city has siren structural integrity and ability to withstand any
activation for flooding every time the water level catastrophe.
reaches 15m, with a corresponding alarm for
highly vulnerable to flooding. In 2007, the Pasig City Disaster mitigation measures include 23 pumping
Green Program was crafted to promote sustainable stations, nine flood control gates, various river dikes
development growth in the city. and revetment walls, and an improved drainage sys-
tem. A communication command and control center
In 2009, Typhoon Ondoy struck Pasig, leaving 499 that uses state-of-the-art technology to monitor criti-
houses completely destroyed and affecting 200,000 cal areas, especially during natural disasters, has been
people. The city government responded immediately established in the city office. The city now has access
by setting up evacuation centers, relief-goods distribu- to emergency vehicles and advanced equipment, early
tion centers, and satellite hospitals. Calamity assistance warning devices, Global Positioning System (GPS),
and housing programs were simultaneously initiated. rapid earthquake damage assessment software, vehi-
cle tracking, and the PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric,
This experience paved the way for the city govern- Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administra-
ment to change its strategic plan for mitigating the tion) radio link. It is also maximizing the use of social
effects of climate change and hazard events. Using media for typhoon-related advisories.
both bottom-up and top-down approaches, the city
consulted with the different stakeholders to develop Long-term development plans in Pasig City include
a climate change adaptation (CCA) and DRRM capacity building at the community level in the
framework. Feedback mechanisms for stakehold- areas of rescue, disaster preparedness, rehabilita-
ers are now institutionalized, an arrangement that tion, and risk reduction. Various environmental pro-
encourages participation, creates a sense of owner- grams have been implemented, such as solid waste
ship, and builds partnerships and alliances as well as management, green livelihood for women (through
19
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
Formulation
Stakeholder of a Technical
Implementation Documentation
Consultation Working
Group
Enactment
of Policy and Feedback
Advocacy Sustainability
Governance Mechanism
System
handicrafts made from water hyacinth), green police been recognized by the Partnership for Clean Air for
(who enforce environmental laws and ordinances), bike days and carless Sundays, been chosen best city
and urban greening. Thousands of informal settlers in disaster risk reduction and management, and been
have been relocated away from waterways and criti- chosen the best-prepared local government unit in
cal areas and have been provided with training and Metro Manila. Recently, the city was a recipient of the
livelihood as well as facilities for proper sanitation and international award for livable communities.
hygiene. CCA and DRRM have been mainstreamed
in the city’s comprehensive water and land-use plan, Pasig City will go beyond being merely a green city by
which is also embedded in the city ordinances and taking the best approaches to sustainable develop-
investment plan. ment and environmental management. It will always
aim to improve the quality of life for its residents. It
Pasig City has earned national recognition for disas- will serve as a model for the rest of the Philippines
ter risk preparedness: it has received the president’s in new and innovative governance and as a resilient
award for an outstanding local government program, community.
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June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
21
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
Session 2 (Part 1)
Examples of International Practice on Flood Risk Management and
Mainstreaming Disaster Resilience into Urban Projects
Chair: Mr. Hayato Nakamura, Project Formulation Advisor, Japan International Cooperation Agency
22
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
Figure 3. Master plan for flood management in Metro Manila and surrounding areas
Notes: Total area: 4,354 km2, total population: 17.1 million. Based on Pasig-Marikina basin and Laguna Lake basin.
Source: Catalina Cabral, Philippine DPWH.
Under the master plan, there are 11 structural miti- Cooperation Agency (JICA), the project is building
gation measures that have been identified for a total revetment structures along the Cagayan River, a river
investment of ₱351.718 billion. This includes, among dike in the Tagoloan River, and two off-site retarding
others, the Pasig-Marikina River improvement and basins along the Imus River.
dam construction, Meycauayan River improvement,
and Malabon-Tullahan River improvement. Projects Typhoon Haiyan’s total damage and losses amounted
under the master plan are prioritized according to the
to ₱571.11 billion, while estimated reconstruction
severity of floods as well as the risks, area, and dura-
needs were ₱360.89 billion. The typhoon affected 4.1
tion, and also take into account the project’s techni-
cal, social, and environmental viability. million families and killed 6,069 people. As a result
of the experience with Haiyan, the Philippines and
Aside from the master plan for Metro Manila, there DPWH have upgraded the design standards of all
is also a Flood Risk Management Project. Carried infrastructure—not only of roads and bridges, but
out with the assistance of the Japan International also school buildings and evacuation centers.
23
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
ImplementaBon,
Maintenance
Budget
AllocaBon
Goals
of
long-‐term
river
Medium-‐term
concrete
improvement
plan
improvement
(20
to
3
0
years)
ScienBfic
&
Engineering
Study
ScienBfic
&
Engineering
Study
Academic
Persons
Dra9 Opinion
Dra9
Local
Infrastructure
Council
Residents
Opinion
or Opinion
Governors
Prefectural
Finalize or
River
Councils
Finalize
Mayors
Full
Measures
Priori-za-on
Implementa-on
Process
Figure 4. Framework for flood management planning under the River Law
Source: Kenichiro Tachi, Japan MLIT.
24
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
This planning method was also applied to the The plan has been successfully implemented, with
Chao Phraya River basin in Thailand when severe inundation controlled and a reduction in damage
flooding was experienced in 2011. After formation to the economic zones around Bangkok. The key to
of the planning team, comprising relevant Thai successful implementation is the strong commitment
agencies (the Royal Irrigation Department, the of responsible local entities from the early stages
Department of Water Resources, and the Water of planning. (The steps involved in moving from
and Flood Management Committee) and JICA, a planning to implementation are shown in Figure 5.)
master plan was developed to address proper flood However, it is challenging to build consensus with
management. One important feature of this plan was local residents and government officials, and to pass
its use of a combination of hard and soft measures legislation that secures implementation.
to control inundation and to minimize damage.
25
Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
26
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
Session 2 (Part 2)
Examples of International Practice on Flood Risk Management and
Mainstreaming Disaster Resilience into Urban Projects
Chair: Dr. Glenn Tabios, Executive Director, National Hydraulics and Research Center
27
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
Rise of
groundwater
Lack of
Uncontrolled
stormwater
urban sprawl in
drainage
low-lying areas
infrastructure
FLOODING
IS CAUSED BY
Lack of an appropriate
Many stakeholders institutional framework for
involved and lacking the management of inter-
information drainage investments and
Lack of investment flood risk mitigation
planning and
management of
drainage structures
Summary of Discussions
■■ Commenting on strategies for publicizing Dakar is a peninsula and thus threatened by the
flood risk management projects to the com- rising sea level. For this reason CCA must be inte-
munities, Ms. Ndaw mentioned that one com- grated in flood management planning. Ms. Ndaw
ponent of the Dakar Stormwater Management clarified that two types of drainage systems are
and Climate Change Adaptation Project seeks to used in Senegal: one that works by means of a
involve the community in reducing flood risk and pump, and one that relies on gravity.
adapting to climate change. This strategy uses
capacity building activities and recruits NGOs and ■■ Discussing the relocation of affected fami-
facilitators to discuss the project with the com- lies, Ms. Amin said that in Jakarta there are
munity. Ms. Ndaw acknowledged that there was about 500,000 people living along the river who
some disagreement about infrastructure projects, are expected to be resettled in government-
but emphasized that the institutional system in developed vertical houses, although space is a
place allows discussion and consensus building problem. Community members were consulted
with key project stakeholders. in the resettlement planning process. Ms. Ndaw
added that Dakar had a resettlement frame-
■■ Speaking about the implementation of Sen- work and action plan that provided compensa-
egal’s CCA activities, Ms. Ndaw explained that tion to affected people.
29
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
Session 2 (Part 3)
Examples of International Practice on Flood Risk Management and
Mainstreaming Disaster Resilience into Urban Projects
Chair: Mr. Ramon Alikpala, Be Secure Project, Chief of Party, U.S. Agency for International Development
30
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
31
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
Applica'on
of
the
green
water
defense
approach:
buying
down
risk
through
cost-‐effec've
green
water
defense
measures
32
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
and this creates problems with water supply, sanita- If the construction of urban drainage infrastructure in
tion, and drainage. Major floods in Dhaka in 1998 Dhaka is to account for changing rainfall and storm
and 2004 were attributed to structural problems intensity patterns resulting from climate change, the
(e.g., inadequate drainage, insufficient pumping) and design and planning of the drainage system will need
nonstructural problems (e.g., inadequate interagency to be reviewed. Factoring in climate change, Dhaka
cooperation). Though a variety of laws and policies City will require a 12 percent increase in pump capac-
are in place to address the problem of flooding, they ity and a 7 percent increase in retarding pond area.
are fragmented and require integration if they are to For these goals to be met, hydrological modellers and
be effective. climate scientists will need to collaborate.
The Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority The drainage master plan for Dhaka addresses flood-
(DWASA), established in 1963, is in charge of manag- ing problems, particularly in Dhaka City, through
ing water supply, treatment and disposal of domes- flood mitigation options, urban planning, risk map-
tic and industrial sewage, and stormwater drainage. ping, and application of resiliency measures such as
DWASA is now in the process of finalizing a drainage installation of early warning systems and community
master plan for Dhaka City that addresses most of awareness building.
34
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
■■ Build new cyclone shelters in the newly defined ■■ Promote regional cooperation at the basin level
high-risk areas, especially in the Barisal and for predicting climate change impacts, devising
Khulna Divisions. adaptation measures, sharing knowledge, and
■■ Develop groundwater modelling to understand developing resources.
and manage salinity intrusion in the coastal ■■ Use existing models, which are capable of fore-
region. casting storm surge–induced flooding, as the
■■ Address knowledge gaps—from downscaling of basis for regional cooperation.
the climate model to considerations of glacial
melt or blending of meteorological science with
hydrology—and build needed capacity.
35
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
Session 3
Examples of Implementing Flood Risk Management Programs—
Examples of Metro Manila and Jakarta
Group A: Philippines The Metro Manila master plan had to meet several
challenges, including coverage of a very large area
Facilitator: Ms. Catherine Vidar, Disaster Risk
(16 cities), varying flood causes with varying solu-
Management Specialist, the World Bank
tions, waterways clogged by garbage, difficulty in
preventing illegal garbage dumping, and lack of com-
Metro Manila Flood Risk Management munity commitment in waterways maintenance. A
Master Plan Recommendations, number of lessons have been learned as the plan is
Prioritization, and Implementation implemented:
36
May 2-3, 2012 / Jakarta, Indonesia / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
Mr. Bambang Musyawardana Kayatnan, Director In response to the problem of flooding, the Jakarta
of Jakarta Province Disaster Management Agency Province Disaster Management Agency has devel-
Mr. Edi Junaedi Harahap, Head of Informatics and oped a contingency plan in consultation with key
Controlling, Jakarta Province Disaster Management community leaders. The plan is based on flood data
and information (history) as well as information about
An evaluation of the flooding in Jakarta in January the vulnerable groups affected and other stakehold-
2013 showed that DRM capacity at the village level ers. The contingency plan will be successful if there is
needed to be strengthened, specifically by means of a strong commitment by the people in the commu-
a flood contingency plan that would address evac- nity and the private sector.
uation, early warnings, and village-level emergency
command structure. The steps in preparing a contin- A key role in managing flood risk in Indonesia is also
gency plan are presented in Figure 9. played by the Flood Management Information Sys-
tem (FMIS), which was developed under the tech-
To date, 54 out of 124 flood-prone kelurahan in nical assistance component of the Jakarta Urgent
Jakarta have completed their plans. Elements of the Flood Mitigation Project. FMIS provides accurate
plan were tested during the 2014 flood. The villages and timely information before, during, and after a
that had plans in place fared better than those that disaster. The establishment of FMIS has helped in
did not, demonstrating the effectiveness of increas- preparedness, risk mitigation, monitoring, recovery,
ing disaster preparedness at the village level. and response.
37
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
Determination of standard
Structure formation,
operating procedures,
Stakeholder mapping organization, emergency
operations plans,
response
organizational arrangements,
Disaster
and emergency response
ACTIVATION
38
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
Welcome by Ms. Corazon T. Jimenez, General Manager of Metro Manila Development Authority, the
Philippines
Flood and Sewerage Management desilting of drainage mains and interceptors, and
in Metro Manila declogging. In 2011, MMDA started the Estero Blitz,
an intensified clean-up operation covering selected
Engr. Maxima M. Quiambao, Director of Flood creeks (esteros) in the metropolis; Table 1 shows prog-
Control and Sewerage Management Office, Metro ress under the four “blitzes” conducted to date. The
Manila Development Authority, the Philippines campaign likewise involves dredging, debris removal,
a medical mission, and seminars on solid waste man-
Director Quiambao showed a video presentation on agement, health, and sanitation. Another flood con-
flood and sewerage management in Metro Manila trol measure being implemented by the MMDA is the
that described the different flood issues; highlighted establishment, rehabilitation, and maintenance of
the areas prone to flooding; and described causes pumping stations in strategic areas of Metro Manila.
of, challenges surrounding, and the government’s
response to flooding. The MMDA envisions that by Important nonstructural measures applied by MMDA
2016, Metro Manila will be flood resilient. include the organization of Flood Control Bayani-
han Zone Alliances, comprising various stakehold-
The current drainage system in Metro Manila com- ers in 10 identified flood-prone areas. The alliances
prises 689km of waterways (rivers, creeks, and open are community-based groups, made up of local com-
canal), 59km of drainage mains (outfalls and inter- munity members, the private sector, NGOs, national
ceptors), and 897km of drainage laterals along major agencies, and LGUs. Their goal is to reduce disas-
thoroughfares. Most of these drainage systems are ter risk, and they are also trained to respond to and
clogged by garbage, silt, water hyacinth, and other assist during an actual disaster. The MMDA chairper-
debris. son regularly coordinates and meets with the Metro
Manila Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council
To clear the waterways of any obstructions, MMDA (MMDRRMC).
performs regular manual and mechanical dredging,
39
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
MMDA Flood Control Information Center example, heavy rainfall warnings based on PAGASA
are shown in Table 2. The FCIC uses SMS (text mes-
Mr. Ramon Santiago, Officer in Charge, Flood saging) along with other information and communi-
Control Information Center, Metro Manila cation technologies to issue its public advisories. In
Development Authority, the Philippines addition to monitoring local weather agencies, FCIC
also monitors and logs on to other weather agen-
In August 2012, the Flood Control Information Cen- cy’s websites, including U.S. websites, the Central
ter (FCIC) and Disaster Risk Reduction and Manage- Weather Bureau of Taiwan, Fleet Numerical Meteo-
ment Operation Center were established to provide rology and Oceanography Center of Japan, among
the Philippine public with hazard information and others.
warnings, especially in times of inclement weather.
The FCIC also serves as an operations coordination In the future, FCIC seeks to do the following: (1)
and control facility for MMDA and MMDRRMC during address latency of information, which affects the
severe weather and emergencies. The FCIC supports timeliness and credibility of advisories; (2) establish
decision making, communications, and links among near-real-time links to a data source to trigger timely
various groups during critical situations, serves as an action and response; (3) improve the platform for
information and knowledge center for MMDA and plotting and sharing information and actions that
other clients on hydrometeorological concerns, and can be viewed by numerous stakeholders; and (4)
provides public safety advisories and warning. improve the archiving and reporting application to
aid flood control programming.
Once a potential hazard is being monitored, the
FCIC disseminates this information to different media Greater Metro Manila Area READY Project
groups, agencies, LGUs, and others. These groups
draw on this information and other support tools as Ms. Josefina J. Faulan, Director, Metropolitan
part of a process of ensuring that there is appropriate Development Planning Service, Metro Manila
action or service in the affected community. There is Development Authority, the Philippines
also a feedback mechanism in place for around-the-
clock hazard monitoring. The AusAid-assisted Greater Metro Manila Area
(GMMA) READY Project aims to decrease the area’s
The FCIC follows PAGASA’s and Project NOAH’s vulnerability to natural hazards and increase its resil-
weather forecasting and uses their warnings as ience by strengthening the capacities of the LGUs,
the basis for its own assessments and actions. For concerned national government agencies, academic
40
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
Disclaimer: Rainfall threshold values are arbitrary and may vary depending on the area of concern.
These will be refined as soon as more data become available.
41
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
Visit and Presentation in the MMDA Visit and Presentation in the MMDA Flood
Metrobase Facility Control Information Center
Ms. Goddes Hope S. Oliveros, Metrobase, Mr. Ramon Santiago, Officer in Charge, Flood
Public Relations Officer, Public Concerns and Control Information Center, Metropolitan Manila
Responses Management Unit, Metropolitan Manila Development Authority, the Philippines
Development Authority, the Philippines
The FCIC is a support unit for all decision makers.
Its staff report to Director Quimbao of the Flood
The MMDA Command, Control and Communica-
Control unit and to the chairperson who heads the
tion Center, or the Metrobase, is the nerve center
MMDRRMC. The FCIC uses web-based tools and
of MMDA: it houses a hotline, radio communication
has communication links with LGUs, volunteers, and
system for traffic enforcers, traffic digital signaliza-
other agencies in order to provide sound advice to
tion system, a social media unit, and 150 surveillance
decision makers. Likewise, it provides an oversight
cameras, some of them high-resolution fiber-optic
function to other MMDA units and assists in mobiliz-
instruments.
ing other units to help. Accurate and reliable weather
information is important for LGUs, especially with
The Metrobase uses CCTV (closed-circuit television)
regard to evacuation. Inaccurate evacuation instruc-
cameras installed in strategic areas in Metro Manila
tions could cost the government millions of pesos.
to monitor traffic, including vehicular accidents; to
count vehicles; and to monitor the activities of its
own traffic enforcers. The cameras are also used to
monitor flooding.
42
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
Ms. Kristin Roxas, City Disaster Risk Management Officer, City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Office, the Philippines
43
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
Mr. Ritche Angeles, City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Officer, Pasig City, Philippines
Pasig City’s Emergency Operation Center, or Com- As part of its efforts to manage flood risk, Pasig City
mand, Communication and Control (C3) System, has installed 230 CCTV fiber-optic cameras in strate-
serves as the nerve center of the city. The operation gic areas, including schools, public markets, pumping
center continuously monitors weather and dispatches stations, floodgates, road networks, and other facili-
units during emergencies. It has 35 personnel for the ties. Three major flood-prone areas—Santolan, Orti-
morning shift and 10 personnel in the evening. This gas-Rosario, and Bambang—now are equipped with
is on top of other personnel from other departments, sirens to send an alarm signal during an emergency. A
such as fire and police. public address system has been established to broad-
cast advisories, and a social media unit is in charge of
Complementing PAGASA’s weather information and responding to calls and inquiries from the public. The
warning system, the Command Center makes its own city has also constructed 23 pumping stations.
localized forecasts by comparing all possible typhoon
tracks and probabilities calculated by local and inter- Pasig City, the MMDA, and neighboring LGUs’ infor-
national weather agencies. Comparing all the prob- mation systems are not linked, and their actions,
abilities allows the city to determine the worst-case especially monitoring and responding to the traffic
scenario among the eight computer-generated fore- situation, are often not coordinated. Out of respect
cast tracks, and to use this as the basis for issuing for political boundaries, the city seeks permission
color-coded alert warnings to constituents. from the other LGUs’ DRRM or related office before
it responds.
44
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
Session 4 (Part 1)
Reflections on the Workshop—Learning from Day 1 and Day 2
Facilitator: Ms. Lilian de la Vega, Workshop Moderator
Workshop participants were divided by country and Philippines was most interesting. The participants
asked to answer the guide questions. Each group learned how to use GIS as a tool in planning and
presented a report on lessons learned from site vis- decision making. This was particularly interesting
its and workshop presentations. The guide questions for the Senegal participants, as Dakar does not
were as follows: have such tools and technology for risk mapping.
1. What case study presentation did you find most ■■ The most interesting presentation was Dr. Lag-
interesting? Why? may’s on mapping, awareness raising, and mitiga-
tion techniques. This information is very important
2. What site visit did you find most interesting?
for informed decision making and initiatives.
Why?
■■ Mayor Eusebio’s presentation on Pasig City’s
3. What challenges facing your project are similar
flood risk management system was most inter-
to the ones presented at the workshop?
esting. Combining technology, knowledge, and
political will are crucial to making a flood man-
Interesting Presentations agement program a success.
The following are selected responses to the first ■■ The presentation about Bangladesh’s urban
question: drainage infrastructure was most interesting,
because it reflected real problems faced by many
■■ The most interest presentations were those on Asian cities.
Marikina City and Jakarta, which addressed the
relocation of people away from danger zones, ■■ Most interesting was the presentation on the
waterways, and tributaries. In many instances, Chao Phraya River basin in Thailand, which
the lack of available land leads to relocation out- addressed the application of science and technol-
side the city. ogy and comprehensive planning to flood man-
agement. This is a good example of a river basin
■■ The most interesting presentations were about approach, which is similar to what is being car-
the economic costs of disaster management and ried out in the Philippines.
sustainable development, as well as the ongoing
investment in disaster risk reduction by the ■■ The most interesting presentation described
Philippines. lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake.
Rehabilitation efforts are being implemented
■■ The presentation on China’s Jiangxi Wuxikou successfully, with results seen after a year of
Integrated Flood Management Project, which implementation.
combines structural and nonstructural measures
to reduce flood risks, was most interesting. It is
important to take into consideration economic, Interesting Site Visit
social, and environmental constraints in design-
ing flood control measures. The following are selected responses to the second
question:
■■ Dr. Mahar Lagmay’s presentation about new
■■ The site visit to Pasig City was interesting, partic-
technology for flood risk management in the
ularly the pumping station, which eased flooding
45
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
■■ The river basin integrated approach being ■■ Balancing structural and nonstructural measures
applied in the Chao Phraya River basin could also is a challenge. Strategies being used in China’s
be applied in Mindanao, Philippines, as the two integrated flood management are relevant to
Senegal because they combine structural and
nonstructural measures.
46
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
Session 4 (Part 2)
Reflections on the Workshop—Defining Needs and Opportunities
Facilitator: Ms. Lilian de la Vega, Workshop Moderator
The discussion was facilitated by the following guid- hazards and resources, to establish an EWS, and
ing questions: to construct rainwater gauges.
1. What technical assistance and knowledge would ■■ Sri Lanka needs to develop a flood risk manage-
you need for your project, city, and/or country? ment master plan.
2. What would you like to learn from your peers or ■■ The Solomon Islands needs hazard maps and GIS.
international experts?
■■ Senegal needs to design an integrated urban mas-
3. What knowledge or technical expertise can you ter plan and to put an EWS in place; it also needs
share with your peers? to conduct digital elevation modelling,improve
its institutional arrangements, fund and maintain
The following are selected responses to the first ques-
drainage systems, involve communities in flood
tion:
risk management, and manage the urban basin
■■ Vanuatu needs assistance from the Philippines and urban wetlands.
with its flood monitoring system, including soft-
The following are selected responses to the second
ware and structure.
question:
■■ The Philippines needs technical assistance for ■■ Participants from the Philippines would like to
three-dimensional flood modelling (similar to learn to use 3-D flood modelling technology and
what is being done in the Netherlands). It also to carry out innovative approaches and method-
needs access to open source software; a tutorial ologies for flood management; they would also
or manual on flood modelling; the latest geo- like information on allocating budgets and on
graphic designs and construction, technology, sources of funds available to cities.
and innovations being used in other countries; a
plan for upgrading and maintaining flood control ■■ Participants from China would like to learn
equipment; laws on environmental protection, how to improve nonstructural measures such as
particularly for bodies of water; and assistance community training in rescue operation, espe-
with and proper coordination of the national cially at the local and community level.
agencies handling different programs, plans,
case studies, and international trainings for the ■■ Participants from Mongolia would like to learn
LGUs. how to improve nonstructural measures and how
to engage local communities in planning and
■■ China needs relevant information from different implementing the flood mitigation process.
countries and training/capacity building in new
technology (e.g., hydraulic modelling and GIS). ■■ Participants from Myanmar would like to
learn about EWS sensors and information trans-
■■ Mongolia needs to build capacity, especially for mission.
local and provincial staffs; it also needs new flood
management technologies and tools. ■■ Participants from Sri Lanka would like to learn
about how to implement a flood management
■■ Myanmar needs to undertake architectural plan, and specifically about involving communi-
design of flood management structures, to map ties.
47
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
■■ Participants from Senegal would like to learn ■■ Participants from China can share their expe-
about experiences with resettlement and com- rience using both structural and nonstructural
pensation of affected people. measures in flood management.
The following are selected responses to the third ■■ Participants from Mongolia can share expe-
question: riences in project implementation and lessons
learned.
■■ Participants from the Philippines can share
data gained in flood management; agrometeo- ■■ Participants from Sri Lanka can share environ-
rology technology; and experiences with program mentally and economically sound wetland man-
implementation, feasibility studies, problems agement system and hydrological studies.
faced and effective responses, and models of
strong political will as exemplified by key leaders.
A community of practice is a group of people who events such as face-to-face workshops, video confer-
share a concern or passion for something that they ence–based workshops, and webinars. At the end of
do, and learn how to do it better by interacting regu- this workshop, a survey will be shared with the par-
larly. ticipants to help identify the needs and interests of
community of practice members.
In the course of 2014, a community of practice on
integrated urban flood risk management will be A successful example of a community of practice is
opened to practitioners, policy makers, experts, and the “Learning from Mega-disasters” group, whose
those interested in management of flooding in the platform currently runs on the C4D platform. This
context of cities. Community interaction will be facil- group has about 1,000 members who share infor-
itated through an online platform running on the mation about large-scale disasters and discuss related
World Bank Collaboration for Development (C4D) topics and who participate in online panel discussion,
platform. The community will be able to engage in collaborative information gathering, new reports, etc.
online discussion and questions, document sharing, The group is very active and members enjoy exchang-
collaborative editing, blogs, and projects, as well as ing knowledge and good practice.
48
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
WORKSHOP HIGHLIGHTS
AND NEXT STEPS
The key messages of the workshop fall under resilience, emphasizing that the expense is “a small
four main themes: combination, communica- price to pay in the long term.” Mr. Motoo Konishi,
tion, coordination, and commitment: the World Bank country director for the Philippines,
talked about the needs of the poor and vulnerable,
■■ Combination. An integrated and long-term
who are disproportionately affected by natural haz-
approach to flood risks, one designed to cope
ards. He pointed out that the most difficult aspects
with a changing and uncertain future, must com-
of flood risk management projects are not technical
bine structural and nonstructural measures.
but rather social, including resettlement, community
■■ Communication. Decision makers and communi- participation, and improvement of livelihoods. Sec-
ties need access to accurate information that is retary Rogelio L. Singson of DPWH addressed both
appropriately communicated so they can make social and technical aspects in his discussion of the
informed decisions. Metro Manila Flood Risk Management Master Plan.
He stressed the importance of planning and the value
■■ Coordination. Effective planning and implemen- of having a strategic and integrated master plan with
tation of programs requires vertical coordination set priorities and actions. “Every peso invested in
between different levels of government, hori- these priority actions is worth it,” he maintained.
zontal coordination across agencies, and broad
During session 1, participants heard about the
coordination among government, the private
importance of engaging local communities and
sector, donors, beneficiaries/recipients, and other
implementing agencies. Dr. Mahar Lagmay of
stakeholders.
DOST reminded the audience that “every Filipino
■■ Commitment. Successful integrated flood has the right to information, whether poor or rich.”
risk management involves the commitment of Information has to be accurate in order to be use-
national and local leaders to ensure that the stra- ful. Technology can help in producing more accurate
tegic and long-term vision of programs can be information, but accuracy by itself is not enough.
realized. Stakeholders must be able to gain access to infor-
mation, and must have the knowledge and tools to
In the opening session, all speakers stressed the make informed decisions. Vice Mayor Jose Fabian
importance of an integrated approach to flood Cadiz of Marikina City and Mayor Eusebio of Pasig
risk management. Mayor Maria Belen A. Eusebio City provided examples of efforts their respective
explained that Pasig City has been severely affected cities are pursuing to strengthen their disaster and
by past flood events, particularly Ondoy (Ketsana) in climate resilience. Their presentations conveyed a
2009, and that these experiences have strengthened positive message about the many opportunities avail-
the city’s resolve to improve its resilience. She stressed able for building urban resilience and improving the
the importance of investing in disaster prevention and lives of local communities. The field visits to both
50
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
cities on the second day reinforced this message by significantly increase risks to natural hazards, often
showcasing concrete investments in hazard monitor- resulting in tragic loss of life as well as physical, eco-
ing, as well as institution and capacity building, that nomic, and social damages. In many cases, specific
help local authorities prepare for, respond to, and hazard events have spurred discussions and have
recover from disasters. encouraged settlement in safer areas. But as memo-
ries of past events fade and structural flood mitiga-
Session 2 focused on the challenges encoun-
tion measures provide people with a sense of security,
tered—and solutions adopted—by countries
settlement resumes in areas that can be affected by
and cities around the world that are implement-
floods or tsunami. The lesson here is that cities must
ing integrated urban flood risk management
plan for the future and ensure that regulations, pro-
projects. In part 1, Assistant Secretary Catalina
cesses, and community engagement in DRM are sus-
Cabral of DPWH and Mr. Kenichiro Tachi of MLIT
tained over the years. Ms. Yuanyuan Cheng talked
echoed the messages from the opening session
about the challenges of rapid growth in the Chi-
about the importance of planning. Assistant Sec-
nese city of Jingdezhen over the next decades, and
retary Cabral described major DPWH programs on
the attendant challenge of deciding what flood risk
flood risk management and explained the status of
infrastructure the city should finance. She explained
priority measures under the MMFRMMP. Mr. Tachi
that the decision making focused on the optimal set
gave an overview of Japan’s comprehensive flood
of investments, which would balance what the city
management planning process, which includes con-
can afford with the level of residual risk it can effec-
sultation with stakeholders at different levels. As part
tively manage. Mr. Abul Kashem of the Dhaka Water
of a case study, this method was applied to the Chao
Supply and Sewerage Authority and Mr. Moham-
Phraya River basin in a project that engaged an espe-
mad Rahman of the Dhaka North City Corporation
cially broad group of stakeholders.
talked about the difficulty of ensuring that Bangla-
Parts 2 and 3 of session 2 focused on the impacts desh’s drainage system keeps pace with the city’s
of urbanization and how to plan for the future. expansion and increasing intensity of flooding. They
In part 2, examples from Indonesia and Senegal were pointed to the need for upgrading and better coor-
used to demonstrate some of the challenges linked dination among agencies, as well as the importance
to rapid growth of urban population, including lack of improved flood risk forecasting on both national
of drainage and solid waste management infrastruc- and city scales.
ture, capacity, and maintenance; informal settlers;
Session 3 provided an opportunity for a deeper
and lack of preparedness in flood risk management.
discussion of flood risk management in Metro
Ms. Eli Sari of Daerah Khusus Ibukota Public Works
Manila and in Jakarta. Ms. Dolores Hipolito of
and Ms. Suryani Amin of the World Bank Jakarta
DPWH highlighted some of the challenges in prepar-
office described some of the problems Jakarta is fac-
ing and implementing the MMFRMMP, including (1)
ing, including subsidence. The presenters explained
the number of cities and agencies involved; (2) the
how the World Bank–supported Urgent Flood Risk
need to have a high-level champion, like Secretary
Mitigation project is addressing these challenges
Singson; (3) the need for complementary structural
through priority engineered and non-engineered
and nonstructural measures; (4) the need to secure
actions, but they indicated that more needs to be
funding for maintenance and investment at the local
done in the long term. Ms. Marie Ndaw of the Dakar
level; and (5) the need for awareness and participa-
Municipal Development Agency in Senegal described
tion at the community level. Mr. Bambang Kayatnan,
current efforts under the Stormwater Management
Mr. Edi Harahap, and Mr. Bambang Surya Putra of
and Climate Change Adaptation Project, including
the Jakarta Disaster Management Agency shared
the development of a master plan for drainage and
experience from Indonesia. They described some of
efforts by social facilitators and NGOs to sensitize
the nonstructural measures Jakarta is implementing,
communities about the planned works.
including investing in a flood information manage-
In Part 3, Mr. Mikio Ishiwatari of the World Bank ment system and developing flood contingency plans
showed how informal settlements in hazardous areas at the village (kelurahan) level. Results from Jakarta
51
Third Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Workshop
show that contingency planning can be an effective community of practice. There was a clear demand
way of engaging communities, building their capaci- from the participants for sustained capacity building
ties and awareness, and strengthening resilience for and knowledge sharing, as well as interest in the pro-
the long term. posed IUFRM COP as presented by Mr. Bob McDon-
ald and Ms. Yuka Yabashi of the Tokyo Distance
The field visits to MMDA as well as to Pasig and
Learning Center. This online platform, run on the
Marikina in the Philippines provided real-life
World Bank Collaboration for Development platform,
examples of structural and nonstructural invest-
will be open to workshop participants; other officials,
ments in flood risk management investment.
practitioners, experts, and interested parties will be
Ms. Maxima Quiambao, director of the Flood Control
and Sewage Management Office, described efforts invited to join and share their knowledge. Specific
by her office to manage flood risk across Metro learning activities that reflect the community’s inter-
Manila, including dredging of channels and cleanup ests and needs—webinars, online-chats with experts,
of public markets. The importance of working with and moderated online discussions—will be offered.
LGUs for maintenance and operations was raised. Sharing of the Philippine experience was essen-
The participants also learned about the Flood Control tial for the successful delivery of this regional
Information Center and the Disaster Risk Reduction workshop. DPWH and MMDA were represented in
and Management Operation Center, which pro- past workshops in Jakarta (2012) and Seoul (2013).
vide weather information and real-time monitoring Indeed, it was in response to Secretary Singson’s
of flood events in Metro Manila. Site visits to flood presentation in Seoul (on the work being done by
control centers in Pasig and Marikina Cities and a DPWH) that participants sought to showcase the
number of pumping stations at the barangay level Philippine experience in flood risk management in
provided examples of concrete investments in urban
the third workshop. This year, DPWH and MMDA
resilience, and clearly demonstrated the commitment
played a crucial role in developing the agenda and—
of the local authorities to making their communities
together with the local governments of Pasig and
more disaster resilient.
Marikina—served as key resources for the partici-
Session 4 was dedicated to reflections on the pants. The Philippines has been at the forefront of
presented case studies and site visits, and to efforts to build disaster resilience, and its leadership
discussions about the need and opportunities and commitment to knowledge sharing can serve as
for sustained knowledge exchange within the a model among the Asian countries.
52
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
Day 1 (June 3, 2014): National and Local Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Programs
8:30–9:00 Registration
Opening and Introductions
Chair: Mr. Ousmane Dione, Sector Manager, Sustainable Development Unit
Welcome Remarks (as city host) Hon. Mayor Maria Belen A. Eusebio, City of Pasig
Welcome Remarks: Building Resilience to Mr. Motoo Konishi, Philippines Country Director, the
9:00–9:45 Urban Flooding Risk World Bank
Keynote Address Hon. Rogelio Singson, Secretary, DPWH
Results of Past Workshops and Objectives Ms. Eiko Wataya, Disaster Risk Management Team,
the World Bank
Agenda Summary
Ms. Lilian de la Vega, Workshop Moderator
9:45–9:55 Break
Session 1: The Philippine Experience—National and Local Policies and Strategies in Main-
streaming Disaster Resilience into the Urban Context
Chair: Ms. Dolores Hipolito, Project Manager, Flood Control Management Office, Flood Control
Management Cluster, DPWH, the Philippines
Presentation: DOST Project NOAH and the Dr. Mahar Lagmay, Department of Science and
Utilization of New Technology for Flood Risk Technology
9:55–11:30 Mitigation in the Philippines
Presentation: Strengthening Marikina City’s Hon. Jose Fabian Cadiz, Vice Mayor of Marikina City
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
System through Technology
Presentation: Pasig the Green City: Flood Risk Hon. Maria Belen A. Eusebio, Mayor of Pasig City
Management and Urban Resiliency
Panel with Q&A from audience
Session 2 (Part 1): Examples of International Practice on Flood Risk Management and Main-
streaming Disaster Resilience into Urban Projects
Day 1 (June 3, 2014): National and Local Flood Risk Management and Urban Resilience Programs (cont.)
Session 2 (Part 3): Examples of International Practice on Flood Risk Management and
Mainstreaming Disaster Resilience into Urban Projects
Chair: Mr. Ramon Alikpala, Be Secure Project, Chief of Party, U.S. Agency for International
Development
Presentation: Lessons from the Great East Mr. Mikio Ishiwatari, Senior Water and Sanitation
Japan Earthquake Specialist, the World Bank
14:45–16:00 Presentation: Combining Structural and Non- Ms. Cheng Yuanyuan, Project Management Unit,
structural Measures to Reduce Flood Risks in Jiangxi Wuxikou Integrated Flood Management
Jingdezhen City, China Project
Presentation: Flood Risk Management and Mr. Md. Abul Kashem, Chief Engineer, Dhaka Water
Urban Resilience in Bangladesh Supply and Sewerage Authority
Mr. Mohammad Arifur Rahman, Superintendent
Engineer, Dhaka North City Corporation
Panel discussion with Q&A from audience
16:00–16:10 Break
Session 3: Breakout session—Group Discussions on Implementing Flood Risk Management
and Urban Resilience Projects
Facilitator: Ms. Lilian de la Vega, Workshop Moderator
Group A: Philippines Group B: Indonesia
Metro Manila Flood Risk Management Master Flood Contingency Plan at Kelurahan Level
Plan Recommendations, Prioritization, and Mr. Bambang Musyawardana Kayatnan, Director
Implementation of Jakarta Disaster Management Agency, and Mr.
16:10–17:25 Edi Junaedi Harahap, Head of Informatics and
Ms. Dolores Hipolito, Project Manager, Flood
Controlling in Jakarta Disaster Management Agency
Control Management Office, Flood Control
Management Cluster, DPWH Flood Information Management System in Jakarta
Facilitator: Ms. Cathy Vidar, DRM Specialist, Mr. Bambang Surya Putra, Informatics Section
the World Bank Head, Jakarta Province Disaster Management Agency.
Facilitator: Mr. Denis Jordy, Senior Environmental
Specialist, the World Bank
Joint group wrap-up and presentation of group discussions by the facilitators
17:25–17:30 Agenda for the next day (Workshop Moderator)
18:00–19:30 Welcome reception at the hotel
Day 2 (June 4, 2014): Field Trip: Implementation in Practice
8:00 1. Departure from hotel and travel to Metropolitan Manila Development Authority
Briefing at MMDA
1. Metrobase
8:30–11.00
2. MMDA Flood Control Information Center
3. Effective Flood Control Operation System
11:00–12:00 Lunch (at MMDA)
12:00–14:00 MMDA site visit
14:00–14:30 Travel to Marikina/Pasig (Groups A and B)
Site visits to LGU facilities in Metro Manila
14:30–16:30 Group A: Marikina City
Group B: Pasig City
16:30–17:00 Travel back to hotel
54
June 3–5, 2014 / Manila, the Philippines / WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
55
Manila, Philippines – August 12, 2012: The floods left at least 66 people dead and affected up to 2.68 million people in Manila
and surrounding provinces, with more than 440,000 fleeing to evacuation centers. Photo: Paula Bronstein/Getty Images.