ISLAMIC ONLINE UNIVERSITY

Aqueeda 202
Module 1 to 10 Notes
Thasneem and Bibi
6/25/2012

These notes are based on the lecture provided by IOU for this course. I hope you find them beneficial
inshaAllah. If you find any mistakes with these notes or any of our notes please contact me at
Ummhajer@gmail.com. Please remember us in your duas. Was Salaam Bibi
Contents
AQD 202 - Module 1 - Heresiology ............................................................................................................... 3
Explanation of the topic: Heresiology ....................................................................................................... 3
Ibn Jawzee-................................................................................................................................................ 3
Adherence to the Sunnah and Jamaa’ah .................................................................................................. 4
The Sunnah and Bid‘ah ............................................................................................................................. 6
Live session March 2012 ........................................................................................................................... 6
Module 2 - The Kharijites History ................................................................................................................. 7
Khawaarij (plural ) ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Module 3 - Kharijite Beliefs and Sects: Azraqites, Ibadites......................................................................... 11
Module 4 - Shi’ite History ........................................................................................................................... 13
Module 5 - General Shi’ite Beliefs, Zaydis, Fadak, ...................................................................................... 17
Module 6 - Shi’ite Theology: Imamology Part One - the Imamate basic concepts. ................................... 21
Module 7 -Shi’ite Theology: Imamology Part Two: Deification of the twelve Imams. ............................... 26
Imaamate and Tawheed ......................................................................................................................... 26
Imaamate and ‘Ibaadah .......................................................................................................................... 27
Module 8 - Twelver Shi’ite Sects: Usulis, Ahkbaris and Shaikhis. Ismailism: History and sects: Nizaris
(Agha Khanis) and Musta’lians (Bohoras) ................................................................................................... 28
Module 9 - Ismaili Beliefs: Theology, and Ismaili sects: Assassins, Qarmatians, Druze.............................. 32
Module 10 - (Study Questions) Review of the Kharijites, Shi’ites, Zadites, and Ismailites ......................... 35
Live session notes ....................................................................................................................................... 38

Assalamu alaikum

I am sharing with you all.

I am only human and therefore my notes can contain errors – so I am asking for your forgiveness ahead
of time. Please forgive me for any errors.

If you do find any mistakes with these notes or any of my notes from any other subjects please contact
me at Ummhajer@gmail.com

InshaAllah, I hope some of you will benefit from it

Please remember me in your duas

Jazakalahukhairan
Bibi Hakh
June 2012
AQD 202 - Module 1 - Heresiology
Page 11 to 20

Explanation of the topic: Heresiology

Notes from the Lecture

Heretic-person who's rejected the religion partially/completely, or introduced so many changes in the
religion, that it's not considered a part of that religion anymore.
Also sectarianism

Roughly 3 main groups of Sects

1. Don’t consider themselves as part of Islam / Muslims but grew out of Islam (Eg. Bahaism), or
2. Consider themselves part of Islam / Muslims, but main body of Muslims don’t consider them
Muslims (Eg. Qadianis/Ahmedis, Nation of Islam or Agakanis are not muslim but consider
themselves Muslims) or
3. They deviated & main body looks at them as deviated, though still Muslims (Eg. Shias, though
some shias are not Muslims)

• No book/text for now.

• 1 book-Al Milal wan Nihal by Imam as Shahrastaani, but incomplete
• Make Notes - since no proper book.

Not dates, etc. The diff. sects ideas, where did they go wrong....study their deviation, otherwise no need
to even look at them.

Talbees Iblees - What motivated Ibn Jawzee to write it?

Hadeeth of Hudayfa al Yaman-“People used to ask Allaah’s messenger about the good but I used to ask
him about the evil for fear of it catching hold of me.” Bukhari

Abdullah ibn Abbas.... “By Allaah, I do not believe there is any one on earth today whom the Devil would
like to see dead more than me.” When he was asked why that was so, he replied, “By Allaah, when the
Devil makes an innovation in the West or the East and a man carries it to me I counter it with a Sunnah
(Authentic collections of prophetic traditions) and it returns to him as he sent it.”

Ibn Jawzee-
• Name: ‘Abdur-Rahmaan ibn ‘Alee ibn Ja‘far al-Jawzee
• Leanage goes back to Abu Bakr
• Died 597 Hijri – scholar of 6th century hijri
• Born in Baghdad around 1114
• 12 Century, Hambali scholar
• Influenced by Ibn Aqeel
• Ibn Aqeel – author of book called Al Fulnool – largest book written by a single author – over 500
volumes (some say it is actually 800 volumes) – summarized by others in 200 to 400 volumes
• Abbasid era, very popular,
• Scholar of Hadith-wrote a book on fabricated hadith by gathering them from various sources
• Wrote 378 works!!! Never wasted time
• Didn’t waste much time when socializing – he would prepare work for when he visit others
Some of his works
• Book Talbees Iblees
 • Wrote books in all sections / areas of Islam
• Other books by him-Sifat us Safwa-biographies of righteous scholars, sahaba, tabieen,
etc...Classic, but in Arabic
• Tareekh ‘Umar ibnal-Khattaab, (Beirut: Daar ar-Raaidal-‘Arabee, 1982).
• Books abt Arabic language, Tafseer-Zaad Al Maseer-9 vols
• Book on fabricated hadiths, etc.
• Taqweem al-Lisaan,- was written in the field of Arabic Linguistics.
• Zaad al-Maseer fee ‘Ilm at-Tafseer, - In the field of science of Tafseer - a nine volume work
• Hadeeth al-‘Ilal al-Mutanaahiyah fee al-Ahaadeeth al-Waahiyah, (on week hadeeth) (1979) and
• Al-Mawdoo‘aat, (on fabricated hadeeth) (1966), which consists of three volumes.

Aqueeda Chart
Mainstream-Sunni Muslims
1st to break off-Khawaarij/Khaarijites. Now/Present day-Ibaadites who rule Oman.
2nd major break away - Next-Shiites-12ers in Iraq and Iran, 7ers, 5ers, Aga Khanis, Boras....have the most
sub branches
Bahaaism-a branch of 12s-Akhbaris & Sheikhis
Ahmadis, Qaadianis – in Indonesia they are not allowed to called their place of worship Mosque as they
are considered not Muslims
• Qadianis - clearly declared non-Islamic by Muslim World League scholars
• Majority & powerful in Ghana & South Africa
Subud – Started by Muslim but has nothing to do with Islam
...

Adherence to the Sunnah and Jamaa’ah

‘Umar reported that on one occasion Allaah’s messenger stood up among them and said, “Whoever
among you desires the center of paradise should keep close to the Jamaa‘ah (community) for the Devil
closely accompanies the solitary individual and is more distant from two.” (Collected by at-Tirmithee)

‘Abdullaah reported that on one occasion Allaah’s messenger drew a line in the dust with his hand and
said, “This is the straight path of Allaah.” Then he drew a series of lines to the right and to the left of it
and said, “Each of these paths has a devil at its head inviting people to it.” He then recited, “Verily this is
my straight path so follow it and do not follow the (twisted) paths.

Ibn ‘Umar reported that Allaah’s messenger said, “What happened to the children of Israel will surely
happen to my nation, step by step. So much so that if there are those who openly have sex with their
mothers, among them there will be among my nation those who do that. Surely the Israelites
splintered into seventy-two sects and my nation will splinter into seventy-three sects, all of which will be
in the fire except one.” When the (Sahaabah) asked “Which sect is it, O Messenger of Allaah?” He
replied, “The one followed by my companions and myself.”

Sweden-incest between parents-child, bro-sis-not a crime

Consulting adults – become the standard principle to determine what is permissible and what is
impermissible

‘Aa‘ishah reported that the Prophet ( ) said, “Whoever does something not approved by us will have it
rejected. (Collected by all-Bukhaaree and Muslim)

Ibn ‘Umar reported that the Prophet ( ) said, “Whoever dislikes my Sunnah is not a true follower.”
(Collected by al-Bukhaaree)
“O Messenger of Allaah, it is as if that was a farewell sermon so what do you enjoin on us?” He replied,
“I advise you to fear Allaah and to listen to and obey your leader even if he may be an Ethiopian slave.
Surely whoever among you who lives after me will see great disputes, so adhere to my Sunnah and that
of the rightly- guided Caliphs who will come after me. Stick closely to this Sunnah, bite into it with your
molars and beware of newly invented matters (in religion) for every invented matter (in religion) is a
cursed innovation (Bid‘ah) which leads astray.” (Collected by at-Tirmithee and Abu Daawood)
• Importance to hold on to the sunnah and rightly guided caliphs
• Importance of following the ruler – part of sticking with the community
• Believer moves into submission to the sunnah

Consequences of not following the Sunnah and adhering to the Jamah

Prevention from drinking from the pond in Jannah - Ibn Mas‘ood reported that Allaah’s messenger said,
“I will lead you to the pond (in paradise), and some men will tremble and fall away from me. I will call
out, ‘O Lord, they are my followers!’ And it will be said, ‘You do not know what they invented after
your passing.’ ” (Collected by al-Bukhaaree and Muslim)

By Allaah, I am leaving you (after me) with something like brightness; its night and its day are alike.”
Aboo Dardaa said, “By Allaah, Allaah’s Messenger ( ) left us on (a path) like brightness.” (Collected by Ibn
Maajah)
• There is nothing secretive in Islam
• Like what the cults claim – only leader gets the secret

“Very soon a tradition of mine will be related to a person lying on his couch who will say, ‘The Book of
Allaah (the Qur’aan) is (enough) between you and us. Whatever we find in it as halaal (lawful), we
accept it as halaal and whatever we find in it as haraam (unlawful), we take that as haraam.’ Behold,
whatever Allaah’s Messenger has declared as haraam is just like that which Allaah has declared as
haraam.” (Collected by Ibn Maajah)
• Like the Quranioon – only believe in the Quran and rejects the Sunnah
• Whoever obeys the Messenger has obeyed Allah even if it is not mentioned specifically in the
Quran

“He who deliberately attributes a lie to me, let him take his seat in the Hell-Fire.”
(Collected by Ibn Maajah)
• A warning against fabrication of hadeeth – so adhere to the sunnah

“If anyone introduces a good tradition that is followed, he has a reward for that and the reward
equivalent to the reward of those who follow it without any diminution in their rewards; and if anyone
introduces an evil tradition that is followed, its burden as well as the burden of those who act upon it,
will lie upon him without any diminution in their burdens.” (Collected by Ibn Maajah)
• This is in reference to what the prophet approved – not innovation / bidah

“He who revives a Sunnah of mine, then people acted upon it, would earn (a reward) similar to the
reward of one who acted according it; nothing would be deducted from his reward.”

Importance of adherence to the Sunnah and community

• Prophet forbade splintering off, rebellion, splitting the community, division in ranks
• Prophet will deal with dispute of the companions
• After his death we resolve our disputes by adherence to the sunnah
Sufyaan say, “A declaration of faith is meaningless without corresponding deeds:
• sincere intention and agreement with the sunnah (page 18)

The Sunnah and Bid‘ah

• Most of the sects that broke away did so through bidah
• Every deviant innovator also call to the sunnah example sunnipath.com – are sufi, bidah to the
extreme
The word Sunnah literally means a path and there is no doubt that the companions of the Prophet,
those who follow in their footsteps, and those who narrated the Prophet’s sayings are followers of the
Sunnah, because they were on the path where no innovations occurred.
• Following sunnah means – following with the understanding of the early generations

Bidah –
• Something which did not exist and was then invented
• Innovations conflict with divine law by implying a need for human additions or deletions
• Allah has completed this religion and is please with the understanding of the religion at that time
• Implying Allah’s favor not completed
• Invented practice which did not contradict the Sharee‘ah or imply any change was disliked by the
majority of early scholars
• Whenever the companions came across any act, statement that is not from the sunnah they would
speak strongly against it.
• Example – collection of the Quran – Zayd asked how can the two of you do something the Prophet
did not do
• Ibn Mas’ood said, “Adhere closely to the Prophet’s path, for if you go to the right of it or to the left,
you will go far astray.”

Following the Sunnah & Sticking with the Jamaa' ah

bright path-Islam-nothing secretive info, knowledge, etc. like what most cults/sects have

sunnipath.com - Sufi, Bidah extreme- though name denotes sunnah

Innovation/bidah contradicts the verse in Quran- '...today I have completed your religion, Allah is
pleased with it....' - so when we add or change-implies the religion is not complete

(Alawees/Nusayrees-from the 7th ers-Syria-Ruling class-Hafez Assad from Nusayrees. Nusayrees r

outside of Islam, coz Ali elevated , like a trinitiy with Prophet saw & Salman Farsi, etc. Druze of Lebanon
r also outside Islam)

Live session March 2012

Ibn Aqeel – wrote the largest book
• Used to sit with leaders of Mutazilite
• Attend the lessons of Abul Mualee al Julaynee known as Imam ul Haramine and Abul Hamid al
Gazali – Ashari scholar – people of Kalam
• He got mixed up in the attributes of Allah
• Both Ibn Aqeel and Ibn Jawzee were influenced by the Ashari views – the people of Kalam even
thought they were both on the Hambali Mathab.
• In their Aqueeda they had Ashari views, in Fiqh they were Hambali mathab.
• One of Ibn Jawzeeya books translated into English and people are claiming that these are the
views of Hambali because Ibn Jawzeeya was a Hambali scholar
• But Ibn Jawzeeya went against the aqueeda aspect of the Hambali Mathab – he was on that of
the Ashari
 • Ibn Aqeel repented on these view of Kalam, and Ashari view – his repentance did not save his
followers as we see her with Ibn Jawzeeya
• Lesson – we have to becareful of what we wrote – it will influence other (tawba will benefit you
only but your innovations or errors may be more publicized and influence others)
Ibn Jawzee students – both in Hadeeth

Two mistakes of who?

1. Attributes – had ashari view on some of the attributes of Allah

• Influenced by ibn Aqee – so we have to be careful who we sit with
• A person is on the religion of his close friend – so be careful who you befriend - Hadeeth
• Ibn Qadamah, Ibn Taymeeya and ibn Rajab – all Hambali scholars who refute Ibn Jawzeeya
regarding his Ashari views

2. Issue of Tabbaruk – seeking blessings from things

• Blessings is only from what Allah made blessings from
• Black stone – lots of virtues - yet did not convey Umar to kissed it until he saw the Prophet
kissed it and he only did so because the prophet did it.

The hadeeth of 73 sects with the addition "those who follow what my companions and i are upon today"
was authenticated by ibn katheer, al-Albaane and others

Module 2 - The Kharijites History

The Devil’s Deception, pp. 21-30,
Mislamic Sects part one, pp. 3-8.

Review
Importance of adherence of Quran and sunnah
Adherence of sunnah and jamah
Issues of Bidah and sunnah
Importance of avoiding bidah

Sects that break off from Islam –

• In one way or other they have not adhere to the sunnah but have introduced bidah
• Introduction of bidah or lack of adherence to bidah
o Manifest itself in interpretation of Quran
o Manifest in interpretation of the Sunah
o Acceptance or rejection of sunnah
• Two fundamentals (that Prophet told us to hold firmly to) they have misinterpreted them
• Their interpretation is different from that of the sahabah, their students and the generation
after them

First sects that deviate

• Manifest in their teachings – lack of adherence to the Quran and Sunnah
• While claiming to follow the Quran and sunnah
• Deviated sects, while claiming to follow Quran & Sunnah, but has actually abandoned it.
• Pick and choose from the Sunnah what they want to follow
 • When sunnah goes against their teachings they go against it
• Lack of adherence – taking what pleases them and leaving what does not please them  they
are actually following their desires
• Desires become their deciding factor – their pillar
• From Islam, but deviated

Khawaarij (plural )
• From Kharijee - the one leaving/Outside-Kharaja.
• Comes from the verb kharaja – to leave
• Kharij – the one who leaves
• Kharijee – those who leave
• In English-Seceders. Break away/leave.

Origin:
• Traced back to time of Prophet saw, but became a movement at Ali's time.
• Hadith: Ali (governor of Yemen) sent some gold ore wrapped in leather the Prophet divided it
into 4 people. One companion said he had a better claim to the wealth…. Man stood up and
said “Muhammad Fear Allah".. then the Prophet (saw) prophesied about his descendants of
this man ...
o “There will arise a people from among the progeny of this man who will recite the
Quraan, but it will not go beyond their throats; they will pass through the religion as an
arrow passes through its target.
• Man name was Thul-Khuwaisarah at-Tameemee (at-Tameemee meaning from that tribe)

Thul-Khuwaisarah at-Tameemee
• He is considered the first Khaarijee to arise in Islam
• He preferred his own opinion over that of the Prophet

Ali ibn Abi Talib

• Fourth Caliph – after the death of Uthman
• His forces clash with Aisha, Talha, Az Zubair
• Shifted his head quarter from Madinah to Kufa in Iraq
• Changing governors who were previously appointed by Uthman
• Issue claimed which lead to the murder of Caliph Uthman was that he hired his relatives
• Governor in Syria was Mu‘aawiyah ibn abi Sufyan – his replacement was Sahl

Mu‘aawiyah – cousin of Uthman

• His people supported him and rebel against his replacement
• He gathered an army and set off to avenged the death of Uthman (his cousin)
• Ali’s position – death should be avenged but not now – priority is to stabilized situation
• Ali appointed Caliph but not everyone has given biyah to him
• Leading sahaba - Ussama ibn Zayd, Ibn Umar, Zayd ibn Thabbit, Sad ibn abi Waqqas did not give
oath of allegiance to Ali
• Mu‘aawiyah did not consider Ali as having been fully chosen or appointed as Caliph

Clashes between Ali and Mu‘aawiyah forces

 • Mu‘aawiyah forces came into a clash with forces behind Ali – after a clash taken place in a
previous attempt lead by Aisha to deal with the murderers of Uthman (Battle of Camel) – Aisha
was captured and Talha and Zubair were both martyred
• Did not turn into a full scale battle – they did not want bloodshed
• Followers of Mu‘aawiyah (called Sheea Mu‘aawiyah)
• Followers of Ali – called Sheea Ali
• Sheea – means supporters, admirers
• Mu‘aawiyah forces – took the Quran and put it up on their sword and said to rule by the Quran

Arbitration
• Mu‘aawiyah’s followers sent ‘Amr ibn al-‘Aas
• ‘Alee’s followers chose Abu Moosa al Asharee (he was not involved in the conflict)
• Alee was not in favor with this choice – he wanted Ibn ‘Abbaas who had more experience
• Abu Moosa and Amr met and decision was made
• Decision – Ali should step down as Caliph and let the people make an open choice again
• Decision – difference – Ali shifted back his way to Kufa
• Some of Ali followers broke away from him  formation of Khawaarij

Earlier Elements of Khawaarij

• Caliph Abu Bakr – he had to fight the forces of the false prophetess Sajaa – who came from the
Tameemee tribe
• She joined forces with Musaylama – an open false prophet – that the prophet talked about – he
wanted to work out a deal with the prophet
• First signs of their break away – their support for Sajaa – and then to both her and Musaylama

Appearance –
• During Uthman's caliphate. Accused him of baseless things - Their Aqeedah was formulated
later.
• Revolt/coming out-Ali's cliphate, when they split of from his army.

Judgment belongs only to Allah - ‘Urwah ibn Uthainah (Jareer)

• Follower of Ali
• He questioned Ali’s initial decision to accept arbitration and quoted al Annam 6:57 and Surah
Yusuf - 12:40 and 12:67 Judgment belongs only to Allah
• When Ali entered Kufa – the main break took place - a large portion (6,000 to 12,000) did not
enter Kufa with him
• They camped in a place called Haroorah (initial name for khawaarij)
• The echoed what Urwah said “Judgment belongs only to Allah”
• Appointed Shuaib12 ibn Rib‘ee at-Tameemee as their Ameer for battle, and
• ‘Abdullaah ibn al-Kawwaa al-Yashkaree

Khawaarij - Qualities
• At this point they were very pious – doing so from a pious position – Lets fight it out - whoever
wins would be according to the Qadr of Allah
• Righteousness with regards to their worship
• Sound of humming of bees – recitation of quran
• Had sajdah marks – meticulous in their prayers, knees had callus from prostration
• Known for their righteousness
• Felt they knew better than Ali ibn abi Talib and chose to reject him
Abdullah ibn Abbaas – got permission from Ali to go and speak to the Khawaarij
• Said to the Khawaarij that he come from the Muhajirs, the Ansaars, and from whom most of the
Quran was revealed in their presence and from the son-in-law of the Prophet and they all
understand the Quran better than you
• Some refused to enter into discussion with him – because they say Allah said “Indeed the
Quraysh is an argumentative people” – he is from the Quraysh
• Others negotiated / listen to him
• Not a single muhajirs, ansaar are among the Khawaarij and they knew the Quran better than
you

Khawaarij had 3 issues against Ali-

1. Ali made men judges in Allah's affair, even though Allah said "Judgment belongs only to Allah"
2. When Ali fought (against Muawiyah)& killed enemies , he didn’t take prisoners nor war spoils
(reason-they agreed before that they wouldn’t do that, coz both were Muslims & it only applies
for non-Muslims)
3. Ali removed the title "Ameerul Mu'mineen" from himself. It was introduced by Umar ibn
Khattab. (Abu Bakr & Ali didn’t have it). So, Khawaarij said, if he's not Ameerul Mu'mineen, he
must Ameerul Kaafireen.
(Above hadith-a bluprint used for da'wah. Ibn Abbas listened to all the issues of his enemies. We can see
how he dealt with them. Allow them to say what they want. Give them advice.)

Ibn Abbas response to their opinions with proof from Quran to refute them
1. Allah has given decision making capabilities to man's issues-Eg. Appointing judges in
reconciliation between man & wife, rabbit-killing animals in ihram...so if it's done for such
smaller issues, then it's definitely applicable to make reconciliation in great issues like
war/spilling blood. They accepted
– Surah Maida -... according to the judgment of two just men from among you 5:95
– If you fear discord between them, appoint a judge from is family and one from hers to
arbitrate. 4:35
2. If you are in a battle with Aishah, will u take her as a captive, and have relations with her. If u say
yes-then u have left Islam. If u deny she's mother of believers, then also you have left Islam. So,
you are stuck. They retracted their objection.
– The Prophet is closer to the Believers than their own selves and his wives are their mothers.
Quran Surah Ahzaab 33:66
3. Hudaybiyyah treaty-When writing it, Abu Sufyan objected to Prophet saw using the title
"Messenger of Allah', so they didnt write it coz Prophet accepted. If Prophet saw can erase that
title from himself, than isnt that far greater than Ali ra, removing Ameerul Mu'mineen from
himself? So, half the people accepted & joined Ali, but the other half didn’t.

Those who rejected Ibn Abbaas response - started one of the most horrible massacres of Muslims
(Muslims killing Muslims)

Abdullah ibn Khabbab

• Asked him to relate a hadeeth and he related – …a time of dissension in which one who sits is
better than one who stands, one who stands is better than one who walks and one who walks is
better than one who runs. And, he said, “If you are alive at that time, be a slave of Allah who is
murdered (than among those who murder).”
• Killed Abdullah ibn Khabbab,
• Slit opens his wife's belly & cut his baby into pieces.
 • Later Ali sent forces to defeat them in the battle of Nahrawan. Very few escaped, most were
killed. But the few that escaped, joined together later, and swore revenge to kill Ali, Muawiyah
& Amr ibn Al As. They killed them. Killed Ali when he was going for Fajr.
• They revolted later in Umayyad & Abbassid eras before finally being crushed in Abbassid
• So, main thing, they splintered.

Module 3 - Kharijite Beliefs and Sects: Azraqites, Ibadites

The Devil’s Deception, pp. 30-33,
Mislamic Sects part one, pp. 9-18

Khawaarij
• They called themselves asShuraat which means a vendor, the one who sells. Taken from
Quranic verse meaning those who sell their souls to Allah
• Extreme view are noted for terrorists activities in the name of Islam.
• They declared Ali’s caliphate invalid and declared him disbeliever.
• Declared Ali & Muawaiyah to be disbelievers, coz they called for arbitration.
• Condemn Uthman felt he was unjust in later part of caliphate because he name people from his
own family as governor  Rejected the call to avenge Uthman's murderer (basis of Muawaiya
revolt).
• Those who don’t support their views about Uthman and Ali  declared them and their families
as disbelievers including women and children  legitimate to execute them
• They introduced a principle of equality with regard to the caliphate to gain popularity.  the
leaders of the Muslims should be from the tribe of the Quraysh (hadeeth)  they declared this
principle to be null and void – Imaam could be anybody from anywhere
• Choose an obscure individual as their Ameer – Abdullah ibn Wahb ar Raseebee  to promote
the idea that anyone can be their leader  attracts people esp. The non-Arabs
• After their initial defeat at Narhawan, they became more avenging. Went to extreme views.

Driving Principles after their defeat at Narhawan

• Reverence for those who were martyred (according to their views)
• Avenge their death
• Leads to extreme views and approaches

Azariqah
• Extreme view and approaches. One of the biggest sects of Khawarij.
• Named after Nafi ibn Azraq - Son of blacksmith of Greek origin.
• Developed guerrilla warfare. Developed strong cavalry. Appear out of nowhere,
attacked towns and looted – raiders.
• In the area of Basrah
• During 20 years of Muawiyya, they were the main groups to maintain revolts.
• Other Khawarij groups were mainly crushed.

Ibaadiyaah or Ibaadite
• Found in Oman, Tanzania, Persia and Tunisia.
 • Main sects appeared after a particular Khawarij leader Abu Bilal at-Tameeme – Mirdas
ibn Udayah. Rejected a number of the views of Azraqites.
• Their views were more moderated - Did not consider non-Khariji as kufar.
• Rejected the principle of isti'raad – political murder
• Practice similar to Malikies - Pray their hands with the side like Malikies.
• Differ in certain areas of Aqueeda  link them with Mutazilites (idea of the Quran being
created and one who commit major sins would be in hell forever)
• Don’t hold the idea of or practice Takfeer – excommunication
• Considered as Muslims

Belief of the Khaarijites

1. Anyone can be leader of the community.
2. Revolt against the Imam who has strayed/sinned is an obligation. Used to revolt against Ali.
3. Faith without works cannot save anyone, ie. Faith alone is not sufficient.

Faith – Belief – Major sins and Hell

In Al Fiqh al Akbar – attributed to Abu Hanifa (weak attribution) states:
• If a person belief or commit a major sin – this does not take a person out of Islam
• Faith is sufficient is enough to take a person eventually out of Hell
Khawaarij belief once you go to hell you do not come out

Yazeedites
• Yazeed Ibn abi Aneesa the founder.
• Allah will reveal religion to a prophet among the Persians and a new Quran
• It will be the religion of Sabioon.
• Puritanism - To be pure in conscience.
• A sect even went to the extreme to remove Surah Yousef from the Quran as it was too mundane
– unworthy of being the word of God
• A belief that a person sin takes him out of Islam. A philosophical idea- Islam is a perfect state
When a Muslim should be perfect. Either Muslim or non-Muslim. Nothing in between. To sin is a
contradiction to the state of being Muslim.
• Sin represents internal apostasy  person who sins doesn’t possess a perfect state of soul and
could not be a Muslim in reality - All non-kharajites apostate and their blood halal
• Commit sin = apostasy and punishment for apostasy is death  so your blood considered halal
• Revolt against Imaam

Movements of Our Time with Khawarij Principle

1. Jamia Islamiayyah of Egypt
2. Takfeer wal Hijrah
3. Talibaan
4. Movements in Algeria

Bayaa (Allegiance)
• Hadeeth of the Prophet (PBUH) whoever does not put an oath to allegiance dies like the one at
the time of Jahilliyah.
• It does not mean to show allegiance to individuals.
• It means if there is an imaam of the Muslims.
 • Today's rising individuals Muslims around the world asking for allegiance. This is not what is
intended by the hadeeth.

Taaliban-legitimate in the beginning, and right to support them. But when they were defeated, and a
new group/regime took leadership, and that this new regime said it would follow Shariah, the Taliban
shud have accepted it and tried to just correct mistakes, without bloodshed, etc., but instead they took
martyrdom & vengeance....so similar principles of Khawaarij (more in video)

Module 4 - Shi’ite History

The Devil’s Deception, pp. 34-37,
Mislamic Sects, pp. 19-21.

Sheeites
• Sheea precipitated by the Khawaarij
• Khawaarij declared Ali as a disbeliever
• Shi’ah – declared Ali to be the ultimate believer
• Both held opposite beliefs, eg.abt Ali, from the perspective of love.
• Khawaarij hated him coz he preferred human arbitration over Allah's in their view- extreme in
their hatred
• Sheea-Though loving Ali is a part of faith, went of to another extreme.

Some of their wildest claims – due to their extreme love for Ali ra
• Ali was Allah, astaghfirullah.
• Ali better than Prophet saw.
• A religious duty to curse Abu Bakr & Umar
• Others declared that Abu Bakr & Umar disbelievers
Many ridiculous & absurd sects arose from the Sheea, but we would not look at them as it is not
beneficial  Today most Sheeites don’t believe in these extreme views

Sheeahism
• Shia - comes from the verb Shaa'ah which means to Spread (verb).
• Shee'ah – literal meaning  Faction/Sect - A group of partisans who like a particular individual

• Shee’ah did not had the connotation it took on later

• Supporters of Ali were called  Shee’ah Ali
• Supporter of Muawiyah were called  Shee’ah Muawiyah
• Then we will certainly drag out from every sect/group(Shee’ah) those who were most obstinate
in their rebellion against Allah - Surah Maryam
• Surah Al Anam vs 159 – As for those who divide their religion and break up into sects (sheeah)
you have no part of them in the least
• The word "Sheea: is used in Quran-for sects? in a negative context, but the term itself doesn’t
denote negativity

Hassan negotiated with Muawiyah – unite the ummah under one caliphate
• After Ali murder and burial in 661 CE, Hasan was declared as the Caliph by the people of Iraq
• Hassan negotiated with Muawiyah and after ruling for about 6 months he abdicated caliphate to
Muawiyah, so that he could unite the Ummah & various factions.
 • Hassan gives up Caliphate and he would be taken cared of with a good pension etc.
• Muawiyah had political experience.
• Hasan's abdication was predicted by Prophet saw.
• Technically-Hasan is the 5th righteous caliph.

Muawiyahs caliphate
• Muawiyahs caliphate lasted for a long time.
• Hasan died during his caliphate, of natural causes, at 45
• Muawiyah on his death bed, insisted Yazeed (his son) for caliphate Some ppl reluctant,
disagreement, but in general, Ummah accepted, coz Muawiyah was a leading Sahabi, who wrote
revelation...
Yazeed Caliphate – Hussein revolt and death
• Hassan's brother, Al-Husain, refused to give bay'ah to Yazeed.
• Iraqi people appealed to him to come & lead them in a revolt against Yazeed.
• Hussein sent Muslim ibn Aqeel, his cousin, to see if he would get support from the people in Iraq
• The people of Iraq (Sheeah) give their oath of allegiance to support Hussein in the revolt against
Yazeed
• Ppl, family & other Sahaba in Madinah, warned him not to go coz Iraqi's can’t be trusted
(hypocrisy) or he was not in a position to challenge Yazeed, coz he was already
established....read rest in book/video
• Hussein decided to go so he left Mecca for Kufa
• During the course of his journey Yazeed appointed a new governor for Iraq Ubaidullah ibn Zayd
– he went to Kufa and establish his rule without any resistance from the Kufan – no struggle, no
fight
• Ubaidullah ibn Zayd executed Ibn Aqeel - he was leading a revolt against the government
•  once you take out weapons against the Muslim population the consequence is death  from
Quran
• Words came to Hussein about this execution and he was advised to go back and Yazeed sent
emissaries not to proceed to go back  he refused and continued
• As he went on – his supporters dwindled until it was only himself and family members and few
supporter about 200 in total
• Yazeed sent 4,000 troops after the group lead by son of Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas  Umar ibn Sa’d
• Forces block the road to Kufa and surrounded them and call for them to submit / surrender- the
refused
• Umar ibn Sa’d turned his troops on them and killed almost every one

Karbala – Hussein’s death, burial and family

• Umar ibn Sa’d troop cut off Hussain's head in Karbala, 10th of Muharram, and taken to Yazeed
in Kufa.
• Yazeed was sickened, he didn’t want this. He only wanted them to be prevented & sent back to
Mecca.
• Caliph Yazeed sent the head back to Husain's family – his sister Faatima and her son Ali (Zainul
Abeedeen)  they buried it along with Hussain’s body in Karbala
• Yazeed treated Husain's family with honour & provided for their needs & gave them an escort to
go back to Madinah. But Sheea think of Yazeed as Satan incarnate.
• Karbala becomes the most holy place on earth for Sheeah. Prostrate on clay tablets is made
from Karbala.
• Going to Karbala, much more holier than doing Hajj (say it equivalent to 4 or 10 Hajj)
Issue of martyrdom – important for Sheeah
• This is a driving force for Sheeites...
• Claim that Hassan was martyred by Muawiyah - that Muawiyah poisoned him, and they didn’t
want to accept that he died of old age.
• Made all/most of Ali & his descendants into martyrs.
• Ceremony on 10th of Muharram in Shee’ite committee now become a Religious significance and
practice
• Make a procession in Karbala, and carry Ta'ziyah (model of the tomb of the Hussain).
• The Kufans, felt that by self mutilation ceremony on his anniversary, it would somehow release
them of the sins of betrayal to Husain. Penance.

Hussein - Ta'ziyah-Youtube-see the Sheeites yearly processions

Sheeites beliefs now evolving into a system,

• Imams elevated from a political level - claiming that Ali should have been the leader...
• Fabricated hadeeth to make the claim strong...fabricated hadeeth of Ghadeer Khumm...though
Prophet did stop at Ghadeer Khumm, (Prophet stopped at the pond/lake of Khumm) but they
added stuff like-he set up a tent, Ali was in it & Prophet made people give bay'ah to Ali, after his
death and that 1st to give bay'ah were Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman...so the Sheeah consider the
Sahaba apostated by disobeying the Prophet's command & breaking their bay'ah & so
disbelievedsame extreme view of Sheea like Khawaarij...even IF we said Sahaba sinned, does
that make them disbelievers? But of course this never happened.
• They elevated a sin to cause a sahaba (with the exception of only 3 or 5) as apostate
• Began to give Ali attributes which belonged only to Allah.
• 1st attribute give to Ali - Infallibility - incapable of committing any error.
• Belief in the Imam – became a basic pillar of faith

12 Imams –
• After Hassan and Hussein – all the other imams were from the descendants of Hussein not from
Hassan even though Hassan descendants were far more than descendants of Hussein

Deification of Ali – started at the time of Uthman by Abdullah ibn Sabah

• Story of a Yemenite Jew, Abdullah ibn Sabah, in Uthman’s rule & playing a role in his
assassination of Uthman
• Abdullah ibn Sabah was like Paul in Christianity-deviating the teachings.
• Ali's time-he provoked the battle between Ali and Talhal/Zubair/Aishah- which resulted in the
death of Ali?, Talhah & Zubayr.
• The armies met and there were no fighting until both were attacked at the same time and both
thinking it is the other group attacking them – it was Abdullah ibn Sabah who was mentioned as
involved in this conspiracy
• When Ali alive – Abdullah ibn Sabah claimed Ali was Allah-Ali caught the followers of this group
and executed them by burning them alive.
• Abdullah ibn Sabah was caught later and was banished from Iraq, but revived his claim openly,
after Ali was killed.
• His call of the deification of Allah was echoed in the various sects that developed in Iraq around
Ali

Sheeite 12 Imams-12ers
1. Ali
 2. Hasan
3. Husayn
4. Ali Zaynulabideen
5. Muhammad al Baaqir Brother was Zayd, who led a revolt – known as 5ers - Zaydee, Ismailis...
6. Jaafar as Saadiq-great scholar, who taught a no. of mainstream Muslim scholars. We have many
hadiths from him. Abu Hanifa studied under him. But some sheeites even named a madhab
after him-Jaafari Madhab
7. Moosa al Kaazim. Some issues, coz some Shias believe Jaafar's eldest son Ismaeel was
designated by Jaafar to succeed him, but he died. So his brother Moosa became the 7th Imam.
Those who believe Ismaeel to be the 7th Imam are the Ismaeelis-in the form of the Aga Khanis,
Bohras (in India), Khojas...diff. names.
8. Ali ar-Rida.
9. Ali an Naqee
10. Hasan al Askaree had a son called Muhammad al Mahdi – claimed gone into hiding as a child in a
cave and he had a series of disciples (4) to communicate to the Sheeah – during the earlier
period of the lesser occultation
11. Mahdi al Muntazar-went into hiding to appear later as Mahdi, bringing along with him Mus-haf
Fatima-....
The state of the greater accultation (Ghaiba al Kubra) – no one to communicate for him
They claim he is amongst us and he will reappear and bring with him Mushaf Fatima – which will be 500
times our Quran, not containing a single verse from our Quran

All these Imams, especially the earlier ones, did'nt they object to the Shia almost worshipping them? In
reality, did the Imams follow the real Sunnah, or what the Shiites proclaimed?-The Imams are free of the
Shias claims on them. Some even rejected them-Ali Zanulabideen coz he refused to curse Sahaba
Jafar as Sadiq debate with a Shiite.

Stories made up that every Imam was poisoned or martyred.

Shee’ah Fiqh
• Fiqh of Shias is similar to Hanafi fiqh. Sometimes even outlandish. Praying with hands at the
sides is must-if on chest-salaah invalid. Unless he is hiding his faith – called Taqeeyah - literally
“caution or fear”)
• Prostrating on the stones, wiping the feet instead of washing
• Sodomy is halaal, permitted between man & wife (homosexuality is not).
• Permit Mut'aa/temporary marriage (even for 1 hr). Though it was permitted in early Islam, later
forbidden. These are all minor issues.
• The major issue between us & them is Aqeedah, focusing on the Imams. For Shias-We r muslims,
but to be a Mu'min, one must believe in the Imams, so we can never be Mu'mins according to
them & only Mu'mins go to paradise...ie mainstream Muslims r disbelievers & go to hell.
• Main point-Belief in the Imams/ Imaamology.

Ask-If the normal shias were raised with all the erroneous beliefs in the Imams and the incorrect
Aqeedah, and they did not have a chance to learn the correct Aqeedah as the mainstream Muslims, will
they still be punished or could Allah forgive them and punish only their scholars? We could have been
born in a Shiite family and held the same beliefs too and not have had access to correct
knowledge??????
-------
Live Session:
Abdullah ibn Saba-was responsible for creating their sect. Was a jew 1st, then became a Muslim, but a
hypocrite.
Mentioned in Imaam Shahrastaani's book, and even admitted by Shia themselves. Even known as
Sabaee'yyah. And also Kadhaaboon.

Imaamiyyah/12ers/Raafida- all same. They don’t acknowledge "Raafidah". We use it. They use all the
other names.
Zaydiyyah-closest to us.

By declaring Sahaba as apostates, they tried to destroy Islam, coz it was the Sahabah who conveyed the
whole of Islam.

Taqeeyyah-they attract us slowly-do Taqeeyyah.

3 type of Shiites-
Moderate Shiee- Ali ra is superior to Uthman, but still caliphate is valid.-Zaydee
Extremist Shiee-Ali ra is superior to Abu Bakr and Umar.
Rafidee-the worst-who curses & insults Abu Bakr & Umar, stole the caliphate, apostates...
Above is a classification based from Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal.

Now Zaydees r also split into 3 groups. 2 of which joined the Raafidah. So, very few are acceptable to
Ahlus Sunnah.

Module 5 - General Shi’ite Beliefs, Zaydis, Fadak,

The Devil’s Deception, p. 37-46,
Misilamic Sects part one, p. 21-22.

Shia in relation to Kawarij – they were on the opposite end

Sunni Islam honor Ali, respects him, as a source of sunnah, -- in the middle
Kawarij – declare him a disbeliever
Shia – movement which elevated him to extreme – went as far to say he is god on earth (the Nusayrees)
Nusayrees in Syria-consider Ali to be god incarnate.

Shia
• Shii'ism & all other sects- result from the un-achievement of their political goals-
• Goal - seeking the Caliphate.
• Not being able to achieve their political goal, the movement degenerated to a religious based
movement/resistance,
• To keep their political goals alive by their religious principles of Imaamate-main/distinguishing
feature of the Shia-even today, from the Sunni Muslims. (that leadership/caliphate should have
belonged to Ali & subsequently their Imams later.)

Q. Why do the remaining 9 Imams besides Ali, Hasan & Husayn have to come only from Husayn? Why
not from Hasan?
A. Main reason-Husayn married the daughter of Yazdagird, the former ruler of Iran/Persia.
• The rulers of Iran were considered to be gods (on earth), like the rulers of Egypt (Pharaohs).
• So, the lineage from both sides (ruler's & Prophet saw's) was special-result-
• Ali Zain al Abideen was special – he had special lineage.
 • Descendants of Hasan didn’t have that special quality.
Rafidah
• Rafida-Rejecters- they rejected Zayd because he refused to speak ill of Abu Bakr, Umar and
Uthman
• When Zayd refused to speak ill of the 1st 3 Caliphs, the Sheea's rejected him, so called Rejecters.
• They wanted those who are going to lead them to express this idea – that the caliphate was
stolen – it should have been Ali and not the first 3 – Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman

Zammamites
• Zammamites-the criticizers
• Claimed that angel Jibreel made a mistake & took the message to Prophet Muhammad saw,
instead of Ali.
• An extreme branch.
• Even the Shiites call them the Ghulaat/Extremists & reject them.
• Majority of Sheeites don’t hold this belief. So, don’t bring this point up if ppl ask the differences
between Shiites & Sunnis.
• Not a basic belief of the Shites, only a very minor group.

Among the major ideas the mainstream Shiites hold (12ers, 5 ers, 7ers...)
1. The Sahaba apostate after Prophet's death (to promote the idea of Imaamate) – Sahaba had
pledged to Prophet about Ali's caliphate, then broke the oath they made with the prophet, so
apostated...so caliphate stolen from Ali – their story declaring Sahaba as apostates.
2. Inheritance which Prophet saw supposed to have left for Fatima – Fadak – an Oasis town near
Khaybar – which the Prophet received as Fay'-spoils of war taken without a fight.
• Shia claim that Prophet left it to his daughter, and her son, his uncle Abbas....but Abu Bakr
said it couldn’t be inherited coz Prophet's don’t leave inheritance, only charity. The family
may take from it only their needs, but it is not inheritance.
• What we leave behind us is charity and not inheritance. The family may take from it
according to need but may not inherit it. Hadeeth.
• Shia - Fabricated many hadeeth & made up lots of stories about how Abu Bakr cause Fatima
to cry because she was saddened about this

Fabricated lots of hadeeth to

• Famous fabricated hadeeth – quoted lots of time in their book – when Ali wanted to make
Salatul Asr and he was delayed the sun sets, so he told the sun to rise again and he prayed Asr
and then its set – because they claim he is infallible – he cant make any mistake – This is a
fabricated hadeeth
• Narrators of this hadeeth are all liars
• Even the content of it is not good – when sun rises have to pray Fajr – new day
• Another fabricated hadeeth – Faatima made Ghusl before she died leaving a will that her body is
not to be bathe after her death – because she is Fatimah Zahra – Virgin even after she gave birth
to children she is still considered virgin
• Chain of narrators are liars
• Ghusl for dead person is after they are dead – ghusl for person while alive is not ghusl for dead
• Ghusl for dead cannot be done before person dies – even content of hadeeth not sound

3. Praying on any material from earth, or mineral material – so they carry around clump of earth –
Believe that they can only Pray on earth or earth products – so they carry clumps of earth
 • Comes from fabricated hadeeth – it is not allowed to pray on anything other than the
surface of the earth or its products

Abul Abbaas
• Later on – Abbassid caliphate – Abul Abbaas – he was the founder of the Abbasid caliphate –
known as As Saffa – the blood lettered as he had massacred the Ummayad – the royal family
• He gave a speech and one of the descendants of Ali got up and said “I am one of the Ali
descendants Help me against those who have wronged me”
• Abul Abbaas asked him - how did they wronged you? He said I am one of Ali’s grandchildren
and the one who wronged me is Abu Bakr when he took away the Fadak from Fatimah
• Who took charge after Abu Bakr – Umar and did he continue to do the same thing? Yes
• Who took charge after Umar – Uthman and did he do the same thing? Yes
• And after Uthman who took charge – Ali and he also did the same thing
• In fact Ali when asked about is matter – praised Abu Bakr for doing what he did and to stand
firm behind the instructions of the prophet.

Other groups of Shia

• Zaydees-from Yemen, beliefs not far from Sunni Muslims
• Other major groups – Ismaeelis, Bohras, Assasins, 7ers, Karaamita – under a general heading of
the "Baatiniyyah"- insiders/inner – Idea that everything has a inner (got by special channels,
enlightenment-Imaams) & outer aspect (understood by the ignorant masses)

Zaydees – minor group

• Zaydees-ideas/descendants come from Zaid ibn Ali,
• Zayd ibn Ali refusal to condemn Abu Bakr and Umar as caliph – formation of Zaydee sect
• He had tried to topple the Umayyad caliphate.
• 1st to lead an armed rebellion against Umayyads after Karbala, but was killed.
• His descendant/followers of Ali took over leadership, Al-Hasan ibn Zayd,
• Al-Hasan ibn Zayd later established a state for the Zaydees, 9th CE, south of Caspian Sea.
• Continued till the 12 century
• Another Zaydee figure – Al Qaasim Ar Rasee Tabtabaee –
• A grandson of Al Qaasim Ar Rasee established a Zaydite state in Yemen, until today.
• Many Yemenites from the Zaydee School.
• Imam as-Shawkaanee, famous scholar esp in Hadeeth, was originally a Zaydee, but later became
a Sunni - changed his ideas from his study.

Zaydites & Shias share some common factors like:

1. In the Adhaan-they have "Hayya ala Khayril A'maal", which was not added during Prophet/or
time of righteous caliph time. Added later
2. Cannot eat the meat killed by non-Muslims (Christians/Jews)
3. Prohibit marriage to Christians/Jews, based on some verses where they are described as
disbelievers.

Zaydees belief con’t

• But they don’t permit Mut'aa/temporary marriage permitted by the Shiites
• Their Fiqh is very similar to the Hanafi School.
• They recognize the 1st 3 caliphs as legitimate – don’t claim the caliphate was stolen, even
though they preferred Ali...so don’t declare the Sahaba as apostates.
• Preferred Ali as caliph but feel if the masses decide otherwise they accepted that
 • So, the Zaydees are almost like the mainstream Muslims, with a few minor differences.

Main difference between Shiism & Sunnis – Imaamate

• Shiites- origin-Iraq, but now dominate Iran.
• Till 16th CE, Iran was part of the Sunni's mainstream state. Later became Shiite. How?
• Ibn Maja, Abu Dawood these leading sunni scholars are from Iran
• Up to 16th Century Iran was Sunni

Safawwids - 16thCE-
• Dynasty set up by Safawids Claimed that they were descendants of the 7th Imam Musa Al Kazim
• Shaw Ismael - leader declared Shiism to be the state religion of Persia, when they were a tiny
minority; majority of people were sunni - forced upon ppl.
• Give formal orders to Imam of Azerbaijan to give Kutbah of Jumah in the name of the 12 imams
• Muazzaims to include in the Azan that Ali is the friend of God and also became part of their
shahadah
• Troops were sent across the country to put to death anyone who objected
• Shiism was forced on the people
• Now sunni of Persia is only about 35 % now

Shia
• Main issue is that of the Immamate – Sahaba disbelievers, caliphate stolen from Ali
• Concept of Imaamate – a pillar of the Shiite faith.
• Qualities of Allah given to Imams and they have been elevated, infallibility, absolute knowledge
• Imams given divine qualities & an intermediary between man and Allah
• We don’t deny the descendants of Ali to be Imaams, what we deny is their giving the qualities of
Allah to be the Imams.
Mirza Hussain ibn…Muhammad At Tabbarsee – wrote a book called “A decisive statement concerning
proof of the alteration of the Lord’s book.” – wrote in 1865
• Compiled in it many text saying that the Quran is incomplete
• Mushaf Fatimah – Fatimite Quran in which no verse of the current Quran is found yet it is 500
times the size of our Quran
• This is the belief of the leading scholars of Shia
• At Tabbarsee – considered one of their major scholars. Wrote many of their classical books

Consequence
• Last imam had 4 deputies to convey wishes – when the 4th died he said the affairs is with God
• No evidence that Muhammad al Askaree had a son
• With death of 4th deputy - no body to lead Salah
• Made it a condition that Salatul Jumah and other congregation salaah had to be led by one who
is masoud (free from error)
• So the stopped praying in Jamah
• At time of Kuymeenee – Prayer in Jamah was reinstituted based on principle called the rule of
the legist / jurist
• Practicising Takeeya for Shiites (pretend to be other that what you are) – they attribute to the
imams the statement that “one who does not practice takeeya is not from us” – made it a
religious principle
Live session

They ignore/exclude the descendants of Hasan, while taking all the descendants of Husayn.
Coz Hasan stepped down from the caliphate & gave it to Muawiyah. They r not very pleased by Hasan in
the 1st place.
They also practice Bada'-Something which is hidden and becomes apparent. New knowledge. Wrong coz
it cannot apply to Allah. Allah cannot think and change His mind, coz it would imply ignorance.

Ruj'aa-return

Al Kaafee-by al-kulaynee (Usool ul kafee). Aqd book.

bihaar ul anwaar- by al-majlisee, later scholar, most comprehensive of Shiite book
These books r narrations attributed to their Imaams.
Some authors may be made up. Not like our scholar.

We say they are out of Islam, but do not apply to each and every person. They may not even know. So,
be careful. So, the verdict of kufr can be evaded by ignorance, living in far off places...

Whatever Jaafaris attribute to Jaafar as Saadiq (4th or 5th Imam)-is mostly false.
Jaafar as Saadiq & aLi ibn Jaafar-famous Sunni schoalrs
Later ones-Askaree or bit before-we simply dont know about them, and it cannot be said that they were
guilty of any innovation.
Askaree-is imaginary.
what is the recommended way of living and dealing with shias?- Knowledge. If doesnt have enough
knowledge, shift to Ahlus Sunnah area, coz he needs to be very strong to live among them. He needs
knowledge to do daa'wah to them.
Daawah needs knowledge. without knowledge-cannot do da'wah.

Module 6 - Shi’ite Theology: Imamology Part One - the Imamate basic concepts.
The Shi’ite Creed, pp. 11-45

Imaamology/Imaamate – Difference between Sunni and Shiite

• The major basic difference between Sunni and Shiite
• There is only one Islam – Shiite is not Islam
• True Islam is Sunni-Orientalists & Shias make this distinction.
• Only true Islam-verse- Allah revealed - Today I have completed my religion and pleased with
Islam as your religion...so nothing after that can be true.
• Much of Shiite beliefs and practices came about much later
• Even Shiite scholars say Imaamate is main difference between us & them. Eg.Ayatollah Kashif
al Ghata

Belief in Immamate
• Essential message of prophet was not that there is only one god
• The main message that we believe in one God and so do the Shiites-is not correct, coz it's not
only us who believe in 1 God, but even Jews, Christians , and even Hindus, despite having many
gods, their basic belief is only 1 god.
• Essential belief/message – there is only 1 God who is UNIQUE in His attributes, powers,
oneness... and we worship Him uniquely.
• Islam clarified the unique oneness of Allah.
• Al Ahad – the uniqueness characteristic of Allah-distinguishes Islam from other religions.
• Imaamate-violates the fundamental of the uniqueness of Allah
Origin of Imaamate – Shiite belief
• When Prophet died – the leadership of Muslims had to be decided.
• The main body of Muslims considered that the Caliph was one who would be chosen amongst
them – chosen by consensus or appointed by previous caliph
• Shiites – the succession of Prophet was like prophethood
• The Prophets were appointed by Allah and the leaders after the Prophet has to be appointed by
Allah through the existing Imaam
• Shiites-Imam's r also appointed by Allah, thru the existing Imam. They say-Prophet saw
appointed Ali before dying, and then Ali appointed Hasan....so on.....
• Ayatollah Kashif al Ghata..-Imam has to perform the same functions as performed by the
Prophet – so cannot be chosen.
• According to 12thers Allah keeps the world functioning with a Prophet. It is inconceivable for
the world to function without an imam

Shiite Belief
Ayatollah Kashif al Ghata states:
• Shiite beliefs in Immamate as 5th fundamental of Islam - Usool ad deen- fundamental –
Imaamate
• The Shi‘ah believe that Imamate like Prophet hood is a sort of Divine office

Muhammad Rida al-Muzaffar in his book, The Faith of Shi ‘a Islam, explained the Doctrine of the
Imamate
• “We believe that the Imamate is one of the fundamentals of Islam (usul ad-din), and that man’s
faith can never be complete without belief in it…”
• We believe that, just as it is necessary for Allah to send someone as a prophet, so it is also
necessary for Him to appoint an Imam. It is necessary that at all times there should be an Imam to
represent the prophet, and that he should perform the duties of the prophet,
• Imaamate - a continuation of Prophrthood-so ppl can’t choose Imams, as only Allah can give
Prophethood. Imam appoints his successor.
• He who dies without knowing the imaam of his time it is as if he dies in Jahileeya – statement
attributed to one of the imaams
• Impossible for there to be a time without an imam appointed by Allah (divine appointment)
• Any1 denying Imaamate/Walaayah is a disbeliever'
• Walayah  Ali – Walee ulllah, Prophet is Nabiullah

Allamah Murtaza Mutahhery

• Islam based on 5 things-Salah, zakah, sawm, Hajj, and Walayah. Most imp of these-Walayah.
• So, if we deny Walayah, it's like denying one of our 5 pillars-result-disbeliever. They removed
Shahadah & added Walayah.
• State of being a wali is called walayah
They say, the Prophet was told by Allah to appoint Ali as his successor-fabricated narrations.

Kulainnee-like the Bukhari of Shiites- book compiled in minor occultation of 12th Imam-shown and
approved by him  means it have special status
• “The Wilaayah is the most virtuous,

Imaam Ja‘far as-Saadiq said, “The three indispensible supports of Islaam are the Salaah, Zakaah and
Wilaayah. None of them is valid by itself without the support of the remaining two.

He who recognizes us is a believer, and he who denies us is a disbeliever (kaafir).

Modern Shiite writers try to cover this up, abt Wilaayah, etv. But the scholars-they insist on it.

The Necessity of Recognizing the Imaam

Their claim:
• Sixth Imaam, Ja‘far as-Saadiq quoted ‘Alee as saying: .. Allaah does not cause a prophet to die
until he has ordered him to appoint a successor, someone from his close family, and He ordered
me to appoint a successor. And so I asked Him: ‘Who? O Lord.’ And He replied: ‘Appoint your
cousin ‘Alee, the son of Aboo Taalib… the successorship of ‘Alee, the son of Aboo Taalib -
Fabricated hadeeth
• Shi‘ite scholar Ibn Baabooyahone – he who has recognized the Imaams, but does not recognize
the Imaam of his age, a not a believer (mu’min)” He is a Muslim only and Muslims do not go to
Jannah only Mumim goes to Jannah and to be a Mu’mim you have to believe in Imaams
• “He who dies not knowing his Imaam dies the death of Jaahileeyah it is necessary for the
believer to recognize the living Imaam of his age
• He who denies any one of you, has denied me – Claim that the Prophet told Ali this

A key factor distinction between faith & disbelief in the ultimate sense –
• Islam – Muslim – saying Shahadah, Imaan - Mu'min – belief in Imaamate
• So, for them – we fall under Muslim – cannot get jannah because only Mu’min goes to Jannah

In their Usool al Kaafee by Kulainnee (which is like their Bukhari)

Other stuff-Friday night-all the souls of the dead Prophets & Imams are lifted...do tawaf of Holy
Throne..... Sort of like Sufi beliefs on Thursday nights-their saints meet in 3rd heaven...
(Our scholar’s say-Sufism is a product of Shiism, coz they have many similarities.)
Importance of Visiting the Grave according to Shiite belief
• Since Imams given so much importance – visiting their graves also massive rituals (similar to
Sufis visiting graves, mausoleums – like loads of ppl going to Ajmeer, etc-though not in their
classical books, but mostly as folk tales).
• Shiites-it's in their classical books about visiting the graves
• Jafar quoted as saying  visiting the grave of Husayn=100 accepted Hajj's & 100 Umrahs.
• Another narration-Heaven is reward for visiting Husayn's grave.
• The whole body of Shiites - most of them - believe in this and do this. (At least in Sunnis-only the
Sufis do this.)
• Like how Hajj is for us, visiting graves is for them.

Prostration on Clay
• Best thing to prostrate on-earth (not supposed to prostrate on materials not from the earth)
• Clay tablets called Khaki Shifa, Muhur, turbat, sajdaga...

The Imaams page 26

• A lot of stuff made up about their essence, linking them directly to Allah
• Prophet's family was created in a mystical dimension...b4 all creation....light of all creation
• All creation created from Prophet & Ali's light...
• “Allaah created ‘Alee and me from one light before the creation of Aadam then He split (the
light) into two halves. He then created (all) things from my light and ‘Ali’s light” Bihaar ul
Anwaar, by Majlisi

Shiite hadith books-

• Usool ul kaafee, by Kulainnee -like Saheeh Bukhari for us
 • Bihaar ul Anwaar, by Majlisi-like Saheeh Muslim for us

Imaams - Divine
• Ali, Prophet (saw), - all supposedly created b4 the rest of the creation.
• The Imams r like a part of Allah, coz they claim that they are the word of Allah, and it is a part of
Allah (word of Allah is uncreated)
• The word of Allah they claim is light and that is what the imams are from that light of Allah
• Implying that Imams r divine, for them - though they don’t say that openly.

Birth of Imaams
• “We, the trustees of the prophets, are not conceived in our mothers’ wombs but in their sides.
We are not born from our mothers’ wombs but from their thighs. We are the light of Allaah, so
we are kept away from impurity.”
Birth of Ali (page 30)
• Many stories about the Imaams, Fatima, Ali... & their divine births, childhood...unbelievable
stuff-in their own books...see video –
• From Book called Faatima – Lady of light
• “The greatest tie between myself and Ali is this: he and I have been created from the same
essence and both of us prayed on the right hand of the Throne of the Almighty before anything
else was created in this world.”
• Prophet went to see Ali on the day of his birth, Ali saluted him and started reciting the Holy
Quran, although it had not till then been revealed
• All these are stuff from their text – not from our source

Claims to Special Knowledge – Jifr (page 32)

• The Imaams claims to special knowledge-Jifr
• Imaams rely on other Sources besides Quran and Sunnah-
In Usool al Kafee the Saheefah/page, Cipher – Jifr, the collection, Mushaf Fatima
• “We have the Cipher. Do they know what the Cipher is? I said, “What is the Cipher” “He said, “A
pot of skin; in it there is the knowledge of Prophets and Vicegerents, the knowledge of the
savants and the Israelis of the past” He then said, “And we have the Mushaf of Fatima (). Do
they Know what Mushaf Fatima (S.) is? It contains three times as much as is contained in your
Mushaf (the Koran). In it there is not one letter of your Koran.”

• Though it is in their classical books, if u ask the Sheeite scholars, they will say no, it's just a
legend, made up and make excuses, not authentic....but it's actually from their most important,
"authentic" books of theirs – approved by their hidden imam – Imaam al Mahdi

Other claims – Imaam in previous books and helped by Ruh

• Another claim-Imaamate mentioned in the Isrelite books...12 tribes...
• Imams are helped by the holy spirit/Ruh ul Qudus, what aided Prophet Isa.

Imaamate and Prophethood

Differences: - Tabatabee Difference between Prophet and Imam-Not necessary for Prophet's to be there
among ppl, but it is necessary for Imams to be there...implies Imams above Prophets.
Imaams above Prophets
• Ayatollah Khomenei-his book called Hukuma al Islameeya - essential belief of Shiites that no one
can attain the spiritual status of Imaams, not even closest angels or Prophets!!!
 • Another classic - Hayat ul Quloob by Baaqir al Majlisee -'Rank of Imaams is above Prophethood
and messengership - Nubuwwah and Risaalah
• Kulainnee in Usool al Kafee – Imams above Moses and Khidr. Moses and Khidr told what
happened in history, but Imaams will tell future till doomsday...
o “If I had been between Moses and Al Khadr, I should have told them that I am better informed
than they, and should have told them what they did not own in their hands That it because
Moses and Al Khadr (S.) were given knowledge of what had taken place before, but not what
would take place now and till Doomsday
• Ni'matullah al Jazairee – difference of opinion of scholars in these matters, but later scholar’s
position correct – that Imams above Prophets.
The Knowledge of the Imaams is Greater than that of the Prophets
• Kulainnee – Imams had all the knowledge Prophets had, and more.

Sheeites when going to Madina - spend more time in Al Baqi graveyard where Fatima was buried, than
where Prophet was buried. Focus a lot on graves-and even more on Fatima, than Prophet saw.

12th Imaam – present all the time

12th Imam e Zaman – minor occultation - had 4 deputies who contacted him.
Major occultation (al ghaibuba al kubra) – no contact with any1.

• Ali Sheriati – one of their popular writers (like Mawdudi or Syed Qutb for us)-talking abt the last
Imam e Zaman –
• That he's neither invisible or absent from the world, can be seen but cannot be recognized.
• He is Present in the world all the time - coz if he wasn’t, world would fall apart / stop.

• Imams communicated with Allah, received revelation

• Ali conversed with Allah on many occasions, but Prophet saw only on Me'raaj
• Claim Wahy – for them is not like the wahy of Prophets, but like the Wahy of Maryam, Musa's
mother and the bee-mentioned in Quran.
• No disagreement on the issue that the Imaams received Ilhaam from Allah – Allah guides them
directly
• The Imaams meet the souls of the dead

--
They do believe in Allah, Prophets, angels, destiny, Qiyamah...but don’t narrate the 5 pillars of Islam-our
hadeeth, coz it's narrated by Umar. So they changed theirs a bit-they don’t deny Shahadah and other
pillars though.
They add to their shahada that Ali is the waliullah
--
See book-Shiite creed.
Where do they get their hadeeth from?
• Some of their hadeeth is the same as ours but they don’t narrate it from the Sahaba but through
the imams (they declared the sahaba as apostate)
• But they have another set of fabricated hadeeth that they used to elevate the imams to the
status of divinity

Differences between Sunni and Sheea – Live Session April 6, 2012

Module 7 -Shi’ite Theology: Imamology Part Two: Deification of the twelve Imams.

Imaamate and Tawheed

Attributes of Allah which were given to Imams - mentioned in their own books. (page 46)

Attributes-
1. Attributes: First (Awal), Last (Akhir), Manifest (Dhahir) & Hidden (Batin) – attributed to Ali saying the
same about himself – Book 'Khutbah at-Tootunjiyya.

2. Infallibility. Our beliefs - all humans make mistakes. Shiites-Imams are infallible. Cannot make any
mistakes.
• Ibn Babaway- (Ash Shaykh as Sadooq) - the truthful Sheikh-Shiite scholar- the angels, prophets,
apostles, Imams are infallible (Ma'soom). Pure from all defilements and commit no sin -
minor/major. Do not disobey Allah in anything. Whoever denies their infallibility is a disbeliever.
• Doctrine of infallibility of Imam-Muzaffar like Prophets, Imams are infallible... form birth to
death, intentionally/unintentionally.
• Maulana syed Rizvi - Elements of Islamic Studies – Imam should be infallible in his thoughts,
words and deeds.
• "Al meezaan..."-Tabatabaee – Imam must be sinless – protected from sin ma’soom
• Translate the word Aimmah – for their Imaams – but aimmah actually refers to earlier Prophets
in this verse but they use that as proof for the infallibility of their imams Surah 31 vs. 73
• Usool al Kaafee

3. Knowledge. Allah's knowledge is complete (surah An Anam vs.89; 2:282). Ours is minute.
• Shiites – Imams knowledge is perfect and complete – comes directly from Allah, though
Prophets comes thru revelation like from Jibreel etc. So Imams knowledge – intrinsic knowledge,
coz they r themselves like a part of Allah- previous module-the word of Allah which became light
and this light passed thru the Imams.
• Muzaffar in "Faith of Shia Islam"- By this the Imam is able to understand info about anything,
anywhere and at anytime. Understands form his divinely given powers once, without reasoning
or form a teacher.
• Kulainee in Kaafee - Imam Jaafar as Sadiq (referred to Abu Abdillah)- The Imams know when
they are to die, and they die when they choose - opposite of what Allah says.
• Imam can say whether a person is a believer/hypocrite by just looking at him.
• Musa and Khidr- only granted knowledge of past. Jaafarknowledge of past & future.
• Complete knowledge that is unique to Allah only, they attribute it to the Imaams
4. Imams are Omnipotent. Our belief – Muslims r weak and don’t have power over all things. Only
Allah is Omnipotent. According to Shiet creed Imaams is omnipotent
• Clearly stated in Khomenei's book-The Islamic govt.-...all of the atoms of the universe humble
themselves before the holder of authority (Imams).
• Kulainee-quoting Jaafar-this world and the next r owned by the Imams, who may place it
anywhere he likes and grant it to any1 he chooses – Wilaayatatkweeneeyyah – Wilaayat of
control.
• Allah has power over everything—they are claiming that for the imaams
• Professor Murtada (student of Khomenei) Khomenei admits that such a belief of elevating
Imams to demi-gods is wrong but this is what is taught - difficult for many modernist Shias to
accept and seem to go against the basic principles of Islam & so they reject it, sort of like the
modernists who reject the teachings of mainstream Islam. So, in Sheeite scholar’s views, these
"sheeite modernists" have deviated (those who made the claim that wilaya is giving humans
qualities of God have deviated but this is exactly what wilaaya is).
• Also, the give this power to Prophets and saints – who have a special power and can do with
the universe what he likes - similar to sufism. Close links between Sufism and Shiaism.
• Fathullah - Supernatural Wilaaya - Wilaayat at Takweeni(Control) – the Imams by willing a thing,
brings that thing into existence, control of atoms of the universe – clear contradiction to Allah’s
powers. (pg 57 - 60 in text)
• Allama Tabatabaee - Imams directs man's spiritual life and action towards God.
• “In the Holy Qur’an two types of Walayat have been mentioned for Allah.
o (1) Walayat of creation (Walayat-i-Takvini) whereby He controls the system of the
universe and does whatever He intends. (2:253, 12:101, 42:9)
o (2) Walayat of enacting laws and of that which ensures prosperity of the human society.
(2:257, 3:68)
5. All creation is in need of Allah - our belief. Sheeites- All creation needs Imaams.
• Existence of the Imams is necessary for world to continue. Otherwise, it would fall apart. That's
why 12th Imam is in occultation, if he died, world would not exist.
• Muhammad al Baaqir 5th Imam "said"- An Imam is always present since the death of Adam to
guide the people to Allah. The earth would not remain without an Imaam
• Jafaar as Sadiq - If only 2 men remained on earth, 1 wud be an Imam – Hujjutallah

Summary
1. Attributes: First (Awal), Last (Akhir), Manifest (Dhahir) & Hidden (Batin) – attributed to Ali
2. Infallibility
3. Knowledge – knows the past and future.
4. Imams are Omnipotent – controls everything
5. Sheeites- All creation needs Imaams

Imaamate and ‘Ibaadah

Consequence of giving these Imaams these attributes (control, knowledge, infallibility)
• As a consequence of giving all these attributes to Imams and elevated them to such levels-
becomes natural to worship them. Like Jesus.
• Imams are worshipped and Allah is also worshipped thru them, so both happening.
• So, in Shiite belief-the Imams deserve human worship, whereas in our belief only Allah does.

Ali Sheriati to Shiites-(like Hasan al Banna & Mawdudi to sunnis)-

• Broke away from traditional thoughts, studied in western universities
 • Tried to make religion relevant to modern shiites, so popular among them.
• He's like a precursor to Khomeini.
• Many Shiite ideas still so infused in him that he blurts out many outlandish stuff.
• In his Book- Sociology of Islam:
o Admits that they are worshipping their Imaam
o Trying to say worship the Imams but there is a higher goal to achieve to
In one of their book called Mafatee al Jinaan – the keys to Paradise
o Who prays on your behalf – dua directed to Faatima
o Part of their dua “Therefore, we beg you (now that we believe) to make us join both of
them so that we may rejoice at being purified for following you,”
o Shiites even direct their duas to Fatima, and beg her.
Muhammad ibn Babuyah - Dua e Tawassul (intercession)
• Calls on the various Imams for intercession/Tawassul with Allah
• “Oh thou who hast standing with God! Intercede for us with God!” …We turn to thee, ask thy
intercession, and seek access through thee to God…”
Sheriati in a book Martyrdom - Arise and Bear Witness –
• Calls on Zaynab, daughter of Ali.
• So, not uncommon for them to direct prayers to Imams, family members of Ali like the Catholic
Christians do for their saints.
• So, lot of their beliefs quite similar to Christians.

All the quotes are from the Shiites own books.

So, main diff. between sunnis and Shias - Imaamate. Their main pillar-if 1 doesnt believe in Imaamate,
then not a Mu'min (though Muslim)---in end going to hell & like disbelievers.

Majority/Mainstram Shiites-12ers-mainly in Iran & Iraq

---
So, the differences between us & shiis are like between 2 diff religions-both contradictory
• violate Allahs attributes
• accuse Quran of corruption
• insult & curse the Sahbah

When we judge a religion by looking at the majority scholars & founders opinions-not the ppl, who could
be quite far off—

Main Issue with Shia / Twelvethers (From module 8 video)

• Main issue is that of Imamate and concept of Immamate
• Certain attributes of Allah given to other than Allah
• Imam became intermediary between human beings and Allah
• Prayers directly to the imams or through the Imams to Allah– even specify certain days of the
weeks to call on the imams and certain hours of the day to call on some of the imams
• Worship of Imam is part of the religious system

Module 8 - Twelver Shi’ite Sects: Usulis, Ahkbaris and Shaikhis. Ismailism: History
and sects: Nizaris (Agha Khanis) and Musta’lians (Bohoras)

Major sects which broke from Shiites - Baatiniyyah

Main concept-
• Things have outer & inner meaning. Even Sufis do this.
• Replace outer religious obligations with esoteric/hidden meanings taught by Imams or hidden
sources. Eg– interpret the following to have their own meaning:
o Janaaba (due to sex) – means premature revelation of secrets to one who has not
responded to their call.
o Ghusl-renewal of one’s covenant if revealed the sect's secret.
o Zina-casting a drop of inner knowledge into a soul who hasn’t taken their oath
o Siyam-Abstinence from the revealing the secrets of the group
o Kaabah-Prophet saw.
o Door-Ali....many more crazy inner meanings.
o Flood of Prophet – flood of knowledge which flood those who adhere to doubtful ideas
o Ark – an amulet which protects one from who respond to the call
• They do this so that it cancel out the true outer meaning
• Even 12ers do it a bit (2 seas come together they say it is Ali and Faatima; what comes out of it
are the pearl and coral they say it is Hassan and Husain)
• Baatinees are waaay out- they do away with prayer - cancel out almost every major obligation.
• Aga Khanis don’t have masjid-have a "Jamaat Khana". Prostrate b4 pics of Aga Khan-he was the
manifestation of Allah
• Aga Khanis recite certain things from writings of their imaaams (not from Quran) prostrate
before his picture believing that he was the manifestation of Allah.
• So, Batineeyyah, Ismailis, Aga Khanis....can’t even be called Muslims.
• 12ers are ok- differences, but majority accept they're Muslims.

Hijazis School – stood with the narration / hadeeth – not using that much interpretation
Iraqis school – sought out reason behind different hadeeth and try to apply the principles more than the
people of the Hijazi

Usooli
• 12ers had 2 sects - Usoolis & Akhbaris-(like our Iraqis & Hijazis).
• Majority Shiites now follow Usooli madhhab.
• Usoolis-limited using opinion, use narrations mainly.
• Usooli - Believe that it is possible to make new interpretations of the law. Before everything
was depended upon the imams
• Developed living authorities call them Marja at Takleed (exemplars for immolation) or Mujtahid
• Usooli Shiites were either Muqallid followers or Marja at takleed followers
• Imams got certain powers – demand the zakaat (Khumous) to be paid to the scholars as a means
Because they were continuing the works of the imams – general rep. for the imams – get lots of
wealth – became powerful – called themselves Hujjatul Islam then Ayotullah (sign of Allah)
priestly cast which are very rich – Dominate the political scene in Iran

Akhbaris
• Akhbaris – their hadeeth don’t go back to the prophet - they do through the imams not through
the sahabas
• Driven out of Najaf and karbala by the Usooli Mulla Wahidan… and made Takfeer of them
• Akhbaris like our Ahl al Hadeeth, and driven out by Usoolis in Persia
• Akhbaris in India, Bahrain, south Iraq, and very few in parts of Iran
• Akhbaris like our Ahl al Hadeeth, and driven out by Usoolis in Persia
 • Limited the use of opinion – apply what is there
Ahmad ibn Zain ud deen Al …
• Claim to be rep. – call himself the Baab (door for the hidden Imaams)
• Arrested – main body of Shiites don’t accept this
• Branded a heretic and Executed
• His followers promote idea of special representatives – the biggest one Mirza Ali Muhammad
Ash Asheerazee – claim that he was the door himself to the hidden imams and also tried and
executed.
• From his (Mirza Ali…) followers the Bahai sect came

5th Imam - Muhammad ibn Ali al Baaqir - His brother Zaid ibn Ali, (Zainul abdieen) was killed, and was
recognized as 5th Imam- the Zaydees.

ISMAEELIS Belief
Origin of Ismaeeli
• 7th Imam-Musa ibn Jaafar al Kaazim (also scholar like father),
• Son of Jaaafar as Sadiq-scholar-teacher of Abu Hanifa & Imam Malik ibn Anas.
• Ismaeel ibn Jaafar was 1st designated, but died (760), so changed to Musa (also a scholar)
• Change was made because he died before his father (765)-some say.
• Others say-Jaafar changed Ismail coz he was an alcoholic.
• Father died 765 (successor dies before imam) – so it is like an error
• Develop a philosophy called Bada’a
• Bada’a – Allah change His opinion (from Ismaeel to Musa)
• Followers of Ismaeel say-(imams can do no wrong according to them) the alcohol he drank
didn’t affect him, not worldly alcohol.....Sufi Pirs do similar stuff, commit major sins & justify it
thru many ways.
• For 12ers-son of Musa-Rida continues the line.
• Those who stopped at Ismail- split into 2 groups.
• 1 group said Ismail was last Imam, went into occultation & will come back- called the
Waaqifeeyah (page 56) or Sabaeeya (7th).

Ismaeeli split and Faatimid Dynasty in Egypt

• 2nd group accepted Ismail's son & continued the line from him
• this group had to hide coz the Abbasids were there & these ppl
• had many esoteric things & heretical beliefs, so Islamic state was dangerous to them,
• worked in secret & converting ppl secretly.
• God referred to Abyss and from that came the first emanation known as Allah. Allah does not
come from il-lah but from wala which means to lament.
• Wisdom – universal wisdom came from the unknowable god. Wisdom lament leaving the origin
it came from etc. – all heretical beliefs –
• Establish a state in North Africa – Aglabid dynasty (originally sunni and they gain control over it).
• Leader’s descendant Sayed ibn Hussain took over the leader ship of this movement and rename
Imaam Ubaidullah al Mahdi.
• They grab control of Egypt and called it Faatimid (trace back to 7th imam Ismaeel).
• Azhar university set up by them –
• Began the celebration of the Prophet’s birthday in this dynasty
• AlHakim be Amrillah (6th of Faatim caliph) died – Ismaeel missionary named Addarsee claim
when this 6th Faatim caliph died he did not die but he will come back  new sect born called
Hakeemeeya Druze
 • Split of Ismaeeli - 8th Caliph - son of Al Hakim (6th) – Al Mustansir – died - eldest son Nizar was
supposed to take over as Caliph but his bro Al Mustaali took over put his bro in jail and he died
in jail
• Ismaeelia split into two – Nizarees and Mustallians (footnotes of Devil deception)

Al Hasan As Saba – supported Nizar (Nizarees)

• He went back in area of Sham and promoted Nizaree branch
• Set up movements known as the Assasins
• Captured a mountain
• Followers would smoke up hashih before they go out and do their assassinations
• The crusaders give them the title Assasins from Hashasheen (those who smoke Hashih)
• Aga Khan comes from this group later on.
Mustallians  Bohars
• When Faatimid dynasty overthrown -Shifted to Yemen and then to India
• Set up religious center in Gujurat in earl y 17th century and came to be known as the Bohars
• Have secret teachings  have to reach certain age before can read some of their books – very
secretive

Bohars and Aga Khanis are both existing groups

Assassins don’t exist today – except few in Syria has some descendants

Nusairees – another branch of Nizarees

• Other groups Nusairees in Syria – branch of extreme Shiites that Hafiz Asad and son belongs to
• Belief - Ali, and Muhammad saw and Salman al Farsi are trinity as manifestation of Allah
• Also called Allowite

Yazeedees – know as Satan worshippers

• Have dualistic belief like Zoroastrians
• Satan become god – have two gods – god of good and god of evil
• Very closed group – exist today in Northern Iraq

Main existing groups from Ismaeele branch

1. Aga Khanis (comes from Nizarees)
2. Boharas (from Mustallians)
3. Druze (Ismaeele)
4. Nusairees (branch of Nizarees)
5. Yazeedees
• 5 groups evolved from Ismaeeli
• Biggest group Aga Khanis – leader called Prince Kareem Aga Khan (has a post from the UN give big
prizes in medicine, architecture etc. – big figure)
• Don’t hold any mainstream belief of true Islam
• Boharas – pray like Sunni Muslims. Have some additional beliefs – but never join the Jamah
o Men wear a white hat with gold
o Women wear a khimar with a drawstring and loose colorful dress
o Both almost like a uniform
-----
Live session

Baatineeyyah
Hidden meanings.
Change the obligations of the Shareeah-all the sects in this.
Most famous-Ismaeelis-from Ismail-son of Jaafar as Saadiq. But Ismail drunk, so appointed Moosa. Some
ppl didnt accept.

Aga Khanis & Bohras-mostly in India.

Druze-dont claim to be part of Ismailis, but beliefs very similar. Druze not allowed to read their books
until they are 40 years old

Hashshaasheen-a dangerous group-consumed hashih & assasinate Muslims.

Main disputes & divisions-who'll be the next Imam

Hashshasheen-why did they assinate people? ---have many hidden agendas in their origins, don’t show
it outside. politics-fighting over next Imam, but really secret agendas. Actually origins-zoroastrians, and
fire worshippers, so wanted to preserve their relgion, so started fighting Islam, by entering Islam as
hypocrites & destroying it from within.---most secret socities like this-like Freemasonry.

Module 9 - Ismaili Beliefs: Theology, and Ismaili sects: Assassins, Qarmatians, Druze
(The Devil’s Deception, pp. 50-53, Mislamic Sects part one, pp. 24, 27-29)
Review:
• Ismaeeli - 2 main branches - Nizaris & Musta'lians.
• Appeared due to the disagreement of who wud be Imam in the Fatimid Caliphate.
• Nizar was deposed by younger bro Al Musta'li who became caliph.
• Nizar & eldest child imprisoned & died there.
• But ppl in some places like Syria/Jordan continued to support Nizar, so break of the sect.
• Modern Aga Khanis-come form Nizaris.
• Boharas - come from Musta'lians. - 2 split up groups- Dawoodi boharas & Sulaymaani Boharas.
o Those that remained in Yemen-Sulaymaani Boharas – last leader died in 20th century
and new leader is in Bombay – Sulaymaani Boharas in Bombay
o Those who shifted to India - Dawoodi Boharas - in Gujarat – they followed a missionary
called Dawood
• Ismaeelis are way out, even though referred to as Shiites  they are outside of Islam
• Only similarity to Muslims is that they use Prophet's name & Ali, etc....but not Muslims
• Secret teachingsppl r initiated into the sect and go through different stages like the
Masons, from level to level, guided by special missionaries.
• Ismaeelis r an offshoot from the 12ers Shiite history – appeared from 9th century due to
differences of who would be next Imam after Jaafar as Sadiq (6th Imam).
• So Ismailis from 7th Imam
• (5th Imam breakaway-Zaydees)
• Ismaeele movement establish itself in North Africa under Imam Ubaiydullah Mahdi and in Egypt
under Fatimid dynasty (spread their teachings secretly – majority of people of Egypt was Sunni
at that time)
• Fatimids – 2 sects split-7th Fatimid caliph – Nizaris & Musta'lians

Formation of Druze:
• Split of 6th Fatimid caliph-Al Hakim Bi Amrillah..
 • When Al Hakim died Ad Darzee (an Ishameele daee) claimed he didn’t die. New sect formed –
because related to Al Hakim sect called Haakimeeyah
• Darzee - like the sect's founder, an Ismaeeli daee - and now called sect- the Druze
• Dominant in Lebanon – a major religious group, cannot be called Muslims, coz even they
themselves don’t claim to be Muslims.
• Many practices which go against Islam, even in eyes of Shiite belief.
Religious system of Druzes
• Divided into 2 groups  Oqaal (religious – the learned) & Juhaal (ignorant masses)
• Oqaal – take part in the religious meetings held from Thursday to Friday at night in a place called
the Qalwa
• Headed by one amongst them which they elevate to be the most learned individual
• Believe in reincarnation like stuff, - good people reborn as human infants while the wicked
returned in the body of dogs (similar to Hinduism).
• Practice polygamy, permit marriage between bro & sis, but not officially.
• They, Juhaal live all over among the Christians or Muslims  they practice the religion of
whatever community they are involved in until they reach the stage of initiation and can read
the sacred books which is only for males not females
• They believe Haakim Bi Amrillah was the last god incarnate - they worship him, and call him
Our lord. In state of occultation - he would appear one day.
• Druze - a break off from Ismailism, and unassociated in any way with Islam.
• Though we say Ismailis to be non-muslims, they consider themselves to be Muslims. But the
Druze-don’t consider themselves as Muslims, though they originated from Ismailis.

Boharas & Aga Khanis r politically & economically present in small numbers in Muslim world.
Have economic influence coz wealth of the ppl given to the leaders. Leaders become very wealthy,
prominent and dominant individuals in society

Assassins
• Group in Syria Mountains - Assassins
• Headed by Hassan as Sabbah - an Ismailee missionary who defended the Nizaari branch when it
split
• Alamoot, northwest of Qazween - 10,200 feet above sea-level between the shores of the
Caspian Sea and the Persian highlands and orchestrated attacks
• Attacking the Abbasids – opposed Islamic teachings & felt duty to oppose the Abbasids.
Managed it in Egypt & North Africa.
• They set themselves in mountains always... Came in contact with Muslim ruler Malik Shaw –
send missionary to Hassan as Sabbah asking im to submit to Malik Shaw’s rule. Hassan as
Sabbah nodded his head to one of his men who told him to kill himself who did so obediently –
then Hassan told the Malik Shaw messenger than he has over 20,000 as obedient as this.
• Existed for over 200 yrs & promoted their baatinee teachings and esoteric belief & assassinating
the governors who opposed them....Mongols toppled them later.
• Aga Khanis trace their origin back to Assassins
• Assassin from Hashasheen – Crusaders give them the name Assassins
• Continue to Hoolagoo Khan (son of Gengis Khan) – when they submitted to them and were
wiped out

Ismaeeli Beliefs/concepts
• Concept of Universe in cycles – 7 (nautic) speakers/messengers with scriptures...followed by 7
silent messengers with no scriptures.
 • Last messenger/speaker/nautic - Prophet saw, followed by the 7 Imams who interpreted the will
of Allah for human beings
• Imams were higher than the Prophets coz Prophets got wahy from Allah through angel, but they
got directly from Allah.
• Their theology-book written called "Epistles of the brethren of purity" (risail iqwanul safa)
• Group-Brethren of purity (Iqwanul safa) – Ismaeele intellectual who put together their
philosophy on God and the world etc.
• Aimed at creating a Universalist religion which could absorb & accept everything.
• Teachings stress Dual nature of Quranic interpretation-exoteric (external)& esoteric (inner)
External & internal (Jews also agree)
• Secret wisdom-special knowledge-only accessible thru the Imams & spread through their
missionaries, even till now.
• So don’t really use the Quran or Masjid. Have a Jamaat khaana or home of daiee as prayer place
Qarmatians
• Another branch of the Ismaeelis - Karaamita/Qaramaitans.
• Hamdan Qirmit claimed he was the descendant or spokesman for the hidden descendant of
Ismail...
• Establish themselves in Bahrain, al Ahsa eastern Arabia
• Worse than Assassins who targeted individuals...these sent raiding parties which attacked &
plundered towns, just like a group of criminals.
• Abu Tahir went as far as attacking the Ka'aba-broke the door, took away the black stone and
kept it there for almost 23 yrs. They massacred the Hajj pilgrims & threw their bodies into
Zamzam
• The black stone remained in Al Ahsa until the Fatimid caliph Al Mansoor ordered them to return
it to Makkah.
• Today-no descendant of Qaraamita...and absorbed into the Aga Khanis, since both from Nizaris.
• Existed up till about 100 years ago when they accepted the leadership of Aga Khanis
• In Syria and Iraq

More small minor sects, which came & disappeared quickly-so not imp.
Important to know
1. Understand how the Ismailis came about from the Sheeites, what stage, why etc. (7th Imam, about
Musa, and Ismaeeli and why his appointed taken away and give to Musa (died before the Imam or
was a drunkard)
o No need for names and dates.
o But have to know which Imam they came with, like issue of Moosa, Ismail...why appointment
taken away-intoxicated/died, etc.

2. Also know the Faatimids-claimed to be descendants of the Ismailis.

o Why so many groups under the same lineage? Coz most of them were secretive, promoting
ideas thru secret/unknown Imams...

3. Fatimids-3 main breakaways-

I. Al Haakim bi Amrillah.... deified by da'ee Darzee...so Druze....eventually claimed not to be
Muslims.
II. 8th Fatimid caliph- dies, son deposed-split between Nizar & Must'ali - Nizar dies & Musta'li takes
over as next caliph of Egypt.
o Today Musta'lians called Boharas. 2 groups- Dawoodi Boharas & Sulaymani Boharas.
 o Nizaris- comes 2 branches - both very dangerous havoc creating groups, but disappeared
later-the Assassins & the Qaraamita.
o Aga Khanis. Present now. From Nizaris through the assassins branch. Followers deify
their leaders. They worship him with his pic in front of them daily. Belief that they are
god incarnate on earth
All Aga Khanis are Ismailis, but not vice versa

Druze - don’t associate themselves with any religion or even Islam - taken a bit from many religions-
Islam, Hindu, Judaism, Christians...-so own separate religion. They will follow the religion of the
community they live in -Sunnis, Shias, etc. till much later, when they r allowed to read the books,
women aren’t allowed at all. Outer-Sunni/Shiie to protect themselves in the community. Inner-have
secret meetings when they reach that special class. We-sunnis-cannot eat their meat/marry their
women, coz they cannot be considered Ppl of the book. They’re disbelievers, unless they truly convert
to Islam.
--
Batinees-in public or beginning-wont l now their true teachings, only as u progress in the ranks, u will
know their true teachings.

Module 10 - (Study Questions) Review of the Kharijites, Shi’ites, Zadites, and Ismailites
Khawaarij
• First sect that broke away from Islam
Were there roots of sectarianism before this?
• Roots of sectarianism b4 Khawaarij revolt-
• Abdullah ibn Sabah at time of Ali- Mainly with Shia, but also resulted in Khawaarij.
• Uthmaan's time-revolt against him being- claiming he is unjust-roots of the Khawaarij-
• Revolt against the legitimate ruler-their main pillar-revolting against caliphs if he is in error
• Shiites and Khawaarij share the idea/pillar of justice taken to an extreme.
• As a group of people (sect) the Khawaarij is the first split
• Technically revolt started in Uthmaan's time – leading to his murder – leading to Ali’s caliphate being
challenged - building up time.
• Umar’s assassination was not a product of a movement – it was an individual act - so not the same
as the murder of Uthman. The shiite celebrate it. The person who killed Umar is a name of honor
among the Shiite
• Todays Khawaarij - Bin laden and his following, some groups in Egypt-justify violent revolt against
(elected, appointed) leaders of Muslims, coz of the errors they feel he has committed.
Origin of Khawaarj
• It became a sect-based on political issue or religious issue? - Political issue, cloaked in religious
terminology -"No rule except according to Allah"- but over a political issue. It did not had to do
with anything to do with the belief system
• Initially political
• That political movement developed a political philosophy concerning leadership after the revolt
against Ali, declaring Ali & Muawiyah as disbelievers.
Political Positions
1. Leadership is not restricted to any group-any1 can become the leader
• Their political agenda regarding leadership-against the position of that time Sunnis & even
Shiites- Leadership is not restricted to any group-any1 can become the leader. Sahabas-
Leader must be from Quraysh-hadith. Shia said leaders should be from the family of Ali
(other extreme) Political innovation
• Concept of legitimacy of leadership
 • Both extremes- Khawaarij-any 1 can be leader. Shiia-only from Ali's family. Their political
innovation.
• Times of Ottoman – being descendants of Quraysh to be leader was not held absolutely
• Abbassids - from the family of Abdul Abbaas – were descendants of Quraysh

2. Revolt against a leader who sins is waajib / an obligation.

• Other political position that came out of revolt against Uthman & against Ali later-
• Mainstream Islam against this many hadiths against this.
• Religious principles evolved principle from this for them.

Central religious principle which separates the Khawaarij from mainstream Muslims?
• Takfeer for sin – a person who commits any sin becomes an apostate/disbeliever (Khawaarij-any
sin - major or minor sin. Mutazila-major sin)
• Main body of khawaarij said u can renew Islam & become Muslim, but a sect from them-
• The Azraqis (extreme branch) said-once ur out- finished, can never be Muslim again. So, MUST
execute the person. Isti'raad-making the blood of Muslims halaal(you can kill them), women,
kids, and take their wealth. Sin put you in hell forever – extreme position
• Main stream Islam – for a believer – sin does not make him an eternal habitant of hell (whether
major or minor sin)
• Other extreme - Contrasting position - Opposite-Murjia  sins don’t affect eemaan at all - no
sin can affect / cancel your faith. Position Faith is what is expressed and cannot be harm
o Some Christian sects now – once u accept Jesus u enter Heaven
o Also many common Muslims today. As long as Muslim name, parents Muslim-ur
guaranteed paradise, no matter what.
• Extremes & moderate & Other Extreme- Khawaarij-Sunnis/Mainstream-Murjia.

Assignment Q-Compare and contrast the positions of the Sunni Muslims, Khawarij and Sheeites
regarding political leadership and Takfeer.

--
Sheeites
Origin
• As a political group - at Karbala, killing of Hussain - birth of Shiite as apolitical group, evolving
later into a religious group
• Followers of Ali during the time of Hassan are not the Shiie of today – they were supporters not
a political religious sect (Shia means - partner, helpers, friends, supporters)
• (Abdullah ibn Sabah's role-more ideological/religious-Ali banished him because they claim that
Ali is god incarnate).

What is the common Shiite practice that commemorates their beginning?

• Self flagellation, called "Ta'ziyah".
• Ta'ziyah actually means giving condolences when someone dies, but for Sheeites, different
meaning.
• For Shia – Ta’ziyah means a passion play-a re-enact of the death of Husain...with Muawiyah,
Yazeed...make an float / image of the tomb of Karbala...ppl taking knives, blades, chains
...beating themselves and bleeding...guilt for not being there for Husain a way of penance
(paying for sins by way of torture – a Christian practice)....but of course nothing serious...
• Non-Muslims when showing the worst of Islam show this. But some knowledgeable sheeites say
this isn’t sanctioned, and only the common ppl do this...
 • Kufans – birth place of Shiite

Why are they called Raafida also?

• Coz they rejected Zayd ibn Ali (son of Zainul Abideen), when he didn’t curse Abu Bakr & Umar as
they wanted, the Shiite rejected him and chose his brother.
• Rejecters/Raafida
• Raafidties = rejecters of Zayd ibn Ali who refused to curse Abu Bakr and Umar
• Zayd ibn Ali opposed the belief of the Shites (to curse Abu Bakr and Umar)

Central belief of Sheeites

Political - Leadership should only be from Ali/Alawis – no outsiders
Religious- Imaamate/Wilaayah – this distinguish them from mainstream Islam and from the Khawarij
• Central religious principle that separates the Shites 12thers and others from mainstream
Muslims
What makes their principles of belief in Imaamate different from ours?
Q-If some1 says Sunni Muslims recognize Ali as Imam & so do Sheeites. What makes their principles of
belief in Imaamate different from ours?
A. Deification of the Imam  Given the Imaams the attributes of Allah.
B. So, same as how we respond to the Sufis who have given the same position to their saints.
Shiite, Sufi, Christians-same issues-man given attributes of God-Deviated.
C. Once man given attributes of God  deviant

Main 3 attributes which Shiites give to the Imams-

1. Absolute Knowledge - of anything, anywhere, at anytime. (In Usool ul Kaafee-Kulaynee-
Headings like – the Imams know when they'll die-But hadith clearly contradicts it). Omniscience.
2. Absolute infallibility - they won’t even think to do wrong - whether in thoughts or words or
deeds. (We believe-Prophets infallible in their message, but not in themselves.)
3. Omnipotence- has power over the atoms of the universe. Control. Power. (Mentioned in
Khomenei's "Hukumah Islamiyyah"-Al Wilaayah at Takweeniyyah-in their theology-pg 57 -
assignment-bring evidence from Quran & Sunnah refuting). Whatever the Imam desires will
exist, otherwise not exist. His determination creates an object-cause the creation of things...

Other issues-The Imaams should be worshipped - contradicting Allah-this attribute among above 3.

Pillars of faith of the Sheeites-5 - LEARN THEM from notes.

1. Attributes: First (Awal), Last (Akhir), Manifest (Dhahir) & Hidden (Batin) – attributed to Ali
2. Infallibility Imams are infallible
3. Knowledge Imams knowledge is perfect and complete
4. Imams are Omnipotent - all of the atoms of the universe humble themselves before the holder
of authority (Imams)
5. All creation needs Imaams
---
Those who have their family names as "Alawis"-are they all Sheeites or is it just a name?---Alawis who
worship Ali r worse than Sheeites-they're Baatinees. Alawi was a name given by an Orientalist to the
Batinees who worshipped Ali.
In Aqd-Alawis refrs to Nusyrees. But any descendants of Ali....could be attached to his
name...Nisbah.....they may have nothing to do with Sheeism or Baatineeism.

True sunnah followers-authentic sunnah-not all sunnah.

Also, whose interpretation of the sunnah? -our own, or Sahabas/Salaf's interpretation?
When Prophet saw taught us small things like going to toilet, etc-so if he didnt talk about important
things like Allahs attributes, means we shouldn’t delve into them.....

Every deviant claims to follow the sunnah....we look at the Sahabah & how they followed Prophet's
sunnah

the compilation of the Quran being a good bid'ah: When the compilation was done, it was not part of
the Sunnah, but it benefitted the Ummah, so therefore a matter of the religion, correct?-in alingusitic
sens-bid'ah means something new-so not in the bad meaning of innovation-so taraweeh and
compilation of Quran are both bidah as linguistic bidah??-yes

Live session notes

AQD 202 - Live session notes April 1, 2012 – Module 7
Tawwassul – Bidah
• Not allowed – innovated
• Supplicating to Allah by means of someone else
• Not shirk because still making dua to Allah
Tawwasul – shirk – when asking someone to ask Allah
• The dead will intercede with them
• Direct dua to other than Allah – saying Ya Abdul Kadir al jilani etc. instead of Ya Allah
• Shirk when you are asking someone else – directing it to someone other than Allah
• Sufis ask their saints – Abdul Kadir al Jilani
• Shias ask their Imaam

AQD 202 - Live Session Notes from TA

Concerning the Zaidiyyah

It is said that the Zaidiyyah are the closest of the Shee'ee sects to Ahl-us-Sunnah. However, this ruling
only applies to the original followers of Zaid and the early Zaidiyyah. Later on, many leaders among
them appeared and distorted the group's original teachings until some of the sub-sects became closer to
the Raafidah Imaameeyah!

The Zaidees split up into at least eight sects, but only three of them are famous:

1- the Jaaroodeeyah, who claimed that the Prophet (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) appointed 'Alee
(radiyallaahu 'anhu) as his immediate successor by description, not by name, and that the Companions
deviated and disbelieved by failing to follow him after the Prophet's death!
2- the Sulaimaaneeyah, whose founder, along with some other lesser known Zaidee sects, declared
'Uthmaan (radiyallaahu 'anhu) a disbeliever because of the (false) accusations levelled against him!
3- the Butreeyah, whose founder disowned 'Uthmaan because of the (false) accusations levelled against
him.

Therefore, the first two of the three well known Zaidee sects are in fact Raafidees, not close to Ahl-us-
Sunnah at all. As for their 'aqeedah concerning Tawheed-ul-Asmaa' was-Sifaat and matters of eemaan,
most the later Zaidees in general follow or incline towards the teachings of the Mu'tazilah.

Live Session Notes– Jahmee, Rafidee, Shia

Aqueeda 202 Pre- Midterm Review April 22, 2012

Origin of Kawarij – 3 stages and what is the differences
1. In the prophet’s time
a. Origin of their methodology
b. Question justice of Prophet
2. During Uthman
a. Revolt against the leaders – not as a sect
b. Excommunication of Muslims and sahaba (not sure about this –maybe under #3)
c. Kawarij killed Uthman
3. During Ali
a. Revolt against the leaders
b. Distinct theological group
c. revolt against human arbitration
Which is the remaining sect of the kwarij and where do they rule?
Answer: Ibadeeya and in Oman

Contemporary Ibadeeya and Contemporary Sheea – they are a madhab of a previous sects – not of
original mathab
• Definition of Imaan
• Follow Mutazilite madhab
• Affirm Allah’s name and deny Allah’s attribute
• Don’t call them Muslim but will enter Hell if commit major sin
• Also rationalist falls in this group
• Mutazilite represented by Ibadeeya, Sheea and rationalist group of today

Zaidee – difference between today and original

• Today’s Zaidee are closer to Rafidah - those who renounce the sahaba
 • The original zaidee are closer to Ahlul Sunnah
• Todays Zaidee like the Rafidah - Excommunication of Abu Bakr and Umar and others

Ahlul sunnah books

• Quran and hadeeth (Bukhari)

Sheea Books
• Quran – claim it is incomplete
• Hadeeth books - Al Khafee by Kuleynee and Bihar al Anwar by Majlisee
• Early scholars of Sheea feel these books are authentic
• But today / contemporary scholars may say some hadeeth not authentic

Usool al Khafee – foundation, aqueeda – the first two volumes of Kuleynee – deals with the aqueeda
• Same book – first 2 Usool then 6 are furoor
• Furoor al Khafee – the other 6 books

Imaamate – descendant of who?

Ali, Hassan, Hussain and 9 of the descendants of Hussain

Badaa – Allah change his mind or did not know something and then came to know of it
• Ismaeelia separated from the Ashareeya (about Jafar as Sadiq)
• Ismaeelia choose Ismaeel as their Imam
• Musa was better choice – Ashareeya?
• Followers of Musa invented badaa

12th Imaam – Mohammad ibn hasan al askari

• Ahlul sunnah position of this 12th imam is imaginary or non-existence

The 11 imaams – Ahlull Sunnah position

• Divide in 3 or 4 groups
• Sahabah
• After jafar as sadiq – their narrations are found in the fiqh books, and major books of hadeeth
imam of Ahlul sunnah
• Up to Al Askari – not consider any of the heretical belief has been authentically transmitted and
very little is known (authentically transmitted) about them

Misconception
• Yazid ibn Muawwiya – one behind Hussain killing
• Truth is Yazid wanted
o To stop him and to capture him to prevent major confrontation
o Not to kill him as they did

Deprive Faatima of inheritance – Fadaq

• Prophets do not leave behind dirhams nor dinars – no inheritance – they leave knowledge
• Ali became the Caliph after and he did not over turn this rule
• Takiyah - To hide belief and display what is contrary to belief in order to prevent prosecution
They claim Ali was practicing Takiyah to avoid prosecution – how would you answer to this?
• Takiyah is hypocrisy and cowardice
• Who would prosecute Ali – he is the calipha
Narration in al Kifaya reported that Ali when he heard people were saying derogatory things about Abu
Bakr and Umar – what did Ali do?
• He mention a punishment for this crime
• Quoted in the devil’s deception
• Alee said: “If I hear anyone elevating me above Abu Bakr and umar I shall have him whipped as
punishment for slandering.” Reported by al Khateeb ul Baghdaadee (Al-Kifaaya 2/413) and
graded authentic by Ibn Taymeeyah (Majmoo ul Fataawa) and Al Albaanee and others
• Who is the best of the people after the Messenger of Allah? Alee said Abu Bakr, then Umar. I
feared that he might say Uthmaan after that so I said then you? I am not but a man from the
Muslims – Bukharee in his Saheeh

Live Session 6 Notes

I. Sects fall into following categories

a. Ahlul Kalaam
i. Asharis, Jahmis, Maturidis, Mu’tazilah
b. Shia
i. Imaamiyah, Zaidiyah, etc.
c. Baatiniyyah
i. Ismaailis, Druze, Nusairis, Sufism, Baha’ia, Bohras, etc.
ii. Believe Quran and Sunnah have apparent and hidden meanings
iii. Some said a group of Jewish philosophers, Zoroastrians, etc. got together to ruin
Islam within
1. Created this Baatiniyyah origin
2. Did not want to pay Jizziya
iv. Ismailis
1. Claim to follow Ja’far’s older son Ismail
a. However he died in his own lifetime
i. Ismailis claim an imam is infallible and cannot make
mistake
1. Say he went into hiding and is still alive
2. Parted ways with mainstream shias
a. Eventually went so far that they cannot
be considered shias anymore
ii. Mainstream shias use Badaa’ here to justify the change
in leadership between Ja’far’s sons
1. Implies ignorance to Allah according to Ahlus
Sunnah
2. Main sects
a. Druze, Bohras, Nusairis, Aga Khanis
 i. Druze consider themselves a separate sect from Ismailis
1. But most of their creed is the same according
Ahlus Sunnah
v. Other sects of Baatiniyyah
1. Sabiyyah (Seveners)
a. Believe universe is in cycles
i. Once finishes, it starts over again
b. Also believe universe controlled by seven heavenly bodies
i. Jupiter, Mars, Venus, Sun, Moon, etc.
2. Mubaahiyyah
a. Believe everything is permissible

AQD 202 Live Session Module 4 and 5 – Shi’ite Sects

Notes by Bibi Omeemun Hakh

Ummhajer@gmail.com
April 2012