Q1.

Define the literary theory:

Is the systematic study of principles, tools, methods for analyzing literature.

Q2. Write 3 things literary theory can do:

1. literary theory formulates the relationship between author and work.

2. literary theory helps us to understand the theories which literature is written on.

3. Literary theories trace the history and evolution of the different genres- narrative, dramatic,
lyric.

Q3. Difference between literary theory and literary criticism:

Literary theory is general while Literary Criticism is specific and it is also a practical application
of literary theory.

Q4. Define Literary Criticism:

It is a kind of evaluation and interpretation of literature in which we judge any type of literary
works.

Q5. Write 3 things literary criticism can do:

1. Literary Criticism helps us to understand the relationship between authors' readers and text.

2. It helps us understand the relationship between context and its structure.

3. It critically analyzes the text and helps to estimate its value and quality.

Q6. Write 3 features of Classical Criticism:

1. Gives us a way of thinking by studying.

2. Classical Criticism gives chance to study different points of view in different genres of
literature.

3. The Greek and Roman critics belong to the classical period.

Q7. Summarize briefly what Plato and Aristotle said about art and poetry:
An artist is not creating anything new according to Plato. He says they are only imitating the ideas. He rejected
poetry as it is mimetic in nature and not art. He judges poetry educational standpoint or philosophical and ethical
one. On the contrary, Aristotle says poetry is a piece of art and not a book of teaching. As a piece of art, it is a thing
of Joy, to read it for pleasure and enjoyment, not for moral education.
Q8. Name 3 periods of Medival Criticism:

1. The Dark Ages.

2. Pre-Middle Ages.
3. Middle Ages.

Q9. 3 Features of Medieval Criticism:

1. Classical critics like Plato and Aristotle are still seen in the Middle Ages.

2. It has also preserved the rhetorical tradition of the Classical period.

3. Medieval Criticism discusses Religious or moral texts like the Bible.

Q10. what 2 things were developed during the Renaissance period:

1.Unity of form and content developed making literature a cultural topic.

2. The writers of this age preserved the old literary tradition.

Q11. The 3 features of Literary criticism in the Enlightenment period are:

1. The increase in the literary level of people.

2. Reading became a habit of also the middle-class people.

3. Printing made Literary criticism more popular.

Q12. What are 2 types of romantic criticism? Define each

1.German Romanticism focused on beauty, wit, and humour.

2. Anglophone Romanticism was more serious.

Q13. Definition of New Criticism:

New criticism can be defined as a close reading of text focusing on reader response.

Q14. Definition of Moral Criticism:

Moral Criticism is a type of literary criticism which analyze the importance of literature based
on ethical lessons.
Q15. Features of Objective Criticism:

1.Objective criticism uses the technique of independent investigation of a particular subject.

2. It is free from any personal bias or feelings.

Q16. 2 Features of Formal Criticism:

1. Formalism focuses on close reading, with sensitivity to the words and their various meanings.

2. Formalism emphasize that a literary work contains certain essential features.

Q17. 3 Features of Psychological criticism:

1.It examines the psychology of characters in order to understand the meaning of a literary
work.

2. It focuses on the importance of the unconscious or sub-conscious in human behavior.

3. Psychoanalytic Criticism examines texts as a portrayal of psychological concepts.

Q18. 3 Features of Marxist criticism:

1.According to this criticism there will be always conflict between the upper, middle and lower
classes which will be reflected in literature.

2. This criticism focuses on the representation of class conflict and they use traditional
techniques of literary analysis.

3. There are sympathetic to the working classes and interested to see how the lower or working
classes are exploited in everyday life and in literature.

Q19. Write 3 Features of Reader-Response Criticism:

1.It focuses on the reader and emphasizes how he responds to work and why.

2. It is not concerned with the historical aspect of a literary work.

3. This type of criticism can take different approaches e.g feminist, structuralist, or
psychoanalytic.

Q20. 3 Features of Structuralism type of criticism:

1.The structural type of criticism looks for cultural elements in literature.

2. It believes that linguistic symbols speak more than oral or written meaning.

3. The structuralists believe that human experiences can be seen through linguistic patterns.

Q21. Definition of semiotics:

It is the study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation to understand any linguistic
or non-linguistic object.

Q22. 2 Features of post-structuralism:

1.Post-structuralism is a reaction to structuralism, and it links meaning to culture.

2. The Post Structuralists believe that we should trust the language system to express the truth
as there is no other better way.

Q23. Definition of deconstructionism:

Deconstructionism is a method to break an object and then rebuild it or explain it with more
words in order to understand it in a better way. Hence it removes the imperfections (errors) of
a language.

Q24. Definition of postmodernism

Postmodernism is a type of thought which combines social and economic aspects of art and
culture.

Q25. 2 similarities and 2 dissimilarities between modern and postmodernism:

similarities:

1.Both types reject the fixed limitations of art and culture.

2. Both is an aesthetic movement of the 20th century focusing on beauty elements in art.

Differences:

1.PM breaks away from modernism when it talks about art and culture.

2. PM merges low and high art, past and future, and 2 genres together but modernism rejected
this method.