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700
Carnot Vapor Cycle Using Steam The thermal efficiency of this cycle is given as
600
Wnet Q
500
th , Carnot 1 out
400 6000 kPa Qin Qin
T [C]
300 2 TL
1
100 kPa
3
200
TH
100 1 4
0
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 Note the effect of TH and TL on th, Carnot.
s [kJ/kg-K]
•The larger the TH the larger the th, Carnot
•The smaller the TL the larger the th, Carnot
VAPOR AND COMBINED POWER CYCLES
To increase the thermal efficiency in any power cycle, we try to increase the
maximum temperature at which heat is added.
To resolve the difficulties associated with the Carnot cycle, the Rankine cycle
was devised.
VAPOR AND COMBINED POWER CYCLES
The kinetic and potential energy changes of the steam are usually
small relative to the work and heat transfer terms and are therefore
usually neglected. Then the steady-flow energy equation per unit mass
of steam reduces to
RANKINE CYCLE: THE IDEAL CYCLE
FOR VAPOR POWER CYCLES
Consider a steam power plant that operates on a reheat Rankine cycle and
has a net power output of 80 MW. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine
at 10 MPa and 500°C and the low-pressure turbine at 1 MPa and 500°C.
Steam leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid at a pressure of 10 kPa.
The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 80%, and that of the pump is
95%. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and
determine
(a) the quality (or temperature, if superheated) of the steam at the turbine
exit,
(b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle, and
(c) the mass flow rate of the steam.
THE IDEAL REHEAT RANKINE CYCLE
THE IDEAL REGENERATIVE RANKINE
CYCLE
To improve the cycle thermal efficiency, the average
temperature at which heat is added must be increased.