Transformations and

Isometries
1.How would the figure look like if you flip the figure to the right?

2.How would the image look like if you turn it 90° clockwise?

3.How would the image look like when you slide it 4

units to the left?

New figure Original figure

Transformation

 Transformations are a turn, flip, or slide of any

figure.

When you repeat a drawing of a figure in a plane

for several times, it forms a pattern.

A pattern is described as “repetitions of a motif”

Motif: any non-empty plane set
1. ROTATION

 Turns a figure
about a certain
point in a plane

B  90◦
C  180◦
D  270◦
 2. TRANSLATION

 Slides the plane in any particular direction or distance

Coordinates of A, B, C Coordinates of A’, B’, C’

A (-4, 5) A’ (2, 5)

B (-1, 1) B’ (5, 1)
C (-4, -1) C’ (2, -1)
 3. REFLECTION
 mirrors a plane
over a line

Distances of the points

from the mirror line, x = 4

A – 1 unit Coordinates of A, B, C Coordinates of A’, B’, C’

B – 1 unit
C – 3 units A (3, 5) A’ (5, 5)

B (3, 1) B’ (5, 1)
C (1, 2) C’ (7, 2)
 4. DILATION

 Shrinks or expands a figure

by some scaling factor

 produces an image that is

the same shape as the
original, but is a different
size.
ISOMETRIES

Formed from transformations consisting of

any combinations of the three operations

(translation, reflection, rotation)

Glide Reflection

 Combination of translation and reflection

SYMMETRY
 SYMMETRY
 Mapping the pattern in the plane back onto
itself.
 exact correspondence between different things
Three Broad Categories of Symmetries

1.Rosette Patterns

2.Frieze Patterns

3.Wallpaper Patterns
Rosette Pattern
 Reflections and rotation
Frieze Pattern

 Reflections, rotations;
 Also translations and glide reflections but
only along one line
 Wallpaper Pattern
 Rotations, reflections and glide reflections
 Translations in two linearly independent directions
FRIEZE PATTERNS
 HOP

TRANSLATION
 STEP

TRANSLATION and REFLECTION

(glide reflection)
 SIDLE

TRANSLATION and VERTICAL REFLECTION

 SPINNING HOP

TRANSLATION and ROTATION (by a half-turn)

 SPINNING SIDLE

TRANSLATION, GLIDE REFLECTION and

ROTATION (by a half turn)
 JUMP

TRANSLATION and HORIZONTAL REFLECTION

 SPINNING JUMP
ALL SYMMETRIES

TRANSLATION, HORIZONTAL and VERTICAL

REFLECTION and ROTATION