524  Preceptors' Digest

mv¤úªwZK I Pjgvb NUbv cÖevn : AvšÍR©vwZK welqvewj

 BmivBj-Avwgiv‡Zi g‡a¨ K‚U‣bwZK m¤ú‡K©i ïiæ
16 AvM÷ 2020 †dvb jvBb Pvjyi ga¨ w`‡q mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ I BmivB‡ji g‡a¨ K‚U‣bwZK m¤ú‡K©i hvÎv ïiæ
nq| Gici 18 AvM÷ 2020 AvwgivZ md‡i hvb BmivBwj †Mv‡q›`v ms¯
v †gvmv‡`i cÖavb BDwm †Kv‡nb| GUvB
EaŸ©Zb †Kv‡bv BmivBwj Kg©KZ©vi cÖ_g cÖKvk¨ AvwgivZ mdi| Gi Av‡M 13 AvM÷ 2020 gvwK©b †cÖwm‡W›U †Wvbvì
Uªv¤ú, BmivBj I mshy³ Avie Avwgiv‡Zi g‡a¨ K‚U‣bwZK m¤úK© ¯
vc‡bi †NvlYv †`q| Z…Zxq Avie †`k wn‡m‡e mshy³
Avie AvwgivZ BmivB‡ji mv‡_ K‚U‣bwZK m¤úK© ¯
vcb Ki‡Z hv‡”Q| Gi Av‡M 26 gvP© 1979 wgmi cÖ_g Avie †`k
wn‡m‡e K‚U‣bwZK m¤úK© ¯
vcb K‡i| Gici wØZxq †`k wn‡m‡e RW©vb 26 A‡±vei 1994 BmivB‡ji mv‡_ K‚U‣bwZK
m¤úK© ¯
vcb K‡i|

 Pxb-fviZ mxgvšÍ we‡iva

16 Ryb 2020 fviZ-Pxb mxgvšÍ‡iLv Line of Actual Control (LAC)-G
moK wbg©vY‡K †K›`ª K‡i †`k `ywU i³v³ msN‡l© Rwo‡q c‡o| fviZ
Awf‡hvM K‡i, Pxbv †mbviv fvi‡Zi mxgvbvq Xz‡K c‡o‡Q| Avi Px‡bi
Awf‡hvM, fvi‡Zi AvPiY D¯‥vwbg~jK| 5 †g 2020 Pxb cÖK…Z wbqš¿Y
†iLvi MjIqvb DcZ¨Kvq fvi‡Zi iv¯Ív wbg©v‡Y evav w`‡j NUbvi m~ÎcvZ
nq| Pvi w`b ci 9 †g 2020 wmwKg-wZeŸZ mxgv‡šÍi bvKzjvq gy‡LvgywL
`uvwo‡q `yB †`‡ki †mbviv nvZvnvwZ‡Z Rwo‡q c‡i| 16 Ryb 2020 cÖK…Z
wbqš¿Y †iLv eivei fviZxq I Pxbv †mbv‡`i i³v³ msN‡l© Dfqc‡ÿi
Kgc‡ÿ 25 Rb †mbv wbnZ nq| G msN‡l©i ci fviZ I Px‡bi g‡a¨
K‚U‣bwZK m¤úK© cybiæ×v‡i Dfq cÿB KvR K‡i hv‡”Q|
msK‡Ui †cÖÿvcU: 1962 mv‡ji Pxb-fviZ hy‡×i mgq Pxb ÔAvKmvB wPbÕ
As‡k wbqš¿Y Kv‡qg K‡i| AvKmvB wPb fviZ wbqwš¿Z Kvk¥x‡ii jv`v‡Li wPÎ: fviZ I Px‡bi weZwK©Z mxgvšÍ
Ask wQj| 1966 mv‡ji Pzw³ Abyhvqx, G A‡j Av‡Mœqv¯¿ I we‡ùviK e¨envi bv Kivi kZ© wQj| Gici †_‡K
mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ cÖK…Z wbqš¿Y †iLvi (LAC) Ici wfwË K‡i G GjvKvwU wbqwš¿Z nq| G msKU wbim‡b eûevi `yB
cÿ em‡jI †Kv‡bv mgvavb Av‡mwb|
 †bcv‡ji-fviZ mxgvšÍ we‡iva I †bcv‡ji bZzb gvbwPÎ
4 gvP© 1816 weªwUk B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb I †bcv‡ji ivRv wMievb hye
weµg kvnÕi g‡a¨ m¤úvw`Z ÔmvMvDwj Pzw³iÕ 5bs Aby‡”Q` Abyhvqx Kvwj
(gnvKvwj) b`xi c~e©w`‡Ki Kvjvcvwb-wjgwcqvayiv-wjcy‡jL mg¯Í A‡ji
gvwjKvbv †bcv‡ji| wKš‧ 2 b‡f¤^i 2019 fviZ bZzb GKwU ivR‣bwZK
gvbwPÎ cÖKvk K‡i, †hLv‡b weZwK©Z f‚wg Kvjvcvwb-wjgwcqvayiv-wjcy‡jL
fviZxq mxgv‡šÍi AšÍfz©³ e‡j †`Lv‡bv nq| †mB gvbwP‡Îi we‡ivwaZv K‡i
†bcvj| fviZ-†bcvj m¤ú‡K©i GB Uvbv‡cv‡o‡bi g‡a¨B 8 †g 2020
fviZxq ivR¨ DËivL‡Ði wc_vDivMo-wjcy‡j‡Li g‡a¨ ms‡hvMKvix 80
wK‡jvwgUvi j¤^v cve©Z¨ iv¯Ívi D‡Øvab Kiv nq hv Pjgvb GB weZK©‡K
Av‡iv D‡¯‥ †`q| dj¯^iƒc, 19 †g 2020 †bcv‡ji gwš¿mfvi •eV‡K
Kvjvcvwb-wjgwcqvayiv-wjcy‡jL GjvKv‡K AšÍfz©³ K‡i †`kwUi bZzb gvbwPÎ wPÎ: fviZ I †bcv‡ji weZwK©Z mxgvšÍ
•Zwii cÖ¯Íve Aby‡gvw`Z nq Ges 20 †g 2020 AvbôvwbKfv‡e GKwU bZzb gvbwPÎ cÖKvk K‡i †bcvj hv msm‡` cvk nq
31 †g 2020| 13 Ryb 2020 †`kwUi AvBbmfvi wb¤œKÿ nvDm Ae wi‡cÖ‡R‡›UwUfm-G Ges 18 Ryb 2020 D”PKÿ
b¨vkbvj A¨v‡m¤^wj‡Z bZzb gvbwPÎ m¤^wjZ msweavb ms‡kvabx wejwU cvm nq| D‡jøL¨, †bcvj I fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb
mxgvšÍ 1,690 wK.wg. (1,050 gvBj)| Gi g‡a¨ †bcv‡ji Ask e‡j wPwýZ Kiv nq 335 eM© wK.wg. (Kvjvcvwb,
wjcy‡jL I wjgwcqvayiv AÂj)|
Preceptors' Digest  525
 †bcv‡ji bvMwiKZ¡ AvBb ms‡kvab
26 b‡f¤^i 2006 †bcv‡ji eZ©gvb bvMwiKZ¡ AvBb cÖYqb Kiv nq| D³ AvBb Abyhvqx †Kv‡bv we‡`wk bvix †bcvwj
cyiæl‡K we‡q Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_B Ges †Kv‡bv we‡`wk cyiæl †bcvwj bvix‡K we‡q Ki‡j AšÍZ 15 eQi †m †`‡k _vKvi
ci bvMwiKZ¡ jv‡fi †hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e, 20 Ryb 2020 ms‡kvwaZ bZzb bvMwiKZ¡ wej Abyhvqx ‡Kv‡bv we‡`wk bvix
†bcv‡ji †Kv‡bv cyiæl‡K we‡q Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ bq, eis mvZ eQi ci †`kwUi bvMwiK‡Z¡i †hvM¨ e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡eb|
Z‡e we‡`wk cyiæl †bcvwj bvix‡K we‡q Ki‡j Kx n‡e †m wel‡q bZzb K‡i wKQz ejv nqwb|
 Biv‡bi Pvevnvi cÖKí †_‡K ev` fviZ, Biv‡bi mv‡_ Px‡bi bZzb Pzw³
Biv‡bi Pvevnvi mgy`ªe›`i †_‡K AvdMvwb¯Ívb mxgvšÍeZ©x Biv‡bi Rv‡n`vb kni ch©šÍ 628 wK‡jvwgUvi `xN© †ijc_
wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ fviZ, Bivb I AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ 2016 mv‡j GKwU w·`kxq Pzw³ n‡jI gvwK©b wb‡lavÁvi gy‡L covi
f‡q fviZ GwU ev¯Íevq‡b Abxnv cÖKvk K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z Bivb GKvB GB †ij cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi D‡`¨vM †bq Ges RyjvB
2020 †ijjvBb ¯
vc‡bi KvR D‡Øvab Kiv nq| cÖK‡íi KvR †kl n‡e 2022 mv‡ji g‡a¨| Gw`‡K Biv‡bi mv‡_ 25
eQi †gqv`x 40 nvRvi †KvwU Wjv‡ii R¦vjvwb, mvgwiK, e›`i e¨envi I †Zj-M¨vm wewbgq Pzw³ Ki‡Z hv‡”Q Pxb|
Bivb-Pxb Pzw³i LmovwU‡Z Ryb 2020 ZvwiL D‡jøL Kiv Av‡Q| Pzw³i welqwU Bivb ¯^xKvi Ki‡jI Pxb GL‡bv †Kv‡bv
wee„wZ cÖKvk K‡iwb|
 nvqv †mvwdqv
wMÖK kã nvqv A_© cweÎ, †mvwdqv A_© Ávb| GwU †RiæRv‡jg, evBZzj †gvKvÏv‡mi ci wLª÷vb‡`i Kv‡Q ag©xq Z…Zxq
m‡e©v”P ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯
vb| cÖvq 1500 eQ‡ii BwZnvm wb‡q Zzi‡¯‥i B¯Ívbey‡j `vuwo‡q Av‡Q nvqv †mvwdqv| 537 wLª÷v‡ã
eZ©gvb ¯
vcbvwU wbwg©Z nq evB‡R›UvBb m¤ªvU cÖ_g Rvw÷wbqv‡bi nvZ a‡i| 537-1204 mvj ch©šÍ GwU A‡_©vW· wMR©v
wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| 1204-1261 mvj ch©šÍ GwU wQj K¨v‡_wjK wMR©v, Avevi 1261-1453 mvj ch©šÍ GwU wQj
A‡_©vW· wMR©v| 1453 mv‡j A‡Uvgvbiv Kb÷vw›U‡bvcj Rq Ki‡j A‡Uvgvb myjZvb wØZxq gynv¤§` GwU‡K gmwR‡`
cwiYZ K‡ib| gy‡Q ‡djv nq wMR©vi A‡bK wPý, bvg nq B‡¤úwiqvj gmwR` †hwU 1616 mvj ch©šÍ wQj Zzi‡¯‥i cÖavb
gmwR`| Zvici 1935 mv‡j AvaywbK Zzi‡¯‥i RbK †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj AvZvZzK© nvqv †mvwdqv‡K Rv`yN‡i iƒcvšÍwiZ
K‡ib| me©‡kl MZ 10 RyjvB 2020 Zzi‡¯‥i m‡e©v”P Av`vjZ ivq †`q gmwR` wnmv‡eB _vK‡e nvqv †mvwdqv|
UNESCO 1985 mv‡j nvqv †mvwdqv‡K wek¦ HwZ‡n¨i ZvwjKvq AšÍfz©³ K‡i|
 Px‡b 97% c‡Y¨ ïégy³ myweav cv‡e evsjv‡`k
Pxb me©cÖ_g 1 RyjvB 2010 we‡k¦i ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡K Zv‡`i c‡Y¨i ïégy³ cÖ‡ekvwaKvi myweav cÖ`vb K‡i| ïiæ‡Z
evsjv‡`k Px‡bi 60% U¨vwid jvB‡b ïégy³ myweav †c‡jI evsjv‡`‡ki ißvwb mÿgZv Av‡Q Ggb A‡bK cY¨ ïégy³
myweavi ZvwjKvi evB‡i wQj| `xN© Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi ci evsjv‡`‡ki Aby‡iv‡ai cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z Pxb 16 Ryb 2020
evsjv‡`k‡K kZ©nxbfv‡e AviI 5,161wU c‡Y¨ ïégy³ †KvUvgy³ cÖ‡ekvwaKvi myweav cÖ`vb K‡i Av‡`k Rvwi K‡i hvi
g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb ißvwb cY¨ •Zwi †cvkvKI i‡q‡Q| GZw`b Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA) Gi
AvIZvq evsjv‡`k 60% U¨vwid jvB‡b Px‡b 3,095wU cY¨ ïégy³ myweav †c‡q AvmwQj| eZ©gv‡b Px‡b †gvU 8,256wU
cY¨ ißvwb‡Z evsjv‡`k ïégy³ myweav cv‡e, hv Px‡bi †gvU U¨vwid jvB‡bi 97%|
 RR© d¬‡qW nZ¨vKvÐ: weÿzä wek¦
25 †g 2020 hy³iv‡óªi wg‡b‡mvUv A½iv‡R¨i wgwbqv‡cvwjm kn‡i †k¦Zv½ GK cywjk
Kg©KZ©vi nv‡Z b„ksmfv‡e Lyb nb RR© d¬‡qW bv‡gi GK K…òv½| G nZ¨vKv‡Ði cÖwZev‡`
†MvUv hy³iv‡óª I we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k cÖwZev`-we‡ÿvf Qwo‡q c‡o| we‡ÿvfKvixiv Black
Lives Matter Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ GKvZ¥Zv cÖKvk K‡i GK nuvUz †M‡o e‡m cÖwZev` Rvbvq|
†cÖÿvcU: 25 †g 2020 wgwbqv‡cvwj‡mi GK †`vKvb Kg©Pvix 911-G Kj w`‡q cywjk‡K Rvbvq
Zvi †`vKv‡b wmMv‡i‡Ui wej wn‡m‡e 20 Wjv‡ii GKwU Rvj †bvU w`‡q‡Q K…òv½ GKRb †jvK (RR© d¬‡qW) | G Z_¨
†c‡q cywjk cvwK©s‡q G‡m RR© d¬‡qW‡K Mvwo‡Z cvq Ges Rvj †bvU ivLvi Awf‡hv‡M Mvwo †_‡K bvwg‡q a‡i wb‡q hvq|
GKch©v‡q UnjiZ Pvi cywj‡ki g‡a¨ †W‡iK kwfb bvgK GK †k¦Zv½ cywjk Zv‡K iv¯Ívq †d‡j Nv‡oi Ici nuvUz †P‡c
526  Preceptors' Digest
a‡i (8 wgwbU 46 †m‡KÛ cÖvq)| Gi d‡j k¦vmiæ× n‡q gviv hvb d¬‡qW| G mgq cy‡ivcywi wbi¯¿ I nvZKov cwiwnZ
d¬‡qW wPrKvi K‡i ejwQ‡jb: I can't breathe|
Black Lives Matter: Black Lives Matter (BLM) ev K…òv½ivI gvbyl n‡jv GK ai‡bi AvšÍR©vwZK gvbevwaKvi
Av‡›`vjb, hv Avwd«Kvb-Av‡gwiKvb m¤úª`v‡qi g‡a¨ D™¢‚Z| 2013 mv‡j Avwd«Kv-Av‡gwiKvb wK‡kvix †Uªfb gvwU©‡bi
g„Zz¨i NUbvq RR© wR¤§vig¨vb‡K Lvjvm †`qvi c‡i †mvk¨vj wgwWqvq Black Lives Matter n¨vkU¨vMwU e¨envi K‡i G
Av‡›`vjb ïiæ nq|
 †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui †gqv` e„wׇZ ivwkqvq MY‡fvU
†hv‡md ÷¨vwj‡bi ci ivwkqvi me‡P‡q `xN©‡gqvw` kvmK føvw`wgi cywZb| cÖvq wek eQi a‡i ivwkqvq ÿgZvi
†K›`ªwe›`y‡Z _vKv cywZb KL‡bv †cÖwm‡W›U, KL‡bv ev cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb| ivwkqvi eZ©gvb msweavb
Abyhvqx, GK e¨w³ GKUvbv `yev‡ii †ewk †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| Gw`‡K 2024 mv‡j †cÖwm‡W›U
wn‡m‡e Uvbv 2 †gqv‡` `vwqZ¡ cvjb †kl n‡e føvw`wgi cywZ‡bi| d‡j, cybivq †cÖwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb Ki‡Z msweavb
ms‡kva‡bi R‡b¨ ZvB MY‡fv‡Ui Av‡qvRb K‡ib cywZb| 2iv RyjvB, 2020 mv‡j ivwkqvbiv MY‡fv‡Ui gva¨‡g 1993
mv‡ji msweavb ms‡kva‡bi c‡¶ ivq †`q| G‡Z cwieZ©‡bi c‡¶ ‡fvU c‡o‡Q: 77.9%; wec‡¶ †fvU c‡o‡Q:
21.3%| eZ©gvb ms‡kvabx Abyhvqx GLb †_‡K GK e¨w³ GKUvbv Pvievi †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| G
ms‡kvabxi d‡j 2036 mvj ch©šÍ ¶gZvq _vKvi c_ myMg n‡jv føvw`wgi cywZ‡bi| D‡jøL¨, ivwkqvi cvj©v‡g‡›Ui bvg:
†dWv‡ij A¨v‡m¤^wj| GwU 2 K¶wewkó; D”PK¶: †dWv‡ikb KvDwÝj, wb¤œK¶: †÷U Wzgv|
 nsKs wb‡q Px‡bi RvZxq wbivcËv AvBb
Px‡bi b¨vkbvj wccjm Ks‡MÖm (NPC) 28 †g 2020 nsKs wb‡q ‡h weZwK©Z RvZxq wbivcËv AvBb cvk K‡i Zv
†eBwRs Aby‡gv`b K‡i 20 Ryb 2020| AvB‡bi Lmov Abyhvqx, †eBwRs nsKs‡qi we`¨gvb ¯^vaxb AvBwb e¨e¯
v‡K
AMÖvn¨ ev evwZj K‡i bZzb wbivcËv AvBb Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z Px‡bi g~j f‚L‡Ði Kg©KZ©viv nsKs‡q GKwU RvZxq wbivcËv
Awdm cÖwZôv Ki‡eb| Avav-¯^vqËkvwmZ G A‡ji ¯
vbxq AvBb¸‡jv hLb m½wZc~Y© e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e bv, ZLb bZzb
wbivcËv AvB‡bi aviv¸‡jv cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e| we‡kølK‡`i g‡Z, G AvB‡bi d‡j nsKsevmxi ivR‣bwZK I bvMwiK ¯^vaxbZv
ûgwKi gy‡L co‡e| Avi Avav-¯^vqËkvwmZ G A‡j Px‡bi cÖZ¨ÿ wbqš¿Y I Lei`vwi evo‡e Ges ¯^vqËkvmb AviI Le© n‡e|
Px‡bi bZzb RvZxq wbivcËv AvB‡bi cÖwZwµqvq nsKs‡qi we‡kl evwYR¨ myweav evwZj K‡i‡Q hy³ivóª|
 RvwZmsN Avc‡WU
 RvwZms‡Ni 75Zg m‡¤§jb 2020 (fvPz©qvj Awa‡ekb): `yÕevi (1964, 2001) ¯
wMZ Kiv n‡jI RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY
cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb KL‡bv evwZj Kiv nqwb| 10 Ryb, 2020 †NvlYv Av‡m †h gnvgvix K‡ivbv fvBivmRwbZ Kvi‡Y
Gevi BwZnv‡m cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv fvPz©qvj c×wZ‡Z AbywôZ n‡e RvwZmsN mvaviY cwil‡`i 75Zg Awa‡ekb | 75Zg G
Awa‡ek‡b wek¦ †bZ…e„‡›`i c~‡e©i †iKW© Kiv e³…Zv w`‡q cwiPvwjZ n‡e| D‡jøL¨, RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil‡`i 75Zg
Awa‡ek‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb Zzi‡¯‥i K‚UbxwZK †fvjKvb †evRKvi| 15 †m‡Þ¤^i 2020 †_‡K wZwb GK
eQi †gqv‡` 75Zg RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil‡`i †cÖwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb|
 RvwZmsN wbivcËv cwil‡`i bZzb m`m¨: 1 Rvbyqvwi 2021-31 wW‡m¤^i 2022 †gqv‡`i Rb¨ RvwZms‡Ni wbivcËv
cwil‡`i wbe©vwPZ bZzb cuvP m`m¨ n‡jv: fviZ, †gw·‡Kv, Avqvij¨vÛ, biI‡q I †Kwbqv|
 GKbR‡i K‡ivbv fvBivm (COVID-19)
1960 mv‡j cÖ_g K‡ivbvfvBivm kbv³ nq| GUv g~jZ fvBiv‡mi eo GKwU †MvÎ| eZ©gv‡b K‡ivbvfvBiv‡mi †h
cÖRvwZi msµgY N‡U‡Q Zv Gi Av‡M †`Lv hvqwb|
Px‡bi û‡eB cÖ‡`‡ki Dnvb bM‡i ARvbv Kvi‡Y wbD‡gvwbqvq AvµvšÍ nIqvi wel‡q wbwðZ nq
31 wW‡m¤^i, 2019 wek¦ ¯^v¯
¨ ms¯
v (WHO), hv cieZ©x mgq bZzb K‡ivbvfvBivm wn‡m‡e kbv³ nq| cÖ_g b‡fj
K‡ivbvfvBivm kbv³ K‡ib Pÿz we‡klÁ Wv. wj I‡qb wjqv|
WHO Px‡bi û‡eB cÖ‡`‡ki Dnv‡b cÖ_g kbv³ nIqv K‡ivbvfvBiv‡mi mßg cÖRvwZi bvgKiY K‡i b‡fj
7 Rvbyqvwi, 2020
K‡ivbvfvBivm| Avi Gi gva¨‡g m„ó †iv‡Mi bvgKiY Kiv nq 2019 Novel Corona Virus (2019-nCoV)|
11 Rvbyqvwi, 2020 Px‡b b‡fj K‡ivbvfvBiv‡mi msµg‡Y cÖ_g g„Zz¨i NUbv N‡U|
Preceptors' Digest  527
30 Rvbyqvwi, 2020 wek¦ ¯^v¯
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11 †deªæqvwi, 2020 WHO b‡fj K‡ivbvfvBiv‡mi msµg‡Y d¬zÕi g‡Zv DcmM© wb‡q †h †ivM nq Zvi bvgKiY K‡i COVID-19|
8 gvP©, 2020 evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g msµgY kbv‡³i K_v Rvbv‡bv nq| kbv³ wZbR‡bi `yÕRb wQ‡jb BZvwj‡diZ|
11 gvP©, 2020 wek¦ ¯^v¯
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v (WHO) K‡ivbvfvBiv‡mi d‡j m„ó †ivM COVID-19 †K •ewk¦K gnvgvwi †NvlYv K‡i|
cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv hy³iv‡óªi wmqvU‡j †Rwbdvi njv‡ii Ici K‡ivbvfvBiv‡mi f¨vKwmb
16 gvP©, 2020
cixÿvg~jKfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq|
K‡ivbvfvBiv‡m AvµvšÍ n‡q evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g g„Zz¨i NUbv N‡U| MY¯^v¯
¨ †K›`ª cÖvYNvZx
18 gvP©, 2020 K‡ivbvfvBivm (COVID-19) kbv‡³i wKU •Zwii †NvlYv †`q| W. weRb Kzgvi kx‡ji †bZ…Z¡ W.
wbnv` Av`bvb, W. †gvnv¤§` ivC` RwgiDwÏb I W. wd‡ivR Avn‡g` G wKU D™¢veb K‡ib|
msµvgK †ivM (cÖwZ‡iva, wbqš¿Y I wbg~©j) AvBb, 2018-G ewY©Z ÿgZve‡j COVID-19 †K
19 gvP©, 2020 msµvgK e¨vwai ZvwKvfz³ K‡i miKvi| †`‡k cÖ_gev‡ii gZ gv`vixcy‡ii wkePi Dc‡Rjv
jKWvDb †NvlYv K‡i ¯
vbxq cÖkvmb|
26 gvP©, 2020 K‡ivbvfvBivm cÖv`yf©v‡ei ci msµg‡Yi we¯Ívi †iv‡a †`kRy‡o 70 w`‡bi mvaviY QzwU ïiæ|
30 gvP©, 2020 Af¨šÍixY I AvšÍR©vwZK d¬vBU eÜ K‡i †`q wegvb evsjv‡`k|
K‡ivbvq AvµvšÍ n‡q †`‡ki cÖ_g wPwKrmK wm‡j‡Ui Gg G wR Imgvwb †gwW‡Kj K‡jR
7 GwcÖj, 2020
nvmvcvZv‡ji mnKvix Aa¨vcK Wv. gCb Dwχbi g„Zz¨ nq|
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1 Ryb, 2020 mxwgZ cwim‡i MYcwienb I wegvb PjvPj ïiæ nq|
A·‡dvW© wek¦we`¨vjq I hy³iv‡R¨i Ilya cÖ¯ÍZKvix cÖwZôvb A¨v÷ªv‡R‡bKvi D™¢vweZ m¤¢ve¨ AZD1222
20 RyjvB, 2020
wUKvwUi cÖ_g I wØZxq av‡ci cixÿvqcÖv_wgK djvd‡j GwU wbivc` e‡j cÖgvY cvIqv †M‡Q|
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27 AvM÷, 2020 Pxbv †Kv¤úvwb wm‡bvf¨v‡Ki •Zwi Kiv wUKvi Z…Zxq ch©v‡qi Uªvqv‡ji Aby‡gv`b †`q evsjv‡`k miKvi|
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†ivMZË¡, †ivM wbqš¿Y I M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU ev IEDCR (Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research)
evsjv‡`‡k gnvgvwi I msµvgK e¨vwa M‡elYv I †ivM wbqš¿Y welq wb‡q KvR K‡i| 1976 mv‡j cÖwZôv jvf Kiv G
cÖwZôvbwUi cÖavb Kvh©vjq XvKvi gnvLvjx‡Z Aew¯
Z| IEDCRÕi cÖavb KvR †iv‡Mi Ici bRi`vwi Kiv| †`‡k bZzb †Kv‡bv
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cÖ‡Kvc †`Lv w`‡j †ivMwU †Kv_vq wM‡q `uvov‡Z cv‡i, Zvi weÁvbwfwËK Abygvb Kivi †Póv K‡i †hgbUv GLb Ki‡Q
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m‡e©v”P wbe©vnx cÖavb| cÖwZôvbwUi eZ©gvb cwiPvjK n‡jb Wv. Zvnwgbv wkixb| Zvi Av‡M cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb
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 K‡ivbv fvBivm †cÖÿvcU: †R‡b ivLv fv‡jv
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me wbqg †g‡b †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K evwo‡ZB Avjv`v K‡i ivLv n‡jv †nvg †Kvqv‡iw›Ub|
 Isolation: gnvgvwi †iv‡a AvµvšÍ e¨w³‡K mvaviYZ nvmcvZv‡j c„_K ivLv‡K wPwKrmvweÁv‡bi fvlvq ejv nq
Isolation, hvi A_© wew”Qbœ _vKv|
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 Lockdown: †h GjvKv gnvgvwi AvµvšÍ nq, mvaviYZ †m GjvKvq cÖ‡ek I evwni nIqvi c_ eÜ K‡i †`qvi bvg Lockdown|
 A¨vw›UewW †U÷: hw` †Kv‡bv fvBivm ev e¨vK‡Uwiqv Avgv‡`i †`‡n cÖ‡ek K‡i, ZLb H fvBivm ev e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡K wbw®…q
Kivi Rb¨ wbw`©ó A¨vw›UewW •Zwi nq| A¨vw›UewW †U÷ cixÿvi gva¨‡g i‡³ A¨vw›UewW †LuvRv nq|
 PPE: PPE Gi c~Y©iƒc Personal Protective Equipment| Gi A_© e¨w³MZ myiÿv mvgMÖx ev miÄvg| †Kv‡bv e¨w³
hw` Ggb †Kv‡bv RvqMvq KvR K‡ib, †hLv‡b Zvi msµwgZ nIqvi m¤¢vebv Av‡Q A_ev wZwb hw` AZ¨waK SzuwKc~Y©
†Kv‡bv KvR K‡ib Zvn‡j Zvi Rb¨ PPE Avek¨K|
 ICU: nvmcvZv‡ji GKwU we‡klvwqZ wefvM Intensive Care unit (ICU), hvi A_© wbweo cwiPh©v †K›`ª|
 cøvRgv †_ivwc: fvBiv‡m AvµvšÍ nIqvi c‡i hviv cy‡ivcywi my¯
 n‡q I‡Vb, Zv‡`i kix‡i GK ai‡bi A¨vw›UewW ev †ivM
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AvµvšÍ †Kv‡bv e¨w³i kix‡i cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq, ZLb Zvi kix‡i †m A¨vw›UewW ev †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv •Zwi nq I wZwbI
my¯
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hš¿ †ivMx‡K k¦vm-cÖk¦vm ¯^vfvweK ivLvi mnvqK f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|
 n¨vÛ m¨vwbUvBRvi: n¨vÛ m¨vwbUvBRv‡ii KvR g~jZ cvwb Qvov nvZ cwi®‥vi Kiv| GwU •Zwi‡Z AšÍZ 60% A¨vj‡Kvnj
e¨envi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Avi K‡ivbvfvBivm, d¬z fvBivm I Ab¨vb¨ e¨vK‡Uwiqv gvi‡Z mÿg n¨vÛ ive ev m¨vwbUvBRv‡i
90% A¨vj‡Kvnj _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|
 mvgvwRK `~iZ¡/kvixwiK `~iZ¡: msµvgK †ivM we¯Ívi cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ GKRb †_‡K Av‡iKR‡bi gv‡S wbw`©ó kvixwiK
`~iZ¡ eRvq ivLvB n‡jv mvgvwRK `~iZ| Gi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv msµvgK †ivM enbKvix e¨w³i ms¯úk© Gwo‡q Pjv| 2019-
20 mv‡j K‡ivbvfvBiv‡mi •ewk¦K gnvgvwii mgq mgv‡ek cwinvi, MYmgvMg Gov‡bv Ges cÖvq 6 dzU ev 2 wgUvi `~iZ¡
eRvq ivL‡Z civgk© †`qv nq|
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 NAFTA-Gi cwie‡Z© USMCA
1 Rvbyqvwi 1994 hy³ivóª-KvbvWv-†gw·‡Kvi g‡a¨ ¯^vÿwiZ nq ¯^vÿwiZ nq 30 b‡f¤^i 2018
wÎcÿxq evwYR¨ Pzw³ North American Free Trade Agreement †hLv‡b ¯^vÿwiZ nq ey‡qÝ Avqvm©, Av‡R©w›Ubv
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nq United States - Mexico - Canada Agreement (USMCA)| D‡jøL¨, USMCA GKwU gy³ evwYR¨ Pzw³| bZzb
evwYR¨ Pzw³wU 16 eQi Kvh©Ki _vK‡e Ges 06 (Qq) eQi AšÍi Zv ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e| hw` †`k¸‡jv Pzw³wU cybivq bevqb
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A‡÷ªwjqv, KvbvWv, myB‡Wb I biI‡q-GB AvU †`‡ki AvBbcÖ‡YZviv Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China
(IPAC) bvgK GKwU †RvU MVb K‡ib| 5 Ryb 2020 G †RvU hvÎv ïiæ K‡i|
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Awf‡hvM G‡b wbe©vPb Kwgk‡bi ivq cÖZ¨vLvb K‡ib Ges ZLbB wZwb mgvšÍivj miKvi MV‡bi †NvlYv †`b| 9 gvP©
2020 AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vP‡b weRqx `vwe`vi mv‡eK cÖavb wbe©vnx Ave`yjøvn Ave`yjøvn Ges eZ©gvb †cÖwm‡W›U
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Pzw³‡Z ¯^vÿi K‡ib| Pzw³ Abyhvqx, Avãyjøvn High Council for National ReconciliationÕi †bZ…Z¡ †`‡eb| GQvov
Zvi `‡ji m`m¨iv gwš¿mfvi AšÍf©y³ n‡eb|
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2020| 23 Rvbyqvwi 2020 ivwb GwjRv‡e_ ¯^vÿi Ki‡j wejwU AvB‡b cwiYZ nq| 29 Rvbyqvwi 2020 BD‡ivcxq
BDwb‡q‡bi cvj©v‡g‡›Ui m`m¨iv AvbyôvwbKfv‡e BREXIT Pzw³ Aby‡gv`b K‡i| Gi d‡j 31 Rvbyqvwi 2020 ¯
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270| cÖv_©x‡K Aek¨B msL¨vMwiôZv †c‡Z n‡e|
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20 Ryb gvwK©b bRi`vwi †Wªvb ¸wj K‡i f‚cvwZZ K‡i IRGC|
1 RyjvB 2015 mv‡j cigvYy Pzw³i BD‡iwbqvg mg„×KiY mxwgZKi‡Yi bxwZ †_‡K m‡i Avmvi †NvlYv †`q Bivb|
7 †m‡Þ¤^i mg„× BD‡iwbqv‡gi gRy` evov‡Z eÜ cigvYy †K›`ª Pvjy Kivi †NvlYv †`q Bivb|
18 †m‡Þ¤^i Biv‡bi Ici wb‡lavÁv evov‡bvi wb‡`©kbv †`b Uªv¤ú|
7 b‡f¤^i †dv‡`©v cigvYy †K‡›`ª BD‡iwbqvg mg„×KiY ïiæ K‡i Bivb|
31 wW‡m¤^i evM`v‡` gvwK©b `~Zvev‡m Bivb mgw_©Z we‡ÿvfKvixiv nvgjv Pvjvq|
3 Rvbyqvwi, 2020 evM`v` AvšÍR©vwZK wegvbe›`‡i gvwK©b †ÿcYv¯¿ nvgjvq Biv‡bi kxl© KgvÛvi Kv‡mg †mvjvBgvwb wbnZ|
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7 Rvbyqvwi
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8 Rvbyqvwi Biv‡K hy³iv‡óªi `yB NuvwU‡Z Bivb †ÿcYv¯¿ nvgjv Pvjvq|

 gvwK©b iƒc‡iLvq bZzb ga¨cÖvP¨

ga¨cÖvP¨‡K †f‡½ UzK‡iv UzK‡iv Ki‡Z hy³iv‡óªi †bZ…‡Z¡ bZzb ga¨cÖv‡P¨i iƒc‡iLv cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| 18 b‡f¤^i 2006 G
msµvšÍ cÖ_g cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk nIqvi ci 5 Rvbyqvwi 2020 L¨vZbvgv AvšÍR©vwZK M‡elYv g¨vMvwRb †Møvevj wimv‡P©i
cÖwZ‡e`‡b Zv c~Y©v½iƒ‡c D‡V Av‡m| bZzb ga¨cÖv‡P¨i iƒc‡iLv wb¤œiƒc-
 †m․w` Avie †f‡O `yB fvM Kiv n‡e| cweÎ `yB kni g°v I gw`bv wb‡q n‡e GKwU †`k, hvi bvg †`qv n‡q‡Q Islami Sacred State|
Preceptors' Digest  531
 BivK‡K Kiv n‡e wZb LÐ- Kzw`© msL¨vMwiô AÂj wb‡q n‡e Ôwd« Kzw`©¯ÍvbÕ| eZ©gvb ivRavbx evM`v` I Ab¨Zg eo kni
emiv wb‡q wØZxq L‡Ði bvg n‡e ÔAvie wkqv †÷UÕ| Avi ÔAvie mywbœ †÷UÕ|
 BmivBj‡K eo Ki‡Z Ges AviI kw³kvjx Ki‡Z †f‡O †QvU K‡i †djv n‡e cvk¦©eZ©x †`k †jevbb-wmwiqv‡K|
†jevb‡bi cy‡ivUv I wmwiqvi AwaKvsk AÂj wb‡q Greater State bv‡g bZzb GKwU ivóª m„wó Kiv n‡e|
 Gwkqvi †`k cvwK¯Ívb‡K †f‡O `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡e| eZ©gvb ivRavbx Bmjvgvev` I KivwP wb‡q g~j cvwK¯Ívb Ges
†Mvqv`i e›`iwewkó †ejywP¯Ívb wb‡q Kiv n‡e wd« †ejywP¯ÍvbÕ|
 ga¨cÖv‡P¨i Bivb, wgmi, my`vb I Bw_Iwcqv‡K ivLv n‡q‡Q AÿZ| AweK…Z ivLv n‡q‡Q ga¨ Gwkqvi †`k ZzK©‡gwb¯Ívb,
DR‡ewK¯Ívb, wKiwMwR¯Ívb ZvwRwK¯Ívb‡K|
 BREXIT Bm¨y‡Z hy³iv‡R¨ AvMvg wbe©vPb
 †eªw·U Bmy¨‡Z weª‡U‡b AvMvg mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq- 12 wW‡m¤^i 2019| Rqjvf K‡i KbRvi‡fwUf cvwU© (650wU
Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 365wU Avm‡b), 1987 mv‡ji ci me‡P‡q eo Rq GwU| †jevi cvwU© Avmb jvf K‡i 203wU| cybivq
cÖavbgš¿xZ¡ jvf K‡ib- ewim Rbmb|
 hy³iv‡R¨i cvj©v‡g‡›U evsjv‡`wk es‡kv™¢~Z Ggwci msL¨v: 4 Rb| me©‡kl †h Rqx nb: Avdmvbv †eMg| Ab¨ 3Rb n‡jb:
iækbviv Avjx (2010 mv‡j cÖ_g evsjv‡`wk wn‡m‡e weªwUk cvj©v‡g‡›U Awf‡lK nq), wUDwjc †iRIqvbv wmwÏK I iƒcv nK|
 GKbR‡i fvi‡Zi bvMwiKZ¡ ms‡kvab wej (Citizen Amendment Bill-CAB)
evsjv‡`k, cvwK¯Ívb I AvdMvwb¯Ívb †_‡K ag©xq Kvi‡Y AZ¨vPvwiZ n‡q P‡j Avmv wn›`y, wkL, wLª÷vb, •Rb, cviwm I
†e․×ag©vej¤^xiv fvi‡Zi bvMwiKZ¡ cv‡eb| Gi gva¨‡g 1955 mv‡ji fviZxq bvMwiKZ¡ AvBb ms‡kvab Kiv nq| 2014
mv‡ji 31 wW‡m¤^‡ii g‡a¨ fvi‡Z Avmv wZb cÖwZ‡ekx †`‡ki ÔAZ¨vPvwiZÕ Agymwjgiv PvB‡j 6 eQi emev‡mi ci
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bvMwiKZ¡ ms‡kvab we‡ji AvIZvi evB‡i _vK‡e KviY GB wZb iv‡R¨ ÔBbvi jvBb cviwgUÕ cÖ_v Pvjy i‡q‡Q| Bbvi
jvBb cviwg‡Ui Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k, cvwK¯Ívb I AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi Agymwjg bvMwiK‡`i fviZxq bvMwiKZ¡ †`Iqv n‡jI
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fvi‡Z AvkÖq †bqv evsjv‡`k, cvwK¯Ívb I AvdMvwb¯Ívb †_‡K AvMZ msL¨vjNy Agymwjg DØv¯Íy‡`i bvMwiKZ¡ I emev‡mi Aby‡gv`b
msµvšÍ ÔbvMwiKZ¡ ms‡kvabx wej-2016Õ †jvKmfvq cvm nq - 8 Rvbyqvwi 2019| cÖ_g ZvwjKv cÖKvwkZ nq 31 wW‡m¤^i,
2017; P‚ovšÍ ZvwjKv cÖKvwkZ nq 31 AvM÷ 2019| ev` c‡o iv‡R¨i 19 jvL 6 nvRvi 657 Rb gvbyl| D‡Ïk¨: ÔA‣ea
evsjv‡`wk‡`iÕ Uv‡M©U Kiv Ges weZvob Kiv| Avmvg iv‡R¨ cÖvq 20 jvL gymwjg i‡q‡Qb hv‡`i c~e©cyiæliv evsjv‡`‡ki| 1971
mv‡ji 24‡k gv‡P©i Av‡M †_‡KB †h Zviv Avmv‡g _vK‡Zb, †miKg `wjj-cÖgvY nvwRi Ki‡jB †Kej Zv‡`i fvi‡Zi bvMwiK
wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv n‡”Q| 1951 mv‡ji ci 1g ev‡ii g‡Zv cwiPvwjZ RbMYbvi wfwˇZ RvZxq bvMwiKcwÄ ev GbAviwm
(b¨vkbvj †iwR÷vi Ae wmwU‡Rbm) •Zwi Kiv nq| D‡jøL¨, wbeÜb †_‡K gymwjg‡`i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ask ev` c‡ob|
 fvi‡Zi evewi gmwR`
09 b‡f¤^i 2019 fvi‡Zi cÖavb wePvicwZ iÄb M‣Mi (eZ©gv‡b AemicÖvß) †bZ…‡Z¡ mywcÖg †Kv‡U©i iv‡qi wfwˇZ 5
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mywbœ IqvKd †evW©‡K 5 GKi Rwg eivÏ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| 1992 mv‡ji 6 wW‡m¤^i KÆi wn›`yiv evewi gmwR` †f‡½ †djvi
ci wn›`y-gymwjg `v½vq Kg‡ewk 2000 †jv‡Ki g„Zz¨ n‡qwQj| KÆicš
x wn›`yiv `vwe K‡ib evewi gmwR‡`i RvqMv‡ZB
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gyNj m¤ªvU eve‡ii Av‡`‡k †mbvcwZ gxi evKx 1528-29 mv‡j (935 wnRwi e‡l©) G gmwR` wbg©vY Kiv nq|
532  Preceptors' Digest
 DËvj fvi‡Zi R¤§y I Kvk¥xi
23 Rvbyqvwi, 1957 mv‡j fviZxq msweav‡bi 1bs aviv †gvZv‡eK Kvk¥xi‡K fvi‡Zi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv
nq Ges 370 bs aviv †gvZv‡eK Kvk¥xi‡K we‡kl iv‡R¨i gh©v`v †`Iqv nq| 5 AvM÷ 2019 msweav‡bi 370bs
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Gi g~jZ 2wU Ask i‡q‡Q| h_v: K| Ifvij¨vÛ ev ¯
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kn‡i Mfxi mgy`ª e›`i wbwg©Z n‡”Q| GQvov Pxb evsjv‡`‡ki †mvbvw`qv Mfxi mgy`ªe›`i wbg©v‡Y AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡i‡Q|
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2 ga¨ Gwkqvi †`k KvRvL¯Ív‡bi ivRavbxAv¯Ívbv cwiewZ©Z bvgb~i myjZvb (2019 mv‡j)
3 BmivB‡ji ivRavbx†ZjAvwee bZzb ivRavbx†RiæRv‡jg (2017 mv‡j)
4 wgqvbgv‡ii ivRavbxBqv½yb bZzb ivRavbx†bc‡`v (2015 mv‡j)
5 BD‡iv‡ci ejKvb ivó« †gwm‡Wvwbqvi DËi †gwm‡Wvwbqv
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we‡k¦i wØZxq e„nËg A¨vÛ«‡qW ¯§vU©‡dvb wbg©vZv ûqvI‡q hv 1987 mv‡j †ib †Ss‡dB (mv‡eK mvgwiK Kg©KZ©v) Gi
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Preceptors' Digest  533
 bZzb AvÂwjK A_©‣bwZ‡K †RvU SEACO
2019 mv‡j eªæ‡bB md‡i cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbvi cÖ¯Ív‡e Bmjvgx mn‡hvwMZv ms¯
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Av‡jvwPZ gvwK©b †cÖwm‡W›U †Wvbvì Uªv¤ú 3 Pzw³i bvg cÖZ¨vnv‡ii ZvwiL
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¯^vÿwiZ Ô•gÎx Pzw³Õ I K‚U‣bwZK m¤úK© wb‡q c¨vwim Rjevqy Pzw³ 1 Ryb 2017
1961 mv‡j ¯^vÿwiZ wf‡qbv Kb‡fbk‡bi Biv‡bi mv‡_ cvigvYweK Pzw³ 8 †g 2018
ÔHw”QK weavbÕ †_‡K Av‡gwiKvi bvg cÖZ¨vnvi Biv‡bi mv‡_ •gÎx Pzw³ 3 A‡±vei 2018
K‡ib| Gi Av‡MI Uªv¤ú cÖkvmb †ek K‡qKwU wf‡qbv Kb‡fbk‡bi Hw”QK weavb 3 A‡±vei 2018
AvšÍR©vwZK Pzw³ †_‡K wb‡R‡`i bvg cÖZ¨vnvi Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty 1 †deªæqvwi 2019
K‡i †bq| Uªv¤ú cÖkvm‡bi cÖZ¨vüZ Pzw³¸‡jv- RvwZms‡Ni A¯¿ evwYR¨Pzw³ (ATT) 26 GwcÖj 2019
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 A¯‥vi cyi¯‥vi we‡k^i Pjw”PÎ RM‡Zi me©vwaK gh©v`v c~Y©
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534  Preceptors' Digest
 cywjrRvi cyi¯‹vi-2020
 mvsevw`KZvi †bv‡ej cyi¯‥vi‡K ejv nqcywjrRvi µg 104Zg
cyi¯‥vi| 1917 mvj †_‡K G cyi¯‥vi cÖ`vb ïiæ nq| cvewjK mvwf©m Anchorage Daily News & ProPublica
 cywjrRvi cyi¯‥vi cÖ`vb Kiv nqhy³iv‡óªi †eªwKs wbDR wi‡cvwU©s The Courier -Journal
Kjw¤^qv wek^we`¨vjq †_‡K| 4 †g, 2020 †NvwlZ AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZ‡e`b The New York Times
nq ÔcywjrRvi cyi¯‥vi-2020Õ| mgv‡jvPbv The Los Angeles ZTimes
 cÖ_g evsjv‡`wk wn‡m‡e 2018 mv‡j AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZ‡e`b I d‡UvMÖvwd‡Z iqUv‡m©i mvsevw`K wU‡gi Ab¨Zg m`m¨
wn‡m‡e †gvnv¤§` cwbi †nv‡mb mvsevw`KZvq we‡k^i me‡P‡q gh©v`vKi cyi¯‥vi ÔcywjrRviÕ jvf K‡ib|
 †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi 2019
 we‡k¦i me‡P‡q m¤§vbRbK cyi¯‥vi Ô†bv‡ejÕ cyi¯‥vi| 1901 mv‡j cÖewZ©Z G cyi¯‥vi 6wU wel‡q cÖ`vb Kiv nq| h_v - wPwKrmv,
imvqb, c`v_©, mvwnZ¨, kvwšÍ I A_©bxwZ| D‡jøL¨, 1969 mv‡j A_©bxwZ‡Z †bv‡ej cyi¯‥vi Pvjy nq| mviv we‡k¦i wewfbœ
e¨w³ I cÖwZôvb‡K mdj Ges Abb¨ mvaviY M‡elYv, D™¢veb Ges gvbe Kj¨vYg~jK Kg©Kv‡Ði Rb¨ G cyi¯‥vi †`qv nq|
†ÿÎ bvg Ae`vb
DBwjqvg †KBwjb Rywbqi hy³ivóª
†`‡n Aw·‡R‡bi mnRjf¨Zvi m‡½ †Kv‡li
wPwKrmvkv¯¿ m¨vi wcUvi i¨vUwK¬d hy³ivR¨
mvov `v‡bi cÖwµqv wb‡q M‡elYvi Rb¨
†MÖM Gj. †m‡gbRv hy³ivóª
†Rgm wcejm KvbvWxq es‡kv™¢‚Z gvwK©b bvMwiK gnvwe‡k¦i weeZ©b welqK ZvwË¡K aviYv cÖ`vb
c`v_©we`¨v wg‡kj †gqi myBRvij¨vÛ Ges †m․iRM‡Zi evB‡i m~‡h©i g‡Zv bÿÎ wN‡i
w`w`qvi Kz‡qjR myBRvij¨vÛ AveZ©biZ cÖ_g MÖn Avwe®‥v‡ii K…wZ‡Z¡i Rb¨
Rb we ¸‡Wbd hy³ivóª
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AvwKiv-B‡qvwk‡bv Rvcvb
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A_©bxwZ G¯
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kvwšÍ cÖwZôvq I AvšÍR©vwZK mn‡hvwMZv AR©‡b,
kvwšÍ Avwe Avn‡g` Avjx Bw_Iwcqv we‡kl K‡i cÖwZ‡ekx BwiwÎqvi mv‡_ mxgvšÍ
msNvZ wbim‡b wb®úwËg~jK D‡`¨v‡Mi Rb¨
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Awֻqv
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†cvj¨vÛ
(2018) Zuvi AvL¨vbg~jK Kíbv mxgv AwZµ‡gi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i
†bvU: †h․b wbcxob I nqivwbi Awf‡hv‡M mgv‡jvPbvi gy‡L c‡o 4 †g 2018 myBwWk GKv‡Wwg 2018 mv‡ji †bv‡ej
cyi¯‥vi †NvlYv ¯
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cyi¯‥vi Rqxi bvg †NvlYv Kiv n‡e| †m †gvZv‡eK 10 A‡±vei 2019 †bv‡ej cyi¯‥v‡ii BwZnv‡m cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv
GKmv‡_ `yB eQ‡ii †bv‡ej mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‥viRqxi bvg †NvlYv Kiv nq|
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 wewea cyi¯‹vi
A¨vIqvW© cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡i
fviZiZœ-2019 fvi‡Zi m‡e©v”P †emvgwiK m¤§vbbv| cÖYe gyLvwR©, f~‡cb nvRvwiKv Ges bvbRx †`kgyL|
BD‡ivcxq cvj©v‡g‡›Ui gh©v`vc~Y© kxl© gvbevwaKvi cyi¯‥vi| 2019 mv‡j jvf K‡ib Px‡bi
kvLvif cyi¯‹vi-2019
DBNyi m¤ú«`v‡qi ew›` Aa¨vcK Bjnvg †ZvnwZ|
g¨vb eyKvi B›Uvib¨vkbvj- gvivB‡K jyKvk ivB‡b‡dë (†b`vij¨vÛm)| 'The Discomfort of Evening' MÖ‡š
i Rb¨|
2020 MÖš
wU WvP fvlv †_‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyev` K‡ib: wg‡kjv nvwPmb|
2019 mv‡ji g¨vb eyKvi cyi¯‥vi jvf K‡ib †h․_fv‡e `yB bvix mvwnwZ¨K-KvbvWvi
eyKvi cyi¯‹vi-2019
Jcb¨vwmK gvM©v‡iU A¨vUDW Ges hy³iv‡R¨i evb©viWvBb Gfvwi‡÷v|
 AW©vi Ae Rv‡q`
mshy³ Avie Avwgiv‡Zi cÖwZôvZv †kL Rv‡q` web myjZvb Avj bvwnqv‡bi bv‡g wb‡R‡`i m‡e©v”P †emvgwiK m¤§vbbvi
bvgKiY K‡i AvwgivZ| †kL Rv‡q‡`i Rb¥kZevwl©Kx Dcj‡¶ †gvw`‡K GB m¤§vbbv †`Iqv nq| Kvk¥xi Bmy¨‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi
m‡½ fvi‡Zi wØc¶xq m¤ú‡K©i Pig AebwZi g‡a¨B b‡i›`ª †gvw`‡K m¤§vbbv †`q ga¨cÖv‡P¨i †`k mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ|
 g¨vM‡m‡m cyi¯‹vi 2019
1957 mv‡j wdwjcvB‡bi cÖqvZ †cÖwm‡W›U i¨vgb g¨vM‡m‡m‡K ¯§iY K‡i cÖeZ©b Kiv nq Ôivgb g¨vM‡m‡m cyi¯‥viÕ|
G‡K ÔGwkqvi †bv‡ejÕ ejv nq| 2 AvM÷ 2019 †NvlYv Kiv nq 31Zg i¨vgb g¨vM‡m‡m cyi¯‥vi| 2019 mv‡j †gvU 5
Rb G cyi¯‥vi jvf K‡ib- †Kv †mv‡q DBb (wgqvbgvi), Av•LvKv wbjvcvBwRZ (_vBj¨vÛ), iwfk Kzgvi (fviZ), †igy‡Ûv
cyRv‡šÍ (wdwjcvBb), Kg Rs-wK (`wÿY †Kvwiqv)|
wi‡cvU© I mgxÿv
 GK bR‡i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© m~PKmg~n
m~PK BD kxl© †`k me©wb¤œ †`k
hvbRU/evqy `~l‡Y kxl© kni, 2019 (IQAir) XvKv (2) w`wjø (fviZ) -
†cvkvK ißvwb‡Z, 2020 2 Pxb -
we‡k¦i kxl© gvQ Drcv`bKvix †`k, 2020 (FAO) 3 1. Pxb; 2. fviZ
wek¦ Rjevqy SyuwK m~PK (Rvg©vbIqvP) 07 cy‡q‡Z©vwi‡Kv -
20 hy³ivóª (ißvwb)
•ewk¦K A¯¿ Avg`vwb-ißvwb, 2020 (SIPRI) -
(Avg`vwb) †m․w` Avie (Avg`vwb)
we‡k¦i e¨qeûj kni, 2020 (gvm©vi) XvKv (26) nsKs (Pxb) KivwP (cvwK¯Ívb)
•ewk¦K mš¿vmev` m~PK 31 AvdMvwb¯Ívb -
†gvU RvZxq Avq, 2020 (WB) 40
hy³ivó« Uzf¨vjy
wRwWwc, 2020 (WB) 41
wek¦ mvgwiK kw³, 2020 (Global Firepower) 46 hy³ivó« fyUvb
•ewk¦K mvgwiK e¨q cÖwZ‡e`b, 2020 (SIPRI) - 1. hy³ivóª, 2. Pxb -
•ewk¦K wj½ mgZv m~PK, 2020 (WEF) 50 AvBmj¨vÛ B‡q‡gb
D`vi †`‡ki ZvwjKvq 74 B‡›`v‡bwkqv B‡q‡gb
•ewk¦K Lv`¨ wbivcËv m~PK, 2020 83 wm½vcyi †fwbRy‡qjv
mvBevi wbivcËv 86 †PK cÖRvZš¿ `w¶Y my`vb
‣ewk¦K ¶yav m~PK 88 †ejviæk ga¨ Avwd«Kvb cÖRvZš¿
536  Preceptors' Digest
•ewk¦K kvwšÍ m~PK 2020 97 AvBmj¨vÛ AvdMvwb¯Ívb
kw³kvjx cvm‡cvU© m~PK, 2020 101 Rvcvb AvdMvwb¯Ívb
we‡k¦ myLx †`k, 2020 (SDSN) 107 wdbj¨vÛ -
•ewk¦K wkï AwaKvi m~PK 108 AvBmj¨vÛ AvdMvwb¯Ívb
SDG Gender Index 110 †WbgvK© kv`
AvB‡bi kvmb m~PK, 2020 (WJP) 115 †WbgvK© †f‡bRy‡qjv
•ewk¦K D™¢vebx 116 myBRvij¨vÛ B‡q‡gb
B-Mfb©‡g›U †W‡fjc‡g›U m~PK, 2020 (UN DESA) 119 †WbgvK© `wÿY my`vb
A_©‣bwZK ¯^vaxbZv m~PK, 2020 (Heritage Foundation) 122 wm½vcyi DËi †Kvwiqv
gvbe Dbœqb m~PK, 2020 (UNDP)| 135 biI‡q bvBRvi
we‡k¦ emevm †hvM¨ kn‡ii ZvwjKvq 138 kxl© kni: wf‡qbv, Aw÷«qv me©wb¤œ kni: `vgv¯‥vm, wmwiqv
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gv_vwcQy µq¶gZvq 147 KvZvi eyiæwÛ
gv_vwcQy RvZxq Avq, 2020 (WB) 149 myBRvij¨vÛ eyiæwÛ
gy³ MYgva¨g m~PK, 2020 (RSF) 151 biI‡q DËi †Kvwiqv
mn‡R e¨emv Kivi m~PK, 2020 (WB) 168 wbDwRj¨vÛ †mvgvwjqv
 •ewk^K RbmsL¨v cÖwZ‡e`b-2020
 RvwZmsN RbmsL¨v Znwej (UNFPA) cÖwZeQ‡ii g‡Zv 30 Ryb 2020 Zvwi‡L •ewk^K RbmsL¨v cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk K‡i|
GKbR‡i Gev‡ii cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Z_¨-DcvËmg~n:
 RbmsL¨v (2020): 779.50 †KvwU|  me©vwaK Rb¥nv‡ii †`k: evnivBb; 4.3%
 RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi (2015-2020): 1.1%|  me©wb¤œ Rb¥nv‡ii †`k: wj_yqvwbqv; -1.5%
 Mo Avqy: 73 eQi|  RbmsL¨vq we‡k^i e„nËg †`k: Pxb|
 bvix cÖwZ cÖRbb nvi: 2.4 Rb|  RbmsL¨vq we‡k^ evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯
vb: Aóg|
 me©vwaK bvix cÖwZ cÖRbb nv‡ii †`k: bvBRvi; 6.7 Rb|  RbmsL¨vq mvK©fz³ †`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯
vb: Z…Zxq|
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 •ewk¦K bevqb‡hvM¨ R¡vjvwb
16 Ryb 2020 cÖKvwkZ bevqb‡hvM¨ R¡vjvwbi •ewk¦K M‡elYv I bxwZ cÖYqbKvix cÖwZôvb REN21 bevqb‡hvM¨ R¡vjvwb
wb‡q Global Status Report (GSR) cÖKvk K‡i| cÖwZ‡e`b Abyhvqx- evmvevwo‡Z †m․iwe`y¨r e¨env‡i (†mvjvi †nvg
wm‡÷g) we‡k¦ evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯
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wØZxq Ae¯
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K‡i| †bcvj G ZvwjKvq cÖ_g|
 wek^ wewb‡qvM cÖwZ‡e`b 2020
16 Ryb 2020 RvwZms‡Ni evwYR¨ I DbœqbwelqK ms¯
v (UNCTAD) wek^ wewb‡qvM cÖwZ‡e`b (WIR) cÖKvk K‡i|
cÖwZ‡e`b Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q †ewk we‡`wk wewb‡qvM G‡m‡Q ‣Zwi †cvkvK Lv‡Z|
 2019 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k wewb‡qvMKvix kxl© †`k Pxb; wØZxq kxl© †`k hy³ivR¨|
 2019 mv‡j we‡`kx wewb‡qvM cÖvw߇Z kxl© †`k hy³ivóª; wØZxq kxl© †`k Pxb|
 2018 mv‡j ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wewb‡qvMcÖvw߇Z kxl© †`kÑ evsjv‡`k (1.60 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi)|
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 D`xqgvb A_©bxwZi †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK mÿgZv
2 †g 2020 The Economist 66wU D`xqgvb A_©bxwZi †`‡ki m¤¢ve¨ cwiw¯
wZ we‡kølY K‡i GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk
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2. ZvBIqvb 4. †ciæ 6. wdwjcvBb 8. †m․w` Avie 10. Pxb
 mvK©fz³ †`‡ki Ae¯
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 we‡k¦i me‡P‡q eo 5 A_©bxwZi †`k
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Z_¨ bq| Pxb GwM‡q hv‡”Q GUvI mevi Rvbv| Z‡e bZzb †h Z_¨ Zv (wUªwjqb Wjvi)
n‡jv cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv fviZ hy³ivR¨ I d«v݇K mwi‡q we‡k¦i cÂg e„nr 1. hy³ivóª 21.44
A_©bxwZi RvqMv K‡i wb‡q‡Q| gvwK©b hy³ivóªwfwËK M‡elYv cÖwZôvb 2. Pxb 14.14
Iqvì© ccy‡jkb wiwfD 2019 mv‡ji A_©bxwZ we‡kølY K‡i GB Z_¨ 3. Rvcvb 5.15
w`‡q‡Q| †`Lv hv‡”Q wek¦ A_©bxwZi †gvU †`kR Drcv`‡bi (wRwWwc) 4. Rvg©vwb 4.0
AvKvi 91 `kwgK 98 wUªwjqb Wjvi| 5. fviZ 2.94
 gv_vwcQz Av‡qi wfwˇZ wek^e¨vsK m`m¨‡`i bZzb †kÖwYweb¨vm- 2020
AvšÍR©vwZK g~j¨ùxwZ we‡ePbvq wb‡q †Kvb †`k‡K Kx cwigvY FY †`qv n‡e, Zv wba©viY Ki‡Z wek^e¨vsK cÖwZ eQi gv_vwcQz Av‡qi
wfwˇZ m`m¨ †`k¸‡jv‡Z 4wU †kÖwY‡Z fvM K‡i| 1 RyjvB 2020 wek^e¨vs‡Ki I‡qemvB‡U New Country Classification by
Income Level 2020-21 kxl©K GK cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvwkZ nq| G cÖwZ‡e`b Abymv‡i wek^ e¨vs‡Ki bZzb †kÖwYweb¨vm wb¤œiƒc-
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wb¤œ Avq 1,036 Gi Kg AvdMvwb¯Ívb
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D”P ga¨g Avq 3,046-12,535 gvjØxc
D”P Avq 12,536 ev Zvi †ewk -
 wek^ fvlvwPÎ-2020
21 †deªæqvwi 2020 mv‡j B_‡bvjM cÖKvwkZ 23Zg ms¯‥i‡Yi Z_¨ Abyhvqx, we‡k^ eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ fvlvi msL¨v 7,117wU|
me©vwaK fvlv e¨enviKvix †`k- cvcyqv wbDwMwb; 840wU| Kg fvlv e¨enviKvix †`k- DËi †Kvwiqv; 1wU| me©vwaK we‡`wk
fvlv e¨enviKvix †`k- gvwK©b hy³ivóª; 116wU| eZ©gv‡b e¨enviKvixi w`K †_‡K we‡k^ evsjv fvlvi Ae¯’vb7g; kxl©
e¨eüZ fvlv•PwbK (gv›`vwib)| Z‡e, gvZ„fvlv wn‡m‡e e¨enviKvixi w`K †_‡K we‡k^ evsjv fvlvi Ae¯’vb 5g|
 GDPÕi cÖe„w×
29 AvM÷ 2019 'The Spectator Index' we‡k¦i 26wU kxl© GDP cÖe„w× AR©bKvix †`‡ki ZvwjKv cÖKvk K‡i m~PK
Abyhvqx kxl© cÖe„w× AR©bKvix 8 †`k I Zv‡`i AwR©Z cÖe„w×i nvi-
evsjv‡`k: 188% Bw_Iwcqv: 180% Pxb: 177% fviZ: 117%
B‡›`v‡bwkqv: 90% gvj‡qwkqv: 78% A‡÷ªwjqv: 41% eªvwRj: 17%
 86 wUªwjqb Wjv‡ii wek¦
wek¦e¨vs‡Ki 2019 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡mi †`k wRwWwc‡Z Ae`vb †`k wRwWwc‡Z Ae`vb
DcvË a‡i wnmve K‡i Rvbv †M‡Q wek¦ evsjv‡`k 0.27 wUªwj. (0.32%) Rvcvb 4.97 wUªwj. (5.79%)
A_©bxwZ GLb 86 wUªwjqb Wjv‡ii| GK ivwkqv 1.66 wUªwj. (1.93%) Rvg©vwb 3.99 wUªwj. (4.65%)
wUªwjqb mgvb 1000 wewjqb| Avi GK Pxb 13.61 wUªwj. (15.86%) fviZ 4.97 wUªwj. (5.79%)
wewjqb mgvb 100 †KvwU| wek¦ A_©‣bwZK hy³ivR¨ 2.82 wUªwj. (3.29%) hy³ivóª 20.49 wUªwj. (23.89%)
†dvivg (WEF) nvDgvP WU †bU †_‡K wb‡q GwU Zv cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| †gvU †`kR Drcv`b (GDP) a‡i G wnmve •Zwi|
538  Preceptors' Digest
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 ¯’wMZ n‡jv †UvwKI Awjw¤úK 2020
K‡ivbvfvBiv‡mi cÖfv‡e wcwQ‡q †`qv n‡q‡Q wek¦ µxovi me‡P‡q eo Avmi Awjw¤úK †Mg‡mi 32Zg Avmi| 24
RyjvB-9 AvM÷ 2020 †UvwKI‡Z AbywôZ nIqvi K_v wQj G Awjw¤úK †Mg‡mi| 30 gvP© 2020 †UvwKI Awjw¤úK
†Mg‡mi †NvwlZ bZzb ZvwiL Abyhvqx GwU AbywôZ n‡e 23 RyjvB-8 AvM÷ 2021| GK eQi †cQv‡jI AvmiwUi bvg
_vK‡e †UvwKI Awjw¤úK 2020| GKB mv‡_ c¨vivwjw¤úK †Mg‡miI bZzb ZvwiL †NvlYv Kiv nq, hv AbywôZ n‡e 24
AvM÷-5 †m‡Þ¤^i 2021| Gi Av‡M 1916 mv‡j MÖx®§Kvjxb Awjw¤úK evwZj nq cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i Kvi‡Y I 1940 mv‡j
wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i Kvi‡Y Awjw¤úK evwZj n‡q wM‡qwQj| Z‡e evwZj n‡jI GeviB cÖ_g Awjw¤úK ¯
wMZ n‡jv|
 2020 AvBwmwm Ab~aŸ©-19 wµ‡KU wek¦Kvc wRZ‡jv evsjv‡`k
2020 AvBwmwm Ab~aŸ©-19 wµ‡KU wek¦Kvc cÖwZ‡hvwMZv 2020 mv‡ji
17 Rvbyqvwi †_‡K 9 †deªæqvwi ZvwiL ch©šÍ `w¶Y Avwd«Kvq AbywôZ
nq| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq 16wU `j 4wU MÖæ‡c wef³ n‡q †L‡j| fviZ n‡”Q
weMZ Avm‡ii P¨vw¤úqb| dvBbv‡j, fviZ cÖ_‡g e¨vU K‡i 177 ivb
†Zv‡j| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡ki Bwbs‡mi mgq e„wói Kvi‡Y wWGjGm
Abymv‡i, weR‡qi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki bZzb j¶¨gvÎv wba©vib Kiv nq 46
Ifv‡e 170 ivb| evsjv‡`k 42.1 Ifv‡i 7 DB‡KU nvwi‡q j¶¨gvÎvq
†c․u‡Q hvq I fviZ‡K wZb DB‡K‡U nvwi‡q Uzb©v‡g›U Rq K‡i| GwU AvBwmwm
B‡f‡›Ui †h †KvbI ¯Í‡i evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g wk‡ivcv Rq| Ab~aŸ©-19 wµ‡KU wek¦Kv‡c evsjv‡`‡ki AwabvqK wQ‡jb AvKei Avjx|
wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ wek¦Kvc Rqx AwabvqK| evsjv‡`k Ab~aŸ© 19 wµ‡KU `‡ji cÖavb †KvP bvwf` †bIqvR, kÖxj¼v|
ZvwiL 17 Rvbyqvwi - 9 †deªæqvwi AskMÖnYKvix †`k 16wU
e¨e¯
vcK AvšÍR©vwZK wµ‡KU KvDwÝj †Ljvi msL¨v 48wU
wµ‡K‡Ui aib GK w`‡bi AvšÍR©vwZK g¨vb Ae `¨v Uzbv© ‡g›U hk¯^x RqmIqvj (fviZ)
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi aib ivDÛ-iweb I bK-AvDU g¨vb Ae `¨v dvBbvj AvKei Avjx (evsjv‡`k)
Av‡qvRb `wÿY Avwd«Kv m‡e©v”P ivb hk¯^x RqmIqvj (400), fviZ
weRqx evsjv‡`k (1g wk‡ivcv) m‡e©v”P DB‡KU iwe weòq (17wU)
ivbvi-Avc fviZ dvBbvj AbywôZ nq †mbDm wµ‡KU †÷wWqvg, cU‡P÷iæg, `w¶Y Avwd«Kv
 e½eÜy wewcGj 2019-2020
gywRe el©‡K ¯§iY K‡i mgqKvj 11 wW‡m¤^i 2019-17 Rvbyqvwi 2020
ivL‡Z wewcGj Gi 7g wewcGj 7g Avmi AbywôZ nq 3wU †fb¨y‡Z, AskMÖnY K‡i 7wU `j
Avm‡ii bvgKiY Kiv nq cÖ_g g¨vP AskMÖnY K‡i PÆMÖvg P¨v‡jÄvm©-wm‡jU _vÛvim
e½eÜy wewcGj| 2019 cÖ_g g¨vP I dvBbvj AbywôZ nq wgicyi †k‡i evsjv RvZxq wµ‡KU †÷wWqv‡g
mvj †_‡K wewcGj g¨vb Ae `¨ dvBbvj I †cøqvi Ae `¨ Uzbv© ‡g›U Av‡›`ª iv‡mj (ivRkvnx iq¨vjm)
d«¨vÂvBwRgy³ A_©vr GLb wewcG‡ji BwZnv‡m me©Kwbô †mÂzwiqvb bvRgyj nvmvb kvšÍ (Lyjbv UvBMvm©)
†_‡K mivmwi wewmweÕi ZË¡veav‡b cwiPvwjZ n‡e|
 13Zg mvD_ Gwkqvb †Mgm
 AbywôZ nq: 1-10 wW‡m¤^i, 2019 (†cvLviv I KvVgyÛy, †bcvj)| †gvU 27wU B‡f›U (Z‡e †Ljv nq 26wU B‡f‡›U), hvi
g‡a¨ wµ‡KUI AšÍ©fz³ nq|
 mvK©fy³ 8wU †`‡ki g‡a¨ 7wU †`k AskMÖnY K‡i (AvdMvwb¯Ívb AskMÖnY K‡iwb)|
 2019 mv‡j 13Zg Avm‡i evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ cÖ_g c`K Rqjvf K‡ib: ûgvqiv Av³vi (†g‡q‡`i GKK Kviv‡Z B‡f‡›U
†eªvÄ †R‡Zb, 2 wW‡m¤^i 2019)|
 2019 mv‡j 13Zg Avm‡i evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ cÖ_g ¯^Y©c`K Rqjvf K‡ib: `xcy PvKgv (Zvq‡Kvqv‡›`vi cyiæl B‡f‡›U)|
 ‡ivgvb mvbv, †mv‡nj ivbv, BwZ LvZzb GivI evsjv‡`wk AvP©vi wn‡m‡e n¨vUwUªK K‡ib| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †mv‡nj ivbv cÖ_g
n¨vUwUªK K‡ib (9 wW‡m¤^i, 2019)|
Preceptors' Digest  539
 †Mvjvwc e‡j †W-bvBU †U÷ g¨vP
wU-‡Uv‡qw›Ui hy‡M †U÷ wµ‡KU‡K `k©K‡`i Kv‡Q ‡Mvjvcx e‡j cÖ_g hv wKQy
RbwcÖq Kiv Ges iv‡Z gv‡V wM‡q †Ljv Dc‡fvM cÖ_g g¨vP A‡÷«wjqv-wbDwRj¨vÛ (27 b‡f¤^i 2015)
Ki‡ZB GB †W-bvBU †U÷ Av‡qvRb K‡i AvšÍR©vwZK AbywôZ nq A¨vwW‡jW, A‡÷«wjqv|
wµ‡KU KvDwÝj (ICC)| Rqjvf K‡i A‡÷«wjqv (3 DB‡K‡U)|
 evsjv‡`k-fviZ w`ev ivwÎ †U÷ g¨vP
 evsjv‡`k fviZ Dfq †`‡kiB cÖ_g w`ev-ivwÎ †U÷ g¨vP I we‡k¦i 12Zg w`ev-ivwÎ †U÷ g¨vP AbywôZ nq-22 b‡f¤^i
2019 (KjKvZvi B‡Wb Mv‡W©bm gv‡V)| fviZ evsjv‡`k‡K Bwbsm I 46 iv‡b nvivq|
 D‡Øvab K‡ib evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv I cwðge‡½i gyL¨gš¿x ggZv e‡›`¨vcva¨vq|
 fviZxq wµ‡KU †ev‡W©i (wewmwmAvB) eZ©gvb †cÖwm‡W›U: mv‡eK fviZxq wµ‡KU `‡ji AwabvqK †m․if Mv½ywj|
 wµ‡KU me©‡kl i¨vswKs (me©‡kl nvjbvMv` - †m‡Þ¤^i, 2020): ICC'i el©‡miv A¨vIqvW© - 2019
Z_¨ cÖevn †L‡jvqvo †`k c`
el©‡miv wµ‡KUvi †eb †÷vKm Bsj¨vÛ AjivDÛvi
el©‡miv IwWAvB wµ‡KUvi ‡ivwnZ kg©v fviZ I‡cbvi e¨vUmg¨vb
el©‡miv †U÷ wµ‡KUvi c¨vU KvwgÝ A‡÷«wjqv †evjvi
w¯úwiU Ae wµ‡KU cyi¯‥vi weivU †Kv‡nwj fviZ e¨vUmg¨vb
D`xqgvb wµ‡KUvi gvb©vm jveykvb A‡÷«wjqv e¨vUmg¨vb
cvidig¨vÝ Ad `¨ Bqvi (T-20) `xcK Pvnvi fviZ †evjvi
el©‡miv Av¤úvqvi wiPvW© BwjsIqv_© Bsj¨vÛ Av¤úvqvi
 ICC'i me©‡kl i¨vswKs (†m‡Þ¤^i, 2020)
we‡k¦ 1g evsjv‡`k
Z_¨ cÖevn
cyiæl gwnjv cyiæl gwnjv
Iqvb‡W Bsj¨vÛ A‡÷«wjqv 7g 9g
†U÷ A‡÷ªwjqv - 9g -
T-20 A‡÷ªwjqv A‡÷«wjqv 8g 9g
 2023 mvj ch©šÍ me ai‡bi µxov cÖwZ‡hvwMZv †_‡K wbwl× ivwkqv
 ivó«xq c…ô‡cvlKZvq ivwkqvi A¨v_‡jU‡`i †Wvc †bIqvq me ai‡bi AvšÍR©vwZK µxov cÖwZ‡hvwMZv †_‡K 2023 mvj
ch©šÍ A_©vr Pvi eQ‡ii Rb¨ ivwkqv‡K wbwl× K‡i‡Q AvšÍR©vwZK †Wvwcs-we‡ivax ms¯
v (IqvWv)|
 Gi d‡j 2020 mv‡ji †UvwKI Awjw¤úK I 2022 mv‡j KvZv‡i Aby‡ôq dzUej wek¦Kv‡c †Lj‡Z cvi‡e bv ivwkqv|
 AvšÍR©vwZK †Wvwcs-we‡ivax ms¯
vi (IqvWv) m`i `ßi-jyRvb, myBRvij¨vÛ|
 wµ‡KU wek¦Kvc-2019
2019 wµ‡KU wek¦Kvc cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Bsj¨vÛ Ges I‡qj‡m †h․_fv‡e AbywôZ nq| 1975, 1979, 1983 Ges 1999
mv‡ji wek¦Kv‡ci ci G cÖwZ‡hvwMZvwU Bsj¨vÛ Ges I‡qj‡m 5g ev‡ii g‡Zv nq| dvBbvj g¨v‡P mycvi Ifv‡i Bsj¨vÛ
wbDwRj¨vÛ‡K nvwi‡q P¨vw¤úqb nIqvi †M․ie AR©b K‡i Bsj¨vÛ|
ZvwiL 30 †g - 15 RyjvB g¨vb Ae `¨v dvBbvj †eb †÷vKm (Bsj¨vÛ)
e¨e¯
vcK AvšÍR©vwZK wµ‡KU KvDwÝj m‡e©v”P ivb †ivwnZ kg©v (648), fviZ
wµ‡K‡Ui aib GKw`‡bi AvšÍR©vwZK me‡P‡q †ewk †mÂzwi †ivwnZ kg©v (fviZ, 5wU)
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi aib ivDÛ-iweb I bK-AvDU m‡e©v”P DB‡KU wg‡Pj ÷vK© (27wU)
Av‡qvRb Bsj¨vÛ, I‡qjm cÖ_g g¨vP Bsj¨vÛ ebvg `wÿb Avwd«Kv
540  Preceptors' Digest
weRqx Bsj¨vÛ (1g wk‡ivcv) cÖ_g g¨vP AbywôZ nq w` Ifvj, jÛb
ivbvi-Avc wbDwRj¨vÛ dvBbvj AbywôZ nq jW©m wµ‡KU MÖvDÛ, jÛb
397/6 (Bsj¨vÛ K‡i
AskMÖnYKvix †`k 10wU m‡e©v”P `jxq msMÖn
AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi wec‡ÿ)
†Ljvi msL¨v 48wU evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ m‡e©v”P ivb mvwKe Avj nvmvb (606 ivb)
†Kb DBwjqvgmb evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ m‡e©v”P
g¨vb Ae `v Uzbv© ‡g›U gy¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb (20 DB‡KU)
(wbDwRj¨vÛ) DB‡KU wkKvwi
 wek^Kvc wµ‡KU Z_v Iqvb‡W wµ‡K‡U evsjv‡`‡ki m‡e©v”P `jxq Bwbsm333/8|
 wek^Kvc wµ‡K‡U evsjv‡`‡ki n‡q †mÂzwi K‡i‡Qbgvngy`yjøvn wiqv` (2wU); mvwKe Avj nvmvb (2wU); gykwdKzi iwng (1wU)|
 2019 ICC wek^Kvc wµ‡K‡Ui w_gms-Gi wk‡ivbvgStand By|
 †Ljvayjv msµvšÍ Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨
 46Zg †Kvcv Av‡gwiKv dzUe‡j Rqjvf K‡i eªvwRj (Av‡qvRK †`k eªvwRj)|
 17Zg Gwkqv Kvc dzUe‡j P¨vw¤úqb - KvZvi (ivbvm©Avc-Rvcvb)|
 2019 mv‡j Ballon d'Or I The Best FIFA Men's Player weRqx-wjI‡bj †gwm| 2019 mv‡j †iKW© 6ô ev‡ii g‡Zv
Ballon d'Or cyi¯‥vi jvf K‡ib wZwb| D‡jøL¨, 2009 mv‡j wZwb cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv e¨vjb wWÕAi cyi¯‥vi jvf K‡ib|
 wddv el©‡miv-2019 (bvix) dzUejvi: †gMvb ivwc‡bv (hy³ivó«)| cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv ÔRywbqi wek¦Kvc KvevwWÕ AbywôZ nq - Biv‡b|
 evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb †U÷ AwabvqK: gwgbyj nK; Iqvb‡W AwabvqK: Zvwgg BKevj; wU 20 AwabvqK: gvngy`yjøvn wiqv`|
 3 b‡f¤^i 2019 wU-†Uv‡qw›U wµ‡K‡Ui 1000 Zg g¨vPwU‡Z Rqjvf K‡i: evsjv‡`k|
 wek¦ †U÷ P¨vw¤úqbkxc 2019-2021
 we‡k¦i cÖ_g †U÷ P¨vw¤úqbwk‡ci mgqKvj: 1jv AvM÷ 2019-Ryb 2021|
 cÖ_g wek¦ †U÷ P¨vw¤úqbwkc †L‡j: Bsj¨vÛ - A‡÷«wjqv (1 AvM÷ 2019, A¨v‡kR wmwiR bv‡g †L‡j)|
 cÖ_g g¨v‡P Rqjvf K‡i: A‡÷«wjqv (251 iv‡b Rqjvf)| †Ljv AbywôZ nq: GRev÷b †÷wWqvg, Bsj¨v‡Û|
 dvBbvj g¨vP AbywôZ n‡e: jW©m, Bsj¨vÛ (Ryb 2021 mv‡j)|
 †gvU AskMÖnY Ki‡Q: 9wU †`k| †gvU wmwiR n‡e: 27wU, g¨vP n‡e: 72wU|
 me‡P‡q †ewk g¨vP †Lj‡e: Bsj¨vÛ (22wU), evsjv‡`k †Lj‡e: 14wU g¨vP|
 evsjv‡`k cÖ_g g¨vP †L‡j: fvi‡Zi mv‡_ (14-19 b‡f¤^i, 2019)|
 evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb (AvM÷ 2019-eZ©gvb) †KvP: iv‡mj Wwg‡½v (`w¶Y Avwd«Kv)|
 †Uwbm Avc‡WU: 2019
Uzbv© ‡g›U P¨vw¤úqb (cyiæl GKK) P¨vw¤úqb (gwnjv GKK)
A‡÷ªwjqvb I‡cb 2020 †bvfvK †Rv‡KvwfP (mvwe©qv) †mvwdqv †Kwbb (hy³ivóª)
DB¤^jWb 2019 †bvfvK †Rv‡KvwfP (mvwe©qv) wm‡gvbv nv‡jc (†ivgvwbqv)
divwm I‡cb 2019 ivdv‡qj bv`vj (†¯úb) A¨vk‡jB ev‡U© (A‡÷ªwjqv)
BDGm I‡cb 2019 ivdv‡qj bv`vj (†¯úb) weqv¼v Avw›`ª¯‥z (KvbvWv)
 †Ljvayjvi cieZ©x Avmi
hZZg Avmi welq/†Ljv ¯’vb mvj
7g AvBwmwm wU-20 wek^Kvc fviZ 2021
32Zg MÖx®§Kvjxb Awjw¤úK †UvwKI, Rvcvb 23 RyjvB-8 AvM÷ 2021
47Zg †Kvcv Av‡gwiKv Av‡R©w›Ubv I Kjw¤^qv 2021
2q wek^ †U÷ P¨vw¤úqbwkc fviZ 2021
Preceptors' Digest  541
22Zg wek^Kvc dzUej KvZvi 2022
13Zg wek^Kvc wµ‡KU fviZ 2023
33Zg MÖx®§Kvjxb Awjw¤úK c¨vwim, d«vÝ| 2024
17Zg BD‡iv dzUej Rvg©vwb 2024
23Zg wek^Kvc dzUej KvbvWv, hy³ivóª, †gw·‡Kv 2026
34Zg MÖx®§Kvjxb Awjw¤úK jm A¨v‡Äjm, hy³ivóª 2028
 Ab¨vb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨
 25 AvM÷ 2020 Av‡R©›UvBb ZviKv wjI‡bi †gwm 20 eQ‡ii m¤úK© wQbœ K‡i ev‡m©‡jvbv Qvovi †NvlYv †`b|
 30 Ryb 2020 BwZnv‡mi mßg †L‡jvqvo wn‡m‡e dzUej K¨vwiqv‡i 700Zg †Mv‡ji gvBjdjK ¯úk© K‡ib ¯ú¨vwbk
K¬ve ev‡m©‡jvbvi Av‡R©›UvBb ZviKv wjI‡bj †gwm|
 2023 mv‡ji RyjvB-AvM‡÷ A‡÷ªwjqv-wbDwRj¨v‡Û AbywôZ n‡e beg bvix wek^Kvc dzUej| cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv 32 `‡ji
AskMÖn‡Y n‡e bvix wek^Kvc|
 †gvU 32wU `‡ji AskMÖn‡Y 22Zg wddv wek^Kvc dzUej AbywôZ n‡e 2022 mv‡ji 21 b‡f¤^i †_‡K 18 wW‡m¤^i|
 1 AvM÷ 2019 †_‡K ïiæ nIqv Bsj¨vÛ-A‡÷ªwjqv A¨v‡kR wmwiR w`‡q ïiæ nq2019-2021 †gqvw` wek¦ †U÷ P¨vw¤úqbwkc|
 AvšÍR©vwZK wµ‡KU g¨v‡P evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g bvix avivfvl¨Kvimvw_iv RvwKi †Rwm|
 e¨vjb wWÕAi - 2019 AR©b K‡ib wjI‡bb †gwm| D‡qdv el©‡miv 2019 AR©b K‡ib fvwR©j f¨vb WvBK (†b`vij¨vÛ)|
 K‡ivbv cwiw¯
wZi Kvi‡Y Gwkqv Kvc 2020 ¯
wMZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| bZzb m~Px Abyhvqx 2021 mv‡ji Ry‡b kÖxjsKvq AbywôZ
n‡e| 2022 mv‡j AbywôZ n‡e cvwK¯Ív‡b|

wewfbœ m‡¤§jb (Avc‡WU: †m‡Þ¤^i, 2020)

bvg Zg mgqKvj ¯’vb
RvwZmsN Rjevqy cwieZ©b welqK ev COP 26Zg b‡f¤^i, 2021 Møvm‡Mv, ¯‥Uj¨vÛ
wR-7 (G-7) 46Zg †m‡Þ¤^i, 2020 K¨v¤ú‡WwfW, hy³ivóª
AvšÍR©vwZK GBWm m‡¤§jb 23Zg 6-10 RyjvB, 2020 fvPz©qvj wgwUs
Avwd«Kvb BDwbqb (AU) 33Zg 9-10 †deªæqvwi, 2020 AvwÏm Avevev, Bw_Iwcqv
b¨v‡Uv 30Zg 3-4 wW‡m¤^i, 2019 IqvU‡dvW©, hy³ivR¨
wR-20 (G-20) 15Zg 21-22 b‡f¤^i, 2019 †m․w` Avie
weªKm (BRICS) 11Zg 13-14 b‡f¤^i, 2019 eªvwmwjqv, eªvwRj
Avwmqvb (ASEAN) 35Zg 2-4 b‡f¤^i, 2019 e¨vsKK, _vBj¨vÛ
NAM 18Zg 25-26 A‡±vei, 2019 evKz, AvRvievBRvb
B›Uvi‡cvj (INTERPOL) 88Zg 15-18 A‡±vei, 2019 mvwšÍqv‡Mv, wPwj
AvBwcBD (IPU) 141Zg 13-17 A‡±vei, 2019 †ej‡MÖW, mvwe©qv
IAvBwm (OIC) 14Zg 31 †g, 2019 g°v, †m․w` Avie
ADB (Asian Development Bank) 52Zg 1-5 †g, 2019 wdwR
BRI (Belt & Road Initiative) 2q 25-27 GwcÖj, 2019 †eBwRs, Pxb
AviejxM 30Zg 31 gvP©, 2019 wZDwbm, wZDwbwkqv
542  Preceptors' Digest
m`m¨ msL¨v wiwfD: mv¤úªwZK cwieZ©bmg~n (Avc‡WU: AvM÷, 2020)
ms¯’v eZ©gvb m`m¨ msL¨v me©‡kl m`m¨ †`k
COMESA 21 †mvgvwjqv
Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) 22 gvjØxc
BD‡ivcxq wewb‡qvM e¨vsK (EIB) 27 -
NATO 30 DËi †gwm‡Wvwbqv
IBwmwW (OECD) 37 Kjw¤^qv
KgbI‡qj_ 54 iæqvÛv*
A¨v›UvK©wUKv Pzw³ 54 †¯øv‡fwbqv
Gwkqvb †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vsK (ADB) 68 wbD
cybM©Vb I Dbœqb msµvšÍ BD‡ivcxq e¨vsK (EBRD) 69 fviZ
Avwd«Kvb Dbœqb e¨vsK (AfDB) 81 Avqvij¨vÛ
Gkxq AeKvVv‡gv wewb‡qvM e¨vsK (AIIB) 82 (c~Y©v½ m`m¨) KzK ØxccyÄ
AvšÍR©vwZK Rjm¤ú` (Hydrographic) ms¯
v (IHO) 90 Mvqvbv
AvšÍR©vwZK wµ‡KU KvDwÝj (ICC) 105 Av‡gwiKv
¯
vqx mvwjwm Av`vjZ (PCA) 122 g‡½vwjqv
AvšÍR©vwZK Aciva Av`vjZ (ICC) 123 wKwievwZ
cyuwR wewb‡qvMRwbZ we‡iva wb®úwËi AvšÍR©vwZK †K›`ª (ICSID) 155 wReywZ
AvšÍR©vwZK bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ ms¯
v (IRENA) 159 ZzK©‡gwb¯Ívb
RvwZmsN wk‡ívbœqb ms¯
v (UNIDO) 170 A¨vw›U¸qv I evieyWv
AvšÍR©vwZK AvYweK kw³ ms¯
v (IAEA) 171 †m›U jywmqv
AvšÍR©vwZK Awfevmb ms¯
¨v (IOM) 172 cvjvD
AvšÍR©vwZK mgy`ª PjvPj ms¯
v (IMO) 174 bvDiæ
AvšÍR©vwZK K…wl Dbœqb ms¯
v (IFAD) 177 †cvj¨vÛ
B›Uvi cvj©v‡g›Uvwi BDwbqb (IPU) 179 †m›U wf›U‡m›U GÛ `¨ MÖvbvWvBÝ
eûcvwÿK wewb‡qvM M¨vivw›U ms¯
v (MIGA) 182 †mvgvwjqv
AvšÍR©vwZK cyuwR wewb‡qvM ms¯
v (IFC) 185 Uz¨fvjy
wek^ AvenvIqv ms¯
v (WMO) 187 bvDiæ
wek^ eyw×e„wËK m¤ú` ms¯
v (WIPO) 193 bvDiæ
AvšÍR©vwZK †emvgwiK wegvb PjvPj ms¯
v (ICAO) 193 WwgwbKv
ivmvqwbK A¯¿ wbwl×KiY ms¯
v (OPCW) 193 wdwjw¯Íb
Interpol 194 fvbyqvZz
RvwZmsN evwYR¨ I Dbœqb m‡¤§jb (UNCTAD) 195 wdwjw¯Íb
* KgbI‡qj‡_ me©‡kl †hvM`vbKvix †`k: iæqvÛv (2009)| 13 A‡±vei 2016 KgbI‡qj_ Z¨vM K‡i gvjØxc;
1 †deªæqvwi 2020 cybivq wd‡i Av‡m|
Preceptors' Digest  543
wewfbœ ms¯’vi eZ©gvb cÖavb (Avc‡WU: AvM÷, 2020)
ms¯’vi bvg bvg c`ex †`k
Avwd«Kvb BDwbqb (AU) wmwij ivgv‡dvmv †Pqvicvm©b `wÿY Avwd«Kv
wek^e¨vsK (World Bank) †WwfW g¨vjcvm †cÖwm‡W›U hy³ivóª
RvwZmsN A¨vw›UwbI ¸‡Z‡im gnvmwPe cZzM©vj
wek¦ ¯^v¯
¨ ms¯
v (WHO) †UWªm A¨vWn¨vbg †M‡eªB‡qmym wW‡i±i †Rbv‡ij Bw_Iwcqv
BDmyd Avj ûZvBwgb gnvmwPe Zzi¯‥
OIC
mvjgvb web Avãyj AvwRR †cÖwm‡W›U †m․w` Avie
KgbI‡qj_ ewim Rbmb †Pqvicvm©b weª‡Ub
AvšÍRvwZ©K bevqb‡hvM¨ R¦vjvwb ms¯
v (IRENA) d«v‡Ým‡Kv jv K¨v‡giv gnvcwiPvjK BZvwj
AvšÍR©vwZK AvYweK kw³ ms¯
v (IAEA) ivdv‡qj gvwiqv‡bv MÖwm gnvcwiPvjK Av‡R©w›Ubv
RvwZmsN cwi‡ek Kg©m~wP (UNEP) B½vi A¨vÛvimb wbe©vnx cwiPvjK †WbgvK©
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