Universidad Autónoma De Nuevo León

Facultad de Ciencias Políticas & Administración Publica

DIPLOMACIA

Requisito A: Origins of Diplomacy

Carrera: Relaciones Internacionales

Alumno: Andrea Paola Castro Ortiz Mtra.: Lic. Yanell Hernandez Rodríguez
Grupo: 403
Matricula: 1646145
Semestre: 4

3 / Agosto/2016

Monterrey, Nuevo León

C. 1: THE NEW WORLD ORDER

Conceived not as an established system but as a natural behavior in the world, a

“first nation” seems to emerge whenever the policy, the rights, etc. serve, or even
call, each country to a superior level on the international desk. But it´s a self-
interest the one that lead a nation or state to compete for the leadership. The book
told us about how France, Great Britain and Austria made treats that included a
power balance and the dismantled of the Concert of Europe.

The book let us know United States was, and is actually, the country with the most
“pragmatic” and extendable interest in having a regulated system regarded by
values and quotidian actions. In fact, the values are the center of every
international system with the end of having a self-control of the power each nation
lend or acquired. As well as the book talks about the supremacy of United States
as a country that involve values; as well as the development in communication and
technology lead United States to demonstrated the importance of a regulatory
system, in which the distance isn´t the obstacle to maintain the internal order.
Commonly, the nation’s think that just because of a usage of a system of
equilibrium, this involve that not all the countries are going to grow or develop as
well as the other ones. In this cases, the system that was structured since the
beginning will have no matter by that time; its truth what the Europe Nations think,
about a total control in the world among just one country, in this case United
States.

It’s said, that all the relationships that are created, all the behaviors that still
remaining, come from a natural order more than the one created between the
nations to estipulate the rules or manners they´re going to have during the period
of international participation. And it´s also common to hear about system that
evades the wars and crisis all over the world, therefore is just like the American
Dream; because of the impossibility of the people, in this case the countries or
nation involved, to have an equal order and maintenance in global peace.
Even though the theorists, lead to different ways of thinking; it’s important to study
the most important. Known as intellectual and statists, they both are directed to
different objectives or causes. In first place, the intellectual, have the homework of
being checking the operations of every system in the world; meanwhile the statists
build those systems in order to protect the nation. And just as joke, the
intellectuals, have the opportunity to decide whether which system are going to
investigate; by the other way, statists can just decide in the system that the
situation or government tell to get involucrate.

C2. Theodore Roosevelt or Woodrow Wilson

Now that the general panorama of “what a real relation means and involved”, it’s
time to begin what the world better known as -progress-; in this case by the XX
century they were two icons that not just changed the history, but also lead the
conceive of a new system of policy, that actually has consequences. Both,
Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, are still remaining known as those
presidents that wherever their points of view were not similar, they both help each
other to develop what we actually know as a “nationalism” and a “progresses”.

In first place, we have Theodore Roosevelt, that as you may know, he was an old
warrior that acquire his experience by seeing the reality of what a nation can do if it
joins all together. Also known as “Teddy”, his experience leads him have a different
point of view that serve as an impulse to reach the goal of an American value. It
was remarkable that he was an “open mind” just because of the importance he
gave to the international assessment. One of his thinking, was that the United
States played an important role in the building of what we actually know as
international relationships. An important role, means that it was nearly impossible
to the world to get an equilibrium without the North-America cooperation. It was
also told that it was more like an accomplishment of the American dream or an
American compromise with the world.
In second place, it was Woodrow Wilson, the man that disagreed the majorly of
what Roosevelt though, was also one important piece in this game. Better known
as the “schoolmaster”, was a professor and reformer that with his ideals, he will
send United States to the top of its participations in internationals commitments,
just with a different rear way. Wilson, though that America did not have an
important role in the system of equilibrium, therefore he stablished that United
states have nothing to do with international commitments just because it was not
obligating to help the others. Even though he had that thinking, he promoted the
idea of a United States that instead of involving in the system, it should let them
now the other countries that United states was a democracy got it from the
American values that started to spill around the world by the ending of the XIX
century. And that each country should be judged with the same ethics and norms
that people and the national interest had at that time.

In both cases, the American focus in the internationals themes, began or

developed not all at the same time, but with a lonely inspiration. After, Roosevelt
though that it was impossible to conceive an order or kind or peace, because it was
not on the human nature. The world need a vigilance offered by the strongest
countries. Nor that, by the time Roosevelt wanted to apply this policy, United
States was not ready to assume an international role. With this problem, Wilson
won the intellectual preferences, by selling the idea of having an organization that
regulates all that stuffs. “Nation Society” was the name of the first organization that
offered the vigilance of peace all over the world. Badly, the idea stood without
progress until the world war II finished, and therefore the United Nations was
created, as representation of each country or nation that wanted to fight against the
self-destruction of the relations between them.

C3. Richelieu, Guillermo de Orange and Pitt

It was not only the American continent the one that was fighting against the
adversities of having a regulatory system, with values and ethics that get form by
each countryside. Europe, the other side of the world, also wanted to have a
system of power more than a system of cooperation. During the XVII century, the
end of the feudalism, medieval period ended; with this step forward, the European
theorists, though that it was time to have a system in which only one nation would
have the power. Germany, Italy, France where first creating a way of government
that serve as stone to build an empire more than a democracy.

By this time, the fight between the church and the government had its red period;
the church suffered the weaknesses in the Pope and in consequence in all the
church. Meanwhile, outside in the normal government, the empire in this case,
suffered the competence of the church to have a total control over the people. The
king wanted to be the Pope, and the Pope wanted to be the King; and with this it a
betrayal. Richelieu started a fight with the emperor in that time Fernando II. The
reason, was that Fernando wanted to restructures everything that involved the
church and the Catholicism. Richelieu saw this actions as an opposite reform of the
ideals the Europeans should had.

Richelieu's internal policy was to strengthen the power of the crown, by dominating
both French and the nobles. He finished with political guarantees that Henry IV had
granted the protestants; he wanted France to be the purest nation and the one that
will succeed all over the other countries

Actually, the theorists known more about the situation during the XVII and XIX
centuries. The problem in here was that the nations or countries did not worked
together, and as consequence they fight and battle during a long period of time.
The international relationships were conceived more as a power assumption than a
cooperative organization as in the American side though.

C4. Concert of Europe: Great Britain, Austria and Russia

It all started during the XIX century or better known as the Napoleonic Period; by
this time Napoleon was having the greatest victories in war. Even though the
Vienna Congress was trying to build the international order again.
As in the last chapter, the European countries wanted to have the control without
being controlled. Napoleon Bonaparte, in representation of the French Nation,
wanted to conquer each territory that opposite the national values or ideals. The
problem was that the ambitious mind o Napoleon made him made a chaos that
Europe suffered decades later with the defeat of Bonaparte.

The Vienna´s Congress treated France as the worst country in the Europe territory,
and was rarely though in international decisions. It was until half century later that
France was admitted to the Concert and Vienna´s Congress. The countries even
though had no believe in France, as consequence of all the chaos it created with
its expansionism objective. The Napoleonic wars had shattered borders and
broken political institutions in several parts of the Continent, especially in Germany.
In order to heal its wounds, Europe needed peace. The first priority was to
preserve it from two of its common problems: hegemonic adventures and internal
wars. With this, the other countries will have secure that it will never happen again
something great as what France did.

Although all the changes in the conduct of Diplomacy from the ‘Old’ to the ‘New’
were important, however, Diplomacy was affected also by the international political
developments like the economic integration areas like the United States and its
practice of diplomacy with the other nations that started to emerge.