Public Health 101

Class Assignment
Faculty: Dr. MD Abdul Waheed (ABL)
Topic: Major Public Health Problems In
Bangladesh and Other Developing Countries

Student Name: SHAMIN YASAR CHOUDHURY

Student ID: 1711111630
Section: 39
Determinants of health:

The factors which influence health, lie both within the individual and externally
in the society in which he or she lives, are collectively known as determinants of
health.

The Classifications are:-

I. Biological determinants

ii. Behavioral and socio-cultural conditions

iii. Environment

Iv. Socio-economic conditions

v. Health services

vi. Aging of the population

vii. Gender

viii. Other factors.

Major health problems in BD:

• I. Population problems

• ii. Communicable disease problems

• iii. Nutritional problems

• iv. Environmental sanitation problems.

v. Medical care problems

 Responsibility for health

Health is on one hand a highly personal responsibility & on the other hand a
major public concern. It thus involves the joint efforts of the whole social fabric,
viz. the individual, the community and the state to protect & promote health.

Communicable Disease Problem:-

 Any disease occurs due to a specific infectious agent or its toxic products
capable of being directly or indirectly transmitted from man to man,
animal to man or from the environment to man or animal.

Non Communicable Disease Problem

Any disease that is not caused by a pathogen or its toxin and not transmitted
from one person to another. It might result from hereditary factors, improper
diet, smoking, or other factors

Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)

“Maternal death is the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42

days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of
the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy
or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.”

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in Bangladesh was last recorded
at 625.34 US dollars in 2013. The GDP per Capita in Bangladesh is equivalent
to 5 percent of the world's average.
 Environmental Sanitation Problem

 Lack of safe drinking water in many areas of the country.

Medical Care Problem

 Due to lack of proper Planning and lack of commitment among the

Medical personnel, Primary Health Care Services could not be provided to
the desired extent.

 Poorly managed Health Care System.

Millennium Developmental Goal

What is MDG: The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are 8 international
development goals that were established following the Millennium Summit of
the United Nations in 2000.All 189 United Nations member states at the time (there are
193 currently) and at least 23 international organizations committed to help achieve the
Millennium Development Goals by 2015.
Achievement of Bangladesh towards MDG: 'Millennium Development Goals:
Bangladesh Progress Report 2015' is the eighth report monitoring the progress of MDGs
in Bangladesh after 2005. The report shows that Bangladesh has registered remarkable
progresses in the areas of poverty alleviation, ensuring food security, primary school
enrolment, gender parity in primary and secondary level education, lowering the infant
and under-five mortality rate and maternal mortality ratio, improving immunization
coverage; and reducing the incidence of communicable diseases.
 However, the attainments of a few targets of MDGs are associated with several challenges
also. The existence of poverty, prevalence of unemployment and underemployment among the
youth, stunting and wasting among the under five children, reducing the dropout rate and
enhancing the quality of education at the primary level, universal access to reproductive health.