GROUP 2

GLOBAL
HEALTH
AND
NURSING
 Upon completion of this chapter, the reader will be able
to do the following:

01 Discuss global health issues and implications

to nursing.

0 Analyze the sustainable development goals

2 and how nurses contribute to their
attainment.

OBJECTIVES
03 Define universal health coverage and its
potential impact to health and nursing.
0 Discuss primary health care as an
4 approach to achieving universal
health coverage.
05 Describe the work of international
organizations in achieving the sustainable
development goals
06 Identify the role of nurses in global health.
GLOBAL HEALTH ISSUES
Global health aims to improve people's health
and achieve health equity, transcending
national boundaries and impacting politics and
economics. It requires global cooperation in
response, planning, prevention, preparedness,
and care. The Global Burden of Disease Study
2016 shows a shift from premature mortality to
older-age deaths due to cardiovascular
diseases, ischemic stroke, and neoplasms.
Health systems must prepare for workforce
capacity, higher costs of effective treatments,
and new challenges from conflict, terrorism,
and climate change-related issues.
NONCOMMUNICABLE COMMUNICABLE,
DISEASES (NCDs) MATERNAL, NEONATAL
In 2016, cardiovascular diseases caused the largest
number of deaths in non-communicable diseases
(NCDs), followed by neoplasms (8.93 million deaths),
and chronic respiratory diseases (3.54 million
deaths). Cardiovascular disease increased by 14.5%
between 2006 and 2016, with stroke and stroke
accounting for 85.1% of all deaths. Ischemic heart
diseases increased by 19.0%, largely accounting for
the overall increase in total deaths from
cardiovascular diseases. Neoplasms, including
prostate, pancreatic, and other neoplasms, also
increased globally by 17.8%. Chronic respiratory
diseases contributed 8.96% of NCD deaths in 2016.
Communicable diseases, including HIV/AIDS, malaria,
tuberculosis, and diarrhea, have decreased as a leading
cause of death globally between 2006 and 2016. HIV/AIDS
deaths decreased by 45.8%, while tuberculosis decrease by
20.9% and diarrhea decreased 24.2%, respectively. Other
communicable diseases decreased in terms of total deaths,
including malaria, measles, leishmaniasis, and intestinal
infectious diseases. Maternal and neonatal deaths also
decreased, with maternal disord e r s a n d n u t r i t i o n a l
deficiencies accounting for 3.49% of total deaths due to
CMNN causes. Protein-exeng malnutrition caused the
largest number of deaths for nutritional deficiencies in 2016.
INJURIES
In 2016, total injury deaths were largely unchanged from 2006, with
unintentional injuries accounting for the most. The largest decreases
were for natural forces and drowning, while the largest increase was
for conflict and terrorism. Global health patterns are changing, with
more rapid declines in child mortality, maternal health, and
HIV/AIDS disease. The ongoing challenge posed by major NCDs and
injuries requires more effective programs and policy interventions.
Social determinants of health, such as poverty, inequality, and work,
shape health inequities and the distribution of resources at global,
national, and local levels. Nurses can play a crucial role in human
rights and global health diplomacy efforts, enhancing human rights
and international relations.
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
GOALS
The United Nations General Assembly adopted the Sustainable
Development Goals in 2015, aiming for human potential, dignity,
equality, and a healthy environment. The SDGs lay the foundations
for supporting global health and international development work
from 2015 to 2030. There are 17 goals and 169 target indicators
requiring multi-section partnerships and capacity building.
 SDG 3:
GOOD HEALTH AND
WELL BEING
One goal particular to health is SDG 3, which aims to ensure healthy
lives and promote will being for all at all ages and covers the unfinished
MDC and newer challenges such as NCDs, health security, tobacco and
injuries (WHO, 2017)
OTHER SDGs SDG 1 Extreme poverty/Vulnerability to economic social &

RELATED TO
environmental shocks and disters
SDG 2 Malnutrition
SDG 5 Violence against women and girls/ Sexual

HEALTH reproductive health and sights

SDG 6. Safe and affordable drinking water Sanitation and

hygiene

SDG 8. Safe and secure working environment

SDG 11. Housing and basic services/Air quality, waste

management in cities

SDG 13 Climate-related hazards and natural disasters.

ARAICO PHARMACEUTICAL | VACCINES

UNIVERSAL HEALTH
COVERAGE
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
emphasizes universal health coverage (UHC) as a
key component of development. UHC ensures all
individuals and communities receive essential
health services without financial hardship,
including health promotion, prevention, treatment,
rehabilitation, and palliative care. This ensures
access to quality health services without financial
loss, enabling countries to achieve their health
targets.
 HEALTH SERVICE COVERAGE AND
FINANCIAL PROTECTION
The World Health Organization (WHO) monitors the progress of Universal Health Coverage
(UHC) using health service coverage and financial protection. 16 essential health services
are categorized into four categories: reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health
(RMNCH), infectious diseases, noncommunicable diseases, and service capacity. At least
half of the world's population still lacks full coverage, with 100 million people in extreme
poverty and over 930 million spending at least 10% of their household budgets on
healthcare. In the Philippines, coverage is slightly below the regional average, but high
coverage is noted for reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health services and
communicable disease prevention and control interventions.
STRENGTHENING
HEALTH SYSTEMS
Countries advancing
towards Universal Health
Coverage (UHC) recognize
the need to enhance their
health systems' resilience to
local and global health
threats, focusing on equity,
efficiency, accountability,
resilience, and sustainability.
PRIMARY
HEALTH CARE
declared as the way to achieve health for all by
2000, but faced criticism due to
misunderstanding. The World Health
Organization (WHO) reviewed its approach in
the mid-1990s to address emergencies like
HIV/AIDS, TB, and malaria. PHC is centered on
individuals, families, and communities,
addressing comprehensive physical, mental, and
social health. It emphasizes services delivered in
people's homes or close to their homes. WHO's
definition of PHC consists of addressing health
problems through comprehensive care,
addressing broader health determinants through
evidence-informed policies, and empowering
individuals, families, and communities to
optimize
GLOBAL HEALTH
PLAYERS
Twelve multilateral organizations have
developed a Global Action Plan to strengthen
collaboration in achieving health-related
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The
plan aims to engage with countries better,
accelerate progress through joint actions,
align operational and financial strategies,
and enhance shared accountability by
reviewing progress and learning together. It
builds on existing mechanisms and the
ongoing UN Development System reform.
Global Health Players for
Achieving the SDGs:
• Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
• The Global Financing Facility (GFF) for Women.
Children and Adolescents.
• The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria
• The Joint United Nations Programme on
HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
• The United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP)
• The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
• The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
• Unitaid
• The United Nations Entity for Gender Equality
and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women)
• The World Bank Group
• The World Food Programme (WFP)
• The World Health Organization (WHO)
ROLE OF Nurses play a crucial role in addressing global health
issues and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) through universal health coverage and primary
NURSES IN health care. They have the potential to play various roles
in academic institutions, public health, clinical care,

GLOBAL government, and private agencies. However, they must

understand social determinants and advocate for better

HEALTH
health outcomes. Nurses must also be human rights
advocates, political activists, and critical artists for global
health issues. Addressing nursing shortages and
maldistribution is essential. The International Council of
Nurses has actively participated in the WHO Global
Strategy on Human Resources for Health: Workforce 2030,
aiming to ensure equitable access to skilled health
workers and promote equitable socio-economic
development. Nurses can contribute by becoming involved
in communities, professional nursing organizations, policy
making, and workplaces.
 • Global health is about improving health of the people and
achieving health equity for all by addressing global health issues
that transcend national borders and have global impact on
politics and economics.

• Global burden of study 2016 showed the global shift from premature
mortality from communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional
diseases towards deaths at older ages for causes such as
cardiovascular diseases, ischemic stroke, and neoplasms.

SUMMARY • Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aims "to ensure that

all human beings can fulfil their potential in dignity and
Get in touch! equality and in a healthy environment."

• SDG 3: Good health and well-being, which particular to health,

aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at
all ages" and covers the unfinished MDGs and newer
challenges such as NCDs, health security, tobacco and injuries.
• One of the targets in SDG 3 emphasizes the importance of
universal health coverage to attain equitable and sustainable
health outcomes and improve the well-being of individuals and
communities.
 • PHC is an approach to health and well-being centered on
the needs and circumstances of individuals, families and
communities and addresses comprehensive and interrelated
physical, mental and social health and well- being.

SUMMARY • Multilateral international organizations with significant roles in

health, development and humanitarian work recognized the
Get in touch! needed closer collaboration to help accelerate progress towards
the health-related SDC and committed to a Global Action Plan.

• Nurses can contribute as global leaders o change to

help address the global health issues, achieve the SDGs,
implement universal health coverage and primary
health care.
 THANK YOU!
FOR LISTENING

MEMBERS: • ENRIQUEZ, CHRISTIAN

• GACHO, DARMIE
• GALINDO, CASEY LEEANNE
• GALLEGO, JEMBERT
• GOCOTANO, JULIANNE VANESSA
• HAMMERTON, MICHAELA
• HERMANO, JOHN RAYMOND
• HUYO-A, KRISTINE JOY
• HUYO-A, RENZ JACOB
• ILLUSTRISIMO, MARY FAITH