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Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes,

Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Copyright @2010 by lhe Americun Society ofMcchMlcal Engineers

No reproduction may be made ofth1s matcnal without wnucn conscn1 of ASMc
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INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Cop)'fighl © 2010 by th.: American Society ofMechan1cal Engineers

No reproduction may be made of this matcnol wllhout wnltcn consent of ASME
 Slings
Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes,
Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SUngs

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Copyright <Q 2010 by the American Society ofMcchwiical Eng111cers

No reproduction may be made of this material without wrinen consent of ASMI:..
 Date of Issuance: lanuary 18. 2011

The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2013. This Standard will become
effective 1 year after the Dale of Issuance. There will be no addenda issued to this edition.

ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects or this
Scandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at
http://cstools.asme.org as they are issued. Interpretations will also be included with each edition.

ASME is the registered lrademarit or The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National
Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that Individuals from
competent and concerned Interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made
available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from Industry. academia.
regulatory agencies, and the public·at·large.
ASME does not "approve," "rate," or "endorse" any Item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted In connection with any
items mentioned In this document, and does M t underUJke to Insure anyone Utllizlng a standard against llablllty for
infringement of any appllcable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are E!.'lpressly
advised that determination or the validity or any such patent nghts. and the risk of infringement or such nghts. is
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Participation by federal agency representatlve(s) or person(s) affiliated with Industry is not to be interpreted as
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ASME accepts responsibility for only those Interpretations of this document Issued in accordance with the establfshed
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No part or this document may be reproduced in any form.

In an electronlc retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission or 1ne publisher.

The American Society of Methanlcal Engineers

Three Park Avenue. New York, NY 10016·5990

Copyright «> 2010 by

THE AMERICAN SOCIElY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All rights reserved
Printed in U.S.A.

Copyright ~ 2010 by the Amcncn11 Soc1ccy ofMechnnical Engineers. &

No rcproduclion ma~ be made oftlus material wnhou t wntten consent of ASMI ~
 ~
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CONTENTS i
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Foreword vi 0c
Committee Roster . . . ..............................................•................ ..
B30 Standard Introduction ..............•.... . ....................................... ..
vii
ix
Ig
Summary of Changes ...... . .... . ................................................... .. . xii if~
Chapter 9·0 Scope. Definitions, and References ................................... .. . 1 ~
Sc.'Ction 9-0.1
Section 9-0.2
Scope of ASME 830.9 . . .. .. . . .. ....... . ......................... .
Definitions .. . ... ..........................••.......•............... ..
1
1
"'
~
~

Section 9-0.3 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. . ........... . 3 S!l

i:
ii
Chapter 9- 1 Alloy Steel Chain Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance .............. . 4
Section 9-1.0 Scope . . . . . . . . . .. . . ... . . . .. . . . . ........... . 4 ~
Section 9-1.l
Section 9-1.2
Training . . . . .. . . . . .. . . ............•.....•...............•...........
Materials and Components .........••..........................
4
4 fg
Section 9-1.3 Fabrication and Configurations .................................... . 4 g
Section 9-1 .4 Design Factor . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . 4 -<
Section 9-1.5 Rated Loads ........................•.....••.....•.•.................. 4
Section 9-1.6 Proof Test Requirements ............................................. . 7 ~
~
Section 9-1 7 Sling Identification . . . . . ..........•................................. 7 i:
Section 9-1 .8 Effects of Environment ......••••....•..•..••.............. 7 lz
Section 9-1 9 Inspection, Removal, and Repair ....... . ............................ . 7
Section 9·1.10
Chapter 9-2
Section 9·2.0
Operating Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . ... . ................. .
Wire Rope Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance .......•••....•••.....
Scope .. . . . . . . . . ... . . .................................. .
10
u
12
I
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Section 9-2.l
Section 9-2.2
Training ................................•..................•.........
Materials and Components .... . ...................................... .
12
12
lg
Section 9-2.3 Fabrication and Configurations ..................................... . . . 12 [
Section 9-2.4
Section 9-2.5
Design Factor . . . ..................................................... .
Rated Load .. .. .................................. . .................. . .
13
13
..s-
0

Section 9-2.6 Proof Test Requirements ............................••...•...•.•....•. 14 ~

iii
Sling Identification . . . . . ....•......•..............•............ . .. . 24 a.
Section 9-2.7 c:r
"<
Section 9-2.8 Effects of Enviroruncnt . . .•..•.........•..•...........••. . .. 24
Section 9-2.9
Section 9-2.10
Inspection, Removal, and Repair ..................................... .
Operahng Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. .
24
25
l
§
Metal Mesh Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance •••••••••.•...... 27
Chapter 9-3
Section 9-3.0
Section 9-3. I
Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... • ..•.............
Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................•.....••................
27
27
f
F
Section 9-3.2 Materials and Components .................................•.......... 27
Section 9-3.3 Fabncation and Configucabons .................•...................... 27 ~
Section 9-3.4
Section 9-3.5
Design Factor . . . . .
Rated Load . . . . . .
. ............ . ........•...............
. ...••••...•..•.....••...••••.....••.........
27
27
I
Section 9-3.6
Section 9-3.7
Proof Test Requirements
Sling Identification . . . .
........................................... .
. .......................................... .
30
30
...~
Section 9-3.8 Effects of Environment . . . . . . . . . . . ..................•................ 30 i
Section 9-3.9 Inspection, Removal, and Repair .................................... . 30 8
3
Section 9-3.10 Operating Practices .......................... . 31
Chapter 9· 4 Synthetic Rope Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance .........••...•.. 32
Section 9-4.0 Scope .............................................................. . 32
Section 9-4.1 Training .. . .... . ..................................................... . 32

Copynghl © 20 I0 by the American Soc1e1y of Mcchwucal Engineers ~

No reprodu cuon may be made oflh1s mntenal without wnttcn consent of ASME. ~
 0
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Section 9-4.2 Materials and Components ...............................•............ 32
Section 9-4.3 Fabrication and Configurations ................ ............ ........... . 32
£
:::>
Section 9-4.4 Design Factor ........................... ..... ............. .... ....... . 33 "'~
Section 9-4.5 Rated Load ................................................. . ....... . 33 0
Section 9-4.6 ~
Proof Test Requirements ... . ..... .. .................................. . 39 II>
Section 9-4.7 Sling Identification ...........•........................................ 39 ~
ii
Section 9-4.8 Effects of Environment ....... . ....................................... . 40 =:-
0
Section 9-4.9 Inspection, Removal, and Repair ..................................... . 40 c
iil
Section 9-4.10 Ope rating Practices ................................................. . 41 "'~
0
Chapter 9·5 Synthetic Webbing Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance ............. . 43 :::>

Section 9-5.0 Scope .................................................... . ..... . .... . 43 I!"

~
Section 9-5.1 Training ............................................................. . 43 II>
Section 9-52 Mate rials and Components .................................... . ...... . 43 .-,
'<

Section 9-5.3 Fabrication and Configurations . . . .................................. .. 43 ~

:""
Section 9-5.4 Design Factor ........................................................ . 43 CJJ
5
Section 9-5.5 Ra ted Load ..................•....................................... 43 "O

Section 9-5.6
Section 9-5.7
Proof Test Requirements ............................................. .
Sling Identification ..........................................•.........
46
49
..=
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Section 9-5.8
Section 9-5.9
Effects of Environment . . ............................................ .
Inspection, Removal, and Repair ..................................... .
49
49
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Section 9-5.10 Operating Practices . . . . ............................................. . 50 0

Chapter 9·6 Synthetic Roundslings: Selection, Use, and Maint enance ................ . 52
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Section 9-6.0 Scope ............................................................... . 52 0
"1l
Section 9·6.1 Training ....................... . .. . .................................. . 52 "'tQ
5·
Section 9-6.2 Materials and Components ........................................... . 52 II>
::J
Section 9-6.3 Fabrication and Configurations .................. . ............... ... .. . 52 a.
Section 9-6.4 Design Factor .................................................... . ... . 52
z
Cl>

Section 9-6.5 Rated Load ....................... . ................................. . 52 l~

Section 9-6.6 Proof Test Requirements ............................................. . 55 ::J
tQ
Section 9-6.7 Sling Identification ............. . ..................... ............ .... . 55 -0
Section 9-6.8 Effects of Environment ............................................... . 55 g.
Section 9-6.9 Inspection, Removal, and Repair ........................... • .......... 57 2'
Section 9-6.10 Operating Practices ........... . .... .. ....................... . ........ . 58 ~
0
Figures ~
ac
9-1.0-1 AIJoy Steel Chain Slings: Configurations, Components, and Hitches ... . 5 i'
Q.
9-2.0-l Wire Rope ........................................................... . 12 C'
'<
9-2.3.2-1 Minimum Sling Length ....... . .. . ................................... . 13 ....=:-
9-23.2-2 Minimum Braided Sling Length ...................................... . 13
9-2.5. 1-1 Angle of Loading ................................. ......... . . ........ . 14 ..g
0
3
9-2.5.1-2 Did Ratio .......................................................... . 14
9-25.4-1 Angle of Choke ................•...................................... g>
24 s::J
9-2.9.4-1 Cable-Laid Wire Rope Sling .... . ..................................... . 25 =-
9-3.0-] Metal Mesh Sling .................. ... ............................... . 28 ~
9-4.0-l Synthetic Fiber Rope Slings .......................................... . 33 5"
!"
9-4.5.1-1 Hitch Types for Synthetic Rope Slings ........................... . .... . 34
9-4.5.1·2 Angle of Loading ............... . .... .. .............................. . 36 I
9-4.5.1-3
9-4.5.4-1
Did Ratio ............................ . ............................... .
Angle of Choke ...................................................... .
36
39
~
"'
9·5.0-1
9-5.0-2
Synthetic Webbing Slings ............................................ .
Synthetic Webbing Slliig Nomenclature ............ .. ................ . .
44
44
i8
9-5.5.1-1 Angle of Loading .................................................. . . 45 ?
9-5.5.4-1 Angle of Choke ...................................................... . 49
9-6.0-1 Synthetic Roundslings ........... . ................................... . 53
9-6.5.1-1 Angle of Loadjng ................................................... . . 54
9-6.5.4-1 Angle of Cho ke ...................................................... . 57

iv
Copyright 1':> 2010 by lhc American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ~
No reproduclloa may be made of this matenaJ w1Jltout \llI'lltcn consent of J\SME. C(ii2
 §
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Tables ~
9-1 .5.2-1 Rated Load for Grade 80 AIJoy Steel Chain Slings - Vertical,
Basket, and Bndle Hitches . . . . ............. . 6
i
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9-1.5.2-2 Rated Load for Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain Slings - Vertical,
Basket, and Bridle Hitches . .. . . .... .... . ..... ... .. 6
..
3::
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9-1.5.4-1 Rated Load for Grade 80 Alloy Steel Chain Slings - Choker ~
Hitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. . . . ... 8 ~
9-1 .5.4-2
~
Rated Load for Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain Slings - Choker
Hitches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . ................. . 8 0
9-1.8.1-l Effect of Elevated Temperature on Rated Load of Alloy Steel Chain .... 9 :>

9-1.9.4-1 Minjmum Allowable Thickness at Any Point on a Link .... 10 if>

~
9-2.5.2-1 Rated Load for Single- and Two-Leg Slings 6 x 19 or 6 x 36 Ill
'<
Oassification Extra Improved Plow Steel (ElPS) Grade Fiber Core .:,
g
(FC) Wu:e Rope . . . ............................ . 15 ...
9-2.5.2-2 Rated Load for Three- and Four-Leg Slings 6 x 19 or 6 x 36 (JI

Classification Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS) Grade Fiber Core ~

~
(FC) Wire Rope .. . .. . .. . . . . .. .... 16 c
9-2.5.2-3 Rated Load for Single- and Two-Leg Slings 6 x 19 or 6 x 36 ~
Oassification Extra Improved Plow Steel (ErPS) Grade
Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) Wire Rope 17
§
;
9-2.5.2-1 Rated Load for Three- and Four-Leg Slings 6 x 19 or 6 x 36 g
Oassification Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS) Grade -<
Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) Wire Rope 18 ~
~
9-2.5.2-5 Rated Load for Single- and Two-Leg Slings 6 x 19 o r 6 x 36 'S.
Oasstfication Extra Extra Improved Plow Steel (EEJPS) Grade
Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) Wire Rope .................. . 19
.
6
6.
9-2.5.2-6 Rated Load for Three- and Four-Leg Slings 6 x 19 o r 6 x 36 zCD
Oassification Extra Ei..tra Improved Plow Stccl (EEIPS) Grade

9-2.5.2-7
Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) Wire Rope
Rated Load for Cable-Laid Wire Rope Single- and Two-Leg Slings
................. . 20 !.
~

9-2.5.2-8
Mechanical Splice Only . . . .. . .
Rated Load for Six-Part Braided Single- and Two-Leg Slings 6 x 19 or
. .. . .. .. .. . .. . . . . .... 21
!
~
6 x 36 Classification Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS) Grade &
9-2.5.2-9
Independent Wire Rope Core (TWRC) Wire Rope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....
Rated Load for Eight-Part Braided Single- and Two-Leg Slings 6 x 19
22
..:r
g

o r 6 x 36 Oassillcation Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS) Grade f

Lndependent Wire Rope Core (JWRC) Wire Rope . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... i'
23 Q.

9-3.2. 1-1 Fabric Construction (Metal Mesh Slings) .......................••...... 28 ~

-c
9-3.5.2-1 Rated Load for Metal Mesh Slings . . . . .....••... ... .......••...... 29
9-1.5.2-1 Nylon Rope Slings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....•......•••.•........••........ 37 ~
g
9-4.5.2-2 Polyester Rope Slings . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .......... ...... . 38 :>
9-5.5.2-1
9-5.5.2-2
Rated Load for One-Ply, Class 5 Synthetic Webbing Slings ......•......
Rated Load for Two-Ply, Oass 5 Synthetic Webbing Slings
46
47
g.
.......... . a
9-5.5.2-3 Rated Load for One-Ply, Class 7 Synthetic Webbing Slings ..•••. ..• .. 47 ff
9-5.5.2-1 Rated Load for Two-Ply, Oass 7 Synthetic Webbing Slings .....•.....
9-5.5.2-5 Rated Load for Four-Ply, Oass 7 Synthetic Webbing Slings
48
48 .~
9-6.5.2-1 Rated Load for Single-Leg Polyester Roundshngs - Endless and
Eye-and-Eye Type . . . .................... . 56
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v
Copyright© 2010 by the Amencan Socie1y ofMcchw11cal Engineers. ~
No reproducuon may be made ofth1s matcneJ w1Lhou1 ~mllen conseni of ASME. ~
(10) FOREWORD

This American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,
Hooks, jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the American
National Standards Institute (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute). Titls
Standard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standards for
Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presented
to the annual meeting of the ASME.
Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920
lo 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of l ron and
Steel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering Standards
(/)
Committee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USA
Standards lnstitute), Department of Labor - State of New Jersey, Department of Labor and
~
Industry - State of Pennsylvanfa, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. On
June 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety Code
..
ii
c
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Correlating Committee's recommendation and authorized the pro1cct with the U.S. Deparhnent
of the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors
ln March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to a
Sectional Comnuttee The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October 2,
1926, and the committee organized on November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing
29 national organizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA 830.2-19-13,
was created from the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph This document was
reaffirmed m 1952 and w idely accepted as a safety standard.
Due to changes in design. advancement in techniques, and general inter~t of labor and industry
in safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval Facilities
Engineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized ns an American National
Standards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 national
organizations
The format of the previous code was changed so that separate volumes (each complete as to
construction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) would cover
the different types of equipment included in the scope of 630.
ln 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited O rganization Committee, operating
under procedures developed by ASME and accredited by lhe American National Standards
Institute.
This Standard presents a coordinated set of ru les that may serve as a guide to government
and other regu latory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspection
of the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention are
given both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types mny be required
by employers of their employees.
In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrative
or regulatory authonty may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use of
other devices or methods. but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree of
protection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,
admmistrnhvc or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the 830 Committee, in accordance
with the formnt described in Section IX, before rendering dcos1ons on disputed points.
Operation and maintenance instructions in this safety Standard arc intended for general
applications.
Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-
tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmental
and industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate. The 2010
edition of Lhls Volume contains minor revisions throughout
Following approval by the 830 Standards Committee and the ASME Board, ASME 830.9-2010
wru; approved as an American National Standard by ANSI on November 16, 2010.

vi
Copyright @2010 by Lhe American Society ofMechan1cal Engmecrs. ~
No reproducuon may be made oflh1s moteriaJ without written consent of AS ME. ~
 ASME 830 COMMITTEE
Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,
Hooks, Jacks, and Slings
(The following is the roster or the Committee at the time or approval of this Standard.)

STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS

P. S. Zorich, Chair
R. M. Parnell, Vice Chair
K. M. Hyam, Secretary

STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL

N. E.. Andrew, ThyssenKrupp Steel USA. UC
W. T. Hargrove, Alternate, QlnetlQ North America
R. E.. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.
P. A. Boeckman, The Oosby Group. Inc.
R. J. Bolen, E.. I. DuPont
A. D. Brown, Poms and Associates
M. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co.
T. A. Christensen, Alliance or American Insurers/ Liberty Mutual
Insurance
M. w. Mills, Alternate, Uberty Mutual Group
B. O. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.
T. L Blanton, Alternate. NACB Group, Inc.
J. P. Colletti, John P. Colleni & Associates. Inc.
R. A. Dahlin, Walker Magnetics Group
K. M. Jankowski, Alternate, Walker Magnetics Group
L D. DeMal'k, Equipment Training Solutions, LlC
D. Jordan, A/rernare. BP
D. W. Eckstlne, Ecksline and Associates
H. G. Leidich, Alternate, Leidich Consulting Services
R. J. Edwards, Alliance Concrete Pumps
J. L Bury, Alternate, Puumeister America
E. D. Fidler, The Manitowoc Co.
J. L Gordon, Acco Chain and Lirting Products
N. C. Hargruves. Terex Corp.
C. E.. !merman, Alternate. Unk·Bell Construction Equipment Co.
J. J. Headley, Crane Institute or Amenca
W. C. Dickinson, Alternate, Crane Industry Services, LlC
G. B. Helherston, E.. I. DuPont
K. M. Hyam, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
C. W. Ireland, National Oilwell Varco
A. J, Entng, Alternate, National Oilwell Varco
D. C. Jac.kson, Tulsa Winch Group
W. E.. Osborn, Alternate, Ingersoll Rand
P. R. Juhren, Morrow Equipment Co.. llC
R. M. Kohner, landmark Engineering Service
D. Oum, Alternate, 2DM Associates. Inc.
C. E.. Lucas, The Crosby Group, Inc.
F. P. Massaro, Alternate, Bishop Lilting Products, Inc.
A. J. Lusl, International Union or Operating Engineers
D. w. Frantz, Alternate. Ohio Operating Engineers Local 18
E.. K. Merburg. Columbus McKinnon Corp.
D. K. Huber, Alternate. Columbus McKinnon Corp.
L D. MHl\5, Means Engineering and Consulting/Wire Rope
Technical Board
D. M. Slelghtholm, Alternate. Bridon American Corp.
K. J. Miller, lacobs Engineering
P. E.. Whitford, Alternate, Haag Engineering
D. Morpn, Mission Support Alliance
C. Bmwer, lilternate. Mission Support Alliance
G. L Owel\5, Consultant
J. Sturm, Alternate, Crane's Aerial Tru~ Service
R. M. Parnell, Wire Rope Rigging Consultants/ Industrial Training
lntematlonal. Inc.
J. Danielson, Alternate. Boeing
J. T. PerlUl\5, Consultant
J. E. Richardson, U.S. Department a( the Navy
M. M. Jaxhelmer, Alternate, Navy Crane Center
D. W. Ritchie, David Ritchie Consultan t, LlC
J. D. Wlethom, Alternate, Haag Engineering Co.
J. W. Rowland Ill, Consultant
J. C. Ryan, Boh Brothers Construction Co.
A. R, Ruud, Alternate, Alklnso11 Construction
O. Sayenga, The Cardon Management Group
J. A. GJ!Mrt, Alternate, Associated Wire Rope Fabricators
D. W. Smith, Chicago Bridge and Iron Co. HSC
S. K. Rammelsburg, Alternate. Chicago Bridge and Iron Co.
W. J. Smith, Ir.. NBIS Claims and Risk Management. Inc.
J. Schoppert. IJtemate. NBIS Calms and Risk Management
R. G. Strain, Advanced Crane Technologies, llC
P. D. SWHney, General Dynamics. Electric Boat
B. M. wey, Alternate. Electric Boal
A. R. Toth, Morris Material Handling
J. D. Edmundson, Alternate. Morris Material Handling
B. E.. Weir, Jr., National Erectors Association/Norris Brothers
Co.. Inc.
J. R. Schober. Alternate. American Bridge Co.
R. C. Wild, U.S. Army Corps or Engineers
E.. B. Stewart, Alternate. U.S. Army Corps or Engineers
D. N. Wolff, National Crane/Manitowoc Crane Group
A. L Calta, Alternate. Manitowoc Crane Group
P. S. Zorich, RZP lnternallonal Ltd.
H. W. Fair, Alternate. H. Fair Associates, Inc.

vii
Copyright @ 2010 b) the American Society orM1.:chwucol Engineers.
No n:producuon muy be mode ofth1s matenal w1lhou1 wrmcn consent or ASME
 HONORARY MEMBERS
J. W. Downs, Jr., Downs Crane and Holst Co.
J. L Franks, Consultant
J. M. Kiibert, Llft·All Co., Inc.
R. W. Parry, Consultant

B30.9 SUBCOMMITTEE PERSONNEL

L D. Means, Chalf. Means Engineering and Consulting P. S. Hughes. RUD Chain
N. E. Andrew, ThyssenKrupp Steel USA. LLC M. A. Kowallck, LIQex Corp.
T. L Blanton, NACB Group, Inc. C. E. Lucas, The Crosby Group. Inc.
P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby Group. Inc.
F. P. Massaro, Bishop lifting Products. Inc.
D. A. Moore, Packer Engineering, Inc.
P. Cooke, Columbus McKinnon
M. G. Neuzil, Six Aags
D. R. Decktf', Information Design, Inc R. M. Pilmell, Wire Rope Rigging Consultants/Industrial Training
C. Domino, Naval Weapons Station Earte lntematlonal, Inc.
M. J, Gelsky, Urt It Manufacturing Co.. Inc. D. A. Richards, Southwest Ocean Service, Inc.
J. A. Gilbert, Associated Wire Rope Fabricators B. D. Todd, Campbell Chain
S. R.• Gridley, Navy Crane Center W. T. Hargrove, Alternate, QlnetlQ Nonh America

viii
Copynght ~ 2010 by lhe Americnn Society of Mechanical 1-'ngrneo!TS ~
No n:producuon mny be made ofthts motcnal without ''T1ttcn consent of ASME ~
 0
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SAFETY STANDARD FOR CABLEWAYS, CRANES, DERRICKS, HOISTS, !"'

HOOKS, JACKS, AND SLINGS ..s.
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830 STANDARD INTRODUCTION (10)
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SECTION I: SCOPE 830.23 Personnel Lifting Systems

-
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Ill

The ASME B30 Standard contains p rovisions that

B30.24 Container Cranes i
apply to the construction, installation, operation, inspec-
tion, testing, maintenance, and use of cranes and other
B30.25
B30.26
Scrap and Material Handlers
Rigging Hardware
-
~

C/l
:r
Cl
ljfting and material-handling related equipment. For the 830.27 Material Placement Systems Ci'
830.28 Balance Lifting Units c
convenience of the reader, the Standard has been divided
830.29 Self-Erecting Tower Cranes 1 ~
into separate volumes. Each volume has been written
under the direction of the ASME B30 Standards s
:J
Committee and has successfully completed a consensus ;
approval process under the general auspices of the SECTION II: SCOPE EXCLUSIONS 0
:J
~
American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The B30 Standard does not apply to track and automo-
As of the date of issuance of this Volume, the &>
tive jacks, railway or automobile wrecking cranes, ship- ~
1330 Standard comprises the following volumes: board cranes, s hipboard cargo-handling equipment, :J
ID
QI
B30.1 Jacks, Industrial Rollers, Air Casters, and well-drilling derricks, skip hoists, mine hoists, truck :J
Q.

Hydraulic Gantries body hoists, car or barge pullers, conveyors, excavating z

830.2 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running
Bridge, Single or Multiple Girder, Top
equipment, or equipment covered under the scope of
the following standards: AlO, A17, A90, A92, A120, 820.
B56, and B77.
!
5'

B30.3
Rwming Trolley Hoist)
Tower Cranes
...a
ID

~
B30.4 Portal and Pedestal Cranes §'.
SECTION Ill: PURPOSE
B30.5 Mobile and Locomotive Cranes &
B30.6 Derricks The 830 Standard is intended to Q
830.7 Base-Mounted Drum Hoists (11) prevent or minimize injury to workers. and other- 5g-
B30.8 Floating Cranes and Floating Derricks wise provide for the protection of life, limb, and property jjj
B30.9 Slings by prescribing safety requirements
Q.
a
B30.10 Hooks (b) provide direction to manufacturers, owners,
'<
-4
~
830.11 Monorails and Underhung Cranes employers, users, and others concerned with, or respon- 0
830.12 Handling Loads Suspended From Rotorcraft 3
sible for, its application ~
830.13 Storage/Retrieval (S/R) Machines and :J
(c) guide governments and other regulatory bodies Cll
Associated Equipment Q.
in the development, promulgation, and enforcement of Q
830.14 Side Boom Tractors ;!.
:;,
appropriate safety directives
830.15 Mobile HydrauHc Cranes 0

(withdrawn 1982 - requirements found in 5'

!'I
latest revision or B30.5) SECTION IV: USE BY REGULATORY AGENCIES
B30.16
B30.17
Overhead Hoists (Underhung) i
...~
Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running These Volumes may be adopted in whole or in part
Bridge, Single Girder, Underhung Hoist) for governmental or regulatory use. ff adop ted for gov-
B30.18 Stacker Cranes (Top or Under Running
Bridge, Multiple Girder With Top or Under
ernmental use, the references to other national codes
and standards in the specific volumes may be changed
i8
Running Trolley Hoist) to refer to the corresponding regulations of the govern- 3
B30.l9 Cableways mental authorities.
B3020 Below-the-Hook Lilting Devices
830.2] Manually Lever-Operated Hoists
1
B30.22 Articulating Boom Cranes This Volume is currently in the development process.

ix
Copyright © 20 I 0 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
No reproduction may be made oflhis 111u1erml without written consent of ASME.
SECTION V: EFFECTIVE DATE
(n) Effective Onie. The effective date of this Volume of
the 630 Standard shall be 1 yr after its date of issuance.
Construction, installation, inspection, testing, mainte-
nance, and operation of equipment manufactured and
facilities constructed after lhe effective date of this
Volume shall conform to the mandatory requirements
of this Volume.
(b) Exisfi11g lllstnllntio11s. Equipment manufactured
and facilities constructed prior to the effective date of
this Volume of the 830 Standard shall be subject to the
inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation require-
ments of this Standard after the effective date.
It is not the intent of this Volume of the B30 Standard
to require retrofitting of existing equipment. However,
when an item is being modified, its performance require-
ments shall be reviewed relative to the requirements
withm the current volume. The need to meet the current
requirements shall be evaluated by a qualified person
selected by the owner (user). Recommended changes
shall be made by the owner (user) within 1 yr.
SECTION VI: REQUIREMENTS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Requirements of this Standard are characterized by
use of the word slwll. Recommendations of this Standard
are characterized by the word should.
SECTION VII: USE OF MEASUREMENT UNITS
This Standard contains SI (metric) units as well as
U.S. Customary units . The values stated in U.S.
Customary units are to be regarded as the standard.
The ST units are a direct (soft) conversion from the U.S.
Customary units.
SECTION VIII: REQUESTS FOR REVISION
The 630 Standards Committee will consider requests
fo r revision of any of the volumes within the 830
Standard. Such reqltests should be directed to
Secretary, 830 Standards Committee
ASME Codes and Standards
Three Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5990
Requests should be in the following format:
Volume: Cite the designation and title of the
volume.
Edition: O te the applicable edition of the volume.
Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s)
and the relevant heading(s).
Request: Indicate the suggested revision.
x
Copyright © 20 lO by the Amencan Soc1c1y ofMechamcal Engrneers
No reproduction ma) be made of Lb is material without written consent of ASME. ~
Rationale: State the rationale for the suggested
revision.
Upon receipt by the Secretary, the request wiU be
forwarded to the relevant 830 Subcommittee for consid-
eration and action. Correspondence will be provided to
the requester defining the actions undertaken by the
830 Standards Committee.
SECTION IX: REQUESTS FOR INTERPRETATION
The B30 Standards Committee will render an interpre-
ta tion of the provisions of the 830 Standard . Such
requests should be directed to
Secretary, B30 Standards Committee
ASME Codes and Standards
Three Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5990
Requests should be in the following format:
Volume: Cite the designation and title of the
volume.
Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the volume.
Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s)
and the relevant heading(s).
Question: Phrase the question as a request for an
interpretation of a specific provision suit-
able for general understanding and use,
not as a request for app roval of a proprie-
tary design or s ituation. Plans or draw-
ings that explain the question may be
submitted to clarify the question. How-
ever, they should not contain any proprie-
tary names or information.
Upon receipt by the Secretary, the request wilJ be
forwarded to the relevant 830 Subcommittee for a draft
response, which will then be subject to approval by the
830 Standards Committee prior to its forma l issuance.
Interpretations to the B30 Standard will be published
in the subsequent edition of the respective volume, and
will be available online at http:/ / cstools.asme.org.
SECTION X: ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE
The equipment covered by the 830 Standard is subject
to hazards that cannot be abated by mechanical means,
but only by the exercise of intelligence, care, and com-
mon sense. It is therefore essential to have personnel
involved in the use and operation of equipment who
are competent, careful, physically and mentally quali-
fied, and trained in the proper operation of the equip-
ment and the handling of loads. Serious hazards include,
but are not limited to, improper or inadequate mainte-
nance, overloading, dropping or slipping of the load,
~
obstructing the free passage of the load, and using equip-
ment for a purpose for which it wns not intended or
designed.
The 830 Standards Committee fuUy reallies the
Lmportanre of proper design foctors, minimum or maxi-
mum dimensions, and other limiting criteria of wire
rope or chain and their fastenings, sheaves, sprockets,
drums, and similar equipment covered by the standard,
all of whtch are closely connected with safety. Sizes,
strengths, and similar criteria are dependent on many
different factors, often va rying with the installation and
uses. These factors depend on
(a) the condition of the equipment or material
(b) the loads
(c) the acceleration or speed of the ropes, chains,
sheaves, sprockets, or drums
(d) the type of attachments
(c) the number, st.ZC, and arrangement of sheaves or
other parts
<fJ environmental conditions causing corrosion or
wear
(gJ many variables that must be considered in each
individual case
The requirements and recommendations provided in
the volumes must be interpreted accordingly, and judg-
ment used in determining their application.

(/I

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xl
Copynght @2010 by the Amcncon Society of Mechanical Engin<Xrs Clh
No rcproducllon may be made ofth1s motenol without \~nnen consent or ASMC. ~
 ASME 830.9-2010
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Following npprovnl by the ASME 630 Co mmittee and ASME, and arte r public review,
AS M E 630.9-20 10 was approved by the American National Standards Institut e on
November 16, 2010.

ASME 630.9-2010 includes editorial changes, revisions, and corrections identified by a margin
note, (10)

Page Location Chn11ge

vi Foreword Revised
ix-xi Introduction Revised
1-3 Section 9-0.2 (1) Definition or splice, lm11d tucked (wire
rope n11d sy11thetic rope) and splice,
turnbnck (return loop} revised
(2) Definition of splice (web slmgJ and
assembly splice (web sling) deleted
Section 9-0.3 Updated
4 9-15.1 Revised
9-1.5.3 Revised
7 9-1.5.4 Revised
9-1.7.1 Subparagraph (e) revised
9, 10 9-1.9.5 Subparagraph (d) revised
12 9-2.3.1 Revised
13, 14 9-2.5.1 Revised
9-2.5.3 Revised
9-2.5.4 Revised
9-2.6.1 Subparagraph (a) revised
15 Table 9-2.51-1 Table and Note (d) revised
16 Table 9-2.5.2-2 Table and Note (c} revised
17 Table 9-2.5.2-3 Table and ~ote (d) revised
18 Table 9-25.2-4 Note (c) revised
19 Table 9-25.2-5 Note (d) revised
20 Table 9-2.5.2-6 Note (c) revised
24, 25 9-2.7.1 Subparagraph (b) revised
9-2.9.3 (1) Subparagraph (d) revised
(2) Subparagraph (e) added
9-2.9.4 Subparagraphs (b)(3) and (b)(4) revised
9-2.9.5 Subparagraphs (d) and (g) revised

xii
Copyrigh1 e1010 by lhe Americon Socie1y orMcchw1ic11I 1-ngmeers. ~
No reproducuon may be made ofth1s maLenal w11hou1 wriucn consent of ASML ~
 n
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Page Location Clumge g
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27 9-35.4 Revised l
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30 9-3.7.1 Subparagraph (b) revised ..
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32 9-t21 Subparagraph (a) revised ::r
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33 9-45.1 Revised

Revised
i0
9-4.5.3
...
::>

41"
Revised
39 9-4.5.4
•1,3:
9-4.7.1 Subparagraph (c) revised
...
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40 9-4.9.3 (1) Subparagraph (d) revised
.&
(2) Subparagraph (c) added
•
41 9-l.9.5 (I) Subparagraph (f) revised ~

43 9-5.2.S
{2) Subparagraph (g) added

Revised
rg
-<
9-5.5.l Revised
&>
44 Fig. 17 Revised ~
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46 Table 9-5.5.2-1 General Notes revised
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Revised
9"5.5.3

9-5.5.4 RcvJSCd
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47 Table 9-5.5.2-2 General Notes revised ~
g
Table 9-55.2-3 Table and General Notes revised !.
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48 Table 9-5.5.2-4 Table and General Notes revised S'
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Table 9-5.5.2-5 Table and General Notes revised a.
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49

so
9-5.7.1

9-5.9.3
Subparagraph (c) revised

(1) Subparagraph (d) revised

(::>
(2) Subparagraph (e) added

9-5.9.5 Subparasgraph (e) and (g) revised

~
C'

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9-5.10.l Subparagraph (r) revised ~
51 9-5.10.4 Subparagraph (m) revised I
52 9-6.5.1 Revised I
55 9-6.5.3 Revised i8
3
9-6.5.4 Revised

9-6.7.l Subparagraph (c) revised

56 Table 9-6.5.2-1 General Notes revised

xiii
Copyngh1~2010 by the American Society of Mechanical Engmccrs
No reproducuon may be made ofth1s material \~11hou1 \\Tlllcn consent of ASME ~
 Page Locntio11 Change
57, 58 Fig. 9-6.5.4-1 Revised
9-6.9.3 (1) Subparagraph (d) rcvlSCd
(2) Subparagraph (e) added
9-6.9.5 Subparagraphs (e) and (g) revised
9-6.10.1 Subparagraph (f) rcv1Sed
9-6.10.4 Subparagraphs (b) through (p)
redcsignated

SPECIAL NOTE:
The interpretations to ASME 830.9 arc included in this edition as a separate section for the user's convenience.

xiv
Copyright ~ 2010 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers ~
No reproducuon may be made ofth1s material without \mttcn consent of ASME ~
 ASME 830.9·2010
SLINGS
Chapter 9-0
Scope, Definitions, and References
SECTION 9 ·0.1 : SCOPE OF ASME 830.9
Volume B30.9 includes provisions that apply to the
fabricatfon, attachment, use, inspection, and mainte-
nance of slings used for Lifting purposes, used in con-
junction with equipment described in other volumes of
the 830 Standard, except as restricted in 830.12 and
830.23. Slings fabricated from alloy s teel chain, wire
rope. metal mesh, synthetic fiber rope, synthetic web-
bing, and synthetic fiber yams in a protective cover(s)
are addressed. Slings fabricated from other materials or
constructions other than those detailed in this Volume
shall be used only in accordance with the recommenda-
tions of the sling manufacturer or a qualified person.
(10) SECTION 9·0.2: DEFINITIONS
abnomwl operating conditions: environmental c011diti.o ns
that are unfavorable, harmful, or detrimental to or for
the operation of a sling, such as excessively high or low
ambient temperatures; exposure to weather; corrosive
fumes; dust-laden or moisture-laden atmospheres; and
hazardous locations.
abrasion: the mechanical wearing of a surface resulting
from frictional contact with other materials or objects.
n11gle of choke: angle formed in a sling body as it passes
through the choking eye or fittings.
a11gle of londillg: the acute angle between horizontal and
the leg of the rigging, often referred to as horizontal
angle.
assembly: a synonym for s ling. See sling.
n11thorized: approved by a duly constituted administra-
tive or regulatory authority.
body (sling): that part of a s llng between the eyes, end
fittings, or loop eyes.
braided wire rope: a rope formed by plaiting component
wire ropes.
braided wire rope sling: a sling made from braided rope.
bridle sling: a sling composed of multiple legs with the
top ends gathered in a fitting that goes over the lift-
ing hook..
Copyright @2010 by the American Society ofMech11nio11J Engineers.
No reproduclion may be made of I.his mall!rial without written consent of ASME. ~
0
:I
cable-laid rope: a cable composed of six wire ropes laid
as strands around a wire rope core.
cable-laid rope sling. medtanical joint: a wire rope s ling
made from a cable-Laid wire rope with eyes fabricated
by swaging one of more metal sleeves over the rope
junction.
component: see fittiug.
cross rod: a wire used to join spirals of metal mesh to
form the complete fabric.
Did ratio: Lhe ratio between the curvature taken by the
sling, D, and the diameter of the component rope, d.
design factor: .ratio between norrunal or minimum break-
ing strength and rated load of the s ling.
designated person: selected or assigned by the employer
or employer's representative as being competent to per-
form specific duties.
end fiHi11g: terminal hardware on the end of a s ling.
See sling.
endless aud gro111111et wire rope sl111gs
cnbfe·lnid endless sling, 111eclumical joint: a wire rope sling
made endless from one continuous length of cable laid
rope with the ends joined by one o r more metallic
fittings.
cnble-laid grommet, lland-t11cked: an endless wire rope
sling made from one continuous length of rope formed
to make a body composed of six ropes around a rope
core. The rope ends are tucked into the body, thus form-
ing the core. No s leeves are used.
strand-laid endless sling. mechnnical joint: a wire rope
sling from one continuous length of wi re rope with the
ends joined by one or more metallic fittings.
strand-laid gro111111et, lln11d-t11cked: an endless wire rope
sling made from one continuous length of strand formed
lo make a six-stra11d rope with a strand core. The strand
ends are hand tucked into the body. No sleeves are used.
eye opening: the opening in the end of a sling for the
attachment of Lhe hook, shackle, or other lifting device
or the load itself.
d&i
 ASME 830.9·2010
fabric (metal meslt): the Oexlble portion of the sling exclu-
sive of end fittings consisting of a series of transverse
spirals and cross rods.
fabric length (metal mesll): the distance of metal mesh
between the end fittings.
fabric thickness (metal mesh): the nominal overall thickness
of the spirals.
fabrication efficie11cy: the sling assembly strength, as a
percentage of the material strength prior to fabrication.
fitting: hardware on the end of a sling.
grommet sling: a variety of an endless sling.
hitch, bnskel: a method of rigging a sling in which the
sling is passed around the load and both loop eyes or
end fittings are attached to the lifting device.
hitch, choker: a method of rigging a sling in which the
sling is passed around the load, then through one loop
eye, end fitting, or othC!r device, with the other loop eye
or end fitting attached to the lifting device. This hitch
can be done with a sliding choker hook or similar device.
hitch (hitched): a method of rigging (attaching) a sling
temporarily to a load or object for the purpose of lifting.
/iitch, vertic:al: a method of rigging a sling in which the
load is attached to the loop eye or end fitting at one
end of the sling and the loop eye or end fitting at the
other end is attaehed to the lifting deviee. Any hiteh
less than 5 deg from the vertical may be considered a
vertical hitch.
l1ori2011tal nngle: the acute angle between the horizontal
plane and the leg of the rigging, also known as the angle
of loading.
length, sli11g: the distance between the extreme beacing
points of the sling.
m111liplc-leg wire rope slings: same as sling length above,
except the gathering ring, master link, or similar fitting
is not included in the length dimension.
single-leg sli11gs witll end filti11gs: measured from pull
to pull of end fittings or eyes.
single-leg slings without endfit tings: measured from pull
to pull or from bearing to bearing of eyes.
fi11k, master: forged or welded steel link used to support
all members (legs) of an aJJoy steel chain or wire rope
sling.
link, master co11pli11g: alloy steel welded coupling link
used as an intermediate link to join alloy steel chain to
master links.
link, meclznnical co11pli11g (alloy steel chain): a nonwclded,
mechanically dosed link used primarily to attach fittings
to alloy steel chain.
loop eye (web sli11gJ: a length of webbing that has been
folded back upon itself, forming an opening, and joined
to the sling body to form a bearing surface.
2
Copyright ~ 2010 by I.he American Society of Mechanical Eogine~rs.
No reproducuon may be ntllde of1h1s material without wriuen consent of ASME. ~
ply: a layer of load bearing webbing used in a web sling
assembly.
proof fond: the specific load applied 111 pe.rformance of
the proof tests.
proof lest: a nondestructive load test made to a specific
multiple of the rated load of the sling.
qualified person: a person who, by possession of a recog-
nized degree or certificate of professfonal standing in
an applicable field, or who, by extensive knowledge,
training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated
the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the
subject matter and work.
rated load: the maximum allowable woTking load estab-
Hshed by the sling manufacturer. The terms " rated
capacity" and "working load limit" are commonly used
to describe rated load.
read1 (alloy steel chai11): see length, sling.
selvage edge: the woven or knitted edge of synthetic web-
bing so formed as to prevent raveling.
shock land: any condition of rapid lift, sudden shifting
of load, or arrest of a falling load.
sling: an assembly to be used for lifting when connected
to a lifting mechanism. The upper portion of the sling
is connected to the lifting mechanism and the lower
supports the load, as described in this Volume.
sling body: see /xJdy (sling).
sling 111an11fact11rar (fabricator): a person or company
assembling or fabricating sling components into their
Anal form. The sling manufacturer and the manufacturer
of the sling material may or may not be identical.
sling service
normal: servi.ce that involves use of loads within the
rated load.
severe: service that involves normal service coupled
with abnormal operating conditions.
special or i11frequmt: service that involves operation,
other than normal or severe, which is approved by a
qualified person.
socket, poured: fitting into which a wire rope can be
inserted and then permanently attached by filling the
cavity into which the wire rope was inserted with special
molten metal or resin materials. This method rcqwres
special fittings, materials, techniques, and equipment to
produce an end termination to meet the requirements
of this Volume.
socket, swaged: fitting lnto which a wire rope can be
inserted and then permanently attached by mechanical
compression applied to the shank that enclosed the rope.
This method requires special fittings and equipment to
produce an end termination to meet the requirements
of this Volume.
&
 ASME 830.9·2010
spiral: a single transverse coil that is the basi.c element
from which metal mesh is fabricated.
splice, jlemislr eye (wire rope): mechanical splice formed
by opening the rope up in a specific manner and
reforming it to create a loop or eye. A metal sleeve is
s lipped over the ends of the splice and mechanically
compressed to secure the ends. This method requires
special fittings, techniques, and equipment to produce
an end termination to meet the requirements of this
Volume.
splice, linnd hicked (wire rope and synlllelic rope): a loop or
eye formed in the end of a rope by tucking the ends of
the strands back into the main body of the rope in a
prescribed manner.
splice load bearing (web sling): that part of a s ling that is
Lapped and secured to become an integral load bearing
part of the sling.
splice, mechanical (wire rope): swaging one or more metal
s leeves over the wire rope to form a loop or eye.
splice, t1m1back (reltm1 loop): mechanical splice in which
the rope is looped back on itsel f and secured with one
or more metal sleeves. This method requires special fit-
tings, techniques, and equipment to produce an end
termination to meet the requirements of this Volume.
strand laid rope: a wire rope made with strands (usually
six to eight) formed around a fiber core, wire strand
core, o r independent wire rope core (IWRC).
strength (wire rope and str11ct11ral strand), mi11i11111111 break-
ing: load at which a new and unused wire rope or struc-
tural strand could be expected to break when loaded to
destruction in direct tension.
triangle d1oker fitting: an end fitting for metal mesh or
synthetic web slings; similar to the triangle fitting, except
that it also has a transverse s lot through which a triangle
fitting can be passed to facilitate a choker hitch on
the load.
lriaugle fitting: an end fitting for metal mesh or synthetic
web slings. containing a single eye opening for connect-
ing the sling to the lifting device.
yam: a generic term for a continuous strand of fibers.
(to) SECTION 9·0.3: REFERENCES
Within the text, references are made to the following
publications, copies of which may be obtained from the
publishers indicated.
ASME 830.10-1999, Hooks
ASME B30.l2-1992, Handling Loads Suspended From
Rotorcraft
ASME B30.20-2010, Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices
ASME 830.23-2005, Personnel Lifting Systems
ASME B30.26-2004, Rigging Hardware
3
Copynght ~ 2010 by the Amencnn Society of Mechanical Engineers.
No n:production may be made of this material wit11out wriuen consent of ASME. ~
Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME}, Three Park Avenue, New York,
NY 10016-5990; Order Department: 22 Law Drive,
P.O. Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900
(www.asme.org)
ASTM A 391 I A 391M-01, Standard Specification for
Grade 80 Alloy Steel Chain
ASTM A 586-98, Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated
Parallel and Helical Steel Wire Structural Strand and
Zinc-Coated Wt.re for Spun-in-Place Structural Strand
ASTM A 906/ A 906M-02, Standard Specification for
Grade 80 and Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain Slings for
Overhead Lifting
ASTM A 952/ A 952M-02, Standard Specification for
Forged Grade 80 and Grade 100 Steel Lifting
Components and Welded Attached Links
ASTM A 973/ A 973M-01 , Standard Specification for
Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain
ASTM A 1023/A 1023M-02, Standard Specification for
Stranded Carbon Steel Wire Ropes for General
Purposes
Publisher: American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM lntemational), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box
C700. West Conshohocken. PA 19428-2959
(www.astm.org)
0 1303-96, Nylon (Polyamide) Fiber Rope, 3-Strand and
8-Stnnd Construction
Cl 1304-96, Polyester (PET) Fiber Rope, 3-Strand and
8-Strand Construction
Cl 1305-96, Single Braided Polyester Fiber Rope,
12-Strand Braid Construction
0 1306-96, Nylon (Polyamide) Fiber Rope, Double Braid
Construction
0 1307-96, Polyester (PE1) Fiber Rope, Double Braid
Construction
Publisher: The Cordage Institute (0), 994 Old Eagle
School Road, Wayne, PA 19087 (www.ropecord.com)
WRTB Wire Rope Sling Users Manual, 3rd Edition
Publisher: Wire Rope Technical Board (WRTB), 44 South
Carriage Drive, St. Joseph, MO 64506-1233
(www.domesticwirerope.org/ wrtb/index.htmJ)
WSTDA-RS-1, Recommended Standard Specification for
Synthetic Polyester Roundslings
WSTDA-TH-1, Recommended Standard Specification
for Synthetic Thread
WSTDA-UV-Sling-2003, Summary Report UV
Degradation
WSTDA-WB-1, Recommended Standard Specification
for Synthetic Webbing for Slings
WSTDA-WS-1, Recommended Standard Specification
for Synthetic Web Slings
Publisher: Web Sling & Tie Down Association (WSTDA),
2105 Laurel Bush Road, Bel Ai r, MD 21015
(www.wstda.com/indcx.shtml)
&
 ASME 830.9·2010
Chapter 9-1
Alloy Steel Chain Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance
SECTION 9·1.0: SCOPE
Chapter 9-1 includes provisions that apply to alloy
steel chain slings (see Fig. 9-1.0-1).
SECTION 9·1.1: TRAINING
Alloy steel chain sling users shall be trained in the
selection, inspection, cautions to personnel, effects of
environment, and rigging practices as covered by this
Chapter.
SECTION 9· 1.2: MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS
9-1.2.1 Alloy Chain
The alloy steel chain shall be manufactured and tested
in accordance w ith ASTM A 391/ A 391M for Grade 80
chain and ASTM A 973/ A 973M for Grade 100 chain.
9-1.2.2 Components
(a) Components for alloy steel chain slings s hall be
manufactured and tested in accordance wilh
ASTM A 952/ A 952M.
(b) Makeshift fasteners, hooks, o r links formed from
bolts, rods, or other such components shall not be used.
(c) Where used, handles shall be welded to the master
link or hook prior to heat treating according to the rec-
ommendations of the sling manufacturer or a qualified
person.
(d) Hooks, when employed, shall meet the require-
ments of ASME B30.10.
(e) Rigging hardware, when employed, shall meet the
requirements of ASME B30.26.
9-1.2.3 Other Materials and Components
Chain o r components other than those listed in
paras. 9-1.2.1 and 9-1.2.2 may be employed. When s uch
materials a re employed, the sling manufacturer or a
qualified person shall provide specific data. These s lings
shall comply with a ll other requirements of this Chapte r.
SECTION 9-1.3: FABRICATION AND
CONFIGURATIONS
9-1.3.1 Fabrication
(a) Grade 80 and Grade 100 a lloy steel chain slings
shall be fabricated in accordance with ASTM A 906/
A 906M.
4
Copyright© 2010 by the American Sociccy of Mechanical Engineers.
No reproducuon may be made of th.ts matcnal wtt11out wrmen consent of ASME.
(bJ Mechanical coupling links shaU not be used within
0
the body of an a lloy chain sling to connect two pieces ::>
of chain.
9-1.3.2 Configurations
(a) Single-leg s lings and two-leg, three-leg, and four-
leg bridle slings used in vertical, choker, and basket
hitches are covered in this Chapter.
{b) Single- nnd double-basket s lings used in basket
hitches are covered in this Ouipter
(c) Other configurations may be used. When used, the
sling manufacturer or a qualified person shall provide
specific data. These slings shall comply with all other
requirements of this Chapter.
SECTION 9-1.4: DESIGN FACTOR
The design factor for aUoy s teel chain s lings shall be
a minimum of 4.
SECTION 9·1.5: RATED LOADS
The te rm working load limit is commonly used to
describe rated load.
9-1.S.1 (10)
These rated loads are based on the following factors:
(a) material strength(s)
fb) design factor
(c) type of hitch (see Fig. 9-l .0-1)
(d) angle of loading (see Fig. 9-1.0-1)
NOTE: Rated loads for basket hitches and bridle slings Me baS<.-'d
on symmctncal loading. See para. 9-1.10.l{d) for nonsymmetrical
loading.
9·1.5.2
Tables 9-1.5.2-1 and 9-1.5.2-2 show rated loads for
s ingle-leg vertical, basket hitches, and bridle slings for
specific grades of chain. For angles other than those
shown in these tables, use the rated load for the next
lower angle, or a qualified person shall calculate the
rated load.
9-1.5.3 (10)
Horizontal s ling angles less than 30 deg shall not be
used except as recommended by the sling manufacturer
o r a qualified person (see Fig. 9-1.0-1).
 ASME 830.9·2010

Fig. 9·1 .0·1 Alloy Steel Chain Slings: Configurations, Components, and Hitche.s
Upper end component
Master link
(fitting)
(upper end
component/
Coupling llnk
fitting)

Chain
Length
(reach)

Coupling link
Coupllng llnk

lower end component

lfittingl
Lower end components
(fittings)
ta) Quadruple-Leg Bridle Sling Components (bl Single-Leg Sling Components

le) Single-Basket Sling (d) Multiple-Leg Bridle Sling Hitch (el Single-Leg Choker Hitch
and Hitch

5
Copyright © 2010 by 1he Amencnn Socie1y ofMcchruucol Engineer&. ~
No rcproduc11on may be made of1.his material without wntten consent or ASME. ~
 ASME B30.9·2010

Table 9-1.5.2-1 Rated Load for Grade 80 Alloy Steel Chain Slings - Vertical, Basket, and Bridle Hitches
Double·Leg Bridle Slings. Triple· and Quadruple-Leg Bridle Slings,
Single-Leg Double-Basket Slings
Vertie.al Single-Basket Slings

0 ~ If\
Slings

<J\j
Nominal
Chain Size
I A
90 60 45
Horizontal Angle, deg (Note (1))
30 60 45 30
In. mm lb lb lb lb lb lb lb

~7 5.5 2.100 3.600 3,000 2,100 5,500 4,400 3.200

~"
y,6
7
8
3.500
4,500
6,100
7,800
4,900
6,400
3.500
4,500
9.100
11,700
7.400
9,500
5,200
6,800
Ya 10 7,100 12.300 10,000 7,100 18.400 15,100 10,600
Yi 13 12.000 20.800 17.000 12.000 31,200 25.500 18,000

% 16 18,100 31,300 25,600 18,100 47,000 38,400 27,100

~ 20 28,300 49,000 40,000 28,300 73,500 60,000 42,400
1ls 22 34. 200 59.200 48,400 34,200 88,900 72.500 51,300
1 26 47.700 82,600 67.400 47,700 123,900 101,200 71.500
11;. 32 72,300 125,200 102.200 72,300 187,800 153.400 108,400

NOTE:
(1) The horizontal angle Is the angle formed between lhe Inclined leg and the horizontal plane or lhe toad (see Fig. 9·1.0·l,
ill ustration (d)J .

Table 9-1.5.2·2 Rated load for Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain Stings - Vertie.at, Basket, and Bridle
Hitches
Triple- and Quadruple-Leg Bridle Slings.

If\ ~
Single-Leg

0
Double-Leg Bridle Slings, Oouble-Basket Stings
Vertical

}(~'"''~ ~
Stings

Nominal
Chain Size
I
90 60 45
Horizontal Angle, deg (Note (l )J
30 60 45 30
in. mm lb lb lb lb lb lb lb

~2 5.5 2,700 4,700 3,800 2,700 7,000 5,700 4,000

%1 7 4.300 7,400 6,100 4,300 11.200 9.100 6.400
Y16 8 5,700 9.900 8,100 5,700 14,800 12,100 8,500 s;
~. 10 8,800 15,200 12,400 8,800 22,900 18,700 13,200
..g.
%
111
16
13 15,000
22,600
26,000
39,100
21.200
32,000
15,000
22,600
39.000
58,700
31.800
47 ,900
22,500
33.900
Is
'l'. 20 35,300 61,100 49,900 35.300 91,700 74.900 53,000 3
'la 22 42,700 74,000 60,400 42,700 110,900 90,600 64,000

NOTE:
(l) The horizontal angle Is the angle formed between the Inclined leg and the horizontal plane or Lhe load [see Ag. 9-1.0· 1,
illustration (d)).

6
Copyright © 2010 by lht American Society of Mechanical Engineers ~
No reproduction ma) be mode of this material without wnuea conscnl of J\SME. ~
 ASM E 83 0.9-201 0
(10) 9·1.5.4
Tables 9-1 .5.4-1 and 9-1.5.4-2 show rated loads for
choker hitches for specific grades of chain, provided that
the angle of choke is 120 deg o r greater [see
Fig. 9-1.0-1, illustration (e)).For angles other than those
shown in these tables, use the rated load for the next
lower angle, or a qualified person shall calculate the
rated load.
9·1.5.5
Rated loads for angles of choke less than 120 deg shall
be determined by the sling manufacturer, o r a qualified
person.
9·1.5.6
Other materials and configurations not covered by
this Chapter shall be rated in accordance with the recom·
mendation of the sling manufacturer o r a qualified per-
son, and shall conform to a!J other provisions of this
Chapter.
9·1.5.7
When components of the s ling have a lower rated
load than the alloy chain with which it is being used,
the s ling shall be identified with a rated load consistent
with the lowest load rating of any of the components.
SECTION 9-1.6: PROOF TEST REQUIREMENTS
9·1.6.1 General
Prior to initial use, all new and repaired chain and
components of an a lloy steel chain sling, either
indjvidua Uy or as an assembly, shall be proof tested by
the sling manufacturer or a q ualified person.
9-1.6.2 Proof Load Requirements
(11) For single- or multiple-leg s lings, each leg shall
be proof loaded to a minimum of 2 times the single leg
vertical hitch rated load.
(b) The proof load for components attached to single
legs shall be a minimum of 2 times the single-leg vertical
hitch rated load.
(c) Master links for double-leg brid le slings, single-
basket slings, and master coupling links connected to
two legs shall be proof loaded to a minimum of 4 times
the single-leg vertical hitch rated load.
(d) Master links for triple- and quadruple-leg brid le
slings and double basket bridle s lings shall be proof
loaded to a minimum of 6 times the single leg vertical
hitch rated load.
SECTION 9-1.7: SLING IDENTIFICATION
(to) 9-1.7.1 Identification Requirements
Each sling shall be marked to show
(11) name or trademark of manufacturer
7
Copyright © 2010 by tbe American Society ofMcchwiical Engineers
No reproduction may be made oftlus material without written consent of ASME
(b) grade
(c) nominal chai n size
(d) number of legs
(e) rated loads for at least one hitch type and the angle
upon which it is based
(/) length (reach)
(g) individual sling identification (e.g., serial
numbers)
9-1.7.2 Initial Sling Identification
Sling identification sha ll be done by the s ling
manufacturer.
9·1.7.3 Maintenance of Sling Identification
Sling Identification should be maintained by the user
so as to be legible during the life of the sling.
9-1.7 .4 Replacement of Sling Identification
Replacement of the sling identification shall be consid-
ered a repai r as specified in paras. 9-1.9.5(a) and (b).
Additional proof testing is not required.
SECTION 9-1 .8: EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT
9-1.8.1 Temperature
Extreme temperatures w ilJ reduce the performance of
alloy steel chain slings. The s ling manufacturer s hould
be consulted when the s lings are to be used in tempera-
tures of-40°F (-40°C) or below. Gwdance for rated load
reductions for Grade 80 and Grade 100 alloy chain s lings
used at o r after exposure to temperatures above 400°F
(205°C) is given in Table 9-1.8.1-1.
9-1.8.2 Chemically Active Environments
The strength of alloy steel chain slings can be
degraded by chemica Uy active environments. This
includes exposure to chemicals in the form of solids,
liquids, gases, vapors, o r fumes. The sling manufacturer
or q ualified person should be consulted before slings
are used in chemically active environments.
SECTION 9-1.9: INSPECTION, REMOVAL, AND
REPAIR
9-1.9.1 Initial Inspection
Prior to use, aJJ new, altered, modified, o r repaired
slings shall be inspected by a designa ted person to verify
compliance with the app licable p rovisions of this
Chapter.
9-1.9.2 Frequent Inspection
(11) A visual inspection for damage shall be performed
by the user o r other designated person each day or shift
the sling is used.
 ASME 830.9·2010

Table 9-1 .5.4-1 Rated Load for Grade 80 Alloy Steel Chain Slings - Choker Hitches
Triple- and Quadruple·Leg Bridle Slfngs
Single-Leg Double-Leg Bridle Slings
Vertical
Sllngs

Nominal Horizontal Angle., deg [Note (1))

Chain Size 90 60 45 30 60 45 30
In. mm lb lb lb lb lb lb lb
1
61
9
5.5 1.700 2.900 2.400 1.700 4.400 3.500 2,600
h1 7 2,800 5.000 3.900 2,800 7,300 5.900 4.200
%6 8 3.600 6,200 5,100 3,600 9,300 7,600 5.400
Va 10 5.700 9.800 8,000 5,700 14,700 12.100 8,500
Yz 13 9.600 16.600 13.600 9.600 25,000 20,400 14,400
~ 16 14,500 25,000 20,500 14,500 37,600 30.700 21,700
~ 20 22,600 39.200 32.000 22,600 58,800 48,000 33,900
1
/a 22 27.400 47.400 38.700 27.400 71.100 58,000 41,000
1 26 38,200 66,100 53.900 38.200 99,100 81,000 57.200
t v. 32 57.800 100.200 81 ,800 57.800 150.200 122,700 86,700

GENERAL NOTE: Rated loads are for angles of choke greater than 120 deg [see Ag. 9-1.0-1, lllllstratfon (e) and para. 9·1.5.5).
NOTE:
(1) The horizontal angle Is the angle formed between the Inclined leg and the horizontal plane of the load (see Ag. 9-1.0-1,
Illustration (d)).

Table 9-1.5.4-2 Rated Load for Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain Slings - Choker Hitches
Triple- and Quadruple-leg Bridle Slings
Single-leg Double-leg Bridle Stings
Vertical
Slings

Horlzontal Angle. deg [Note (l )J

Nominal
Chai n Size 90 60 45 30 60 45 30
In. mm lb lb lb lb lb lb lb

'lJ1 5.5 2,100 3,600 3,000 2.100 5,500 4,400 3,200

%1 7 3,500 6,100 4,900 3.500 9,100 7,1100 5.200
Yi, 8 4.500 7,800 6,400 4.500 11.700 9.500 6.800
% 10 7,100 12,300 10,000 7,100 18,400 15,100 10,600

~ 13 12.000 20,800 17,000 12,000 31.200 25.500 18,000

% 16 18,100 31,300 25,600 18,100 47.000 38.400 27.100
Y. 20 28,300 49,000 40,000 28,300 71.500 60.000 42,1100
'la 22 34.200 59,200 48,400 34,200 88,900 72.500 51,300

GENERAL NOTE: Rated loads are for angles of choke greater than 120 deg (see Fig. 9·1.0·1. illustration (e) and para . 9·1.5.5).
NOTE:
(1) The horizontal angle Is the angle formed between lhe inclined leg and the horizon tal plane of the load [see Ag. 9·1.0·l,
Illustration (d)] .

8
Copy right ~20 1 0 by the Ameri can Society ofMechamcaJ Engineers ~
No n:production ma} be made oflhis material\\ ithout written consent of ASME. ~
 ASME 830.9·2010

Table 9·1.8 .1· 1 Effect of Elevated Temperature on Rated load of Alloy

Steel Chain
Grade of Chain
Grade 80 Grade 100
Permanent Permanent
Temporary Reduction of Temporary Reduction of
Reduction of Rated load Reduction of Rated toad
Rated Load After Rated load After
Temperature
While at Exposure to While at Exposure to
•f •c Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature

Below 400 Below 204 None None None None

400 204 10% None 15% None
500 260 15% None 25% 5%
600 316 20% 5% 30% 15%
700 371 30% 10% 40% 20%
800 427 40% 15% 50% 25%
900 482 50% 20% 60% 30%
1000 538 60% 25% 70% 35%
Over 1000 Over 538 Note (1) Note (l) Note (1) Note (1)

NOTE:
(1) Remove from service.

(b) Conditions such as those listed in para. 9-1.9-4 or
any other condition that may result i.n a hazard shall
cause the sling to be removed from service. Slings shall
not be returned to service until approved by a qualified
person.
(c) Written records are not required for frequent
inspections.
9-1.9.3 Periodic Inspection
(a) A complete inspection for damage of the sling
shall be periodically performed by a designated person.
Each link and component shall be examined individu-
ally, taking care to expose and examine all surfaces
including the inner link surfaces. The s ling shall be
examined for conditions such as those listed in
para. 9-1.9.4 and a determination made as to whether
they constitute a hazard.
(b) Periodic l11speetio11 Freq11e11cy. Periodic inspection
intervals shall not exceed l yr. The frequency of periodic
inspections should be based on
(1) frequency of sling use
(2) severity of service conditions
(3) nature of Lifts being made
(4) experience gained on the service li fe of slings
used in similar circumstances
(c) Guidelines for the time intervals are
(1) normal service-yearly
(2) severe service - monthly to quarterly
(3) special service - as recommended by a quali-
fied person
(d) A w ritten record of the most recent periodic
inspection shall be maintained and shall include the
condition of the sling.
9·1.9.4 Removal Criteria
An alloy steel chain sling shall be removed from ser-
vice if conditions such as the following are present:
(n) miss ing or illegible sling identification (see
Section 9-1.7).
(b) cracks or breaks.
(c) excessive wear, nicks, or gouges. Minimum thick-
ness on chain links shall not be bclow the values Listed
in Tabl.e 9-1.9.4-1.
(d) stretched chain !in.ks or components.
(e) bent, twis ted, or deformed chain links or
components.
(/) evidence of heat damage.
(g) excessive pitting or corrosion.
(II) lack of ability of chain or components to hinge
(articulate) freely.
(i) weld splatter.
(j) for hooks, removal criteria as stated in
ASME 830.10.
(k) for rigging hardware, removal criteria as stated in
ASME 830.26.
(I) other conditions, including visible damage, that
cause doubt as to the continued use of the sling.
9-1.9.5 Repair (to)
(n} Slings shall be repaired only by lhe sling manufac-
turer or a qualified person.
(b) A repaired sling shall be marked to identify the
repairing agency per Section 9-l.7.
(c) Chain and components used for sling repair shall
comply with the provisions of this Chapter.

9
Copyright ~ 2010 by the Amerscan Society ofMechwiical Engineers t2>.:i
No reproduction ma) be made oftlus material without wrillen oonscm of ASME ~
 ASME 830.9·2010

Table 9·1.9.4·1 Minimum Allowable Thickness

at Any Point on a Link
Minimum Allowable
Nominal Chain or Thickness at Any Point on 0
Coupling Link Size the Link
s::
(I)
::r
<
in. mm In. mm iii
::r
0
~l
%1
x6
5.5
7
8
0.189
0.239
0.273
4.80
6.07
6.93
.
c
a
:!
% 10 0.3'42 8.69
g
lh 13 0.443 11.26
% 16 0.5t.6 13.87
~ 20 0.687 17.45
'la 22 0.750 19.05
1 26 0.887 22.53
11;. 32 1.091 27.71

(d) Repair of hooks (ASME 830.10), rigging hardware
(ASME 830.26), below-the-hook Lifting devices
(ASME 830.20), or other special devices shall comply
with the repair instructions in the applicable voh.m1es.
(e) Cracked, broken, or bent chain links or compo-
nents other than hooks shaU not be repaired; they shaJI
be replaced.
(/) MechanicaJ coupling links shalJ not be used within
the body of an alloy chain s ling to connect two pieces
of chain.
(g ) Modifications or alterations to the sling or compo-
nents shall be considered as repairs and shall conform
to all other provisions of this Chapter.
(/r) All repairs shall comply with the proof test
requirements of Section 9-1.6.
SECTION 9·1.10: OPERATING PRACTICES
9-1.10.1 Sling Selection
(a) Slings that appear to be damaged shall not be
used unJess inspected and accepted as usable under
Section 9-1.9.
(b) Slings having suitable characteristics for the type
of load, hitch, and environment shall be selected in accor-
dance with the requirements of Sections 9-1.5 and 9-1.8.
le) The rated load of the sling shall not be exceeded.
(d) For multiple-leg slings used with nonsymmetrical
loads, an analysis by a qualified person should be per-
formed to prevent overloading or any leg.
(e) Multiple-leg sllngs shalJ be selected according to
Table 9-1.5.2-1 or 9-1.5.2-2 when used at the specific
angles given in the tables. Operation at other angles
shall be limited to rated load of the next lower angle
given in the tables or caJculated by a qualified person.
(/) The component shall be of the proper shape and
size to ensure that it is properly seated in the hook or
lifting device.
9·1 .10.2 Cautions to Personnel
(a) AJI portions of the human body shalJ be kept from
between the sling and the load, and from between the
sling and the crane hook or hoist hook.
(b) Personnel shouJd never stand in line with or next
to the leg(s) of a sling that is under tension.
(c) PersonneJ shall not stand or pass under a sus-
pended load.
(d) Personnel shall not ride the sling.
9-1 .10.3 Effects of Environment
(a) Slings should be stored in an area where they will
not be subjected to mechanical damage, corrosive action,
moisture, extreme temperatures, or kinking (see
Section 9-1 .8).
(b) When used at or in contact with extreme tempera-
tures, the guidance provided in Section 9-1 .8 shall be
followed.
9-1.10.4 Rigging Practices
(a) Sfjngs shall be shortened or adjusted only by
methods approved by the sling manufacturer or a quaJi-
fied person.
(b) Slings shall not be shortened or lengthened by
knotting or twisting.
(c) The sling shall be hitched in a manner providing
control of the load.
(d) Slings in contact with edges, comers, or protru-
s ions should be protected with a materiaJ of sufficient
strength, thickness, and construction to prevent damage
to the sling.
(e) Shock loading should be avoided.
(j) Loads should not be rested on the sling.
(g) Slings should not be puJled from under a load
when the load is resting on the s ling.
(}1) Twisting and kinking shall be avoided.

10
Copyright @20 I0 by I.be Amen can Society of Mechnntcal Engineers. ~
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent ofASME ~
 ASME 830.9-2010

(i) During lifting, with or without load, personnel
shaJJ be alert for possible snagging.
(j) When using multiple basket or choker hitches, the
load should be rigged to prevent the sling from slipping
or sliding along the load.
(k) When using a basket hitch, the legs of the sling
should contain or support the load from the sides, above
the center of gravity, so that the load remains under
control.
(/) Slings should not be dragged on the floor or over
an abrasive surface.
(m) In a choker hitch, the choke point should only be
on the sling body, never on a fitting.
(n) Jn a choker hitch, an angle of choke less than
UO deg should not be used without reducing the rated
load (see para. 9-1.5.5).
(o) Slings shou ld not be constricted, bunched, or
pinched by the load, hook, or any fi tting.
(p) TI1e load appUed to the hook should be centered
in the base {bowl) of the hook to prevent point loading on
the hook, unless the hook is designed for point loading.

11
Copyngbt © 20 10 by the American Society of Mechanical Engmeers ~
No reproduction may be made of this material wilhoul written consent of ASME ~
 ASME 830.9·2010

Chapter 9-2
Wire Rope Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance

SECTION 9·2.0: SCOPE Ag. 9·2.0·1 Wire Rope

Chapter 9-2 includes provisions that apply to wire Core
rope slings. (See Fig. 9-2.0-1.)
I
SECTION 9·2.1: TRAINING
Wire rope sling users s hall be trained in the selection,
inspection, ca utions to personnel, effects of environ·
ment, and rigging practices as covered in this Chapter

SECTION 9·2.2: MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

9·2.2.1 Wire Rope Material
The wire rope shall be manufactured and tested in
acco rdance with ASTM A 1023/ A 1023M and One
ASTM A 586. rope
(n) Only new or unused wi re rope shall be used for lay
fabricating slings covered in this Chapter.
(b) Only regular-lay wire rope shall be used for fabri·
eating slings covered in this Chapter.
(c) Rotation-resis tant wire rope shall not be used for
fabricating s lings covered in this Chapter.
9·2.2.2 Components
(a) Components such as s leeves and sockets shall be
used in accordance with the component manufacturer's
recommendations.
(b) Hooks, w hen emplo yed, shall meet the require·
ments of ASME 630.10.
(c) Welding of handles or any o ther accessories to end (a) Wire rope dips shaJJ not be used to fabricate wire
attachments, except covers to thimbles, shall be per· rope s lings except where the application of s llngs pre-
formed prior to the assembly of the s ling. vents the use of prefabr icated slings and where the spe-
(d ) Rigging hardware, when employed, shall meet the cific application is designed by a qualified person.
requirements of ASME 630.26. (1 ) Wire rope d ips, if employed, shall be installed
9·2.2.3 Other Materials and Components and maintained in accordance with the recommenda·
tions of the clip manufacturer or a qua lified person, o r
Wire ropes and components, other than those lis ted in acco rdane with the provisions of ASME 630.26.
in paras. 9-2.2.l and 9-2.2.2, may be employed. When (2) Malleable cast iron clips shall no t be used to
s uch materials are employed, the sling manufacturer or fabricate s lings.
a qualified person shall provide specific data. These
(b) Knots shall not be used to fabricate slings.
s lings shall comply with all other requirements of this
(c) The diame ter and width of the bearing sur face of
Chapter.
the fitting can affect the s trength of the sling. The sling
manufacturer 's recommendation should be followed
SECTION 9·2.3: FABRICATION AND
when fittings are used with the sling.
CONFIGURATIONS
(d ) O ther fabrication methods not covered by this
(to) 9-2.3.1 Fabrication Chapter shall be rated in accordance with the recom-
Methods of fabrica tion include hand-tucked splicing, mendation of the sling manufactu rer or a qualified per-
turnback eye (return loop), or Ilemish eye mechanical son, and shall conform to all other provisions of this
s plicing, and poured or swaged socketing. Chapter.

12
Copyright ~ 20 I0 by I.he American Society of Mechanical Eng.incers. &
No reproducuonmay be made of this material wnhout written consent of ASME. ~
 ASME 830.9·2010

Ag. 9-2.3.2-1 Minimum Sting length

Clear length minimum 10 times the rope diameter

Ag. 9-2.3.2-2 Minimum Braided Sling length

1 braid length

Clear length minimum = 40 times

component rope diameter
I· ·I
Braided Eye-and-Eye Wire Rope Sling

9-2.3.2 Configurations 9-2.5.1 (10)

(a) Single-leg slings and two-leg, three-leg, and four-
leg bridle slings tJSed in vertical, choker, and basket
hitches are covered by this Chapter.
(/J) Slings made of rope with 6 x 19 and 6 x 36 classUi-
cation and cable laid slings shall have a minimum clear
length of rope 10 times the rope diameter between
splices, sleeves, or end fittings (see Fig. 9-2.3.2-1 ), unless
approved by a qualified person.
(c) Braided slings shall have a minimum clear length
of rope 40 times the component rope diameter between
the loops or end fittings (see Fig. 9-2.3.2-2), unless
approved by a qualified person.
(d) Grommets and endless slings shall have a mini-
mum circumferential length of 96 times the body diame-
ter of the grommet or endless sling unless approved by
a qualified person.
(e) Otherconfigurationsmaybeused. When used, the
sling manufacturer or a qualified person shall provide
specific data. These slings shall comply with all other
requirements of this Chapter.
These rated loads are based on the following factors:
(a) material strength(s)
(b) design factor
(c) type of hitch
(d) angle of loading (see Fig. 9-2.5.1-1)
(e) diameter of curvature over which the sling is used
(DI d} (see Fig. 9-2.5.1-2)
lfJ fabrication efficiency
NOTE: Rated loads for basket hitches and bndle slings nre based
on symmetrical loading. See para. 9-2.10.l(d) for nonsymmetrkal
loading.
9-2.5.2
Tables 9-2.5.2-J through 9-2.5.2-9 show rated loads for
single 1.e g vertical, choker, and basket hitches, and two-
leg, three-leg, and four-leg bridle slings for specific
grades of wire rope. For angles other than those shown
in these tables, use the rated load for the next lower
angle, or a qualified person shall calculate the rated load.
9-2.5.3 (10)

SECTION 9-2.4: DESIGN FACTOR

Horizontal sling angles less than 30 deg shall not be
used except as recommended by lhe sling manufacturer
The design factor for wire rope slings shall be a mini- or a qualified person (see Fig. 9-2.5.1-1).
mum of 5.
9-2.5.4 (10)
Tables 9-2.5.2-1, 9-2.5.2-3, 9-2.5.2-5, 9-2.5.2-7, 9-2.5.2-
SECTION 9-2.5: RATED LOAD
8, and 9-25.2-9 show rated toads for choker hitches for
The term rated capacity is commonly used to describe specific grades of wire rope, provided that the angle of
rated load. choke is 120 deg or greater (see Fig. 9-2.5.4-1). For angles

13
Copyright ® 20 I U by t.be American Society of Mechanical Engineers ~
No reproduction may be made ofllus matenal withou t wrmen consent of J\SME. ~
 ASME 830.9·2010

Fig. 9-2.5.1-1 Angte of Loading other than those shown in these tables, use the rated
load for the next lower angle, or a qualified person shall
calculate the rated load.

9-2.5.5
Rated loads for angles of choke less than 120 deg shall
be determined by using the values in Fig. 9-2.5.4-1, the
s ling manufacturer, or a qualified person.

9-2.5.6
Other materials and configurations not covered by
this Chapter shall be rated in accordance with the recom-
mendation of the sling manufach.u·er or a qualified per-
son and shall conform to all other provisions of this
Chapter.

9-2.5.7
When components of the sling have a lower rated
load than the wire rope with which it is being used, the
sling shall be identified with a rated load consistent with
the lowest load rating of any of the components.

SECTION 9-2.6 : PROOF TEST REQUIR£MENTS

9-2.6.1 General (10)
(a) Prior to initial use, all new swaged sockets, poured
sockets, turnback eyes, and mechanical joint endless
wire rope s lings shall be proof tested by the s ling manu-
facturer or a qualified person.
(b) Prior to initial use, all wire rope slings incorporat-
ing previously used or welded fittings and all repaired
s lings shall be proof tested by the s ling manufacturer
or a qualified person.
(c) All other new wire rope slings are not required to
be proof tested unless specified by the purchaser.
Fig. 9-2.5.1-2 D/ d Ratio
9-2.6.2 Proof Load Requirements
(a) For single- or multiple-leg slings and endless
slings, each leg shall be proof loaded to the following
load requirements based on fabrication method. In no
case shall the proof load exceed 50% of the component
ropes' or structural strands' minimum breaking
s trength.
(1) Meclta11ica1 Splice Slings. The proof load shall
be a minimum of 2 times the s ingle-leg vertical hitch
rated load.
(2) Swaged Socket and Poured Socket Sli11gs. The
proof load shall be a minimum of 2 times and a maxi-
mum of 2.5 times the s ingle-leg ve rtical hitch rated load.
NOTH: Thi! proof load should be lhal spl?Cified by lh11 wire rope
or fitting monufocturer's recommendation provided that tt 1s
GENERAL NOTE: When Dis 25 times the component rope diameter within the above-spl!ci.fied proof load range.
(d) the Did ratio Is ~ressed as 25/1.
(3) Hand-Tucked Slings. If proof tested, the proof
load shall be a minimum of l time and a maximum of
1.25 times the s ingle-leg vertical hitch rated load.

14
Copyright © 20 I 0 by the American Soc1et~ of Mechanical Engineers i1&i
No reproduction may be made of this roaterinl wilhout written consent of ASME. ~
 (1 0) Table 9-2.5.2-1 Rated Load for Single- and Two-Leg Slings 6 x 19 or 6 x 36 Classification
Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS) Grade fiber Core (FC) Wire Rope
z0 Based on Design Factor = S and Rated Loads Expressed In Tons (2,000 lb)
.g r, Two-Leg Bridle or Basket Choker
a .g
'<
0..
Single-leg
Horizontal Angle Horizontal Angle
~€ Vertltal Choker Vertical Basket Vertical 60 deg 45 deg 30 deg
0 ~ 60 deg 30 deg
~@
'°
'<
n
.3 \~
~ ET
0N
r;;r -
o
Hitch Type
Rope Diamet er, In. HT
I
MS s
6
HT&MS HT
u
MS s HT
II
MS s
u
HT MS
6
HT MS
~T
HT MS
db
HT&M S
db
HT&MS
n n
2, ;:>
§: ~ Y. 0.54 0.56 0.60 0.42 1.1 l.1 l.I 1. 1 I.I I. I 0.94 0.97 0.77 0.79 0.54 0.56 0.73 0.42
.. :J. x~ 0.8) 0.87 0.94 0.66 l.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 l.S 1.2 1.2 0.83 0.87 1.1 0.66
s~ % 1.2 1.2 13 0 .94 2.4 2.S 2.S 2.4 2.S 2.S 2.0 2.2 1.7 1.8 1.2 1.2 1.6 0.94 ~
~
§ ~ .,,...'"
E'... !?.
, n.·
....
<n
'lt. 1.6 17 1.8 1.3 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.4 2.7 2.9 2.2 2.4 1.6 1.7 2.2 1.3
0
.s. ~ 1h 2.0 2.2 2.4 1.6 4.0 4.t. 4 ,4 4.0 4.S 4.4 3.5 3.8 2.9 3.1 2.0 2.2 2.9 1.6
5-
~
0
0 ....,
:s.:
~16 2.S 2.7 3.0 21 s.o 5.5 5.S s.o 5.5 s.s 4.4 4.8 3.6 3.9 2.S 2.7 3.6 2.1
'-°
;.,
0
0
, n
~ n Ye 3. 1 34 3.7 2.6 6.2 6.8 6.8 6.2 6.8 6.8 S. 3 S.9 4.4 4 .8 3.1 3.4 4.5 2.6
-
::: e ::r
~ 4 .3 4.8 S.2 ) .7 8.6 9.7 9.7 8.6 9.7 9.7 74 8.4 6. 1 6.8 4.3 4.8 6.3 3.7
n -
n n·
== c:
'l. 5.7 6.6 7.1 5.0 11 13 13 11 13 13 9.8 II 8.0 9.3 5.7 6.6 8.6 5.0
0 -

-: : °"-·ml
"'::: l 7. 4 8.3 9.2 6.4 15 17 17 IS 17 17 13 16 10 12 7.4 8.3 11 6.4
n
::: 1 '/, 9.3 10 12 8.1 19 21 21 19 21 21 16 18 13 15 9.3 10 14 8. I
o :::
.-,nn 1Y. 11 13 14 9.9 23 26 26 23 26 26 20 22 16 18 11 13 17 9.9
r;; ;;i
~ GENERAL NOTES:
(a) HT = tiand·tucked spllce
(b) MS = mechanic.al spllce.

~ (c) S = swaged or poured socket.

(d) Rated loads for Ill based on minimum Di d ratio of 15/ 1: rated loads for MS and 5 based on D/ d ratio of 25/ 1
(e) Rated load based on pin diameter not larger than natural eye width or less than the nominal sling diameter
(I) For choker hitch, 1he angle or choke sha ll be 120 deg or greater (see para. 9-2.5.4).

woo 11MJIC4'81 - ":>Ill ':>IJllUIJ!!>S UOCWO\U AQ P81nQIJICIO 'P811Ql40Jd fkl~ON put Ou•AdoO '.<1uo ..u.,11 Jffn 8fl5UfS ' l lO~-A·~·9l UD tllffJllO 4a1114a~ DI peaue:i111•ue11w pe11~8uMo:>
 ASME 830.9·201 0

(10) Table 9·2.5.2·2 Rated Load for Three- and Four-Leg SUngs 6 X 19 or 6 x 36 Classification
Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS) Grade Fiber Core (FQ Wire Rope
Based on Design Factor = 5 and Rated Loads Expressed In Tons (2,000 lb)
Three-Leg Four·Leg
Horizontal Angle Horizontal Angle

Vertical 60 deg 45 deg 30 deg Vertical 60 deg 45 deg 30 deg

Hitch Type
Rope
Diameter. In. HT
III Jj\ ;j\
MS HT MS HT MS
/I\
HT MS HT
jljl
MS
~ ;J\. ~
HT MS HT MS HT MS
y. 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.81 0.84 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.l 1.1
Y16 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.3 3.3 3.5 2.9 3.0 2.4 2.5 1.7 1.7
Ve 3.5 3.7 3.1 3.2 2.5 2.6 1.8 1.9 4.7 5.0 4.1 4.3 3.3 3.5 2.4 2.5

'It, 4.7 5.0 4.1 4.4 3.4 3.6 2.4 2.5 6.3 6.7 5.5 5.8 4.5 4.8 3.2 3.4
1/, 6.1 6.5 5.3 5.7 4.3 4.6 3.0 3.3 8.1 8.7 7.0 7.5 5.7 6.2 4.0 4.4
"lt, 7.6 8.2 6.6 7.1 5.4 5.8 3.8 4.1 10 11 8.7 9.5 7.1 7.8 5.0 5.5

Ya 9.3 10 8.0 8.8 6.5 7.2 4.6 5.1 12 14 11 12 8.7 9.6 6.2 6.8
1;. 13 15 11 13 9.1 10 6.4 7.3 17 19 15 17 12 14 8.6 9.7
~ 17 20 15 17 12 14 8.5 9.8 23 26 20 23 16 19 11 13

1 22 25 19 22 16 18 11 12 29 33 25 29 21 23 15 17
11/a 28 31 24 27 20 22 14 16 37 42 32 36 26 19 19 21
11/. 34 38 30 33 24 27 17 19 45 51 39 44 32 36 23 26

GENERAL NOTES:
(a) HT = hand·tucked spike.
(b) MS = mechanical splice.
(c) Ra1ed loads for HT based on minimum Did ratio or 1511; rated loads for MS and S based on Did ratio of 2511.
(d) Rated load based on pin diameter not larger than natural eye wldlh or less than the nominal sling diameter.

16
Copyngh1 ©2010 by !he American Sociecy ofMecha111cul l!ngineers, ~
No reproducuon may be made oflliis matcnal without written conscm of ASME. ~
 (10) Table 9·2.5.2·3 Rated load for Single- and Two-Leg SUngs 6 x 19 or 6 x 36 Classification
Extra Improved Plow Steel (EJPS) Grade Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) Wire Rope
Based on Design Factor = 5 and Rated Loads Expressed In Tons (2,000 lb)
Tw o-Leg Bridle or Basket Choker
Single-Leg Horizontal Angle Horizontal Angle
z0
Vertical Vertical Basket Vertical 60 deg 45 deg 3 0 deg
a (') Choker 60 deg 30 deg
"'i:l
0 "O
~ ~.
@. ~
0 -
a®
0

Hitch Type
Rope Diameter, in. HT MS S HT
6 MS HT
u
MS S HT
II
MS S
u
HT MS
6
HT MS
~
HT MS HT
db MS HT
db MS
~"'
'< 0
c:r
() -0
'!. 0.54 0.65 0.6B 0.42 0.48 1.1 L3 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.94 1.1 0.77 0.91 0.54 0.65 0.73 0.82 0.42 0.48
~. 0.83 1.0 1.1 0.66 0.74 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.4 0.83 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.66 0.74
a~
g_ :;. ~ 1.2 1.1• 1.5 0.94 1.1 2.4 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.9 2.8 2.0 2.5 1.7 2.0 1 .2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.94 1.1
<> n
0 ;>
...... 3 'li6 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.3 1.4 3.2 3.9 3.8 ).2 3.9 3.8 2.7 3.4 2.2 2.7 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.5 1.3 1.4
Er ~ y, 2.0 2.5 2.7 1.6 1.9 4.0 5.1 4.9 4.0 5.1 4.9 3.5 4.4 2.9 3.6 2.0 2.5 2.9 3.2 1.6 1.9
Iii - · ~. 6.4 6.2 s.o 6.1 3.6 4.5 4.1 2.4
,.,~
2.5 3.2 3.4 2.1 2.4 5.0 6.4 4.4 5.5 2.5 3.2
g§
n Cll
3.6 2.1

:::1. 0 Ya 3.1 3.9 4.1 2.6 2.9 6.2 7.8 7.6 6.2 7.8 7.6 5.3 6.8 4.4 5.5 3.1 3.9 4.5 5.0 2.6 2.9 CJ>
~~·I~ % 4.3 5.6 5.9 3.7 4.1 8.6 11 11 8.6 11 11 7.4 9.7 6.1 7.9 43 5.6 6.3 7.1 3.7 4.1 "'0
--<
5- 0
0
~
....
3::
,~ 5.7 7.6 8.0 s.o 5.6 11 15 15 11 15 15 9.8 13 8.0 11 5.7 7.6 8.6 9.7 5.0 S.6
"',:,
0
.....
1 7.4 9.8 10 6A ~2 15 20 19 15 20 19 13 17 10 14 7.4 9.8 11 13 6.4 7.2 0

~ ~ lY, 9.3 12 1J &l ~l 19 24 24 19 24 24 16 21 13 17 9.3 12 14 16 8.1 9.1

ii § 11;. 11 15 16 ~9 11 23 30 30 23 30 30 20 26 16 2l 11 15 17 19 9.9 11
::s O'"
n e.
gm 1% 14 18 19 12 13 27 36 36 27 36 36 24 31 19 25 14 18 21 23 12 13
"'g ii:."'
- a
11/J 16 21 23 14 16 32 42 42 32 42 42 28 37 23 30 16 21 25 28 14 16
0 r.
..., n 1% 19 24 26 16 18 38 49 49 38 49 49 33 42 27 35 t9 24 29 32 16 18
> !;!
(/}
1~ 22 28 31 19 21 44 57 57 44 ~ 57 38 49 31 40 22 28 33 37 19 2l
~ 1~ 25 32 35 22 24 50 64 64 m M M 43 56 35 46 25 32 38 42 22 24
2 28 37 40 25 28 56 73 73 ff n 73 49 63 40 52 28 37 43 48 25 28

~ GENERAL NOTES!
(a) HT = hand-tucked splice.
(b) MS = mechanical splice.
(c) S = swaged or poured sockeL
(d) Ra ted loads for HT based on minimum D/d ratio of 15/l; rated loads for MS and S based on D/d ratio of 25/1.
(e) Rated load based on pin diameter not larger than natural eye width or less than the nominal sling diameter.
(I) for choker hitch. the angle of choke shall be 120 deg or greater (see para. 9·2.5.4).

wo:>i98JISl(.l91MMM " :>Ut ':>!JUUO!:>S UOIW04.l~Q pajnQ!JllllO PDllQ!40Jd BUtllJOMl&N pue Bu1.<dOO "<IUO 98U9:lfl JOSn e1Bu1S UO~·A8W1H UO !480Jn0 4S111411W Ol p&8UOOl! IBIJ9lBW pe14Bµ~doO
 i
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:L
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ASM E 830.9·2010 &
~
ii
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i
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::I

0
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iii
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i=r
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(10) Table 9·2.5.2-4 Rated Load for Three- and Four-Leg Slings 6X19 or 6x36 Classification ...
::I

'f
Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS) Grade Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) Wire Rope !:
G>
Based on Design Factor = 5 and Rated Loads Expressed In Tons (2,000 lb) 1,
~
Th ree-Leg Four·Leg
Horizontal Angle Horizontal Angle en
s-
ID
Vertical 60 deg 45 deg 30 deg Vertical 60 deg 45 deg 30 deg 0
...c
Hitch Type
Rope
Diameter, In. HT
III MS HT
.1 MS
;j\
HT MS
/!\
HT MS HT
µ11
MS
11\ !]\ I]\
HT M5 HT M5 HT M5
9l
s..
::I
Cll
0
::I
~
'!. 1.6 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.4 0.81 0.97 2.2 2.6 1.9 2.2 1.5 1.8 1.1 1.3
...,~
~6 2.S 3.0 2.2 2.6 1.8 2.1 1.3 1.5 3.3 4.0 2.9 3.5 2.4 2.8 1.7 2.0 'S.

7
%
116
3.5
4.7
4.3
5.8
3.1
4.1
3.7
s.o
2.5
3.4
3.0
4.l
1.8
2.4
2.2
2.9
4.7
6.3
5.7
7.8
4.1

5.5
5.0
6.7
3.3
4.5
6.1

5.5
2.4

3.2
2.9
3.9
..ii
::I
ID

Yi 6.1 7.6 5.3 6.6 4.3 5.4 3.0 3.8 8.1 10 7.0 8.8 5.7 7.1 4.0 5.1 z
GI
Pfig 7.6 9.6 6.6 8.3 5.4 6.8 3.8 4.8 10 13 8.7 11 7.1 9.0 5.0 6.~
l0
% 9.3 12 8.0 10 6.5 8.3 4.6 5.9 12 16 11 14 8.7 11 6.2 7.8 ~
::I
% 13 17 11 15 9.1 12 6.4 8.4 17 22 15 19 12 16 8.6 11 ...,
IO
11e 17 23 15 20 12 16 8.5 11 23 30 20 26 16 21 11 15 a-:r
1 22 29 19 26 16 21 11 15 29 39 25 34 21 28 15 20 ~
1~ 28 36 26 31 20 26 1/J 18 37 48 32 42 26 34 19 24 ~
1 Y. 34 4~ 30 38 24 31 17 22 45 59 39 51 32 42 23 30 0
f:
1% 41 53 36 46 29 38 21 27 55 71 47 62 39 50 27 36 fr
c
iY, 49 63 42 55 34 45 24 32 65 84 56 73 46 60 32 42 ii
1% 56 73 49 63 40 52 28 37 75 98 65 85 53 69 38 49 Q.
CT
'<
11;. 65 85 57 74 46 60 33 42 87 113 76 98 62 80 44 57 ~
=r
1~ 74 64 84 68 37 129 86 112 70 91 64
97 53 48 99 50
~
2 84 110 73 95 60 78 42 55 113 147 98 127 80 104 56 73 g
(/)
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) HT = hand·tud<ed splice.
~
:?
(b) MS = mechanltal splice. :.
!'
(t) Rated loads ror HT based on minimum D/d rallo of 15/ t: rated loads for MS and S based on O/d ratio of 25/1. :;
(d) Rated load based on pin diameter not larger than natural eye width or less than the nominal sling diameter. !'>

I
..iii~
~

18
Copyright ~ 20 I 0 by the Amc:ncan Sooicty of Mechanical Engineers ~
No reproduction mil) be made ofl.b1s material without written consent of ASME. ~
 (10) Table 9-2.S.2· 5 Rated Load for Single- and Two-Leg Stings 6 x 19 or 6 x 36 Classification
Extra Extra Improved Plow Steel (EEIPS) Grade Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) 'Nlre Rope
Based on Design Factor = 5 and Rated Loads Expressed In Tons (2,000 lb)
Two-Leg Bridle o r Basket Choker
Single-Leg Horizonta l Angle Horizontal Angle
z0
Vertical 60 deg 45 deg 30 deg
.g (") Vertie.al

u
Choker Vertical Bas ket 60 deg 30 deg
a
§-~.
£.. ~
0

~ ®
~
o

Hitch Type
Rope Diameter, In. HT
I
MS s HT
6 MS HT MS s HT
II
MS
u
HT MS
6
HT MS
0
HT MS HT
db MS HT
db MS
""N
'< 0
~ 0.60 0.71 0.74 0.46 0.52 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.2 0.84 1.0 0.60 0.71 0.80 0.90 0.46 0.52
cr::r -0
a ~
Yi6 0.92 1.1 L2 0.72 0,81 1.8 2.2 2.1 1.8 2.2 1.6 1.9 1.3 1.6 0.92 1.1 1.2 1.4 0.72 0.81

~ 5- Y. 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.0 1.2 2.6 3.2 ).1 2.6 J.2 2.3 2.7 1.8 2.2 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.0 LO 1.2
n "'
0 >
..., s ~~ 1.7 2.1 2.2 1.4 1.6 3.5 Ii,) 4.1 ).'S 4.3 3.0 3.7 2.5 3.0 1.7 2.1 2.4 2.7 1.4 l.6
§" n ~ 2.2 2.8 2.9 1.8 2.0 4.5 5.5 S.4 4.S 5.5 3.9 4.8 3.1 J.9 2.2 2.8 3.1 3.5 1.8 2.0
"' :i
~6 2.8 J.5 3.7 2.3 2.6 5.6 7.0 6.8 5.6 7.0 4.8 6.1 3.9 5.0 2.8 3.5 4.0 4.5 2.3 2.6 >
~~
n Cl'>
Ill
,.,3::
:i. 0
~ !!. .... Ya 3.4 4.3 4.5 2.8 3.2 6.8 8.6 8.4 6.8 8.6 5.9 7.5 4.8 6.1 3.4 4.) 4.9 5.5 2.8 ).2
ffi
~ ~ ...... '° % 4.7 6.2 6.5 4.0 4.5 9.4 12 12 9.4 12 8.2 11 6.7 8.7 4.7 6.2 7.0 7.9 4.0 4.5 0
io
5- 0.., % 6.2 8.3 8.8 5.5 6.1 12 17 16 12 17 11 14 8.8 12 6.2 8.3 9.4 11 5.5 6.1
i:.
0
s; 3:: 16 22 14 19 11 15 8.1 11 12 14 7.1 8.0
...
0
0
,.~n
. ::r
" 1 8.1
10
1l
...
11
14
7. 1
8.9
8.0
...
16
20
22
...
21
26 2G ... 18 . .. 14 . .. 10 . .. 15 . .. 8.9
1%
~ §
0 - ·
1% 13 ... 18 11 . .. 25 ... 33 25 .. . 22 . .. 18 ... 13 . .. 19 . .. 11
8 ~
o m 1% 15 ... 21 'l3 . .. 30 ... 39 30 ... 26 . .. 21 ... 15 ... 23 ... 13
"':::I
g re. 11/i 18 ... 25 t6 ... 36 ... 46 36 . .. 31 ... 25 ... 18 ... 27 ... 16
~
o n
Cl
...... ... tY, 21 ... 29 18 ... 41 ... 54 4t . .. 36 . .. 29 ... 21 . .. 31 ... 18
>
en ?l ... . ..
1% 24 ... 34 21 . .. 48 . .. 63 48 ... 42 ... 34 24 36 . .. 21
~ 114 27 ... 38 24 . .. 55 ... 71 SS ... 47 ... 39 . .. 27 ... 41 . .. 24
2 31 ... 43 27 . .. 62 ... 80 62 ... 54 ... 44 . .. 31 . .. 47 ... 27

e, GENERAL NOTES'
(a) HT = harid·lucked splice.
(b) MS = mechanical splice.
(c) S = swaged or poured socket.
(d) Rated loads for HT based on minimum Did ratio of 15/1; rated loads for MS and S based on D/d ratio of 25/l.
(e) Rated load based on pin diameter not larger than natural eye width or less than ihe nom ina l sli ng diameter.
(0 For choker hitch, the angle of choke shall be 120 deg or greater (see para. 9·2.5.4).

·wo:i JOOJ1•~1- ·:>u1 ·:iunuor:is uotwoll1.<q pa1nqµ111a P911Q140Jd 6u111JOM.1&N pue 6u1.<doo ·.<ruo esuoo11Jesn016u1s • ~ ~oi:-.<e~-9~ uo 14a0Jno 4s1114ev-i 01 pesu00f11eµo1ew pe146µ.<do::>
 ASME BJ0.9·2010

(10) Table 9·2.5.2·6 Rated load for Three· and Four-leg Slings 6x19 or 6 x 36 Classification
Extra Extra Improved Plow Steel (EEIPS} Grade Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) Wire Rope
Based on Design Factor = 5 and Rated Load s Expr essed in Tons (2,000 lb)
Three· Leg Four·Leg
Horizontal Angle Horizontal Angle

Vertical 60 deg 45 deg JO deg Vertical 60 deg 45 deg JO deg

III ;j\ If. /i'. ~~ ~ ![\ I]\

Hitch Type
Rope
Diameter.
In. HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS HT MS

% 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.8 1.J 1.S 0.90 1.1 2.4 2.8 2.1 2.4 1.7 2.0 1.2 1.6
~1i6 2.8 3.3 2.4 2.9 1.9 2.J 1..4 1.7 J.7 4.4 3.2 J.8 2.6 3.1 1.8 2.2
% J.9 4.7 3.4 4.1 2.8 3.3 1.9 2.4 S.2 6.3 4.5 5.5 3.7 4.5 2.6 3.2

1 5.2 6.4 4.5 5.5 3.7 4.5 2.6 3.2 7.0 8.5 6.0 7.4 4.9 6.0 3.5 4,3
li6
Yi 6.7 8.3 5.8 7.2 4.7 5.9 J.3 4.2 8.9 11 7.7 9.6 6.3 7.8 4.5 5.5
'li6 8.3 11 7.2 9.1 5.9 7.5 4.2 5.3 11 14 9.6 12 7.9 9.9 5.6 7.0

% 10 13 8.8 11 7.2 9.1 5.1 6.5 14 17 12 15 9.6 12 6.8 8.6

'!. 14 18 12 16 10 1J 7.1 9.2 19 25 16 21 13 17 9.4 12
1;. 19 25 16 22 1J 18 9.4 12 25 33 22 29 18 24 12 17

l 24 32 21 28 17 23 12 16 32 43 28 37 23 31 16 22
tY, 31 26 22 15 41 35 29 20
l'Y. 38 32 27 19 50 43 35 25

1% 45 39 32 23 60 52 43 30
l1
h 53 46 38 27 71 62 50 36
1% 62 54 44 31 83 72 59 41

13/. 72 62 51 36 96 83 68 48
1 11, 82 71 58 41 109 95 77 55
2 93 80 66 46 124 107 88 62

GENERAL NOTES:
(a) HT =
hand·tucked splkl!.
(b) MS = mechanical splice.
(c) Rated loads for HT based on minimum Dfd ratio or 15/l: rated loads ror MS and S based on Dfd ratio of 25/l.
(d) Rated load based on pin diameter not larger than natural eye width or less than the nominal sling diameter.

20
Copyright © 2010 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ~
No reproduction may be made ofth1s matenal without wnnen consent of ASME. ~
 0
0
"'O
'<
::1.
'°iii
::J"

ASME B30.9· 2010 Q.

3
"'iii
:J.
!!!.
5'
e
=>
g
Q.
0
3::

.."'s.
::J"

::J"
0
c
Table 9·2.5.2·7 Rated load for Cable-Laid Wire Rope Single- and Two-leg Slings Mechanical Splice Only ii:!:
Based on Design Facto r = S and Rated Loads Expressed In Tons (2,000 lb) 0
:>
Choker -"
co
Single-Leg Two-Leg Bridle or Basket ~
Horizontal Angle - QI
Hitch Type Horizontal Angle - Hitch Type Hitch Type
~
Vertical Choker Vertical Basket Vertical 60 deg 45 deg 30 deg ~
60 deg 30 deg

u
- -- - -- - -- ~

Hitch Type
Rope Diameter, in.

7 x 7 x 7 Con.structlon
I 6 II u 6 r'1 db db
(/)
s
'°iic
~
g
v.
)I.
0.50
1.1
0.35
0.8
1.0
2.2
1.0
2.2
0.87
1.9
0.71
1.5
0.50
l.l
0.61
1.3
0.35
0.76
..
=>
e
0
Yi 1.9 1.3 3.7 3.7 3.2 2.6 1.9 2.2 1.3 :>
% 2.8 1.9 5.5 5.5 4.8 3.9 2.8 3.4 1.9 -<
i;. 3.8 2.7 7.6 7.6 6.6 5.4 3.8 4.6 2.7 0
0
11a 5.0 3.5 10 10 8.7 7.1 5.0 6.1 J.5 "'O
'S.
1 6.4 4.5 13 13 11 9.1 6.4 7.8 4.5 =>
IQ
Gl
7X7X19 Construction &
z
%
%
];.
1.9
2.9
4.1
1.3
2.0
2.8
).8
5.8
8.1
).8
5.8
8.1
).)
5.0
7.0
2.7
4.1
5.8
1.9
2.9
4.1
2.3
J.5
4.9
1.)
2.0
2.8
i.,,
~
IO
1h 5.4 3.8 11 11 9.3 7.6 5.4 6.5 3.8 'O
1 6.9 l1.8 14 14 12 9.7 6.9 8.3 4.8 a
;!;
11/i 8.3 5.8 17 17 14 12 8.3 10 5.8 !Z
11;. 9.9 6.9 20 20 17 14 9.9 12 6.9 ;
~

7X6X19 or 7X6X36 IWRC ClasslAcation ~

c;
i;. 3.8 2.7 7.6 7.6 6.6 5.4 3.8 4.6 2.7 a-
c
7/e 5.0 3.5 10 10 8.7 7.1 5.0 6.1 3.5 [
1 6.4 4.5 13 13 11 9.1 6.4 7.8 4.5 '<
O'

1Y, 5.6 15 15 11 7.7 9.3 5.4

~
7.7 1J
1% 9.3 6.5 19 19 16 13 9.3 11 6.5
3
11;, 11 7.6 22 22 19 15 11 13 7.6 ~
=>
11h
1%
GENERAl NOTES:
13
15
9.0
10
26
30
26
30
22
26
18
21
13
15
16
18
9.0
10

5
r
~
!'
(a) 7 x 7X7 = galvanlied specialty cable. :>
{b) 7X7 X1 9 =galvanized specially cable. ;i

(c) Rated loads based on minimum Did ratio of 10/1.

(d) Rated load based on pin diameter not larger lhan natural eye width or less than lhe nominal sling diameter. I
(e) For choker hitch, the angle or choke shall be 120 deg or greater (see para. 9·2.5.4).
I;
e
B
?

2l
Copyright© 2010 by the American Society ofMechanicnl Engineers. ~
No reproduction muy be made of this motcnaJ without written consent of ASME. ~
 ASME 830.9·2010

Table 9·2.5.2·8 Rated l oad for Six-Part Braided Single- and Two-leg Slings 6 X19 or 6 X36
Cla.sslficatlon Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS) Grade Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) Wire Rope
Based on Design Factor = 5 and Rated Loads Expressed in Tons (2,000 lb)
Two-Leg Bridle or Basket Choker
Single·Leg
Horizontal Angle Horizontal Angle
Vertical Choker Vertical Basket Vertical 60 deg 45 deg 30 deg 60 deg 30 deg

Hitch Type
Rope Diameter. In.
I 6
HT&MS lfT&MS
u
lfT&MS
II
HT&MS
uHT&MS
6
HT&MS
r-1
HT&MS
db db
HT&MS HT&MS
3
li6 1.6 1.4 3.2 3.2 2.8 2.3 1.6 2.4 1.4

~ 2.9 2.5 5.7 5.7 4.9 4.0 2.9 4.3 2.5

5h6 /1,4 3.9 8.9 8.9 7.7 6.3 4.4 6.7 3.9
% 6.3 5.5 13 13 11 9.0 6.3 9.6 5.5

7
A6 8.6 7.5 17 17 15 12 8.6 13 7.5
% 11 9.8 22 22 19 16 11 17 9.8
91t6 14 12 28 28 24 20 14 21 12

% 17 15 35 35 30 24 17 26 15
'l'. 25 22 49 49 43 35 25 37 22
% 33 29 67 67 58 47 33 51 29

1 113 38 87 87 75 61 43 66 38
11/, 55 48 109 109 95 77 55 83 48
t1
1. 67 59 134 134 116 95 67 102 59

1 'la 87 71 161 161 140 11/l Bl 122 71

1 1/2 96 84 192 192 166 135 96 11•5 84
1% 111 97 222 222 192 157 111 168 97

1% 129 112 257 257 223 182 129 195 112

l~a 146 128 292 292 253 207 146 222 128
2 166 146 333 333 288 235 166 252 146

GENERAL NOTES:
(a) HT = hand·tucked splice.
(b) MS = mechanical splice.
(c) Rated loads based on minimum Did ra tio of 25 times the component rope diameter.
(d) Rated load based on pin diameter not larger than natural eye width or less than lhe nominal sling diameter.
(e) For choker hitch, the angle of choke shall be 120 deg or greater (see para. 9·2.5.4).

22
Copynghl @ 20 I0 b) lhc Amcncan Society of Mechanical Engineers. &
No reproduction may be made oflh1s material w 1thom wril!enconsem of ASME. ~
 ASME B30.9·2010

Table 9-2.5.2-9 Rated Load for Eight-Part Braided Single- and Two-Leg Slings 6 x 19 or 6x36
Classification Extra Improved Plow Steel (EIPS) Grade Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) Wire Rope
Based on Design Factor = 5 and Rated Loads Expressed in Tons (2,000 lb)
Two-leg Bridle or Basket Choker
Single-Leg
Horizontal Angle Horizontal Angle
Vert leaI

u -II
Vertical Choker Basket Vertical 60 deg 4S deg 30 deg

-I 6
60 deg 30 deg

Hitch Type
Rope Diameter, In. HT&MS HT&MS HT&MS HT&MS
uHT&MS
6
HT&MS
~
HT&MS
db db
HT&MS HT&MS

1 2.2 1.9 4.3 4.3 3.7 3.0 2.2 3.3 1.9

1i6
11. 3.8 3.3 7.6 7.6 6.6 5.4 3.8 5.8 3.3
Yi. 5.9 5.2 12 12 10 8.3 S.9 8.9 5.2

%
7
8.5 7.4 17 17 15 12 8.S 13 7.A
/16 11 10 23 23 20 16 11 17 10
1/2 15 13 30 30 26 21 15 23 13

~16 19 16 38 38 33 27 19 29 16
% 23 20 46 46 40 n 23 JS 20
31. n 29 66 66 S7 47 33 50 29

~. 45 39 89 89 77 63 1, 5 68 39
l SS St 116 116 100 82 58 88 51
1Ye 73 64 lli6 146 126 103 73 110 64

11/, 89 78 179 179 155 127 89 136 78

1% 108 94 215 215 186 152 108 163 94
1 'h 128 112 255 255 221 181 128 194 112

1% 148 129 296 296 256 209 148 224 129

l ]/. 171 150 343 343 297 242 171 260 150
1% 195 171 390 390 338 276 195 295 171
2 222 194 444 444 384 314 222 336 194

GENERAL NOTES:
(a) HT = hand·tucked splice.
(b) MS -= mechanical splice.
(c) Rated loads based on minimum Dfd ratio or 25 trmes the component rope diameter.
(d) Rated load based on pin diameter not larger than natural eye width or less than the nominal sling diameter.
(e) For choker hitch. the angle of choke shall be 120 deg or greater (see para. 9·2.S.4).

23
Copynghl ® 20 10 by lhe American Society ofMccbanical Engineers. ~
No reproduction may be made of this material w11bout wrmen conseru of ASME. ~
 ASME 830.9·2010

Fig. 9·2.5.4·1 Angle of Choke 9·2.7.2 Initial Sling Identification

Sling identification shall be done by the sling
manufacturer.

9·2.7.3 Maintenance of Sling Identification

Sling identification should be maintained by the user
so as to be legible during the Life of the s ling.

9·2.7.4 Replacement of Sling Identification

Replacement of the sling identification shall be consid-
ered a repair as specified in paras. 9-2.95(a) and (b).
Additional proof testing is not required.

SECTION 9·2.8: EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT

9-2.8.1 Temperature
(a) Fiber core wire rope slings of all grades shall not
be exposed to temperatures in excess of 180°F (82°q.
(b) When rwRC wire rope s lings are to be used at
temperatures above 400°F (204°C) or below -40°F
(-40°C), the sling manufacturer should be consu lted.

9·2.8.2 Chemically Active Environments

The strength of wire rope s lings can be degraded by
Angle of Choke, deg Rated Capacity, % [Note (1)) chemically active environments. This includes exposure
Over 120 100 to chemicals in the form of solids, liquids, gases, vapors,
90-120 87 or fumes. The sling manufacturer or qualified person
60-89 74 should be consulted before slings arc used in chemically
30-59 62
0-29 49
active environments.

NOTE: SECTION 9·2.9: INSPECTION, REMOVAL, AND

(1) Percent of sling rated capacity In a choker hitch.
REPAIR

(b) The proof load for components (fittings) attached 9-2.9.1 Initial Inspection
to single legs shall be the same as the requirement for Prior to use, all new, altered, modified, or repaired
single-leg slings in para. 9-2.6.2(a). slings shall be inspected by a designated person to verify
(c) Master links for two-leg bridle slings shall be proof compliance with the applicable provisions of this
Loaded to a minimum of 4 times the single-leg vertical Chapter.
hitch rated load.
(d) Master links for three-leg bridle slings shall be 9-2.9.2 Frequent Inspection
proof loaded to a minimum of 6 times the single-leg (n) A visual inspection for damage shall be performed
verticaJ hitch rated load. by the user or other designated person each day o r shi~
(e) Master links for four-leg bridle slings shall be proof the sling is used.
loaded to a minimum of 8 times the single-leg vertical (b) Conditions such as those listed in para. 9-2.9.4 or
hHch rated load. any other condition that may result in a hazard shall
cause the sling to be removed from service. Slings shall
SECTION 9-2.7: SLING IDENTIFICATION not be returned to service until approved by a qualified
person.
(10) 9-2.7.1 Identification Requirements (c) Written records are not required for frequent
Each sling shall be ma rked to show inspections.
(a) name or trademark of manufacturer
(b) rated load for at least one hitch type and the angle 9·2.9.3 Periodic Inspection (10)
upon which it is based (a) A complete inspection for damage to the sling
(c) diameter or size shall be periodically performed by a designated person.
(d) nwnber of legs, if more than one Inspec tion shall be conducted on the entire length

24
Copyright© 2010 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers d!b
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME ~
 ASME 830.9-2010
Ag. 9-2.9.4-1 Cable-Laid Wire Rope Sling
including splices, end attachments, and fittings. The
sling shall be examined for cond itions such as those
listed in para. 9-2.9.4 and a determination made as to
whether they constitute a hazard.
(b) Periodic l11spectio11 Frequency. Periodic inspection
intervals shall not exceed 1 yr. The frequency of periodic
inspections should be based on
(1) frequency of sling use
(2) severity of seJvice conditions
(3) nature of lifts being made
(4) experience gained on the service life of slings
used in similar circumstances
(c) Guidelines for the time intervals are
(1) normal service - yearly
(2) severe service - monthly to quarterly
(3) special service - as recommended by a quali-
fied person
(d) Documentatio n that the most recent periodic
inspection was performed and shall be maintained.
(e) inspection records of individual slings a re not
required.
(lo) 9·2.9.4 Removal Criteria
A wire rope sling shall be removed from service iI
conditions such as the following are present:
(a) missing or illegible sling identification (see
Section 9-2.7)
(IJ) broken wires
(1) for strand-laid and single-part s lings, ten ran-
domly distributed broken wires in one rope lay. or five
broken wires in one s trand in one rope lay (see
Fig. 9-20-1)
(2) for cable-laid slings, 20 broken wires per lay
(see Fig. 9-2.9.4-1)
(3) for less than eight-part braided s lings, 20 broken
wires per braid (see Fig. 9-2.3.2-2)
(4-) for eight-part or more than eight part braided
slings, 40 broken wires pe.r braid (see Fig. 9-2.3.2-2)
(c) severe Localized abrasion or scraping
(d) kinking, crushing, birdcaging, or any other dam-
age resulting in damage to the rope structure
25
Copyright © 20 I 0 by the American Society ofMcchenic11l Engineers
No reproduction may be made of this material without wrinen consent of ASME. ~
(e) evidence of heat damage
(j) end attachments that are cracked, deformed, or
worn to the extent that the strength of the sling is sub·
s tantially affected
(g) severe corrosion of the cope, end attachments, or
fittings
(II) for hooks, removal criteria as stated in
ASME B30.10
(i) for rigging hardware, removal criteda as stated in
ASME 630.26
(j) other conditions, including visible damage, that
cause doubt as to the continued use of the s ling
9·2.9.5 Repair c10)
(a) Slings shall be repaired only by the sling manufac-
turer or a qualified person.
(b) A repaired sling shall be maJked to identify the
repairing agency per Section 9-2.7.
(c) End attachments and fittings used for sling repair
s hall comply with the provisions of this Chapter.
(d) Repair of hooks (ASME B30.10), dgglng hardware
(ASME 8 30.26), below-the-hook lifting devices
(ASME 630.20), or other special devices shall comply
with the repair instructions in the applicable volumes.
(e ) The wire rope used in the s ling shall no t be
repaired.
(j) Repairs to wire rope slings shall be restricted to
end attachments and fittings.
(g) Modifications, a lterations, or repairs to end attach-
ments or fittings shall be approved by the sling manufac-
turer, fitting or component manufacturer, or a qualified .
person and s hall conform to al.I other provisions of the
Chapter. I
(11) All repairs shall comply with the proof tes t
~
requirements of Section 9-2.6.
SECTION 9-2.10: OPERATING PRACTICES
i8
3
9-2.10.1 Sling Selection
(a) Slings that appear to be damaged shall not be
used unless inspected and accepted as usable under
Section 9-2.9.
~
 ASME 830.9-2010
(b) Slings having suJtable characteristics for the type
ofload,hitch, and erwironmcnt sha II be selected in accor-
dance with the requirements of Sections 9-2.5 and 9-2.8.
(c) The rated load of the sling shaU not be exceeded.
(d} For multiple-leg slings used with nonsymmetrical
loads, an analysis by a qualified person should be per-
formed to prevent overloading of any leg.
(e) Multiple-leg slings shall be selected according to
Tables 9-2.5.2-1 through 9-2.5.2-9 when used at the spe-
cific angles given in the table. Operation at other angles
shall be limited to rated loads of the next lower angle
given in the table or calculated by a qualified person.
<fJ When using a multiple-leg sling, the rating shown
for the single-leg sling shaU not be exceeded In any leg
of the multiple-leg sling.
(g) When Did ratios (see Fig. 9-2.5.1-2) smaller than
those cited in the tables are necessary, the rated load of
the sling shall be decreased. Consult the sling manufac-
turer for specific data or refer to the WRTB Wire Rope
Sling Use.r's Manual.
(11) The fitting shall be of the proper shape and size
to ensure that it seats properly in the hook or lifting
device.
9-2.10.2 Cautions to Personnel
(n) All portions of the human body shall be kept from
between the sling and the load, and from between the
sling and the crane hook or hoist hook.
(b) Personnel should never stand in line with or next
to the leg(s) of a sling that is under tension.
(c) Personnel shall not stand or pass under a sus-
pended load.
(d) Personnel shall not ride the sling.
(e) Do not inspect a sling by passing bare hands over
the wire rope body. Broken wires, if present, may punc-
ture the hands.
9·2.10.3 Effects of Environment
(n) Slings should be stored in an area where they will
not be subjected to mechanical damage, corrosive action,
moisture, extreme temperatures, o r kinking (see
Section 9-2.8).
(b) When used at or in contact with extreme tempera-
tures, the guidance provided in Section 9-2.8 shall be
followed.
(c) Fiber core wire rope slings should not be subjected
to degreasing or a solvent because of possible damage
to the core.
26
Copyrighl © 2010 by the American Society of Mechanical Engmccrs.
No rcproducuon may be made oflh1s material without written consonl of ASME.
9-2.10.4 Rigging Practices
(a) Slings shall be shortened or adjusted only by
methods approved by the sling manufacturer or a quali-
fied person.
(b) Slings shall not be shortened or lengthened by
knotting, twisting, or by wire rope clips.
(c) The sling shall be hitched in a manner providing
control of the Load.
(d) Slings in contact with edges, comers, or protru-
sions should be protected with a material of sufficient
strength, thickness, and construction to prevent damage
to the sling.
(e) Shock loading should be avoided.
([) Loads should not be rested on the sling.
(g) Slings should not be pulled from under a load
when the Load is resting on the sling.
(11) Twisting and kinking shall be avoided.
(i) During lifting, with or without Load, personnel
shall be alert for possible snagging.
(j) When using multiple basket or choker hitches, the
load should be rigged to prevent the sling from slipping
or sliding along the load.
(k) When using a baskcl hitch, the legs of the sling
should contain or support the load from the sides, above
the center of gravity, so that the load remains under
control.
(I) Slings should not be dragged on the floor ot over
an abrasive surface.
(m) In a choker hitch, the choke point should only be
on the sling body, not on a splice or fitting.
(11) In a choker hitch, an angle of choke less than
120 deg should not be used without reducing the rated
load (see para. 9-2.5.5).
(o) Slings should not be constricted, bunched, or
pinched by the load, hook, or any fitting.
(p) The load applied to the hook should be centered
in the base (bowl) of the hook to prevent point loading on
the hook, unless the hook is designed for point loading.
(q) An object in the eye of a sling should not be wider
than one half the length of the eye.
Cr) Sling and load shall not be allowed to rotate when
hand tucked slings are used in a single leg vertical lift
application. Care sha ll be taken to minimize sling
rotation.
(s) Slings made with wire rope clips shall not be used
as a choker hitch.
~
~
 ASME 830.9·2010

Chapter 9-3
Metal Mesh Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance

SECTION 9· 3.0: SCOPE SECTION 9·3.4: DESIGN FACTOR

Chapter 9-3 includes provisions that apply to metaJ The design factor for metal mesh slings shall be a
mesh slings (sec Fig. 9-3.0-1). minimum of 5.

SECTION 9·3.1: TRAINING SECTION 9·3.5: RATED LOAD

Meta l mesh sling users shall be trained in the selection, The term rnted cnpncity is commonly used to describe (/)
5'
inspection, cautions to personnel, effects of environ· rated load. IQ
iii
ment, and rigging practices as covered by this Chapter. c
9·3.5.1 ;
These rated loads are based on the following factors:
SECTION 9·3.2: MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS (n) material strength(s)
(b) design factor
9-3.2.1 Metal Mesh
(c) type of hitch
The carbon steel metal mesh shaJJ be manufactured (d) angle of loading
in accordance with the specifications in Table 9-3.2.1-1.
9-3.5.2
9·3.2.2 Coatings
Table 9-3.5.2-1 shows rated loads for single-leg verti-
Finishes and coatings shall be compatible with the cal, choker, and basket h itches. For angles other than
other components and not impair the performance of those shown in these tables, use the rated load for the
the sling. next lower angle, or a qualified person shalJ calculate
the rated load.
9·3.2.3 Components
(n) End fittings shall be manufactured to ensure that 9·3.5.3
the rated load shall be at least the same as the metal Horizontal sling angles less than 30 deg shall not be
mesh sling. used except as recommended by the sling manufacturer
(b) End fittings shall have sufficient strength to sus- or a qualified person (see Table 9-3.5.2-1).
tain twice the rated load of the sling without visible
9·3.5.4 (10)
permanent deformation.
(c) All surfaces of end fittings shall be cleanly finished Table 9-3.5.2-1 shows rated loads for choker hitches
and sharp edges removed. for specific grades of metal mesh, provided that the
angle of choke is 120 deg or greater.
9·3.2.4 Other Materials
9·3.5.5
MetaJ mesh and components other than those listed
Rated loads for angles of choke less than 120 deg shall
in paras. 9-3.2.1 and 9-3.2.3 may be employed. When
be determined by the sling manufacturer or a qualified
such materials are employed, the sling manufacturer or
person.
a quaHfied person shall provide specific data. These
slings shaJI comply with aJJ other requirements of this 9-3.5.6
Chapter. Other metal mesh materials and configurations not
covered by this Chapter shall be rated m accordance
SECTION 9·3.3: FABRICATION AND with the recommendation of the sling manufacturer or
CONFIGURATIONS a qualified person, and shall conform to all other provi-
sions of this Chapter.
9·3.3.1 Fabricat.lon
Methods of fabrication include welding or brazing. 9·3.5.7
When components of the sling have a lower rated
9·3.3.2 Configurations load than Lhe metal mesh with whicli ii is being used,
Single-leg slings used in vertical, choker, and basket the sling shall be identified with a rated load consistent
hJtches are covered in this Chapter. with the lowest load rating of any of the components.

27
Copyrighl @2010 by lhe American Society or Mechanical Engineers. ~
No reproducLion may be made ofllus material wnhouL wri tLon consent of ASME. ~
 ASME 8 30.9·2010

Fig. 9-3.0-1 Metal Mesh Sling

1 + - - - - -- - - --0verall length-------1--~

1 + - - - - - 1 -- - Bearing to bearing length----'""--..

- - - - - - Fabric length-----_..,

Fabric
lo D o D o D oC I thickness

Cross rods - --.--

Spirals welded _ _--1.

f_ __,t
or braz.ed to
cross rods

Table 9-3.2.1-1 Fabric Construction {Metal Mesh Stings)

Heavy Duty Medium Duty Ught Duty

Nominal spiral tums per foot mesh width 35 43 59

Approx. spiral wire size 10 gage 12 gage 14 gage
Equivalent decimal size 0.135 In. 0.105 In. 0.080 In.
Nominal cross rods per foot of fabric 21 30 38
length
Approximate size of ooss rods 8 gage 10 gage 14 gage
Equivalent decimal size 0.162 in. 0.135 In. 0.080 in.
Nominal fabric thickness 'h in. %in. Yi, in.

28
Copyright @2010 by the American Society ofMcchrui1cnl Engineers ~
No rcproducuon may be made oft.Ins mntcriol without ~\rittcn consent or ASME ~
 ~
'O
~

ASME 830.9·2010
"'Q
':T
Q.

..
3
!!l
:l.
!!!.
~
::i
§.
0
l::
ii>
':T
Table 9-3.5.2-1 Rated load for Metal Mesh Slings <
ii
':T
Based on Design Factor = 5 D
c
Effect of Angle on Rated Capacities In
Basket Hitch
...a
a:
0
Vertical or Choker Vertical Basket ::i
60 deg

u - -- 45 deg 30 deg

I 6
'?'
Hitch Type
Width, In. 6 6 0
l::
Q)

,.,
"f

Heavy Duty - 10 gage [Rated Loads in Pounds (lb)) ...'::.:

2 1,600 3,200 2.770 2.260 1,600 C/I
3
3 3.000 6,000 5,200 4.240 3.000 IQ
a;
4 4.400 8.800 7,620 6,210 4,400
6 6.600 13,200 11.430 9,330 6,600
...c
!!!
8 8.800 17.600 15.240 12,440 8,800
g
10 11.000 22,000 19,050 15,550 11,000
..
::i
Cl>
0
12 1),200 26,400 22,860 18,660 13,200 ::i
14 15.400 30.800 26.670 21.770 15,400 <
16 17.600 35,200 30.480 24.880 17.600
19,800
&>
18 39,600 34,290 28.000 19.800 'O
'S
20 22,000 44,000

Medium Duty - 12 gage [Rated Loads In Pounds (lb))

38,100 31,100 22.000
..
~
::i
a.
2 1,450 2,900 2,510 2,050 1.450 .z
3
4
2,170
2,900
4,350
5,800
3.770
5,020
3.070
4.100
2.170
2,900
l~
6,780 ::i
6 4,800 9.600 8,310 4.800 IC
8 6,400 12,800 11,080 9,050 6,400 'O
a
':T
10 8,000 16,000 13.850 11.310 8,000 !!
12 9,600 19,200 16,620 13,570 9.600 [
14 11.200 22.400 19,400 15.830 11.200 c
16 12.800 25,600 22.170 18.100 12.800 ~
18 13.500 27,000 23,380 19,090 13,500 ~
20 15,000 30,000 25,980 21.210 15,000 E>
Q.
g-
'<
Light Duty - 14 gage [Rated loads In Pounds (lb)]
2 900 1.800 1.560 1.270 900 i3
3 1.t•OO 2,800 2,420 1,980 1.400 ...
0
4 2,000 4,800 4,150 3,390 2.000 ::i

6 3.000 6.000 5.190 •U40 3.000 &'0 .

8 4.000 8.000 6.920 5,650 4.000 ::i

10 5,000 10,000 8,660 7,070 5,000

~
12 6.000 12,000 10.390 8.480 6.000 ~
14 7,000 14,000 12,120 9.890 7.000
16 8,000 16,000
18,000
1),850
15.580
11,310
12.720
8,000
9,000
I
18
20
9.000
10.000 20,000 17.320 14.140 10.000 ..~
GENERAL NOTE: For choker hitch, the angle or choke shall be 120 deg or greater (see para. 9·3.5.4). I
83

29
Copyright @20 10 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers ~
& •
No reproduction may be made of this material without wrillen consent of ASME
 ASME 830.9·2010
SECTION 9-3.6: PROOF TEST REQUIREMENTS
9·3.6.1 General
(a) Prior to initial use, all new and repaired metal
mesh slings shall be proof tested by the sling manufac·
turer or a qualified person.
(b) Coated slings shall be proof tested prior to coating.
9·3.6.2 Proof Load Requirements
The proof load shall be a minimum of 2 times the
vertical hitch rated load.
SECTION 9·3.7: SLING IDENTIFICATION
(to) 9·3.7 .1 Identification Requirements
Each sling shall be marked to show
(a) name or trademark of manufacturer
(b) rated load for at least one hitch type and the angle
upon which it is based
(c) width and gauge
(d) number of legs, if more than one
(e) individual sling identifi cation (e.g., serial
numbers)
9·3.7.2 Initial Sling Identification
Sling identification shall be done by the s ling
manufacturer.
9·3.7.3 Maintenance of Sllng Identification
Sling identification should be maintained by the user
so as to be legiole during the life of the sling.
9·3.7.4 Replacement of Sling Identification
Replacement of the sling identification shall be consid-
ered a repair as specified in paras. 9·3.9.S(a) and (b).
Additional proof testing is not required.
SECTION 9·3.8: EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT
9·3.8.1 Temperature
(a) Metal mesh slings covered by this 01apter shall
not be s ubjected to a reduction in rated load if used
m tempera tures below -20°P (-29°C) and above 550°F
(288°C).
(b) All slings covered by this Chapter that are elasto-
metcrcoated should be used only ma temperature range
from 0°F (-18"C) to 200"F (93"C).
(c) Por operation at temperatures outside these ranges
or for other coatings, the sling manufacturer should be
consulted for specific data.
9·3.8.2 Chemically Active Environments
The strength of metal mesh slings can be degraded
by chemkally active environments. Iltls includes expo-
sure to chemkals in the form of solids, liquids, gases,
vapors, or fumes. The sling manufacturer or qualified
30
Copyright © 2010 by the Ame:ncnn Society ofMe,chan ical Engineers
No reproduction may be made of this material without wrmen consent of ASMI:..
person should be consulted before slings are used in
chemically acti ve environments.
SECTION 9-3.9: INSPECTION, REMOVAL, AND
REPAIR
9-3.9.1 Initial Inspection
Prior to use, aU new, altered, modified, or repaired
slings shall be inspected by a designated person to verify
compliance with the applicable provisions of this
ChapteL
9·3.9.2 Frequent Inspection
(a) A visual inspection for damage shall be perfonned
by the user or other designated person each day or shift
the sling is used.
(b) Conditions such as those Listed in para. 9-3.9.4 or
any other condition that may result in a hazard shall
cause the sling to be removed from service. Slings shall
not be returned to service until approved by a qualified
person.
(c) Written records are not required for frequent
inspections
9·3.9.3 Periodic Inspection
(n) A complete inspection fo r damage to the sling
shall be periodically performed by a designated person.
Inspection shall be conducted on the entire length
including splices, end attachments, and fittings. The
sling shall be examined for cond itions such as those
listed in para. 9-3.9.4 and a determination made as to
whether they constitute a hazard.
(b) Periodic /11specfio11 Frequency. Periodic inspection
intervals shall not exceed 1 yr. The frequency of periodic
inspections should be based on
(1) frequency of sling use
(2) severity of service conditions
(3) nature of lifts being made
(4) experience gained on the service life of slings
used in similar circumstances
{c) Guidelines for the time intervals are
(1) normal service - yearl y
(2) severe service - monthly to quarterly
(3) special service - as recommended by a quali-
fied person
(d) A written record of lhe most recerit periodic
inspection shall be maintained and shall include the
condition of the sling.
9·3.9.4 Removal Criteria
A metal mesh sling shall be removed from service if
conditions such as the following are present:
(a) missing or illegible s ling identification (see
Section 9-3.7)
(b) broken weld or a broken brazed joint along the
sling edge
~
~
 ASME 830.9·2010
(c) broken wire in any part of the mesh
(d) reduction in wire diameterof 25% due to abrasion
or 15% due to corrosion
(e) lack of flexibility due to distortion of the mesh
(/) distortion of the choker fitting so the depth of the
slot is increased by more than 10%
(g) distortion of either end fitting so the width of the
eye opening is decreased by more than 10%
(Ir) a 15"/., reduction of the original cross-sectional area
of any point around the hook opening of the end fitting
(i) visible distortion of either end fitting out of its
plane
(j) cracked end fitting
(k) slings In which the spirals are locked or without
free ar ticulation shall not be used
(/) fittings that are pitted, corroded, cracked, bent,
twisted, gouged, or broken
(111) other conditions, including visible damage, that
cause doubt as to the continued use of the sling
9·3.9.5 Repair
(a) Slings shall be repaired onJy by the sling manufac-
turer or a qualified person.
(b) A repaired sling shall be marked to identify the
repairing agency per Section 9-3.7.
(c) Metal mesh and fittings used for sli.n g repair shall
comply with the provisions of this Chapter.
(d) Cracked, broken, bent, or damaged metal mesh or
components shall not be repaired; they shall be replaced.
(e) AJJ repairs shall comply wilh the proof test
requJreme:nts of Section 9-3.6.
(/) Modifications or alterations to the sling or compo-
nents shall be considered as repairs and shall conform
to all other provisions of this Chapter.
SECTION 9·3.10: OPERATING PRACTICES
9-3.10.l Sling Selection
(a) Slings that appear to be damaged shall not be
used unless inspected and accepted as usable under
Section 9-3.9.
(b) Slings having suitable characteristics for the type
of load, hjtch, and environment shall be selected in accor-
dance with the requirements of Sections CJ-3.5 and 9-3.8.
(c) The rated load of the sling shall not be exceeded.
(d) The e:nd fitting shall be of the proper shape and
size to ensure that it is properly seated in the hook or
lifting device.
9-3.10.2 Cautions to Personnel
(n) All portions of the human body shall be kept Crom
between the sling and the load, and from between the
sling and the crane hook or hoist hook.
(b) PersonneJ should never stand in line with or next
to the leg(s) of a sling that is under tension.
31
Copyright © 20 I0 by the American Society ofMechwiical Engineers.
No reproduction may be made oftlns material without wnnen consent of ASME. ~
(c) Personnel shall not stand or pass under a SUS·
pended load.
(d) PersonneJ shall not ride the sling.
(e) Metal mesh slings shall not be used as bridles on
suspended personnel platforms.
9-3.10.3 Effects of Environment
(a) Slings shou ld be stored in an area where they will
not be subjected to mechanical damage, corrosive action,
moisture, extreme temperatures, or kinking (see
Section 9-3.8).
(b) When used at or in contact with extreme tempera·
tures, the guidance provided in Section 9-3.8 shall be
followed.
9-3.10.4 Rigging Practices
(n) Slings shall be shortened or adjusted only by
methods approved by the sling manufacturer or a quali-
fied person.
(b) The load should be evenly distributed across the
w idth or the metal mesh.
(c) The sling shall be hitched in a ma.n ner providing
control of the load.
(d) Slings in contact w ith edges, comers, or protru-
sions shouJd be protected with a material of sufficient
strength, thickness, and construction to prevent damage.
(e) Shock loading should be avoided.
(/) Loads shouJd not be rested on the sling.
Cg) Slings should not be pulled from under a load
when the load is resting on the sling.
(h) Twisting and kinking shall be avoided.
(i) During lifting, with or without load, personnel
shall be alert for possible snagging.
(j) ln a basket hitch, the load should be balanced to
prevent slippage.
(k) When using a basket hitch, the sting shouJd con-
tain or support the load from the sides, above the center
of gravity, so that the load remains under control.
(I) Slings shouJd not be dragged on the floor or over
an abrasive surface.
(m) In a choker hitch, the choke point should only be
on the sling body, not on a weJd, braze, or end fitting.
(11) ln a choker hitch, an angle of choke less than
UO deg shouJd not be used without reducing the rated
Load (see para. 9-3.5.5).
(o) Slings should not be constricted, bunched, or
pinched by the load, hook, or any fitting.
(p) In a choker hitch, the load should be balanced to
prevent edge overload.
(q) Straightening a spiral or cross rod or forcing a
spiral into position shall not be done.
(r) Slings used in pairs shou ld be attached to a
s preader beam.
~
 ASM E 830.9·2010

Chapter 9-4
Synthetic Rope Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance

SECTION 9·4.0: SCOPE (c) Components shall have sufficient strength to sus-
tain twice the rated load of the sling without visible
Chapter 9-4 includes provisions that apply to syn·
permanent deformation.
thetic rope slings (see Fig. 9-4.0-1).
(d) All surfaces shall be deanly finished and sharp
edges removed so as not to cause damage to the rope.
SECTION 9·4.1: TRAINING (e) SUngs incorporating reused, repaired, or welded
Synthetic rope sling users shall be trained in the selec· fittings shall undergo proof load in accordance with
tion, inspection, cautions to personnel, effects of envi· Section 9-4.6.
ronment, and rigging p ractices as covered by this lfJ Slings incorporating aluminum fittings shall not
Chapter. be used where fumes, \rapors, sprays, mists, or liquids
of aJkaJls or acids are present.
(g) Thimbles shall have a minimum diameter at the
SECTION 9·4.2: MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS bearing surface of at least two times the rope diameter.
(10) 9-4.2.1 Synthetic Ropes (11) Hooks, when employed, shall meet the require-
ments of ASME 830.10.
(a) Synthetic fiber materials covered for use in syn·
(i) Rigging hardware, when employed, shall meet the
thetic ropes are nylon and polyester. Rope constructions
requirements of A5ME 830.26.
covered are three-strand laid, eight-strand plaited, single
braided, and double braided. The rope constructions 9-4.2.4 Other Materials
shan be manufactured and tested in accordance with Synthetic ropes and components other than those
one of the fo llowing applicable Cordage Institute listed In paras. 9-4.2.1 and 9-4.2.3 may be employed.
specifications: When such materials are employed, the sling manufac-
Rope Type Designntion turer or a qualified person shall provide specific da ta.
Nylon three-strand laid a 1303 These slings shall comply with all other requirements
Nylon eight-strand plaited a 1303 of this Chapter.
Nylon double braid 013U6
Polyester three-strand laid 0 1304
Polyester eight-strand plaited Cl 1304
SECTION 9·4.3: FABRICATION AND
Polyester double braid a 1307 CONFIGURATIONS
Polyester single br.:ud a 1305 9-4.3.1 Fabrication
(b) Slings made of nylon or polyester rope shall be Splicing is the preferred method of fabricating eye-
made of fibers that have been produced with an appro- and-eye or endless rope components fo r slings. A ll
priate ultraviolet inhibitor. splices shalJ be made in accordance with splicing instruc-
tions provided by the rope manufacturer or a qualified
9·4.2.2 Coati ngs person. In addition, the following shall be observed:
Finishes and coatings shaJI be compatible with the (a) With tuck splices in three-strand and eight-strand
other components and not impair the performance of synthetic ropes, no less than fou r fu ll tucks shall be used.
the sling. Short splices shall contain at least six full tucks, three
on each side of the center of the splice.
9-4.2.3 Components (b) Strand end tails in all tuck splices shalJ not be
Mechanical components used as part of a synthetic trimmed short (cut Ou.sh with the body of the rope). In
rope sling should be selected to meet the following cases where the projecting tails may be objectionable,
requirements; the tails shall be tapered and buried into the body of
(a) Suitability of mechanical or socketed fittings shaU the rope using two additional tucks.
be verified by a qualified person. (c) Synthetic rope slings shall have a minimum undis-
(b) The material shall be compatible with the mechan· turbed length of rope of 10 times the rope diameter
ical and envir onmenta l requirements imposed on the between the last tuck of tuck splices or between the ends
sling. of the buried tails or strands of other types of splices.

32
Copynght © 2010 by Lhe American Society of Mechanical Engineers. &
No reproduction may be made ofLbis matcnal w1thoui wntten consent of ASME. ~
 ASME 830.9·2010

Fig. 9·4.0-1 Synthetic Fiber Rope Slings

Fiber rope
thimble
(optional)

Short splice
(end·for·end) Angle
of Hook
choke (optionall

Multiple-leg Bridle Sling

Eye-and-Eye Endless
Choker IWith Fittings)
GENERAL NOTE: fittings designed for sy11thetic slings should be used.

(d) The diameter and width of the bearing surface of
the fitting can affect the strength of the s ling. The s ling
manufacturer's recommendation should be followed
when fittings are used with the sling.
(e) Knots, clips, or clamps shall not be used to fabri-
cate slings.
(/) lf thimbles do not have ears to prevent rotation,
they should be lashed to the rope. Thimbles should be
used in the sling whenever possible, and installed in a
manner that wi ll prevent the thimble from rotating
inside the eye or falling out of the eye.
9·4.3.2 Configurations
(n) Single-leg slings and two-leg, three-leg, and four-
leg bridle slings used in vertical, choker; and basket
hitches are covered by this Chapter.
(b) Synthetic rope leg(s) shall be either eye-and-eye
or endless.
SECTION 9-4.4: DESIGN FACTOR
The design factor for synthetic rope slings shall be a
minimum of 5.
SECTION 9-4.5: RATED LOAD
The term rnted cnpncity is commonly used to describe
rated load.
9-4.5.1 (10)
These rated loads are based on the following factors:
(11) matedal strength(s)
(b) design factor
{c) type of hitch (see Fig. 9-4.5.1-1)
(d) angle of loading (see Fig. 9-4.5.1-2)
(e) diameter of curvature over which the sling ls used
(Did) (see Pig. 9-4.5.1-3)
NOTE· Rated loads for basket hilches and bridle slings are based
on symmetncal loading. See para. 9-4.lO.l(d) for nonsymmetncal
loading.
9-4.5.2
Tables 9-4.5.2-1 and 9-4.5.2-2 show rated loads for
vertical, choker, and basket hitches. For angles other
than those shown in these tables, use the rated load for
the next lower angle, o r a qualified person shall calculate
the rated load.
9-4.5.3 (10)
Horizontal s ling angles less than 30 deg shall not be
used except as recommended by the sling manufacturer
or a qualified person (see Fig. 9-4.5. 1-2).

33
Copyng1n © 2010 by lbe American Soctety ofMccbamcal Engineers ~
No reproduction may be made of this maierial wi thout written consent of ASME. ~
 ASME 830.9·2010

Fig. 9·4.5.1·1 Hitch Types for Synthetic Rope Slings

FORM OF HITCH

Vertical Choker Basket Hitch

Hitch Hitch (Alternates have identical load ratings)

.
>
w
-0
c
"'~
w

"z
::::l
(/)
u..
0
0
z
Si:

Vertical
angle

The symbols below represent load or support surfaces in contact with the rope sling. The
contact surface diameter divided by the rope diameter Is designated Did ratio as described
In Fig. 9-4.5. 1-3. Tables 9-4.5.2·1 and 9-4.5.2-2 are based on the Did ratios Indicated below.

Represents a contact surface which shall have a diameter of curvature

et least double the diameter of the rope from which the sling Is made.

Represents a contact surface which shall have a diameter of curvature

at least 8 times the dJameter of the rope.

Represents a load In choker hitch and Illustrates the rotary force on

the load and/or the slippage of the rope in contact with the load.
Diameter of curvature of load surface shell be at least double the
diameter of the rope.

GENERAL NOTE: Legs S deg or less from vertical may be considered vertical. For slings more than 5 deg
vertical, the actual angle shall be used. See para. 9-4.5.2.

34
Copyright <G) 20 l 0 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers ~
No reproduction may be made oft.his matcrrnl withou1 wnttc.o consent ofASM.E. ~
 ASME 830.9·2010

Flg. 9·4.5.1·1 Hitch Types for Synthetic Rope Slings (Cont'd)

FORM OF HITCH

Vertical Choker Basket Hitch

Hitch Hitch (Alternates ha ve Identical load ratings)

.,> ., ..
..c. - ..
w
ti
:c :c
c 0 u 0 5
z::: z:::
>
w
..a.
a.
..
a.
a.

Cl
z
::J
II)
u.
0
0
~
:.:

.... - :c.,.. :a
..
:c Ou 0 5
z::: z:::
c
w
.
a.
a.
..
a.
a.

GENERAL NOTE: legs 5 deg or less from vertical may be considered vertical. Sllngs with horizontal angles
less than 30 deg should nol be used. See paras. 9·4.5.2 and 9·4.5.3.

35
Copynghl @2010 by the American Soc1c1y ofMechwiical Engineers ~
No reproduction may be made oflhis matenaJ without written consent of ASME. ~
 ASME 830.9·2010

Fig. 9-4.5.1-2 Angle of Loading

Rg. 9-4.5.1-3 D/ d Ratio

D- B
l.A-<l----- 0 - - -- 1

GENERAL NOTE: When O Is 8 times the component rope diameter

(d ), the Ol d ls expressed as 8/1.

36
e
Copynght 20 I 0 by the American Society of Mcchru11cal Engi neers d&:i
No rcproducuon may I><: made of this material without \~Tilltn consent of ASME- ~
 Table 9-4.S.2· 1 Nylon Rope Slings
Based on Design Factor = 5 and Ra ted Loads Expressed in Pounds (lb)
z0
Eye-and·Eye Slings Endless SUngs
~ (')
~ .g Two-leg Bridle or Basket Basket
g~. Horizontal Angle, deg Horizontal Angle, deg
c:. :::r
0 - Verlical 30 Vertical. Choker 90
Choker 90 60 45 60 45 30
- - - - --- -- --
u
; @ ---
"' "'
'< 0
O" -
n
s~
~ ET
n n
c
Hitch Type
Rope Diameter, In. I 6 u 6 ~ 0 I ~ 0 Q 0
'12 t,100 830 2,200 1,900 1,600 l,100 2,000 1,500 4,000 3,500 2,800 2,000
e. ~ ~' 1,400 1,100 2,800 2,400 2,000 1,400 2,600 2,000 5,200 4,500 3,700 2,600
~ 9. s;, t,800 1,400 J,600 J,100 2,500 1,800 3,200 2,400 6,400 5.500 4,500 3,200
~ g ~ 2.600 2,000 5,200 4.500 3.700 2,600 4,600 3,500 9,200 8,000 6.500 4,600 ~
11, ~
.,.,
§ {/l
3,500 2,600 7,000 6,100 4,900 3,500 6,200 4,700 12,400 10,700 8,800 6,200
e.
..
8.
n
w
'I 1 4.400 J.300 8,800 7,600 6.200 4,400 7.900 5.900 15.800 13,700 11,200 7,900 0
CXI
"'
:'i-<
s- 11/a 5,700 4,300 11,400 9,.9 00 8,100 5,700 10,100 7,600 20,200 17,500 14.300 10,100
:0
0 N
0 -.
!::: s:: 1Y. 7,000 S,300 14,000 12, 100 9.900 7,000 12,400 9,300 24,800 21,500 17,500 12,400 ...
0
0
"" n l ~, 7,700 5,800 15,400 13,300 10,900 7,700 13,700 10,300 27,400 23,700 19,400 13,700
~- g. l '/, 9,700 7,300 19,400 16,800 13.700 9,700 17,400 13.100 34,800 30.100 24,600 17,400
~El
ti o·
8 e. 1% 11,500 8,600 23,000 19,900 16,300 11,500 20,500 15,400 41,000 35,500 29.000 20,500
~ gi 1~ lJ,200 9,900 26,400 22,900 18,700 13,200 23,600 17,700 47,200 40.900 33,400 23.600
E! ~- 2 16,900 12,700 33,800 29.300 23.900 16.900 30,200 22,700 60.400 52.300 42.700 30.200
2, § 2Ye 19,100 14,300 38.200 33, 100 27,000 19,100 34,100 25,600 68,200 59.100 48,200 34,100

~ 2Y.
2Y,
21,400
26,300
16,100
19,700
42,800
52,600
37,100
45,600
30.300
37,200
21.400
26,300
38,JOO
46,900
28,700
35,200
76,600
93,800
66,300
81,200
54,200
66,300
38,300
46,900

e 2%
3

GENERAL NOTES:
28,800
37,100
21,600
27,800
57,600
74,200
49,900
64,300
40.700
52,500
28,800
37.100
51.400
66,200
38,600
49,700
102,800
132,400
89,000
114,700
72.700
93,600
51,liOO
66,200

(a) See Ag. 9·4.0·1 for sling types, fig. 9·4.5.1·1 for hitch types, and flg. 9·4.S.1·2 for sling angle descrlpllons. For D/d considera1ions, see note in Flg. 9·4.5.1·1 and para. 9·4.10.l(f).
(b) For choker hitch, the angle of choke shall be 120 deg or greater (see para. 9·4.5.4).

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 Table 9-4.5.2-2 Polyester Rope Slings
Based on Design Factor = 5 and Rated Loads Expressed in Pounds (lb)
Eye-and-Eye Slings Endless Slings
z
0 Basket Basket
ti ()
"O 0 Horizontal Angl e, deg Horizontal Angle, deg
g_~ Vertical 30 Vertical 90
90 60 45
c -· -Choker
- - - Choker 60 45 30

uu
g.~ -- ---
0
3®
°'
'< 0N
:r ;;
9~
-
Hitch Type
Rope Diameter, In.

y,
I 6
1,000 750 2,000 1,700
6
1,400
~
1,000
0
1,800
l1,400
~
3,600
0 Q
3,100 2,500
Q
1.800
~ :r ~., 1,300 980 2,600 2,300 1,800 1.300 2,300 1,700 4,600 11,000 3,300 2,300
n o
~?
~ 1.600 1,200 3,200 2,800 2,300 1.600 2,800 2.100 5,600 4.800 4,000 2,800
ET "'
-v. 2.200 1.700 4,400 3,800 3.100 2,200 4,000 3,000 8,000 6,900 5,700 4,000 ~
i;;· g ~ 3.000 2,300 6,000 5,200 4,200 3,000 5,400 4,100 10,800 9.400 7.600 5,400 3:
m
~ ~ ~ m
....
~ ~ 1 4,000 3,000 8,000 6,900 5.700 4,000 7,100 5,300 14,200 1 2.300 10,000 7,100 0
::!. 0 \o
::.. ~ 11/, 5.000 3,800 10,000 8,700 7.100 5,000 8,900 6,700 17.800 15,400 11,600 8,900 ;..,
.. 0
s . .:;z 11/• 6,000 4,500 12,000 10,400 8,500 6,000 10,600 8,000 21,200 18,400 15,000 10,600 g
5-
0
0
....,
t v., 6.500 4,900 13,000 t 1,300 9,200 6,500 11,600 8,700 23,200 20.100 16,400 11,600
0

~~ 11/, 8,400 6,300 16,800 14,500 11,900 8,400 15,100 11.300 30,200 26.200 21,400 15,100
~• g
I:>" 1 ~la 9,900 7,400 19,800 17,100 14,000 9,900 17,600 13,200 35.200 30.500 24,900 17.600
g ~- 1 3~ 11,/100 8.600 22,800 19.700 16,100 11.400 20,400 15.300 40.800 35.300 28,800 20,400
8 e:. 2 14,400 10,800 28,800 24,900 20,400 14,400 25.700 19,300 51.400 44,500 36,300 25,700
ii: gi 2Y. 16,200 12,200 32.400 28,100 22,900 16,200 28,900 21,700 57,800 50,100 40,900 28,900
g~
- ::::J
0..... !t
" 2Y. 18, 100 13,600 36,200 31,300 25.600 18,100 32,300 24,200 64,600 55.900 45.700 32,300
~ v• 2Y, 22,000 16,500 44,000 38,100 31,100 22,000 39,300 29,500 78,600 68,100 55,600 39.300

~
2Y, 24,200 18,200 48,400 41,900 31i,200 24,200 43,200 32,400 86,400 74,800 61,100 43,200
3 31,200 23,400 62.400 54,000 44,100 31,200 55.700 41,800 111,400 96,500 78,800 55,700

e GENERAL NOTES:
(a) See Ag. 9·4.0·1 for sling types. Fig. 9·4.5.H tor hitch types, and Fig. 9·4.5. 1·2 for sling angle descriptions. For Did considerations, see note In Fig. 9·4.5.1·1 and para . 9-4.10.1(1).
(b) For choker hitch, the angle of choke shall be 120 deg or greater (see para. 9·4.5.4).

WOO lOOJllll.POl"MMNI '":>Ut ':>IJ!JUOl:>S uoswo41..<q po1nqu1s1a ·po11q140Jd 6U!'ll.IOMIDN pus 6u1..<do~ ·A1uo BIUB:>ll J&Sn 016u1s •~ ~oz:·A81to1·S~ uo 141runo 481h4BW 01 p911U9:>!1181JOl8W po146µ,<dOQ
 ASME 830.9-2010

Ag. 9·4.5.4-1 Angie of Choke the sting shall be identified with a rated load consistent
with the lowest load rating of any of the components.

SECTION 9 -4.6 : PROOF TEST REQUIREMENTS

9-4.6.1 General
(n) Prior to initial use, all synthetic fiber rope slings
incorporating previously used or welded fittings and
all repaired slings sha ll be proof tested by the sting
ma11ufacturer or a qualified person.
(b) All other new synthetic fiber rope slings and fit-
tings arc not required lo be proof tested unless specified
by the purchaser

9-4.6 .2 Proof Load Requiremen ts

(n) For single- or multiple-leg slings and endless
stings, each leg shall be proof loaded to a minimum of
2 times the single-leg vertical hitch rated load.
(b) The proof load for fittings attached to single legs
shall be a minimum of 2 times the single-leg verticaJ
hitch rated load.
(c) Masterlinks for hvo-leg bridle stings shaJI be proof
loaded to a minimum of 4 times the single-leg vertical
hitch rated load
Angle of Choke, deg Rated Capacity, 'II. (Note (1)) (d) Master links for three-leg bridJc stings shall be
Over 120 100 proof loaded to a minimum of 6 times the single-leg
90-120 87 vertical hitch rated load.
60-89 74 (c) Master links for four-leg bridle slings shall be proof
30-59 62
loaded to a minimum of 8 times the single-leg vertical
0-29 49
hitch rated load.
NOTE:
(1) Percent of sllng rated capacity In a choker hitch.
SECTION 9-4.7: SLING IDENTIACATION
9-4.7.1 Identification Requirements (10)
(10) 9-4.5.4
Each sling shall be marked to show
Tables 9-4.5.2-1 and 9-4.5.2-2 show rated loads for (n) name or trademark of manufacturer
choker hitches for specific grades of synthetic fiber rope, (b) manufacturer's code or stock number
provided that the angle of choke is 120 deg or greater
(cJ rated load for at least one hitch type and the angle
(see Fig. 9-4.5.'4-1)
upon which it is based
9-4.5.5 (d) type of fiber material
(e) number of legs, if more than one
Rated loads for angles of choke less than 120 deg shall
be determined by using the \raJues in Fig. 9-1.5.4-1, the 9-4.7.2 Initial SUng Identification
sling manufacturer, or a qualified person
Sling identification sha ll be done by the sling
9-4.5.6 manufacturer.
Other synthetic rope materials and configurations not
9-4.7.3 Maintenance of Sling Identification
covered by this Chapter shall be rated in accordance
with the recommendation of the sting manufacturer or Sling 1dcntification should be maintained by the user
a qualified person, and shall conform to all other provi- so as to be legible during the life of the sBng.
sions of this Chapter.
9·4.7.4 Replacement of Sling Identification
9-4.5.7
Replacement of the sling identification shall be consid-
When components of U1e sling have a lower ra ted ered a repair as specified In paras. 9-4.9.5(a) and (b).
load than the synthetic rope with which it is being used, Addihonal proof testing is not required.

39
Copyright~ 2010 by the Amencan Soc1ct} ofMechnn1cal l:.ng111ccrs. ~
No reproduction may be made of this material without written consent of ASME. ~
 ASME BJ0.9·2010
SECTION 9-4.8: EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT
9-4.8.1 Temperature
(a) Polyester and nylon rope slings shall not be used
in contact with objects or at temperatures in excess of
194°F (90°C) or at temperatures below -40°F (-40°C).
(bJ Some synthetic yams do not retain their published
breaking strength during long-term exposure above
l40°F (60°C). The rope s ling manufacturer should be
consulted for the effects of long-term heat exposure.
9·4 .8.2 Chemically Active Environments
The strength of synthelic rope slings Clln be degraded
by chemically active environments. This includes expo-
sure to chemicals in the form of solids, liquids, gases,
vapors, or fumes The sling manufacturer or qualified
person should be consulted before slings are used in
chemically active environments.
9·4.8 .3 Sunlight and Ultraviolet Ught
The strength of synthetic rope slings is degraded by
exposure to sunlight o r ultraviolet light. The sling manu-
facturer or qualified person should be consu lted for
additional retirement o r inspection requirements. For
additional degradatmn uuormation, see CI 2001-04.
SECTION 9·4.9: INSPECTION, REMOVAL, AND
REPAIR
9·4.9.1 Initial lnspectlon
Prior to use, all new, altered, modified, or repaired
sUngs shall be inspected by a designated person to verify
compliance with the applicable provisions of this
Chapter.
9·4.9.2 Frequent Inspection
(a) A visual inspection for damage shall be performed
by the user or other designated person each day or shi~
the sling is used.
(b) Conditions such as those listed in para. 9-4.9.4 or
any other conrution that may result in a hazaro shall
cause the sling to be removed from service. Slings shall
not be returned to service until approved by a quaUfied
person.
(cJ Written records are not requi red for frequent
inspections.
(10) 9·4.9.3 Periodic Inspection
(a) A complete inspection for damage to the s ling
shall be periodically performed by a designated person
Each sling and component shall be examined individu-
a lly, taking care to expose and examine all surfaces.
Inspection shall be conducted on the entire length
including splices, end attachments, and fittings . The
sling shall be examined for conditions such as those
listed in para. 9-4.9.4 and a determination made as to
whether they constitute a hazard.
40
Copyng.hl @2010 b) lhc American Sociel) of Mechanical Engincen..
o rcproducuon may be made ofllus matcnnl w1lhou1 wnnen consent of ASMr
(b) Periodic fllspectio11 freq11e11cy. Periodic inspection
intervals shall not exceed 1 yr. The frequency of periodic
inspections should be based on
0
(1) frequency of sling use
!'.
(2) severity of service conditions •<
::r
(3) nature of lifts being made
~
(4) experience gained on the service life of slings
2iil
used in similar circumstances
(c) Guidelines for the time intervals arc
..
~
(1) normal service - yearly g
(2) severe service - monthly to quarterly
(3) special service - as recommended by a quali-
Oed person
(d) Documentation that the most recent periodic
inspection was performed shall be maintained.
(e) Inspection records of individual s langs are not
required.
9·4.9.4 Removal Criteria
A synthetic rope sling shall be removed from service
If conditions such as the following are present·
(n) missing o r illegible s ling identification (see
Section 9-4.7)
(b) cuts, gouges, areas of extensive fiber breakage
along the length, and abraded areas on the rope
(c) damage that is estimated to have reduced the effec-
tive diameter of the rope by more than 10%
(d ) uniform fiber breakage along the ma1or part of
the length of the rope in the sling such that the entire
rope appears covered with fua o r whiskers
(e) inside the rope, Ober breakage, fused o r melted
fibe r (obser ved by prying o r twisting to open the
strands) involving damage estimated at 10% of the fiber
in any strand or the rope as a whole
(/) discoloration, brittle fibers, and hard or stiff areas
that may Indicate chemical damage, ultraviolet damage,
or heat damage
(g) dirt and grit m the interior of the rope structure
that is deemed excessive
(11) foreign matter that has permeated the rope and
makes it difficult to handle and may attract and hold grit
(i) kinks or distortion in the rope structure, particu-
larly if caused by forcibly pulling on loops (known as
hackles)
(j) melted, hard, or cha rrcd areas that affect m.ore than
10% of the diameter of the rope or affect several adjacent
strands along the length that affect more than 10% of
strand diameters
(k) poor condition of thimbles or other components
manifested by corrosion, cracks, distortion, sharp edges,
or locali.Led wear
{f) fo r hooks, removal criteria as stated in
ASME 830.10
(111) for rigging hardware, removal criteria as stated
in ASM E 630.26
~
'1lii'
 ASME 830.9·2010
(11} other v1Sible damage that causes doubt as to the
strength of the sling
(10) 9-4.9.5 Repair
(a) Slings shall be repaired only by the sling manufoc-
turer or a qualified person.
(b) A repaired sling shall be marked to identify the
repairing agency per Section 9-4.7
(cJ Components used for sling repair shall comply
with the provtS1ons of thts Chapter.
(d) The ropes that make up the sling shall not be
respliccd or knotted to effect repairs.
(e) All repairs shall comp ly with the proof test
requirements of Section 9-4.6
<fJ Modifications, alterations, or repairs to end attach-
ments or fittings shall be approved by the sling manufac-
turer, fitting or component manufacturer, or a qualified
person and shall conform to all other provisions of the
Chapter.
(g) Rcpa ir of hooks (ASM E 830.10), rigging hardwa re
(ASM E 830 26), below-the-hook Lifting devices
(ASME B30.20), or other special devices shall comply
with the repair instrucbons in the applicable volumes.
SECTION 9-4.10: OPERATING PRACTICES
9-4.10.l Sling Selection
(a) Slings that appear to be damaged shall not be
used unless inspected and accepted as usable under
Section 9-4.9.
(b) Slings having suitable characteristics for the type
of load, hitch, and environment shall be selected in accor-
dance with the requirements of Sections 9-4.5 and 9-4.8.
(c) The rated load of the sling shall not be exceeded.
(d) For multiple-leg slmgs used with nonsymmetricaJ
loads, an analysis by a qualified person should be per-
formed to prevent overloading of any leg.
(t) Multiple-leg slings shall be selected according to
Tables 9-4.5.2-1 and 9-4.5.2-2 when used at the specific
angles given in the table. Operation at other angle:. shall
be limited to rated loads of Uic ne>.t lower angle given
in the table or calculated by a qualified person.
<JJ When Did ratios (sec Fig. 9-4.5.1-3) smaller than
those cited in Fig. 9-4.5.1-1 arc necessary, the rated load
of the sling shall be decreased Consult the sling manu-
facturer o r a qualified person.
(g) The component shall be of the proper shape and
size to ensure that it is properly seated in the hook or
lifting device.
9-4.10.2 Cautions to Personnel
(a) All portions of the human body shall be kept from
between the s ling and the load, and from between the
sling and the crane hook or ho1St hook.
(b) Personnel should never stand in line wtth or next
to the leg(s) of a sling that is under tension.
41
Copyright ~ 20 I0 b) lhe Amencan Society ofMc:chon1cal f:ngineers.
No rcproducuon may be made oftlus matcnal "1lhout \\Tillcn con.~cnt or ASME ~
(c) Personnel shall not stand or pass under a sus-
pended load
(d) Personnel shall not ride Lhe s ling.
(e) Synthetic rope slings shall not be used as bridles
on suspended personnel platforms.
9-4.10.3 Effects of Environment
(a) Slings should be stored man area where they will
not be subjected to mechanical, chemical, or ultraviolet
damage or extreme temperatures (sec Section 9-4.8).
(b) When used at or in contact with extreme tempera-
tures, the guidance provided in Section 9-4.8 shall be
followed .
(c) Do not store nylon ropes m areas where they may en
:;
become impregnated with rust. c
(d) Slings exposed to salt water should be thoroughly
rinsed with fresh water to prevent mechanical damage
..
ii
c:
~
from salt crystnls when the rope d ries.
9-4.10.4 Rigging Practices
(a) Slings shall be shortened or adjusted only by
methods approved by the sling manufacturer or a quali-
fied person
(b) Slings shall not be shortened or lengthened by
knotting or twisting.
(c) The sling shall be hitched in a manner providing
control of the load
(d) Slings in contact with edges, comers. protrusions,
or abrasive surfaces shall be protected with a material
of sufficient strength, thickness, and construction to pre-
vent damage.
(e) Shock loading should be avoided.
<JJ Loads should not be rested on the sling.
<g) Slings should not be pulled from under a load
when the load IS resting on the s ling.
(11) Twisting and kinking shall be avoided
(iJ During lifting, wi th o r without load, personnel
shall be alert for possible snagging.
(j) When using multiple basket or choker hitches, the
load should be rigged to prevent the sling from s lipping
or sliding along the load.
.
(k) When using a basket hitch, the legs of the sling
should con tam or support the load from the sides, above
the center of gravity, so that the load remains under I
control.
(/) Slings s hould not bc dragged on the floor or over
an abrasive surface.
(mJ In a choker hitch, the choke point should only be
on the sling body, not on a splice or fitting.
(11) In a choker hitch, an angle of choke less than
UO deg should not be used without reducing the rated
load (see para. 9-4.5.5).
c.'!>.:i
 ASME 830.9·2010

(o) Slingc; should not be constricted, bunched, or

pinched by the load, hook, or any fitting.
(p) The load applied lo the hook should be centered
in the base (bowl) of the hook to prevent point loading on
the hook, unless the hook ts designed for point loading.
(q) An object in the eye of a sling should not be wider
than one-third the length of the eye.
(r) Sling and load shall not be allowed to rotate when
hand-tucked slings al'{' used in a single-leg vertical lift
application. Care shaU be taken to minimize sling
rota tion.

42
Copyright© 2010 b} lhc American Socitt} of Mechanical Fnginccrs. &
No n:producuon may be made ofLlllS material w11hou1 wrincn consent of ASME. ~
 ASME 830.9·2010

Chapter 9-5
Synthetic Webbing Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance

SECTION 9·5.0: SCOPE These s lings shall comply with all other requirements
of this Chapter.
Chapter 9·5 includes provisions that apply to syn·
thetic webbing s lings (see Figs. 9-5.0-1 and 9-5.0-2).
SECTION 9·5.3: FABRICATION AND
CONFIGURATIONS
SECTION 9·5.1: TRAINING
9·5.3.1 Fabrication
Synthetic webbing s ling users shall be trained in the
(n) Stitching shall be the method for fabricating syn·
~Jection, mspection, cautions to personnel, effects of
lhctic webbing s lings.
the environment, and rigging practices as covered by
(b) The thread shall be the same yam type as the i.ling
this Chapter
webbing
(c) The diameter and width of the bearing surface of
SECTION 9·5.2: MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS the fitting can affect the strength of the sling. The sling
manufacturer's recommendation should be followed
9·5.2.1 Webbing when fittings are used with the sling.
The synthetic webbing shall be manufactured and
tested in accordance with WSTDA·WB-1. 9·5.3.2 Configurations
(n) Single-leg s lings and two-leg, three-leg, and four-
9·5.2.2 Thread leg bn dle lings used m vertical, choker, and basket
The thread used in the fabrication of synthetic web- hitches arc covered by this Chapter.
bing s lings shall be manufactured. and tested in accor- (b) One-ply, two-ply, and fou r-ply slings are covered
dance with WSTDA-TH-1 . by U1is 01aptcr.
(c) Other configurations may be used. When used, the
9·5.2.3 Coatings s ling manufacturer o r a qualified person shall provide
Finishes and coatings s hall be compatible w ith the specific data. These slings shall comply with all other
othe r components and not impair the peclormance of requirements of this Chapter.
the s ling.
SECTION 9·5.4: DESIGN FACTOR
9·5.2.4 Components
The design factor for synthebc webbing slings shall
(n) Fittings shall be manufactured to ensure that the be a minimum of 5.
rated load shall be at least the same as the synthetic
webbing sling
(b) Fittings shall have sufficient strength to sustam SECTION 9·5.5: RATED LOAD
twice the rated load of the sling without vtSible perma- The tcnn rated cnpncity is commonly used to describe
nent deformation rated load.
(c) All surfaces of fittings shall be cleanly finished
and sharp edges removed. 9·5.5.1 (10)
(d) Hooks, when employed, c;hall meet the require- These rated loads are based on the following factors:
ments of ASME 830.10. (a) matenal strength(s)
(e) Rigging hardware, when employed, shall meet the (bJ des1gn factor
requirements of ASME 830.26. (c) type of hitch
(d) angle of loading (sec Fig. 9-5.5.1-1)
(10) 9·5.2.5 Other Materials (e) diameter of curvature over which the sling is used
Synthetic webbmgs or components other than those <JJ fabrication efficiency
listed m paras. 9-5.2.1 and 9·5.2.4 may be employed. NOTE: Rated loods for basket hitches and bridle slings are bnscd
When such materials are employed, the sling manufac· on symmetrical lo.idlng 54.'I! para. 9-5.10.l(d) for nonsymmclrical
turcr o r a qualified person s hall provide specific data. loading.

Copyright® 2010 b) the American Society ofMechM1cal Engineers &

No reproduction may be made ofth1s material without written conscn1 or ASMC. ~
 ASME 830.9·2010

Fig. 9·5.0·1 Synthetic Webbing Slings

~====3ll>
L_----~

Sling made with a triangle fitting on one end and a

slotted lriangle choker fitting on the other end. 11 can
be used In a vertical, basket, or choker hitch.
Type I

Sling made with a triangle fitting on both ends. It can be

used In a vertical or basket hitch only.
Type II
Fig. 9·5.0·2 Synthetic Webbing Sling Nomenclature (10)

Load-
bearlng Loop eye
Sling made with a flat loop eye on each end with loop eye
opening on same plane as sling body. This type of sllng is
I• splice , I• length

sometimes called a flat eye-and-eye, eye-and-eye, or

double-eye sling.
Type Ill ,..._ _ _ _ Body-----+;

Sling made with both loop eyes formed as in Type Ill,

~--------- Length ~---------+!
except that the loop eyes are turned to form a loop eye
which Is at a righl angle to the plane of the sling body.
This type of sling is commonly referred to as a
twisted-eye sling.
Type IV

c::::::r~~§§.§i ~~~~§~~
~------eody -------+I

Endless sling, sometimes referred to as a grommeL It is

a continuous loop formed by joining the ends of Iha
webbing together.
TypeV

Return-eye (reversed-eye) sling is formed by using

multiple widths of webbing held edge-to-edge. A wear
pad is attached on one or both sides of the sling body
and on one or both sides of the loop eyes to form a loop
eye at each end which is at a right angle to the plane of
the sling body.
Type VI

44
Copyright ~ 2010 by the American Soc1ct} of Mechanical Engineers &
No reproduction ma) be made oftlus material wnl1out written consent or ASME ~
 ASME BJ0.9·2010

Fig. 9·5.S.1-1 Angle of Loading

45
Copyright iii> 2010 b} lhe Ami:ncan Soc1t:l) of Mechanical Engineers ~
No rcproducuon may be made ofth1s matcriol w1lhom wri11en conscm or ASME ~
 ASME 830.9·2010

(10) Table 9 -5.5.2-1 Rated Load for One-Ply, Class 5 Synthetic Webbing Slings
Types I, II, 111, and IV Two-leg or Single Basket
Single-leg Horitontal Angle TypeV
0
Vertical Choker Vertical Basket Vertical 60 deg
--- 45 deg 30 deg
--- Endless Vertical E
u lf u
:r
s
Hitch Type
Width, In.

1
I 6
1,100 BBO 2.200 2,200 1,900
~ r1
1,600 1.100
0
2.200
•:r
2
ii
...
:!:
1~ 1.600 1,280 3,200 3,200 2,800 2,300 1,600 3,200 g
1% 1.900 1,520 3.800 3.800 3.300 2,700 1,900 3,800
2 2.200 1.760 4.400 4,400 3,800 3,100 2,200 4,400

3 3.300 2.640 6,600 6,600 5,700 4,700 3.300 6,600

4 4,400 3,520 8,800 8,800 7,600 6.200 4.400 8,800
5 s.soo 4,400 11.000 11,000 9.SOO 7,800 5,500 11.000
6 6,600 5,280 13,200 13.200 11,400 9.300 6.600 13.200

GENERAL NOTES:
Ca) Rated loads ched In this Chapter are based on pin diameters shown In WSTOA·WS-1 . Pin diameters smaller than these may reduce the
rated load or the sling.
(b) The rated loads are based on stuffer weave construction webbing with a minimum certined tensile strength or 6,800 lb/ In. or width or
the webbing.
(c) Rated toads for Types Ill and IV stings apply to both tapered and nontapered eye constructions. Rated loads for Type V shngs are
based on nontapered webbi ng.
(cf) For Type VI slings, consult the manufacturer for rated loads.
(e) For choker hitch. the angle or choke shall be 120 deg or greater (see para. 9· 5.5.6).

9-5.5.2 a qualified person, and shall conform to alJ other provi-

Tables 9-5.5.2-1 through 9-5.5.2-5 show rated loads for
slngle-leg vertiCill, choker, and basket hitches, and two-
leg bridle slings. For angles other than those shown in
these tables, use the rated load for the next lower angle,
or a qualified person shall calculate the rated load.
(10) 9-5.5.3
1loruontal sling angles less than 30 deg shall not be
used except as recommended by the sling manufacturer
or a qualified person (see Fig. 9-5.5.1-1).
(10) 9-5.5.4
Tables 9-5.5.2-1 through 9-5.5.2-5 show rated loads for
choker hitches for specific types of synthetic webbing
slings, provided that the angle of choke is 120 deg or
greater (see Fig. 9-5.5.4-1)
9-5.5.5
Rated loads for angles of choke less than 120 deg shaU
be detenmncd by using the values in Fig. 9-55.4-1, the
sling manufacturer, or a qualified person.
9-5.5.6
Other synthetic webbing materials and configurations
not covered by this Chapter sha ll be rated in accordance
with the recommendation of the sling manufacturer o r
sions of this Chapter.
9-5.5.7
When components of the sling have a lower rated
load lhan lhe synthetic webbing with which it is being
used, Lhe s ling shall be identified with a rated Load
consistent with the lowest load rating of any of the
components.
SECTION 9-5.6: PROOF TEST REQUIREMENTS
9-5.6.1 General (10)
(11) Prior to initial use, all synthetic webbing slings
incorporating previously used o r welded fittings and
au repaired slings shall be proof tested by the sling
manufacturer or a qualified person
(b) All other new synthetic webbing slings and fit-
tings are not required to be proof tested unless specified
by the purchaser
9-5.6.2 Proof Load Requirements
(11) For single- or multiple-leg s lings and endless
slings, each leg shall be proof loaded to 2 times the
single-leg vertical hitch rated load
(b) The proof load for fittings a ttached to single legs
shall be a minimum of 2 times the single-leg vertical
hi tch rated load

46
Copynght © 2010 by the American Socict) of Mechanical Engineers ~
No n:productron may be made of lb.is motennl wllhout written consent of ASME ~
 ASME 830.9·2010

Rated Load for Two-Ply, Class 5 Synthetic Webbing Slings (10)

TWo-Leg or Single Basket
Horizontal Angl e Type V
Vert ical 60 deg 45 deg 30 deg Endl ess Vertical
--- ---
II u ~ ~ 0
4,400 4,llOO 3.800 3,100 2,200 4,400
6,600 6.600 5.700 4,700 3.)00 6,600
7,600 7.600 6.600 5.400 3,800 7,600
8,800 B.800 7,600 6,200 4,400 8,800

13.200 tJ.200 11,400 9,300 6,600 13,200

16.400 16,400 14,200 11.600 8,200 16,400
20,400 20,400 17,700 14,400 10.200 20.400
24,600 24,600 21,300 17,400 12,300 24,600

(a) Rated loads cited In this Chapter are based on pin diameters shown In WSTOA·WS-1. Pin diameters smaller than these may reduce the
rated load or the sllng.
(b) The rated loads are based on sturrer weave construction webbing with a minimum certlfled tensile strength or 6.800 lb/ In. or width or
the webbing.
(c) Rated loads ror Types Ill and IV slings apply to both tapered and nontapered eye constructions. Ra ted loads for Type V slings are
based on nontapered webbing.
(d) f or Type VI slings, consult the manufacturer for rated loads.
(e) For choker hitch, the angle or thoke shall be 120 deg or greater (see para. 9·5.5.4).

Table 9· 5.5.2· 3 Rated Load for One-Ply, Class 7 Synthetic Webbing Slings (10)

Types I, II. Ill, and IV Two-Leg or Sing1e-Basket

Single-Leg Horizontal Angle TypeV
Vertical Choker Vertical 60 deg 45 deg 30 deg Endless Vertical
--- ---
Hitch Type
Width, In.

1
I 0
1,600 1,280 3,200
II
3,200
u 2,800
~
2,300
~
1,600
0
3,200
l 'l'1 2,300 1,840 4,600 4,600 4,000 3,300 2,300 4,600
1~ 2,700 2,160 5,400 5.400 4,700 3.800 2.700 5.400
2 3.100 2,480 6,200 6,200 5,400 4,600 3,100 6.200
3 4.700 3.760 9.400 9.400 8,100 6,600 4,700 9,400
4 6.200 4.960 12,AOO 12,400 10.700 8.800 6.200 12.400
5 7,800 6,240 15,600 15,600 13,500 11,000 7.800 15.600
6 9,300 7,440 18,600 18,600 16.100 13,200 9.300 18.600
8 11.800 9.440 23.600 23.600 20,400 16,700 11,800 23,600
10 14,700 11.760 29,400 29,400 25.500 20.800 14.700 29.400
12 17.600 14,080 35,200 35.200 30,500 24,900 17.600 35.200

GENERAL NOTES:
(a) Rated loads cited In this Chapter are based on pin diameters shown in WSTDA·WS-1. Pin diameters smaller than these may reduce the
rated load or the sling.
(b) The rated loads are based on stuffer weave construction webbing with a minimum certified tensile strength or 9.800 lb/ in. of width or
the webbing.
(c) Rated loads for Types Ill and IV sllngs apply to both tapered and nontapered eye constructions. Rated loads for Type V slings are
based on nontapered webbing.
(d) For Type VI slings, consult the manufacturer for rated loads.
{e) For choker hitch, the angle or choke shall be 120 deg or greater (see para. 9·5.5.4).

47
Copyright @ 20 I0 by the Amcm;an Society of Mechwucal Eogmecr s. r.<i:i
No rcproducuon may be made ofthL~ mnu:rinl ''1th out written consent of ASMl:. ~
 ASME 830.9·2010

(10) Table 9-5.5.2-4 Rated load for Two-Ply, Class 7 Synthetic Webbing Slings
Types I, II, Ill, and IV Two-Leg or Single-Basket
Single-leg Horizontal Angle TypeV
Vertical 30 deg
Vertical
-60-deg- 45 deg
--- Endless Vertical

Hitch Type
Width, In.

l
I
3,100 2,1180 6.200
I 6
6,200 5.400
~
4,400 3.100
0
6,200
1% 4.700 3.760 9.400 9.400 8,100 6,600 4,700 9,400
1% 5.400 4,320 10.800 10.800 9.400 7.600 5,400 10,800
2 6,200 4,960 12.400 12.400 10,700 8.800 6,200 12,400
3 8,800 7,040 17,600 17,600 15,200 12,400 8.800 17,600
4 11,000 8,800 22,000 22.000 19.100 15,600 11.000 22,000
5 13,700 10,960 27.400 27,400 23.700 19.400 1),700 27,400
6 16,500 13.200 33,000 33,000 28,600 23,000 16.500 33.000
8 22,700 18.160 45,400 45,400 39.300 32.100 22.700 45,400
10 28.l•OO 22.720 56,800 56,800 49.200 40.200 28.400 56,800
12 34,100 27,280 68,200 68,200 59,100 48,200 34,100 68,200

GENERAL NOTES;
(a) Rated loads cited In this Chapter are based on pin diameters shown In WSTOA·WS-1. Pin diameters smaller than these may reduce the
rated load of the sling,
(b) The rated loads are based on stuffer weave construe.lion webbing with a minimum certlned tensile strenglh or 9,800 lb/In. or width or
the webbing.
(c) Raced loads for Types Ill and tV slings apply to both tapered and nontapered eye constructions. Rated loads for Type V s11ngs are
based on nontapered webbing.
(d) For Type VI slings. consult the manufacturer for rated loads.
(e) For choker hitch, the angle or choke shall be 120 deg or greater (see para. 9·5.5.4)

(10) Table 9-S.5.2-5 Rated Load for Four-Ply, Cla.ss 7 Synthetic Webbing Slings
Types I, 11, 111. and IV

Single-Leg Two-leg or Single Basket

Horizontal Angle
Vertical
Vertical Choker Basket Vertical

-I 6
deg
-60-- -45-deg- 30 deg
---
Hitch Type
Width, in.

1 5,500 4,400 11,000 11,000 9.500 7.800 5,500

2 11.000 8.800 U,000 22,000 19,100 15.600 11.000
3 16.400 13.120 32,800 32,800 28,400 23.200 16,400
4 20,400 16.320 40,800 40,800 35.300 28.800 20,400
5 25,500 20,400 51,000 51,000 44.200 36.100 25,500
6 30,600 24,<180 61.200 61.200 53.000 43,300 30.600

GENERAL NOTES;
(a) Rated loads cited In this Chapter are based on pin diameters shown In WSTDA·WS-1. Pin diameters smaller than these may reduce the
rated load or the sling.
(b) The rated loads are based on stuffer weave construction webbing with a minimum certified tensile strength of 9.800 lb/In. of width of
the webbing.
(c) Rated loads for Types Ill and IV slings apply 10 both tapered and nontapered eye constructions. Rated loads for Type v s11ngs are
based on nonlapered webbing.
(d) For Types VI and V stings, consult the manufacturer for rated loads.
(e) For thoker hitch, the angte or choke shall be 120 deg greater (see para 9·5.5.4).

Copyright @2010 b> the American Soc1ct1 of Mechanical Engineers ~

No ll:producuon ma} be made of this mmcrinl wnhout wmten consent of ASME:. ~
 i
ID
::r
ASME BJ0.9·2010 i
•g3
!!.
Ag. 9·5.5.4·1 Angte of Choke 9· 5.7.2 Initial Sling Identification
Sl ing 1dent1f1cat1on shall be done by the sling
manufacturer.

9·5.7.3 Maintenance of Sling Identification

Sling identification should be maintained by the user
so as to be legible during the life of the s ling.

9·5.7.4 Replacement of Sling Identification

Replacement of the s ling identification shall be consid·
crcd a repair as specified in paras. 9·5.9.S(a) and (b).
Additional proof testing is not required.

SECTION 9·5.8: EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT

9-5.8.1 Temperature
Polyester and nylon webbing slings shall not be used
in contact with an object o r at temperatures in excess
of 194°f (90°C) or below -40°F (-40°C).

9·5.8.2 Chemically Active Environments

The strength of synthetic webbing s lings can be
degraded by chemically active environments This
includes exposure to chemicals in the form of solids,
Angle of Choke. deg Rat~ capacity, '% (Note (1)1 liquids, gases, \'apors, or fumes. The sling manufacturer
or qualified person should be consulted before slings
Over 120 100
90-120 87 are used in chemically active environments.
60- 89 74
30-59 62 9·5.8.3 Sunlight and Ultraviolet light
0-29 49 The strength of synthetic webbing slings is degraded
by exposure to sunlight o r ultraviolet Light. The sling
NOTE: manufacturer or qualified person should be consulted
(1) Percent of sting rated capadty In a choker hitch.
for additional rel ircmcnt o r Inspection requirements. For
addJtional degradation information, see WSTOA-UV·
Sling-2003.
(c) Master links for two-leg bridle slings shaU be proof
loaded to a minimum of 4 times the single-leg vertical SECTION 9·5.9 : INSPECTION, REMOVAL, AND
hitch rated load. REPAIR
(d) Master links for three-leg bridle slings shall be
proof loaded to a minimum of 6 times the single-leg 9·5.9.1 Initial Inspection
vertical hitch rated load. Prio r to use, all new, a ltered, modified, or repaired
(e) Master links for four-leg bridle slings shall be proof slings shall be inspected by a designated person to verify
loaded to a minimum or 8 limes the single-leg vertical complaanct? with the applicable provisions of this
hitch rated load Chapter

9· 5.9.2 Frequent Inspection

SECTION 9-5.7: SLING IDENTIFJCATION (a) A visual inspection for damage shall be performed
(to) 9· 5.7.1 Identification Requirements by the user o r other designated person each day or shift
the sling is used.
Each sling shall be marked to show (b) Conditions such as those listed in para. 9-5.9.4 or
(n) name or trademark of manufacturer any other condition that may result in a hazard shall
(b) manufacturer's code or stock number cause the sling to be removed from service. Slings shall
(c) rated load for at least one hitch type and the angle not be returned to service until app roved by a qualified
upon which it is based person.
(d) type or synthetic web material (c) Written records arc not required for frequent
(e) number or legs, if more than one inspections.

49
Copyrlghl ~ 2010 b) the American Society orMechw11cul Engineers ~
No reproduction may be made ofllus m1uerial without wnncn consent of ASME ~
 ASME 830.9·2010
(10) 9-5.9.3 Periodic Inspection
(n) A complete inspection for damage to the sling
c;hall be periodically performed by a designated person.
Each sling and component c;hall be examined individu-
ally, taking care to expose and exarrune all surfaces The
sling shall be examined for conditions such as those
listed in para. 9-5.9.4 and a determination made as to
whether they constitute a hazard
(b) Periodic l11spectio11 frequency. Periodic inspection
mteTVals shall not exceed 1 yr. The frequency of periodk
inspections should be based on
(1) frequency of sling use
(2) severity of service conditions
(3) nature of lifts being made
(4) experience gained on the service life of slings
usedinsimilar circumstances
(c) Guidehnes for the lime mtervals are
(1) normal service - yearly
(2) severe service - monthly to quarterly
(3) special service - as recommended by a quali-
fied person
(d) Documentation that the most recent periodic
inspection was performed shall be maintained.
(e) Inspection records of individual slings are not
required.
9-5.9.4 Removal Criteri a
A synthetic webbing sling shall be removed from ser-
vice if conditions such as the following are present:
( a) missing or illegible s ling identification (see
Section 9-5.7)
(b) acid or caustic burns
(c) melting or charring of any part of the sling
(d) holes, tears, cuts, or snags
(e) broken or wom stitchmg in load bearing splices
ifJ excessive abrasive wear
(g) knots in any part of the sling
(Ir) discoloration and brittle or stiff areas on any part
of the sling, which may mean chemical or ultraviolet/
sunlight damage
(i) fittings that are pitted, corroded, cracked, bent,
tw15ted, gouged, or broken
(j) for hooks, removal criteria as stated rn
ASME 630.10
(k) for rigging hardware, removal criteria as stated in
ASME 630.26
(/) other conditions, including visible damage, that
cause doubt as to the continued use of the sling
(1 0) 9-5.9.5 Repair
(a) Slings shall be repaired only by the sling manufac-
turer or a qualified person
(b) A repaired sling shall be marked to identify the
repairing agency per Section 9-5.7.
50
Copyright te 20 I0 by the Amcncan Soo1cty of Mcchomcal Engineers
No reproduction ma} be made oftlus malcnnl wllhout \~Tlttcn consem of ASML
(c) Material used for sling repair shall comply with
the provisions of this Chapter.
(d) Cracked, broken, melted, or damaged webbing
material or fittings other than hooks shall not be
repaired.
(e) Repair of hooks (ASME B30 10), rigging hardware
(ASME 630.26), below-the-hook lifting devices
(ASME B30.20), or other special devices shall comply
with the repair instructions in the applicable volumes.
(/) All repairs shall comply with the proof test require-
ments of Section 9-5.6.
(g) Modifications, alterations, or repairs to end attach-
ments or fittings shall be approved by the sling manufac-
turer, filling or component manufacturer, or a qualified
person, and shall conform to all other provisions of the
Chapter.
(11) There shall be no repairs of a load-bearing splice.
(1) Temporary repairs of either synthetic webbing
slings or fittings shall not be permitted.
SECTION 9-5.10: OPERATING PRACTICES
9-5.10.1 Sling Selection (1 0)
(a) Slings that appear to be damaged shall not be
used unless inspected and accepted as usable under
Section 9-5.9.
lb) Slings having swtable charactenshcs for the type
of load, hitch, and environment shall be selected in accor-
dance with the requirements of Sections 9-5.5 and 9-5.8.
(c) The rated load of the sling shall not be exceeded.
(d) For multiple-leg slings used with nonsymmetricaJ
loads, an analysis by a qualified person shouJd be per-
formed to prevent overloading of any leg.
(e) Multiple-leg slings shall be selected according to
Tables 9-5.5.2-1 through 9-5.5.2-5 when used at the spe-
cific angles given in the table. Operation at other angles
shall be limited to rated load!> of the next lower angle
given in the table or calculated by a qualified person.
<fl Pin d iameters smaller than those shown in
WSTOA-WS-1 may reduce the rated load of the sling.
(g) The fitting shall be of the proper shape and size
to ensure that it is seated properly in the hook or lifting
device.
9·5.10.2 Cautions to Personnel
(n) All portions of the human body shall be kept from
between the sling and the load, and from between the
sling and the crane hook or hoist hook
(b) Personnel should never stand in lme with or next
to the leg(s) of a sling that is under tension.
(c) Personnel shall not stand or pass under a sus-
pended load
(d) Personnel shall not nde the sling.
(e) Synthetic webbing slings shall not be used as bri-
dles on suspended personnel platfonns.
c!&i
~
 ASME 830.9·2010
9-5.10.3 Effects of Environment
(a) Slings should be stored in an area where they will
not be subjected to mechanical, chemical, or ultraviolet
damage or extreme temperatures (see Section 9-5.8).
(b) When used at or in contact with extreme tempera-
tures the guidance provided in Section 9-5.8 shall be
followed.
(c) When extensive exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet
Light is experienced by nylon or polyester webbing
slings, the sling manufacturer should be consulted for
recommended inspection procedure.
(to) 9-5.10.lf Rigging Practices
(a) Slings shaU be shortened or adjusted only by
methods approved by the sling manufacturer or a quali-
fied person.
(b) Slings shall not be shortened or lengthened by
knotting or twisting.
(c) The sling shall be hitched in a manner providing
control of the load.
(d) Slings in contact with edges, comers, protrusions,
or abrasive surfaces shall be protected with a material
of sufficient strength, thickness, and construction to pre-
vent damage.
(e) Shock loading should be avoided.
ifJ Loads should not be rested on the sling.
51
Copyn~h t ~ 2010 by the American Society of Mechanical Engmeers.
No reproduction may be made of this material without writt.:n consent of ASME. ~
(g) Slings should not be puJled from under a load
when the load is resting on the sling.
(11) Twisting shall be avoided.
(iJ Du.ring lifting, with or without load, personnel
shall be alert for possible snagging.
(j) When using multiple basket or choker hitches, the
load should be rigged to prevent the sling from slipping
or sliding along the load.
(k) When using a basket hitch, the legs of the sling
should contain or support the load from the sides, above
the center of gravity, so that the load remains under
control.
(I) Slings should not be dragged on the noor or over
an abrasive surface.
(111) ln a choker hitch, the choke point should only be
on the sling body, not on a load-bearing splice or fitting.
(n) ln a choker hitch, an angle of choke less than
120 deg should not be used without reducing the rated
load (sec para. 9-55.5).
(o) Slings should not be constricted, bunched, or
pinched by the load, hook, or any fitting.
(p) The load applied to the hook should be centered
in the base (bowl) of the hook to prevent point loading on
the hook, unless the hook is designed for point loading.
(q) An object in the eye of a sling should not be wider
than one-third the length of the eye.
~
 ASME 830.9·2010

Chapter 9-6
Synthetic Roundslings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance

SECTION 9·6.0: SCOPE SECTION 9·6.3: FABRICATION AND

Chapter 9-6 includes provisions that apply to syn-
thetic roundslings (see Fig. 9·6.0· 1).
SECTION 9·6.1: TRAINING
Synthetic roundsling users shall be trained in the
selection, inspection, cautions to personnel, effects of
environment, and rigging practices as covered by this
Chapter.
SECTION 9·6.2: MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS
9·6.2.1 Core and Cover
(n) Core yam(s) shall be of a synthehc fiber.
(b) Covers shall be woven from synthetic yarns.
9·6.2.2 Thread
The thread used in the fabrica tion of synthetic round·
sUngs shall be manufactured and tested in accordance
with WSTDA·TH-1.
9·6.2.3 Coatings
Finishes and coatings shall be compatible with the
other components and not impair the performance of
the sling.
9·6.2.4 Components
(a) Fittings shall be manufactured to ensure that the
rated load shall be at least the same as the synthetic
roundsUng.
(b) Fittings shall have sufficient strength to sustain
twice the rated load of the shng without visible perma·
nent deformation.
(c) All surfaces of fittings shall be cleanly finished
and sharp edges removed.
(d) Hooks, when employed, shall meet the require·
mcnts of ASME 830.10
(e) Rigging hardware, when employed, shall meet the
requirements of ASME 830.26.
9·6.2.5 Other Materials
When materials other than polyester are employed,
the sling manufacturer or a qualified person shall pro-
vide specific data. TI1ese sUngs shall comply with all
other requirements of this Chapter.
CONFIGURATIONS
9·6.3.1 Fabrication
Synthetic round.slings shall be fab ricated from core
yams wound together with multiple turns and enclosed
in protective cover(s).
(n) The cover and core should be the same type of
material.
(b) When the core and cover arc the same yam type,
the thread should be of the same yam type.
(c) When the core and cover are of a different yam
type, the thread should be of the same yam type as
the core.
(d) Stitching, if used, should be of the type to prevent
unraveling.
(I!) The diameter and width of the bearing surface of
the fitting can affect the strength of the sling. The slmg
manufacturer's recommendation should be followed
when fittings are used with the sling.
9-6.3.2 Configurations
(a) Single-leg slings and two-leg, three-leg, and fou r-
leg bridle slings used m vertical, choker, and basket
hitches arc covered by this Chapter.
(b) Other configurations may be used When used, the
sling manulacturer or a qualified person shall provide
specific data. These sUngs shall comply with aJI other
requirements of this Chapter.
SECTION 9·6.4: DESIGN FACTOR
The design factor fo r roundshngs shalJ be a minimum
of 5
SECTION 9·6.5: RATED LOAD
The term rated capacity is commonly used to describe
rated load.
9-6.5.1 (10)
These rated loads are based on the following factors:
(n) material strength(s)
(b) design factor
(c) type of hitch
(d) angle of loading (see Fig 9-6.5.1-1)
(e) diameter of curvature over which the sUng is used
NOTE: Rated loads for basl..et hitches and bridle slings a.re based
on ~ymmetrical loading. See para 9-6.10 I (dl for nonsymmetn01J
loading.

52
Copyright e 2010 by Lhe Amencan Soc1ct} or Mechanical Engmeerr. ~
No rcproducuon may be made orlhis motcnol without \\Tltlen consent of AS."1E l;tli'
 ASME 8 30.9·201 0

Ag. 9-6.0·l Synthetic Roundsllngs

•>-----length - - --
I'"" ..-i•I

~" r:: :;~

~--~-·---~-_,,,______,..~~~-
Endless Roundsllng

Endless Roundsling With Center Cover (Eye-end·Eyel

Endless Roundsllng With Fittings

53
Copynghl ~ 2010 b) lhe American Soc1ccy ofMccho111cal Cngmccrs. ~
No reproduction ma> be made oflh1s motcnal \\ilhout \\Tlttcn consent of ASME ~
 ASME 830.9·2010

Ag. 9-6.5.1-1 Angle of Loading

angle
I
I
I
I
I
I

54
Copyright @2010 b} lhc American Societ} ofMecbamcal Engineers c&i
No n:producuon may be made orllus matcnal without ••Tillcn consent of ASME. ~
 ASME 8 30.9·2010
9-6.5.2
Table 9-6.5.2-1 shows rated loads for single-leg verti-
cal, choker, basket hitches, and two-leg bridle slings. For
angles other than those «hown in this table, use the rated
load for the next lower angle, or a qualified person shall
calculate the rated load.
(10) 9-6.5.3
Horizontal sling angles less than 30 deg shall not be
used except as recommended by the sling manufacturer
or a qua lified person.
(1O) 9 -6. 5 .4
Table 9-6.5.2-1 show<; rated loads for choker hitches
for specific rounru.tmgs, provided that the angle of choke
is 120 deg or greater (see Fig. 9-6.5.-1-1}.
9-6.5.5
Rated loads for angles of choke less than 120 deg shall
be determined by using the values in Fig. 9-6.5.4-1, the
sling manufacturer, or a qua lified person.
9-6.5.6
Other synthetic roundsling materials and configura-
tions not covered by this Chapter shall be rated in accor-
dance with the recommendation of the s ling
manufacturer or a qualtfted per.;on, and shall conform
to all other provisions of this Chapter.
9-6.5.7
When fittings of the sling have a lower rated load
than the synthetic roundsling with which it is being
used, the sling shall be identi fied with a rated load
consistent with the lowest load ra ting of any of the
components.
SECTION 9-6.6: PROOF TEST REQUIREMENTS
9 -6.6.1 General
(a) Prior to initial use, all synthetic roundslings uicor-
porating previously used or welded fittmgs and all
repaired s lings shall be proof tested by the sling manu-
facturer or a qua lified person.
(b) All other synthetic roundslings and fittings are
not required to be proof tested unless specified by the
purchaser.
9-6.6.2 Proof Load Requirements
(a) For single- o r multiple-leg slings and endless
slings, each leg shall be proof loaded to a minimum of
2 tames the smgle-leg ver tical hitch rated load.
(b) The proof load for fittings attached to single legs
shall be a minimum of 2 time:. the single-leg vertical
hitch rated load.
55
Copyr1gh1€>2010 by lhe American Soc1cr) of Mechanical Engineers
No n:producuon may be made oftl11s motcnal \\1thou1 Y.Titten consent of ASME
(c) Master links for two-leg bridle slings shall be proof
loaded to a mmimum of 4 times the single-leg vertical
hitch rated load.
(d) Master links for three-leg bridle slings shall be
proof loaded to a minimum of 6 times the single-leg
vertical hitch rated load.
(t) Master links for four-Leg br idle slings shall be proof
loaded to a minimum of 8 times the single-leg ve rtical
hitch rated load
g
SECTION 9-6.7: SLING IDENTIFICATION
9 -6. 7 .1 Identification Requirements (10)
Each sling s hall be marked to show
(a) name o r trademarf.. of manufacturer
(b) manufacturer's code or stock number
Cc) rated load for at least one hitch type and the angle
upon which it is based
(d) core material
(e) cover material, if different from core material
(/) number of legs, if more than one
9 -6.7.2 Initial Sling Identification
S ling identification s ha ll be done by the s l ing
manufacturer.
9-6.7.3 Maintenance of Sling Identification
Sling identification should be maintained by the user
so as to be legible during the life of the sling.
9-6.7.4 Replacement of Sling Identification
Rep lacement of the s ling ident ification shall be consid-
ered a re pair as specified in paras. 9-6.9.5ta) and (b).
Additional proof testing is not reqwred.
SECTION 9-6.8: EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT
9-6.8 .1 Temperature
(a) Polyester roundslings shall not be used in contact
with objects o r at temperatures m excess of 194°F (90 C)
o r at temperatures below -40°F (-40°C).
(b) Some synthetic yams do not retain their published
breaking strength above 140°F (60°C). The roundsllng
manufacturer should be consulted for the temperature
range of roundslings made from other synthetic ya rns.
9·6.8.2 Chemically ActJve Environments
The strength of synthetic roundslings can be degraded
by chemically active environments. This mcludes expo-
s ure to chemicals in the fonn of solids, liquids, gases,
vapors, or fumes. The sling manufacturer or qualified
person should be consulted before smgle are used ui
chemically active environments.
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 ASME B30.9·2010

(10) Table 9-6.5.2-1 Rated Load for Single-Leg Polyester Roundslings -

Endless and Eye-and-Eye Type
Hitch Type Horizontal Angle, deg

Vertical Choker Vertical Basket 60 45 30

--- ---

Size
lf lb
I lb
~lb
0
---
lb
Q
lb
0
lb

1 2.600 2.100 5.200 4,500 3.700 2,600

2 5,300 4.200 10,600 9,200 7.500 5.300
3 8.400 6,700 16.800 14,500 11,900 8,400
4 10.600 B.500 21.200 18.400 15.000 10,600

5 n .200 10,600 26,400 22,900 18,700 13.200

6 16,800 13,600 33.600 29.100 23,BOO 16,800
7 21,200 17.000 42.400 36,700 30,000 21.200
8 25,000 20,000 50,000 43.300 35.400 25.000

9 31,000 24,800 62,000 53.700 43,800 31.000

10 40.000 32.000 80,000 69,300 56,600 40.000
11 51.000 42,liOO 106,000 91.800 74.900 53.000
12 66,000 52,800 132,000 114,300 93,300 66,000
13 90,000 72,000 180,000 155,900 127,300 90,000

GENERAL NOTES:
(a) Rated loads cited In this Chapter are based on pin diameters shown in WSTDA·WS·I. Pin diameters smaller than these may reduce the
rated load of the slfng.
(b) See para. 9-6.3.1.
(c) Roundsllngs are Identified by the vertical rated load shown on the sling ldentlncatlon. The size numbers In the first column have been
adopted by the Web Sling & Tie Down Association to describe certain polyester roundsllngs. They are Included for reference only.
Other polyester roundslings may have different vertical rated loads.
(d) Color guidelines for polyester roundsllng covers are widely used to indicate the vertical rated load of roundsllngs; however, this ls not
followed by some manufacturel'!i. Always select and use roundsllngs by the rated load as shown on the sling identification: never by
CDlor.
(e) For choker hitch, the angle of choke shall be 120 deg or greater (see para. 9·6.5.4).

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Copynght © 20 I0 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers ~
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 ASME 830.9·2010

(10) Fig. 9·6.5.4·1 Angle of Choke not be returned to service until approved by a qualified
person.
(c) Written records are not required for frequent
inspections.
9·6.9.3 Periodic Inspection (10)
(a) A complete inspection for damage to the sling
shall be periodically performed by a designated person.
Each sling and component shall be examined individu-
ally, taking care to expose and examine all surfaces. The
sling shall be examined for conditions such as those
Listed in para. 9-6.9.4 and a determination made as to
whether they constitute a hazard.
(b) Periodic Inspection Frequency. Periodi.c inspection
intervals shall not exceed l yr. The frequency of periodic
inspections should be based on
(1) frequency of s ling use
(2) severity of service conditions
(3) nature of lifts being made
(4) experience gained on the service life of slings
used in similar circumstances
(c) Guidelines for the time intervals are
(1) normal service - yearly
(2) severe service - monthly to quarterly

Rated Capacity, % [Note (1))

(3) special service - as recommended by a quali-
Angle of Choke. deg
fied person
Over 120 100
(d) Documentation that the most recent periodic
90-120 87
60-89 74 inspection was performed shall be maintained.
30-59 61 (e) lnspection records of individual slings are not
0-29 49 required.

NOTE: 9·6.9.4 Removal Criteria

(1) Percent of sling ra ted capacity in a choker hitch. A synthetic roundsling shall be removed from service
if conditions such as the following are present:
(n) missing or illegible s ling identification (see
9·6.8.3
Section 9-6.7)
Fittings selected shall be compatible with the mechan- (b) acid or caustic bums
ical and environmental requirements imposed on the (c) evidence of heat damage
sling. (d) holes, tears, cuts, abrasive wear, or snags that
expose the core yarns
SECTION 9·6.9: INSPECTION, REMOVAL. AND (e) broken o r damaged core ya ms
REPAIR (/) weld splatter that exposes core yarns
(g) knots in the roundsling, except for core yams
9·6.9.1 Initial Inspection inside the cover
Prior to use, all new, altered, modified, or repaired (h) fittings that are pitted, corroded, cracked, bent,
s lings shall be inspected by a designated person to verify twisted, gouged, or broken
compliance with the applicable provisions of this (i) for hooks, removal c riteria as s tated in
Chapter. ASME B30.10
(j) for rigging hardware, removal criteria as stated in .sg
~
9·6.9.2 Frequent Inspection ASME 630.26
(fl)A visual inspection for damage shall be performed (k) other conditions, including visible damage, that 8
by the user or other designated person each day or shift may cause doubt as to the continued use of the sling 3
the sling is used.
(b) Conditions such as those listed in para. 9-6.9.4 or 9·6.9.5 Repair (10)
any other condition that may result in a hazard shall (n) Slings shalJ be repaired only by the sling manufac-
cause the sling to be removed from service. Slings shall turer or a qualified person.

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Copyng.tu <ID 2010 by the Arnencan Society of Mechanical Engineers. ~
No reproduclion mily be made ofllus materiel without wnnen consent of ASME. ~
 ASME 830.9·2010
(b) A repaired sling shall be marked to identify the
repairing agency per Section 9-6.7.
(c) Materials used for sling repair shall comply with
the provisions of this Chapter.
(d) Cracked, broken, or bent fittings other than hooks
shall not be repaired; they shall be replaced.
(eJ Repair of hooks (ASME 830.10), rigging hardware
(ASME 830.26), below-the-hook lifting devices
(ASME B30.20), or other special devices shall comply
with the repair instructions in the applicable volumes.
ifJ AU repairs shall comply with the proof test require-
ments of Section 9-6.6.
(g) Modifications, alterations, or repairs to end attach-
ments or fittings shall be a pprovcd by the sling manufac-
turer, fitting or component manufacturer, or a qualified
person, and sha.ll conform to all other provisions of the
Chapter.
(lz) There shall be no repairs of load-bearing yams.
(i) Temporary repairs of either roundslings or fittings
shall not be permitted.
SECTION 9-6.10: OPERATING PRACTICES
(10) 9·6.10.1 Sling Selection
(a) Slings that appear to be damaged shan not be
used unless inspected and accepted as usable under
Section 9-6.9.
(b) Slings having suitable characteristics for the type
of load, hitch, and environment shall be selected in accor-
dance wiU1 the requirements of Sections 9-6.5 and 9-6.8.
(c) The rated load of the sling shall not be exceeded.
(d) For multiple-leg slings used with nonsymmetrical
loads, an analysis by a qualified person should be per-
formed to prevent overloading of any leg.
(e) Multiple-leg slings shall be selected according to
Table 9-6.5.2-l when used at the specific angles given
in the table. Operation at other angles shall be limited
to rated loads of the next lower angle given in the table
or calculated by a qualifLed person.
(/) Pin diameters smaller than those shown in
WSTDA-RS-1 may reduce the rated load of the sling.
(g) The fitting shall be of the proper shape and size
to ensure that it is properly seated in the hook or lifting
device.
9-6.10.2 Cautions to Personnel
(a) AU portions of the human body shall be kept from
between the sling and the load, and from between the
sling and the crane hook or hoist hook.
(b) Personnel should never stand in line with or next
to the leg(s) of a sling that is under tension.
58
Copyright © 20 l 0 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
No reproducuon may be made of this mntenal wilhout wnnen consent of ASME. ~
(cJ Personnel shall not stand or pass under a sus-
pended load.
(d) .Personnel shall not ride the sling.
(e) Synthetic roundslings shall not be used as bridles
on suspended personnel platforms.
9-6.10.3 Effects of Environment
(rz) Slings should be stored in an area where they will
not be subjected to mechanical, chemical, or ultraviolet
damage or extreme temperatures (se.e Section 9-6.8).
(b) When used at or in contact with extreme tempera-
tures, the guidance provided in Section 9-6.8 shall be
followed.
9-6.10.4 Rigging Practices (10)
(n) Slings sha ll be shortened or adjusted only by
methods approved by the sling manufacturer or a quali-
fied person.
(b) Slings shall not be shortened or lengthened by
knotting or twisting.
(c) Slings shall be hitched in a manner providing con-
trol of the load.
(d) Slings in contact with edges, corners, protrusions,
or abrasive surfaces shall be protected with a material
of sufficient strength, thickness, and construction to pre-
vent damage.
(e) Shock loading should be avoided .
(/) Loads should not be rested on the sling.
(g) Slings should not be pulled from under a load
when the load is restlng on the sling.
(11) Twisting shall be avoided.
(i) During lifting, with or without load, personnel
shall be alert for possible snagging.
(j) When using multiple-basket or choker hitches, the
load should be rigged to prevent the sling from slipping
or sliding along the load.
(k) When using a basket hitch, the legs of the sling
should contain or support the load from the sides, above
the center of gravity, so that the load remains under
control.
(I) Slings should not be dragged on the floor or over
an abrasive surface.
(111) ln a choker nitch, the choke point should only be
on the sling body, not on a cover splice or fitting.
(n) ln a choker hitch, an angle of choke L ess than
120 deg should not be used without reducing the rated
load (see para. 9-6.5.5).
(o) Slings should not be constricted, bunched, or
pinched by the load, hook, or any fitting.
(p) The load applied to the hook should be centered
in the base (bowl) of the hook to prevent point loading on
the hook, unless the hook is designed for point loading.
~
 ASME 830.9 INTERPRETATIONS

ASME 830.9 INTERPRETATIONS

Replies to Technical Inquiries

January 2008 Through October 2009

FOREWORD
This publication includes aU of the written replies issued between the indicated dates by the
Secretary, speaking for the ASME B30 Standards Committee, Safety Standards for Cableways,
Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, to inquiries concerning interpretations of
teclmical aspects of ASME 630.9, Slings.
These replies are taken verbatim from the o riginill letters except for a few typographical
corrections and some minor editorial corrections made for the purpose of improved clarity, In
some few mstances, a review of the interpretation revealed a need for corrections of a technical
nature; in these cases, a corrected interpretation follows immediately after the original reply.
These interpretations were prepared in accordance with the accredited ASME procedures.
ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of these interpretations when or if additional
information is available that the inquirer believes might affect the interpretation. Further, persons
aggrie"ed by this interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASM E Committee or Subcommittee.
ASME does not "approve," "certify," "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction, proprietary
device, o r ach\rity.

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Copyright ® 20 I0 by the American Society of Mcchumcal Engineers ~
No rcproducuoa may be made ofth1s matcnal \\ilhout wnttcn consent of ASME ~
 ASME 830.9 INTERPRETATIONS

Interpretation: 9·27

Sub1ect: ASME 830.9·1996, Para. 9-5.3(a)

Date Issued· January 30, 2008

Question: ASME 830.9-1996, para. 9-53(a) states, "A sling shall not be used at a load greater
than that shown in the appropriate table o r on its tag." ls lhe appropriate table meant to be
followed as stated and lhe term "or on its tag" meant for multi-ply slings for which no table is
available?
Reply: In the 1996 and all subsequent revisions, the rated load on the tag (or identification)
takes precedence over the rated loads shown in the tables.

In terpretation: 9·28

Subject: ASME B30.9-2006, Para. 9-6.2.3

Date Issued: January 30, 2008

Background: Para. 9-6.2.3 states, " Firushes and coatings shall be compatible with the other
components and not impair the other performance of the shng." End users have commented that
roundsling manufacturers commonly stencil or screen markings or names on the outer sleeves
(covers) of the roundsling.

Question (1)· As these markings are on the cover and not directly on the load-bearing fibers,
are users to assume that this is an accepted and allowable practice?
Reply (1) The practice would be allowable as long as II does not impair the performance of
the shng. The Subcommittee cannot answer this question for every manufacturer and stenciling
practice, so the specific sling manufacturer would need to be consulted to answer this question.

Question (2): Has there been an indication of the ink transferring through to the yams and
possibly causing an issue?
Reply (2): The Subcommittee is not aware of instances of ink transferring through to the yam
and causing any impairment issue.

Interpretation: 9·29

Sub1ect: ASME B30.9·2006, Para. 9-2.6.l(a)

Date Issued: February 21, 2008

Question: Para. 9-2.6.l(a) states, " Prior to initial use, all new -;waged sockets, poured sockets,
tumback eyes, mechanical joint grommets, and endless slings shall be proof tested by the sling
manufacturer or a qualified person." May sample proof testing of lots be performed to meet this
provision?
Reply: 1\Jo Each sling of the types specified requires a proof test prior to initial use. Sampling
or batch testing does not sab.sfy this requirement.

lnterpret.ation: 9-30

Subject: ASME 830.9-2006, Para. 9-6.9.5

Date Issued: September 29, 2008

Question: Por sling repairs, does the "qualified person" have to be authorized by the original
manufacturer?
Reply: No

1-2
Copynght ~ 20 I0 by the AmcnCWl Society ofMccha111cal l·nginccrs ~
No reproduction may be made oft.his material \\ithout written consent of ASME. ~
 ASME 830.9 INTERPRETATIONS

Interpretation: 9·31

Subject: ASME 830.9-2006, Slings, Para. 9~.7 l(e)

Date Issued· September 29, 2008

Question: Lr you use a high performance core strand and a nylon cover, does lhe cover material
need to be identified as nylon on lhe sling 1denhficat1on or can you use a tradename?
Reply: The cover material needs to be identified.

Interpretation: 9·32

Subject ASME 830.9-2006, Para. 9-5.5.4

Date Issued: October 22, 2009

Queshon: ls 1t an acceptable practice to accept a higher load rating from a manufacturer versus
the published ratings in ASME 830.9-20067
Reply: ASME B30 is not capable of answering a general question regarding what is, or as not,
an "acceptable practice." However, the rated load described in the Volume is based on specific
material requirements addressed in Section 9-5.2· Materials and Components. Additionally,
para. 9-5.2.5 states, "Synthetic webbings other U1an those listed in paras. 9-5.2.1 and 9-5.2.4 may
be employed. When such materials are employed, the sling manufacturer or a quali fied person
shall provide specific data These slings shall comply with all other requirements or the Chapter."

Interpretation: 9·33

Subject ASME 830.9-2006, Para 9~.5.4

Date Issued· October 22, 2009

Question: ln Section VI or lhe Standard Introduction of lhe Standard, the verbiage is exact on
the actions or the words "shall" and "should." With this being acknowledged, is it an acceptable
practice to exceed the vaJues shown in Table 9-6.5.2-1, provided that the angle of choke is 120 deg
or greater?
Reply: Yes. However, ASME B30 is not capable or answering a general question regarding what
is, or is not, an "acceptable practice."

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Copyright @2010 by the Amcncnn Society of Mechanical Engineers. ~
No n:pmducllon muy be made oflh1s mnlcrinl wnhout wnttcn conscm of ASME ~
 ASME BJ0.9 INTERPRETATIONS

Interpretation: 9-34

Subject: ASME 630.9-2006, Section 9-5.2

Date Issued: October 28, 2009

Question: Arc webbing shngs that incorporate a design factor of 5, but are stated to have
capacity values different (either more or less) than lhe published capacity values as prescribed
in ASME 630.9, Chapter 9-5, in conformance with the ASME 630.9 Standard?
Reply: Yes. The rated load described in the Volume is based on specific material requirements
addressed In Section 9-5.2! Materials and Components. Additionally, para. 9-5.2.5 states, "Synthetic
webbings other than those listed in paras. 9-5.2.1 and 9-5.2.4 may be employed. When such
materials are employed, the sling manufacturer or a qualified person shall provide specific data.
These slings shall comply with all other requirements of the Chapter."

Interpretation: 9-35

Subject ASME 630 9-2006, Para 9-1.6.1

Date Issued; October 28, 2009

Question: If one component of a used mechanical chain sling is replaced due to damage or
wear, does the entire chain sling have to be proof tested before being put back into service?
Reply: No. Either the component being replaced would have to be proof tested or the finished
assembly (sling) would require proof testing by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person
before returning the sling to service.

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Copyrtghl e1010 by the Amcrtcon OCIClY orMechomcal Engineers ~
No rcproducuon may be made ofth1s motcrtal mthout wTitten consent or ASML ~
 (/)

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0
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Cop>nght ~20 1 0 by the Americnn Society ofMechruucal Engineers d&b

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 e
Copynght 2010 by the Amencan Society of Mechameal Engmeers
No rcproducuon ma} be made ofth1S mntenal \\1thou1\\Titten consent of ASME.

ISBN 978-0-71118-:nn-9

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