RITIK TIWARI

2k18/EP/064

AIM
Observe the transient phenomenon of terminated coaxial transmission lines in
order to study their time domain behaviour. In the presence of purely Inductive
load.

Theory
A Transmission Line is a device designed to guide the electrical energy from one
point to another. It is used, for example, to transfer the RF energy from source
to antenna. The coaxial transmission line consists of an inner conductor and
an outer conductor which are separated by a dielectric medium; therefore, the
electric and magnetic fields are confined within the dielectric region. Consid-
ering lossless transmission lines, i.e., R=0, G=0, the characteristic impedance
becomes
q pure resistance,
L
R= C
with the current and voltage waves propagating along the line with a velocity
u, where
1
u = √LC
For a simple case when transmission line is terminated ina inductive load we
have to study the features of RL circuit DC analysis
a lossless line with a characteristic resistance R0 , terminated at z=l with an
inductance LL . A dc-voltage V0 is applied to the line at z=0 through a series
resistance R0 . when the switch is closed at t=0, a voltage wave of amplitude
V + 1 = V0 /2
travels toward the load. Upon reaching the load at t=T, a reflected wave V − 1 is
produced because of mismatch. It is the relation V − 1 and V + 1 that is required
to be found, At z=l, the following relations hold for all t ≥ T :
VL (t) = V − 1 + V − 1
IL (t) = (V − 1 + V − 1 )/R0
Where VL (t) is the instantaneous value of voltage at the load end and IL (t) is
the instantaneous value of current at the load end and VL (t) = LL dIL (t)/dt
from above equations, VL (t) = 2V + 1 − R0 IL (t)
The above equation describes the application of the Kirchhoff’s voltage law to
the circuit, which is then the equivalent circuit at the load end for t ≥ T .
Above equations lead to a first-order differential equation with constant coeffi-
cients: LL .dIL (t)/dt + R0 IL (t) = 2V + 1 , t ≥ T .
The solution of the above differential equation is,
IL (t) = 2V + 1 /R0 [1 − exp(−(t − T )R0 /LL ], t ≥ T
Which gives, IL (T ) = 0,and IL (∞) = 2V + 1 /R0 the voltage across the inductive
load is

1
VL (t) = 2V + 1 [exp(−(t − T )R0 /LL ], t ≥ T .
The amplitude of the reflected wave is given by,
V − 1 (t) = VL (t) − V + 1 = 2V + 1 [exp(−(t − T )R0 /LL − 1/2] for t ≥ T
This reflected wave travels in the–z direction. The voltage at any point z = zl
along the line is V + 1 before the reflected wave from the load end reaches that
point,(t − T ) < (l − z1 )/u, and equals V − 1 (t − T ) + V + 1 after that.

Observations and Results

Parameter 1

Parameter 2

2
Parameter 3

Parameter 4

Conclusions
• The transient behavior of the transmission line for the inductive load has
been observed with the condition that the generator matched is matched
to the line i.e. RG = R0 . In this case only V + 1 and V − 1 exist along the
line.
• The transient voltage and current distributions along the line will have
different shapes when the load is reactive (capacitive or inductive or both),
unlike in resistive load.

• Concept of reflection coefficients is not useful in analyzing the transient

behavior of a transmission line terminated in a reactive load, because the
incident and reflected waves are different (shape/function).