Poly Butadiene

‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺧﻠﻒ‬.‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬

‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺗﻜﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ واﻟﻐﺎز‬.‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬

Introduction
Polybutadiene rubber is a polymer formed from the polymerization of the monomer
1,3-butadiene. Polybutadiene has a high resistance to wear and is used especially in
the manufacture of tires, which consumes about 70% of the production. Another
25% is used as an additive to improve the toughness (impact resistance) of plastics
such as polystyrene and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Polybutadiene rubber
accounted for about a quarter of total global consumption of synthetic rubbers in
2012 [1]. It is also used to manufacture golf balls, various elastic objects and to coat
or encapsulate electronic assemblies, offering high electrical resistivity [2].
Polybutadiene was first prepared in the early years of the 20th century by such
methods as sodium-catalysed polymerisation of butadiene. However, the polymers
produced by these methods and also by the later free-radical emulsion
polymerisation techniques did not possess the properties which made them desirable
rubbers. With the development of the Ziegler–Natta catalyst systems in the 1950s, it
was possible to produce polymers with a controlled stereo regularity, some of which
had useful properties as elastomers.
Polymers containing 90–98% of a cis-1,4-structure can be produced using Ziegler–
Natta catalyst systems based on titanium, cobalt or nickel compounds in conjunction
with reducing agents such as aluminum alkyls or alkyl halides. Useful rubbers may
also be obtained by using lithium alkyl catalysts but in which the cis content is as low as 44%
[3].

Stricture

The structure of cis-1,4-polybutadiene is very similar to that of the natural rubber

molecule. Both materials are unsaturated hydrocarbons but, whereas with the natural
rubber molecule, the double bond is activated by the presence of a methyl group, the
polybutadiene molecule, which contains no such group, is generally somewhat less
reactive. Furthermore, since the methyl side group tends to stiffen the polymer chain,
the glass transition temperature of polybutadiene is consequently less than that of
natural rubber molecules [3].
Figure1​.Depiction of Overall process.

Figure2.​Diagram of Metathesis Process.

Conclusion
Polybutadiene is and will continue to be a high volume rubber for use in tyres,
toughened plastics, and golf balls due to its low cost, availability and unique
properties. As new markets develop, there will be a need to develop new, higher
performance grades of polybutadiene using both the alkyllithium and Ziegler systems.

References
1. "Market Study Synthetic Rubber". Ceresana. June 2013. Archived from the
original on 2015-03-18.
2. Heinz-Dieter Brandt, Wolfgang Nentwig, Nicola Rooney, Ronald T. LaFlair,
Ute U. Wolf, John Duffy, Judit E. Puskas, Gabor Kaszas, Mark Drewitt and
Stephan Glander in "Rubber, 5. Solution Rubbers" Ullmann's Encyclopedia
of Industrial Chemistry, 2011, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
doi:10.1002/14356007.o23_o02
3. Aliphatic Polyolefins other than Polyethylene, and Diene Rubbers J.A.
Brydson, in Plastics Materials (Seventh Edition), 1999.
4. AZoMOct 23 2002.Polybutadiene - Properties, Applications, Processing and
Types of Polybutadiene (BR).
5. Process for producing polybutadiene rubber United States Patent 5686543
6. ChemSystems (2004). New York: Nexant (ed.). Styrene Butadiene Rubber /
Butadiene Rubber.
7. "Polybutadiene, technical paper" (PDF). International Institute of Synthetic
Rubber Producers. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 9, 2006.
8. ^ Yoshioka, A.; et al. (1986), "Structure and Physical Properties of High-
Vinyl Polybutadiene Rubbers and Their Blends", IUPAC
9. Ube website Archived 2005-12-15 at the Wayback Machine (page retrieved 28 April
2006).