A.

FERTILITY RATES
1. CRUDE BIRTH RATE (CBR)
– A measure of one characteristic of the
natural growth or increase of a population

Formula:
• CBR= Total number of live births registered in a given calendar year x1000
Estimated population as of July 1 of same year

EX. CBR = 5000 x 1000

50000
CBR = 100
A. FERTILITY RATES
Formula:
• CBR= Total number of live births registered in a given calendar year x1000
Estimated population as of July 1 of same year

The Philippines has registered a total of 1,603,627 livebirths in 2019. If the

population is 103,537,783, what is the CBR?

Solution:
CBR = 1,603,627 X 1000
103,537,783
=15.48
= 15 (There are 15 live births for every 1000 population in 2019)
A. FERTILITY RATES
2. General Fertility Rate (GFR)
– more specific than CBR
- segment of the population deemed capable of
giving birth

Formula:
• GFR= Total number of live births registered in a given calendar year x1000
Estimated population of women aged 15-44 as of July 1 of same year

EX. GFR = 5000 x 1000

50000
GFR = 100
A. FERTILITY RATES
Formula:
• GFR= Total number of live births registered in a given calendar year x1000
Estimated population of women aged 15-44 as of July 1 of same year

The Philippines has registered a total of 1,344,836 livebirths in 2019. If the

female population of 15-44 is 9,670,200 what is the GFR?

Solution:
GFR = 1,344,836 X 1000
9,670,200
=139.07
=139 (There are 139 live births for every 1000 population of
women aged 15-44 in 2019)
B. MORBIDITY RATES
1. INCIDENCE RATE (IR)
- measures the development of a disease in a group
exposed to the risk of such in a given period
of time.
- deals only with new cases.
- used during epidemics or acute conditions
- best indicator of whether a condition is
decreasing, increasing or static
- measure of the effectivity of interventions
B. MORBIDITY RATES
Formula
IR = No. of new cases of a particular disease registered
during a specified period of time
_______________________________________________ x 1000
Population in the area during the same period of time

The highest number of cases reported for COVID19 was 9,887

occurring on the 24th week. If the population was 77,926,000, what
would be the IR rate for 24th week?

IR = 9,887 X 1000
77,926,000
= 0.13 case for every 1000 or
= 13 cases for every 100,000 population on the 24th week
B. MORBIDITY RATES
2. PREVALENCE RATE (PR)
- Measures the proportion of the population which
exhibits a particular disease at a particular
time. This can only be determined following
a survey of the population concerned.

- Deals with total (old and new) number cases

- Used in the administration of health services

- 10 Leading Causes of Morbidity

B. MORBIDITY RATES
Formula
PR = No. of new and old cases of a certain disease registered
at a given time
______________________________________________ x 1000
Total no. of persons examined at same given time

The total no. of Tuberculosis cases -110,841 in 2019, if

population was 77,926,000 what would be the PR in 2019?

RP = 110,841 X 1000
77926,000
= 1.42
= 1 (1 case for every 1000 population)
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1118585/philippines-leading-cause-morbidity-by-disease/
C. MORTALITY RATES
1. CRUDE DEATH RATE (CDR)
- A measure of one mortality from all causes which
may result in a decrease of population.

Formula
• CDR=Total number of deaths registered in a given calendar year X 1000
Estimated population as of July 1 of same year

Ex.
CDR = 1200 X 1000 CDR = 24
50000
2. CAUSE-OF-DEATH RATE

- determines the 10 Leading cause of death

- Considered as crude since denominator includes
the whole population

Formula
Cause-of-Death Rate = Number of Death in Specified Cause x 1000
Estimated population as of July 1 of same year
3. INFANT MORTALITY RATE (IMR)
- Measures the risk of dying during the 1st year of
life.
- It is good index of the general health condition of
a community since it reflects the changes in the
environmental and medical conditions of a
community.
- High IMF means low level of health

Formula
IMR = Total no. of deaths under 1 yr. of age registered in a given calendar yr x 1000
Total number of registered live births of same calendar year
4. MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE (MMR)
- It measures the risk of dying from causes related
to pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium.

- It is an index of the obstetrical care needed and

received by the women in a community

Formula
MMR = Total no. of deaths from Maternal causes registered for a given yr X 1000
Total no. of live birth registered of same year.
5. PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY (DEATH RATIO)

- shows the numerical relationship between deaths

from a cause (or group of causes), age
(groups of age etc.) and the total number of deaths
from all causes in all ages taken together.
- Used in ranking cause of death by frequency
- expressed in percentage

Formula
PM = No. of registered deaths from a specific cause for a given calendar year
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------x100
No. of registered deaths from all causes ages in same year
• Formula
PM = No. of registered deaths from a specific cause
for a given calendar year
------------------------------------------------------------------------- x 100
No. of registered deaths from all causes ages in same year

EX: Deaths from AIDS, Year 2000

_____________________________ x 100
Total number of deaths, Year 2000

= 50 x 100
600
= 8.33 %
6. SWAROOP’S INDEX
- Directly proportional to the health status of a
population, where developed countries have higher
Swaroop’s Index than developing ones

- Low index implies that life expectancy is short.

Formula
= Number of Deaths among those 50 Yrs and over
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- x100
Total Deaths, same year
6. SWAROOP’S INDEX

- The higher the Swaroop’s index:

 the more developed a country is.
 The better health services
 The better the health status of the people
 The longer the lifespan
 The more people would reach up to 50 years and
above

• Ex. An index of 15%

- means that 15% died at the age of 50 years and above
and 85% died before they reached the age of 50.