Pharmacology relief of symptoms of heart burn

GASTRO INTESTINAL SYSTEM - Prophylaxis of stress-induced ulcers and

- Secretion of enzymes, acid bicarbonate
and mucus
- Absorption of water and nutrients
needed by the body
- Digestion of food into usable and
absorbable components
- Motility (movement) of food and
secretion through the system
o Not used – excreted in the form
of feces
SECRETION
1. Saliva – water and digestive enzymes
secreted from the salivary glands.
Facilitate swallowing
2. Mucus – mouth – protects the epithelial
lining, aids in swallowing esophagus,
protects the inner lining, facilitate
movement of food
3. Digestive enzymes
Gastrin –stimulates the stomach to
contract, parietal cells to release HCl
acute upper GI bleeding
- CIMETIDINE, Ranitidine, Famotidine –
oral and parental forms
GERD – Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease
2. Antacids
- Neutralize stomach acid
- Inactivate pepsin and enhance mucosal
protection
- Recommended for the symptomatic relief
of upset stomach associated with
hyperacidity
- Hyperacidity associated with peptic ulcer,
gastritis, peptic esophagitis, etc
- Available OTC, self-treat to relieve GI
symptoms
- Administer 1 hour apart from other meds
to minimize the chance of drug
interactions
Acid rebound – decrease production of acid the
body counter effects the effects of tums it
produces more acid

DIGESTION
Sodium – increased in the blood causes
- Process of breaking food into usable,
constriction of blood vessels
absorbable nutrients
- Mixing the food with HC and enzymes Warfarin – anticoagulant
- Broken down into sugars, CHONS and
separation of vitamins, minerals Digoxin – cardiac drug

ABSORPTION

- Process or removing water, nutrient and 3. Proton pump inhibitors

are delivered into the blood stream to be - Suppress gastric acid secretion
used by the body - Inhibits the H-K adenosine
- Occurs in the small intestine, some in the triphosphatase (H+K-ATPase) enzyme
lower end of the stomach system on the secretory surface of the
gastric parietal cells
GIT MEDS - Short term treatment of active duodenal
ulcers. GERD, benign active gastric ulcer
1. H2 receptor antagonist
- Block H2 receptors (parietal cells)
- Prevents the release of gastrin, hormone
that causes release of histamine-blocks abd’l - abdominal
production of HCl
n/v = nausea and vomiting
- Suppresses release of gastric acid
- Indicated for PUD – peptic ulcer disease,
 LUBRICANTS

4. Digestive or pancreatic enzyme Mineral oil

replacement
- Soften stools ease strain of passing
- Digestive enzymes – substances
produced in the GI tract to break down stools; lessen the irritation of
hemorrhoids
foods into usable nutrients
- Used to supplement pancreatic enzymes - Interferes with absorption of fat-soluble
vitamins A, D, E, K
- Taken with meals or snacks

Chemotherapy causes dry mouth

5. Drugs affecting GI motility
- Improve movement of intestinal contents
along the GI tract
- Increase tone of the GI tract to stimulate
motility
- Decrease movement along the GI tract
- 3 major categories of drugs: Laxatives, GI
stimulants, anti-diarrheal agents
Lactulose (Cephulac, Duphalac)
- Given p.o. in the form of a syrup
- Improves CHON tolerance in clients with
advanced liver cirrhosis
SALINE CATHARTICS
Glycerin suppositories (Senokot); Mg hydroxide
- Attract H20 to large intestine to produce
bulk, stimulate peristalsis and effect
begins in 2-6 hours
- Given 1 hour before/after antacids and
milk cascara (Castor Oil): effect 2-6 hours;
give with juice
- Stimulate motility of large intestine

Neomycin (Mycifradin)

- Reduces the number of colonic bacteria

- Given p.o. or via NGT
- Used with caution in clients with kidney
impairment

Laxatives (BULK FORMING LAXATIVES)

Psyllium hydrophillc mucilloid (Metamucil)

- Absorbs water into feces and increase

bulk to form large and soft stools
- Contraindication: bowel obstruction
- Adverse reaction: dehydration,
electrolyte imbalance and dependency

STOOLS SOFTENERS

- Docusate calcium (Surfak), docusate

sodium (Colace)
- Inhibit the absorption of H20 so fecal
mass remains large and soft