Happy holidays?

Reading and Use of English | 1BSU


1 EP Form adjectives from these nouns and verbs by A bus journey
adding a suffix.
noun (n) or verb (v) adjective
Tasha climbed onto a (0) crowded CROWD
 OBUVSF
O
natural
bus which was going to take her to
2 BEWFOUVSF
O

a nearby village. The wooden seats

3 GSJFOE
O

looked quite (1) , so COMFORT

4 NFNPSZ
O

she decided to stand, even though a

5 NZTUFSZ
O

(2) passenger offered THOUGHT

6 SJTL
O

W

her a seat. As the bus moved through the

7 DSPXE
O

W

countryside, it filled with women dressed

8 UISJMM
O

W

in bright, (3) clothes COLOUR

 EPVCU

O

W

 TVDDFTT
O

on their way to market to do their weekly

 SFNBSL
O

W
shopping. ‘This is an (4) FORGET
 BDDFTT
O

W
experience,’ thought Tasha, who was
beginning to feel (5) OPTIMIST


QBHF

-BOHVBHF
SFGFSFODF
Word formation – adding
suffixes about her journey.
More passengers climbed aboard laughing
2 EP Form adjectives from the nouns and verbs in and chatting, and the noise became
the box. In some cases, more than one answer may (6) . Gradually, the bus CONSIDER
be possible. When you have finished, use your
grew hotter and Tasha began to feel a little
dictionary to check your answers.
(7) that she might not get ANXIETY
artist caution colour educate emotion energy mass to the door when the bus reached her stop.
predict reason respond storm thought wealth Fortunately, though, a (8) SYMPATHY
passenger saw her problem and shouted
Exam information to the other passengers to let her pass and
In Reading and Use of English Part 3, you read a text of suddenly everyone made room for her to
150–160 words with eight gaps and one example 
. You get off.
write the correct form of the word given in $"1*5"-4 at
the end of the line in each gap.
This part tests your knowledge of vocabulary and your
ability to form words by adding prefixes and suffixes and
making other changes.
In the test, the words will be a mix of nouns, adjectives,
adverbs and verbs.

3 EP Read the text on the right. Use the word given in

capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word
that fits in the gap in the same line. When you have
finished, use your dictionary to check your answers. 4 Work in groups. What things make you nervous or
anxious when you’re travelling?

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 Language reference

Word formation Some of the most common suffixes are listed below.

'PSNJOH
QFSTPOBM
OPVOT EP WFSC
➔
OPVO
You can form personal nouns (nouns which describe people suffix verb noun
who do particular activities) by adding: -ment adjust adjustment
t
-er, -or, -ant, -ee to a verb, e.g. entertain – entertainer, -ation/-ition/ combine combination
operate – operator, inhabit – inhabitant, refer – referee -tion/-sion define definition
t
-ist, -ian, -man/-woman/-person to a noun, e.g. motor – create creation
motorist, electricity – electrician, post – postman divide division
"EEJOH
QSFm
YFT -er/-or publish publisher
survive survivor
1SFm
YFT
UP
HJWF
OFHBUJWF
NFBOJOHT
-ance/-ence guide guidance
You can give some words the negative meaning by adding exist existence
a prefix (e.g. dis- + like = dislike) to the beginning of a word. -ant inhabit inhabitant
Here are some common prefixes which give a negative
-al approve approval
meaning:
t
dis-: discourage -ee employ employee
t
JO
inexperienced
t
VO
unbelievable EP BEKFDUJWF
➔
OPVO
suffix adjective noun
Before many words beginning with:
t
‘l’ we add the prefix il-: illegal -ance/-ence relevant relevance
t
‘m’ and ‘p’ we add the prefix im-: impatient patient patience
t
‘r’ we add the prefix ir-: irresponsible -ness friendly friendliness
Other prefixes and their meanings: -ity popular popularity
t
mis- usually means ‘wrongly’ or ‘badly’: available availability
misunderstand (= understand wrongly or badly)
t
re- usually means ‘do again’ and is often added to verbs: EP OPVO
➔
BEKFDUJWF
rewrite (= write again) suffix noun adjective
t
inter- means ‘between or among’: interact -y boss bossy
/PUF
When you add a prefix to a word, the spelling of the -ful meaning meaningful
original word does not change: dis + satisfied = dissatisfied -ous fury furious
"EEJOH
TVGm
YFT -less hope hopeless
-al emotion emotional
You can form verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs from
-ic optimist optimistic
other related or base words by adding a suffix (e.g. appear
+ -ance = appearance) to the end of the word. There are no -ish child childish
clear rules – each word and the words which can be formed
from it must be learned individually. EP OPVO
➔
OPVO


4FF
BMTP
QBHF

Spelling – spelling changes when adding suffix noun noun
prefixes and other suffixes -ism critic criticism
-ist motor motorist
-ship partner partnership

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