Building Construction and BIM

in Japan
Japan Federation of Construction Contractors,
Research and Development Committee
Technical Research Section Chairman
Obayashi Corporation, Technical Research Institute
Executive Officer and General Manager
Takashi Shiokawa

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JFCC Research and Development Committee

 Japan Federation of Construction Contractors (JFCC)

 The construction contractors organization which works to
resolve the various systems and issues related to the
construction industry.
 138 contractors have joined.

 JFCC Research and Development Committee

 The committee which addresses the research, development
and improvement of building technology supporting for
social and building needs.

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Building Construction and BIM in Japan
 Building Construction in Japan
 Construction Investment
 Design-Build System
 Design Division of Contractor
 Research and Development in Contractor
 Project Contract Type
 Current Status of BIM in Japan
 Trends of BIM in the world
 Trends of BIM in Japan
 BIM Activities of JFCC
Building Construction in Japan
Trends in Construction Investment
 Construction investment was reduced to 50% of the peak in 2010
and began to increase in earthquake recovery demand from
2011.
（Trillion Yen）
90 Government Sector
84.0 81.7 82.8
32.3 34.2 78.8 79.0
80 34.6 75.2 Private Sector
33.3 35.2 71.4
70 33.068.5 66.2 Building
34.0 61.3
60 31.9 30.0 56.8
28.2 53.7 52.8 51.6 51.3
49.1 50.0
50 45.8 25.9 23.5 20.8 19.0 17.8 47.7 48.2
45.3 43.9
41.0 43.0 41.9 41.9 44.9 22.0
39.9 16.9 16.7
40 34.9 34.7 33.6 17.9 18.0 17.2 18.9
30.8 29.2 28.7 29.7 29.7 30.6 27.7 28.4 22.7 22.1 22.5 23.4
30 26.3

20

10

0 51.6 47.5 45.5 43.8 48.2 42.2 37.4 36.6 36.2 33.1 30.9 30.2 32.0 32.6 33.5 30.7 31.4 25.0 23.9 24.7 26.0 28.0
1992 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

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Trends in Construction Investment
（Fiscal Year）
JFCC : Construction Industry Handbook 2013

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 Breakdown of construction investment
 The majority of private investment is building work.
Government Residential Building
0.9 %
Private
Government
Residential Building
Non-residential Building
31.2 %
4.3 %

Government Civil
Private
36.8 %
Non-residential Building
15.8 %
Private Civil
11.0 %
Private Government
42.0 % JFCC : Construction Industry
58.0 % Handbook 2013

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Japanese Design-Build System
Client Multi-disciplinary Contractor
Business
Design Technical
Planning
Confir Pre-design Support
Phase
m Design Review
Design Preliminary Technical Review
Design (Quality, Technology, Cost)
Confirm
Design Design Review

Building Detailed Technical Review

Phase Design (Quality, Technology, Cost)
Confirm Design Review
Design Start of Construction
Construction Inspection
Supervision
Completion Inspection
Handover
Operation Post-Construction
Phase
Scheduled Inspection Services

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Japanese Design-Build System
JFCC : Japanese Multi-disciplinary Contractors with Their Own Design Divisions

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 Historical reasons
 Traditionally, Japanese society has relied on an architectural system in
which a master carpenter (toryo) is responsible for both the design
and the construction of buildings.
 Clients put their faith in this system, which, over the year, has been
refined and steadily developed by various contractors and their
design divisions.

 Advantages of the System

 Clearly defined responsibilities for the design and construction
of buildings.
 Assured quality based on construction-technological feedback.
 Accelerated project delivery.

The system can produce high-quality buildings

rapidly and economically.
Design Division of Contractor
 55 major member contractors of JFCC have design divisions
Trends in the ratio of design department employees
9%
7.5% 7.4%7.4%7.4%
8% 6.9%
6.5%
7%
5.7% 5.6% 5.7% 5.9%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
20030405060708091011 12
(Fiscal Year)
JFCC Design Committee ： Design department annual questionnaire 2012

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Ratio of Design-Build Projects
 Design-Build Rate
Design-Build Design-Build
order volume Rate
Designed Alone 2,099,531 Million Yen 31.4
Designed Together 310,024 Million Yen 4.6
Alone + Togeter 2,409,555 Million Yen 36.0

 Design-Build Rate = Design-Build contract volume /

Building Work order volume
 Building Work order volume （in Japan）= 6,679, 580 Million Yen
 Designed Together : designed in collaboration with
other companies
 In the case of joint venture project, the amount was entered
in accordance with the equity.
JFCC Design Committee ： Design department annual questionnaire 2012

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Research and Development in Contractor
 Trends in R & D Expenses
 R & D expenses of the construction industry are less than those of other
industries. However, some major companies invest about 10 billion yen per year.
Trends in the ratio of R & D Expenses to Sales

Manufacturing
Expenses in 2011 : 113 billion y
All Industry Construction

(Fiscal Year)
JFCC : Construction Industry Handbook 2013

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 36 major member contractors of JFCC perform
research and development.
R & D expence
（Billion Yen） Ratio of R & D expenses to sales
10
 Total R & D expenses 9
to sales : 0.56% 8
7
6
5
 28 contractors own 4
experimental facilities 3
2
1
0
JFCC R & D Committee ： R & D 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200
annual questionnaire 2012 sales （Billion Yen）
with Laboratory without
Laboratory
 Breakdown of R & D expenses
Q uality & Producti vity Safety &ecurity Global Environment Amenity & Health
36% S 21% 6%
24%

Others
12%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Quality & Productivity Global Environment Others

Concrete, Skeleton,
Construction Method,
Automation, Maintenance
Safety & Security
Earthquake Resistant,
Seismic-Response Control,
Base Isolation, Seismology
Energy saving, CO2 Reduction, Engineering,
Soil Remediation, Water BIM
Purification, Alternative Energy
Amenity & Health
Sound, Vibration, JFCC R & D Committee ：
Temperature, Humidity R & D annual questionnaire
2012
Project Contract Type
 Fixed price contract is common in building industry.
 Fixed Price (lump sum) Contract
• The contractor agrees to complete the project for a specific period of
time and the client agrees to pay a fixed amount of money.
 Bill of Quantities Contract
• The contractor agrees based upon the contract documents with the
quantity table that the client has provided.
 Guaranteed Maximum Price Contract
• The contractor is responsible for cost overruns, unless the GMP has
been increased. Savings resulting from cost underruns are returned to
the client or distributed.
 Unit-price Contract
• The client agrees a unit price of labor and materials. Total cost will vary
depending on the increase or decrease in these quantities.
 Cost-plus (Cost Reimbursement) Contract
• The contractor is paid for all of its allowed expenses to a set limit plus
additional payment to allow for a profit.

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Current status of BIM in Japan

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Trends of BIM in the world
 BIM Guidelines are developed and BIM is being mandatory
Country Organization Title
US NIBS National BIM Standard

US GSA BIM Guide Series 1～6

US Wisconsin BIM Guideline and Standard for Architect & Engineer

BuildingSMART US &
US BIM Project Execution Planning Guide Ver.1
Penn. State Univ.
Finland Senate Properties BIM Requirements Vol.1～9

Denmark bips CAD Manual 2008

Singapore BCA BIM Regulation Submission Pilot Guideline

Australia CRC National Guideline for Digital modeling

Korea MLTM BIM Application Guide

Korea PPS BIM Roadmap

IAI Japan Junichi Yamashita : Present and Future of BIM in the World and Japan

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 Clients are active in the adoption of BIM
 Senate Properties
• An unincorporated state-owned
enterprise which manages a
major part of the real estate in
Finland.
 Main Objectives of “Requirements 2007”
“With the help of three-dimensional assessment of design solutions,
it aims at improving quality and the information exchange between the parties,
reducing the number of design errors,
increasing the efficiency of the design process
and ensuring that the end result conforms to the objectives.”
 The client will pay the modeling and administrative costs of BIM
indirectly.
Trends of BIM in Japan
 2010.3 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport
(MLIT) announced “Start of BIM pilot project in
government building and repairs”.

 2012.7 Japan Institute of Architects

(JIA) released the BIM guidelines.
 It shows the agenda and expected effect
of BIM to architects.

 2012.09 MLIT Government Buildings

Department began to study for the
development of BIM modeling
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Trends of BIM in Japan
rules.

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 Comparison with the guidelines of overseas

US NIBS Korea MLTM

Nation Level

Finland US
Agency / Senate Properties GS
Organization Level JIA
US Kore BIM guidelines
Wisconsin a PPS

Project Level Norway, Oslo New National Museum BIM

Pilot Project
 Contractors are expecting effects of BIM as follows:
 Acceleration of the process of reaching a consensus with a
client and a designer.
 Improvement of the coordination process
between subcontractors, fabricators and
manufacturers.
 Improvement of the productivity and shortening
construction period by front-loading.

 Subcontractors, fabricators and manufacturers are

expecting effects of BIM as the follows:
 Improvement of the coordination process
between contractor.
 Improvement of the manufacturing process by data linkage.
 Reduction of rework due to front-loading.
 Contractors are active participants in the design
competition using BIM.
 Build Live Japan
• Virtual design competitions
organized by IAI Japan
• Competing for the completeness
and novelty of BIM work in 48 hours.

 Grand Prize Winners

• Build Live Tokyo 2009 Maeda Corporation
• Build Live Tokyo 2009 Part II Shimizu Corporation
• Build Live Tokyo 2010 Obayashi Corporation,
Shibaura institute of Technology
• Build Live Kobe 2011 Shibaura institute of Technology
• Build Live Chiba 2012 Obayashi Corporation
• Build Live Japan 2013
 Procurement of BIM modeling work is spreading abroad.

China

India
Philippines
Vietnam
BIM Activities of JFCC
 Building Construction Committee, Information Technology
Promotion Section, BIM special Section
 Organized in 2010, 15 Contractors and 21 observer
companies such as subcontractors, manufacturers,
fabricators and BIM software vendors.
 Purpose :
• Promoting the standardization of
specifications and usage.
• Increasing the benefits of BIM
in construction stage.
 2011 : Published “Investigation of
BIM usage in subcontractors,
manufacturers and fabricators”

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 2012 : Organized “BIM meeting for Subcontractors,
Manufacturers and Fabricators”
 2012 : Performed “Cooperative Digital Mock-up Trial”.

 2013 : Started development of “Guidelines for

BIM collaboration in construction stage”.
Conclusion
 Building Construction in Japan
 Major contractors have design divisions and can produce high-quality
building economically in a short period of time by design-build
system.
 Major contractors also perform research and development not only
for the building quality and productivity but also for the global
environment, the safety and the security.
 Fixed price contract is common in building industry.
 Current Status of BIM in Japan
 Development of BIM Guidelines has been delayed from
pioneering countries.
 The client side expectations for BIM is not strong yet. Architects and
contractors are working on BIM for the purpose of their productivity
improvement.
 BIM Activities of JFCC
 BIM special section organized in 2010 and worked for increasing the
benefits of BIM in construction stage.

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