Criminology Thesis Sample About Pandemic (COVID 19)

Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel
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Effectiveness of BFP Frontliners In Dealing COVID 19 Pandemic; An

Assessment As a Tool to Reduce Spreading The Virus.
CHAPTER 1:
Introduction
A pandemic is defined as infectious disease that has spread across a large region,
for instance multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of
people. A widespread endemic disease with a stable number of infected people is
not a pandemic. Widespread endemic diseases with a stable number of infected
people such as recurrences of seasonal influenza are generally excluded as they
occur simultaneously in large regions of the globe rather than being spread
worldwide. By this definition, pandemics can be said to occur annually in each of
the temperate southern and northern hemispheres, given that seasonal epidemics
cross international boundaries and affect a large number of people. However,
seasonal epidemics are not considered pandemics.
Throughout human history, there have been a number of pandemics of diseases

such as smallpox and tuberculosis. The most fatal pandemic in recorded history was
the Black Death (also known as The Plague), which killed an estimated 75–200
million people in the 14th century. The term was not used yet but was for later
pandemics including the 1918 influenza pandemic (Spanish flu) Current pandemics
include COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS.
The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is the defining global health crisis of our
time and the greatest challenge we have faced since World War Two. Since its
emergence in Asia late last year, the virus has spread to every continent except
Antarctica.
But the pandemic is much more than a health crisis, it's also an unprecedented
socio-economic crisis. Stressing every one of the countries it touches, it has the
potential to create devastating social, economic and political effects that will leave
deep and longstanding scars. UNDP is the technical lead in the UN’s socio-economic
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recovery, alongside the health response, led by WHO, and the Global Humanitarian
Response Plan, and working under the leadership of the UN Resident Coordinators.
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new

strain of coronavirus. This new virus and disease were unknown before the
outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.
On 30 January 2020, the Philippine Department of Health reported the first case
of COVID-19 in the country with a 38-year-old female Chinese national. On 7
March, the first local transmission of COVID-19 was confirmed. WHO is working
closely with the Department of Health in responding to the COVID-19 outbreak.
We the researcher want to prove to this study that not only firefighting and
rescuing of the disaster and calamity victims does the BFP capable of, But also to
show that they can contribute their life in fighting against a Pandemic and suppress
the spreading of this kind of virus.
Setting of the study
The Study was conducted in BFP NORZAGARAY FIRE STATION is located in the
Municipal compound of Barangay Poblacion, Norzagaray, Bulacan
Theoretical Framework
In connection to the pandemic disease effects, the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)
under the DILG and by virtue of Republic Act 6975, otherwise known as DILG Act of
1990, is primarily to perform to assist local health officials in the implementation of
Oplan Kalinga, the program to move COVID cases from their houses to Ligtas
COVID-19 centers. The BFP is part of the Municipal/City Covid19 Task Force and in
this Capacity they have been assisting the City/Municipal Health Office to Transport
Covid19 patients.
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Conceptual Framework
This chapter provides an overview of the basic theory of early warning for
infectious diseases, including definitions of surveillance, early warning and
prediction; the characteristics of early warning (surveillance, information for action,
timeliness, insufficiency, and the uncertainty of information);
a conceptual framework of an early warning system for infectious diseases (the

target setting, data collection and analysis, disseminating early warning signals,
response actions, and evaluation); classifying early warning based on the data
sources (case-based, event-based, laboratory-based, or syndromes’ surveillance).
The significance of early warning for infectious diseases, the status quo and
research and application trends in the field are also highlighted.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
How do the 1.Conduct of I. The output was

respondents asses in interview consist of the
the Capability of fire proposed
Incidents in BFP 2.Developed survey recommendation
Norzagaray Fire questionnaire
Station in terms of: to address the
problems
3.Distribute of
1.1 System and encountered in
Procedure survey
Capability of fire
questionnaire
1.2 Equipment incidents in BFP
4.Collection of data Norzagaray Fire
1.3 Budgeting The Station
problems 5.Statistical
encountered by the treatment
Capability of fire
6.Presentation
incidents in
Barangay Poblacion, 7.Analysis
Norzagaray, Bulacan
8.Interpretation
9. Tabular and
graphical
presentation
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Statement of the Problem
The main objective of this study is to prove that the BFP contribute a great
amount of help in this time of pandemic and what are the ways to be done in order
for BFP to become more effective in this time of pandemic and also the study will
be evaluating the capability of the Norzagaray fire station dealing with Covid19
pandemic . Specifically, it will answer the following sub-problems How do the
respondents assess the Capability of Norzagaray Fire Station as to:
This study aims to determine the factors affecting the response in the Municipality
of Norzagaray Bulacan.
Specifically,it sought to answer the following question:
1. Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of :

1.1 Gender
1.2 Age
1.3 Civil status
1.4 Length of service
1.5 Educational attainment
2. Is there a factor affecting the effectiveness as frontliner in terms of :

2.1 Border inspection, and
2.2 Speedy process of document verification
3. Into what extent effectiveness BFP Frontliner in the municipality of

Norzagaray Bulacan in terms of :
3.1 Human resources , and
3.2 Material resources
4. What problem encountered by the respondents as Frontliners at the

municipality of Norzagaray and how it was solved?
5. How may the findings be utilized in the effectiveness of BFP Norzagaray?

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Assumption or Hypothesis
There is no significant among the assessment that affecting the effectiveness of

dealing by the BFP frontliners in the municipality of Nozagaray Bualacan.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY :
The Setting
The study was conduct in Bureau of Fire Protection Located at Norzagaray,Bulacan
The Subject Content
The study was focus on the Capability Norzagaray Fire Station in Dealing COVID19
Pandemic.
The Respondents
The study was be having two (2) groups of respondents. The 1st group was be the
BFP personnel, who are randomly selected. The 2nd group was be the residents
and randomly selected
Time Frame
This research as a part of Criminological Research and Statistic (CRIM6) was be

conducted during the 1st semester of Academic Year 2020-2021.
Significance of the study

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This study would be of importance to the following:
To the Bureau of fire protection - This research aims to justify the effectiveness
of the municipality in terms of resources and manpower for them to be able to
further enhance their effectiveness.
To the Concerned agencies - To justify the factors encountered by the BFP

Frontliners , for them to cooperate to enhance the efficiency in the operation.
To the Community - As a society which needs help in times of Pandemic , the

community will benefit the addressing of the effectiveness of BFP Frontliners by the
bureau of fire protection fire fighters for more effective response.
To the Researcher - This study aims to use as a reference for future researchers
about effectiveness of BFP Frontliner dealing with Pandemic.
DEFINITION OF TERMS :
Pandemic - a disease that spreads over a whole country or the whole world.
occurring over a wide geographic area (such as multiple countries or continents)
and typically affecting a significant proportion of the population.
Virus - A microorganism that is smaller than a bacterium that cannot grow or

reproduce apart from a living cell. A virus invades living cells and uses their
chemical machinery to keep itself alive and to replicate itself.
Novel Coronavirus - is a new strain of coronavirus that has not been previously
identified in humans. The novel coronavirus has caused severe pneumonia in
several cases in China and has been exported to a range of countries and cities.
Disease - is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or

function of all or part of an organism, and that is not due to any immediate external
injury.
Infectious - communicable by infection, as from one person to another or from

one part of the body to another,.nfectious diseases causing or communicating
infection tending to spread from one to another:
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - is a contagious respiratory and vascular

disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Frontliner - a person that operates in an advanced and exposed (usually

dangerous) position.
Firefighters - Firefighters are primarily responding to fires, accidents and other

incidents where risks are posed to life and property. The main duties of a full-time
fire-fighters are to help protect the public in emergency situations. They response
to a wide variety of calls, such as car crushes, chemical spills, flooding, water
rescue and general rescue as well as fires. With many fire crews being trained as
first responder they can provide first aid until the arrival of rescue personnel In
addition to attending emergency calls out and rescuing people and animals from life
threatening situations, the job entails. In this study, they are the targeted
respondents on what are the factors affecting the effectiveness encountered.
Acronyms
BFP - Bureau of Fire Protection

DILG - Department of Interior and Local Government
CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
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Foreign Literature:
Firefighters across the country have been involved in more mayday calls since the
start of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a study that looked at more than 155
cases.
-Los Angeles, California
Project Mayday—an initiative started by former Warren Township, IN, Assistant Fire
Chief Don Abbot to track maydays—found that distress calls have jumped 35
percent during a 13-week span running from the beginning of April until July 4.
Those findings were culled from reports and interviews with mayday survivors from
career fire departments.
Abbott, who began tracking maydays with his wife Bev in 2015, points to fatigued
firefighters overworked because of understaffed departments as a major factor for
the spike. Since the third week in March, departments were averaging eight to nine
maydays daily, compared to five to six historically, according to Abbott.
RELATED: Read More About Project Mayday on Firehouse.com
But he doesn't put the increase solely at the foot of the current pandemic or, in
some cases, civil unrest. If anything, these events have revealed staffing
deficiencies brought on by economics and other factors.
"The pandemic has exposed a lot of fire departments in a lot of cities because
we've gotten away from this stuff for so long," Abbott said. "Now it's caught up to
us."
In the interviews, Abbott found the overwhelming majority of firefighters in
maydays had been worked long hours past their normal shifts, sometimes for
consecutive days. According to the study, 77 percent of maydays involved
firefighters who were working past their normal hours. Of those, 23 percent
involved firefighters who worked for 60 consecutive hours, while 17 percent
involved firefighters who had worked for more than 72 consecutive hours.
did you do?' And he said (he) went on runs, ate and didn't sleep much. Part of the
problem is he thought the answer to the problem was Monster energy drinks. No,
that isn’t the answer to the problem."
But overworked firefighters aren't the only by product of understaffed departments,
Abbott said. The "elephant in the room that nobody really wants to talk about," as
he puts it, is sending firefighters in staff positions out on calls.
"Some departments have elected to put people in staff positions out in the field,"
he said. "Well, that's OK if those staff position people have been keeping up with
training. And if they haven't, you're putting the crew that they're going to be on—
and them—in jeopardy."
"My concern is that we've got some firefighters riding out of position," Abbott
added. "We've got some firefighters acting as company officers, some company
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officers acting as battalion chiefs, and we haven't groomed them or trained them
very well to do this in some departments."
Although Abbott's research has highlighted some of the underlying issues
surrounding the increase in maydays, it hasn't uncovered a silver bullet to remedy
the problem. To start, Abbott emphasized that a one-size-fits-all solution isn't out
there.
"There's no one answer, and I don't think we can try to make it one answer for
everybody," he said.
"The answer for a 160-person fire department ain't the same for a 4,000-person
department," Abbott added. "The solution is looking at it from a variety of angles
and trying to eliminate those problems and what are the variety of ways we can fix
it. … What I'm fearful of is that everyone thinks we can write a paper and all the
answers will be in that paper. No. I think some of the answers will be in that paper,
but what works for a 4K person fire department is not going to work for a 160-
person fire department."
The project also needs to conduct more interviews and gather more data during
this pandemic era before it can suggest effective strategies to firefighters and
departments.
"We need a little more data and numbers to crunch," Abbott said. "I think by
September we might be in better shape to give some recommendations."
Abbott does have a few ideas, though, on areas that departments and chiefs should
begin to address in order to bring down the number of maydays.
"First, I think elected officials need to understand the safety factor that occurs
when you're operating out of your norm. That things that do happen, don't. Or if
they do, they're very slow in developing," he said. "I think part of our challenge is
that a lot of elected officials over the last four years as we came back from the
recession, we've been our own worst enemy to a certain extent because the elected
officials say, 'Hey, you know, we didn't hire anybody or we didn't cut people' or
whatever happened. You guys are doing it with less people than what you used to,
and it looks like everything is going well. And our normal response is,' Yeah, yeah,
we're still doing the job.' But are we? And are we doing it safely? So I think that
becomes an issue.
"The second part of it is we as administrators in the fire department understand
what are realistic hours people can work, especially if they're coming from busy
engine and ladder companies and going on overtime. … What do you expect is
going to happen? They're fatigued, they're tired. I think from the administration
standpoint, we've got to be realistic with what we're doing and how we're trying to
do it."
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Ultimately, Abbott hopes that the struggles and issues departments are
encountering can become learning experiences that will help firefighters down the
line.
"I hope (the pandemic) will end shortly, but it'll help us prepare for what the next
one of these things will be, and we can look back and say here's the playbook
because we learned lessons in 2020."
By Trevor Frodge
COVID-19, the novel coronavirus first detected in China, is now running rampant
through the United States – and the world.
The escalation of closures of schools, public events, work and travel restrictions,
and quarantine measures is alarming to the public and to our public servants.
Additionally, there is a rapidly growing amount of misinformation being shared via
social media, alleging conspiracies, political motivations for the virus and down-
playing the seriousness of the event.
In this March 11, 2020 photo, a Kirkland firefighter wears a mask as he responds to
an automatic fire alarm that was accidentally triggered at the Life Care Center in
Kirkland, Wash., near Seattle.
Yet, through all of the confusion, misinformation and fear, the fire service stands
ready to tackle this crisis directly on the front lines. We are the best agency for it.
WE HAVE BEEN HERE BEFORE – AND WE’RE READY
For years the fire service has dealt with pandemic events. Post-9/11, the fire service
answered the call for our first taste of biological terrorism with the anthrax scares.
“White powder” calls became commonplace, prompting hazmat responses
nationwide. We identified, detected and mitigated hundreds of calls (both real and
fictitious) without a single injury or fatality.
Fast forward a few years, and we’ve dealt with H1N1, swine flu and Ebola. Our level
of preparedness from the federal level down to the local responder is massive,
immense and ready to deploy. We’ve prepared for any emergency and threat as a
response agency, and now we are simply facing a new one – COVID-19. We have
the training and experience in infectious diseases to help mitigate this problem.
Make no mistake, COVID-19 is a dangerous virus. It is the worst possible kind of
virus we can face in that it is an airborne- and droplet-transmitted disease that
spreads rapidly. As a fire service, we must understand and take precautions, but
also must educate the public and our membership with facts. Nearly 80% of those
infected will have mild symptoms ranging from fever to cough. Some patients will
be more severe, typically those who are older or have other co-morbidities, such as
heart problems, lung problems or are immunocompromised. Those patients will
likely require hospitalization. Unfortunately, as this pandemic spreads, some of
those patients will die, just as many patients die from septic shock every day.
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As a response agency, we must be ready and prepared. We cannot afford to put

our heads in the sand and believe that this will not affect our communities. It is
coming, but we can combat the illness and reduce the panic that is being shown
across the country by facing this threat, educating the public, and taking some
proactive measures. Because we are one of the most trusted services in the
country, and we know our communities better than anyone, we will be the trusted
experts that our citizens turn to during their time of need – just like any other
emergency.
So what do we do?
SIMPLE STEPS TO SERVE – WHILE SAFE
We must adjust our operations to some extent. My organization has begun
screening calls for COVID-19 symptoms. If a patient complains of COVID-19
symptoms such as cough, fever or shortness of breath, that information is relayed
to responding units to don appropriate PPE.
We’ve adjusted our response matrix and how we approach EMS calls. For the time
being, we send in a minimum number of personnel to assess the patient. If
additional help is needed, that crew radios outside to the engine crew to bring in
further equipment. Ideally, if a patient is able to safely do so, have them walk
outside to meet EMS crews. Naturally, this is not always possible, and we must
remember to put our patients first.
If COVID-19 symptoms are suspected or confirmed crews don the recommended
PPE from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PPE for COVID-19
is a disposable gown to stop droplet transmission to our duty uniforms, gloves to
prevent germ transmission to our hands, eye protection to prevent droplets
entering our eyes and mucous membranes, and a NIOSH-approved N95 respirator
for respiratory protection. If there is low suspicion of infection, then this level of
PPE is not needed. Remain cautious, though, depending on where you are
responding. For instance, if your running area has commercial office buildings,
hotels or multifamily dwellings, consider placing a surgical mask on yourself with
eye protection and gloves prior to entering these facilities. Maintain a distance from
your patient and limit contact with them as best as possible. Consider placing a
surgical mask on them as well to add additional barriers of protection. After the call,
ensure your ambulances are decontaminated with viricidal solutions to remain
ready.
At the station level, we must remain vigilant and keep our areas clean. My company
has instituted a twice-a-day house chore regiment. Surfaces such as door handles
and light switches are sprayed down, all surfaces are cleaned with approved
cleaners. Keep in mind that the kill time for most cleaners is 10 minutes for
biological agents. Spray your surfaces and let them air dry for 10 minutes. Ensure
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your face pieces on your SCBAs are cleaned, bunk rooms disinfected, and surfaces
within the cab of the apparatus are wiped down.
Some inconveniences will occur within our ranks. We’ve suspended or limited trips
to the store to avoid large crowds and reduce the risk associated with possible
contamination. Ensure your department has a plan for crews when they become
exposed. How will they be taken off shift? Who will cover their positions? The
biggest key is to have a plan. It will be too late when it occurs if a plan is not in
place.
Lastly, do not panic. I’ve heard the phrase that these are “unsettling times.” To the
public at large, that is true, but for us, this is another task that we’ve been asked to
handle. It is expected that we remain professional, that we hold the line, and that
we educate and reduce our risk of exposure as low as reasonably possible.
One way to view this is as a gigantic hazmat run. We can reduce the contamination
with limiting contact, wearing masks and respiratory protection, disinfecting and
minimizing time with our patients.
THIS IS OUR MISSION

The bottom line: We are the fire service and this is our mission. Let’s put our
citizens first as we’ve sworn that we will do. Let’s protect our members and keep
them safe. Let’s educate the public with facts and guidance. Finally, be a fire
department. Get outside, pull hose, train hard, and deliver the services our citizens
expect and deserve.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Trevor Frodge is a fire lieutenant with the West Chester Fire Department in
suburban Cincinnati, Ohio, currently assigned to one of two rescue engines. He is a
nationally registered paramedic, fire and EMS instructor, and fire inspector. Frodge
is a member of the Butler County Technical Rescue Team, as well as a Hazardous
Materials Specialist for Ohio Task Force 1.
Local Literature:
Firefighting is an extremely dangerous occupation, but, this time, it’s not fire,
collapsing floors and falling objects they’re contending with. They’re fighting an
invisible enemy amorphous in form and scale — a virus spreading like wildfire.
Expanding role;
With the challenging calls to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic,
essential services, such as firefighting, are expanding their roles to respond to the
crisis.
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Fire Director Jose S. Embang Jr. has early on stressed the Bureau of Fire
Protection’s (BFP) role in preventing, controlling and mitigating cross-contamination
of COVID-19 in border control points by an elaborate process of decontaminating
frontliners and their facilities, personnel and equipment. It also ensures reduction of
contamination risks through proper frontliner waste management.
The BFP also helps in the secure transport of persons under investigation (PUI) and
persons under monitoring (PUM), and assists the Philippine National Police and the
Armed Forces in contact tracing of the exposed.
“The increasing numbers of COVID-19 cases make our fight to eradicate the deadly
virus even harder. Even our ranks are not immune,” Embang said. “But we won’t
give up.”
With the greater risk of exposure for its frontliners, being the first point of contact
with the infected, Embang assured that they have a secure and sufficient supply of
protective personal equipment with the solid support of the government.
The fire department has also come up with ingenious ways and fabricated
additional protective equipment, such as an improvised patient isolator, a part of
the three-layer protection protocol implemented by the BFP to ensure the safety of
the responders.
Though the BFP’s efforts have been channelled to mitigation response, cancelling
even its various fire prevention activities last month, it has never been remiss of its
constant reminders about fire prevention.
“We strongly remind everybody to stay home while our frontliners are out there
fighting this deadly disease,” announced the San Juan City Fire Department in an
advisory on social media. “And, in staying home, we encourage all to be responsible
Filipinos. Always be wary of the simple things that can cause fire.”
The Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) on Monday, August 31, has vowed to dig
deeper into the “despedida” party for a former Batangas City fire marshal which
violated quarantine protocols in the midst of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-
19) pandemic.
GMA News report, videos of the August 21 party held in a hotel in the province for
outgoing Batangas City Fire Marshal Elaine Evangelista was shown with the BFP
personnel in attendance.
The personnel of the Batangas City fire station were caught on camera dancing
without masks and not observing social distancing. BFP chief Director Jose Embang
Jr. said that an investigation is currently on-going. “Noong August 26 kasi,
nagpadala na ng memo (memorandum) ang Civil Service [Commission] at ang DILG
kay Secretary Eduardo Año about nga itong nangyaring despedida dito (On August
26 the Civil Service Commission and the DILG sent a memo to Secretary Eduardo
Año,’’ Embang said.
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Upon seeing the video, Embang said that they were indeed the BFP men in the area
since their pictures are shown in their records. Evangelista was named as the new
chief of the Biñan, Laguna fire station but her appointment was rescinded following
the controvers
six persons per shift, and there is a rotation of who will handle the patient.
“Dili namo gusto nga ining human namo responde, ignun ka nga suspect, kai
mahulog man gud nga sa kadaghan sa among PPEs, kumpleto, at the end of the
day, ma consider gihapon mi nga suspect. Mag responde, after sa responses clean
gyud mi tanan. Among paninguha nga wala gyud mi matawag nga suspect. Clean
mi tanan, wala mi virus. Naka complete mi og PPE kei lisod kung ma infected mi.
Naa mi mga kauban sa firefighting og uban nga unit. Lisod kaau matakdan sila,”
Mantohac shared.
(We don’t want that after we respond, we will be considered a suspect because it
will imply that even we had complete PPEs, at the end of the day, we will still be
considered suspects. We will respond but after we respond, we must all be clean.
We make it to a point that we cannot be called suspects. We are clean; we have no
virus. We have complete PPEs because it is difficult if we catch the virus. We have
colleagues who are in the firefighting and it is difficult if they get infected.)
“This is an unusual thing we are doing because with my 16 years of experience, I
am more adept at responding to other medical emergencies or fire. But with
COVID-19, all of us are on the same level,” Mantohac admitted.
Mantohac admitted that they are quite scared of COVID, as even doctors and
nurses are affected. But, he said, they accepted it as part of their job.
“Kinahanglan man gyud mi mu-evolve, mu-adjust mi or mu-thrive mi for survival or
para mu-alagad ang gobyerno sa amo or ato-ang community (We need to evolve,
adjust or thrive for survival to serve our government or our community),” he said.
"The city’s 911 will respond if they have available ambulance but if none, they call
us," he said.
When the BFP responds to a COVID-19 patient or suspect, it would first call the City
Health Office (CHO) to be guided where to bring the patient/suspect.
There are 13 members in the unit, six persons per shift, and there is a rotation of
who will handle the patient. (Vincent Philip S. Bautista/PIA10)
"Moreover, the Department of Health (DOH) always tell us to be cautious and wear
face mask, frequently wash hands and avoid crowded places. We must always
follow what the DOH says to prevent transmission of the virus. At least we do our
best to avoid COVID-19 infection through proper hygiene, to prevent the virus from
infecting us,” he shared.
He also advised the people to be extra cautious with the individuals they encounter,
as they do not use PPEs, unaware if they already got infected by the virus.
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"They are relaxed because they don’t work in the hospital. If they are careful in
dealing with the frontliners, hey should be more careful in dealing with ordinary
acquaintances,” he said. (JMORucat/PIA10)
By Emme Rose Santiagudo and Jennifer P. Rendon

The Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) Regional and Iloilo City Central Offices located
at Macario Peralta St. in City Proper district has been placed under extreme
enhanced community quarantine (EECQ) from June 15-18, 2020 after one its
employees tested positive for coronavirus disease (Covid-19).
The BFP personnel, a 26-year-old female, was classified as WV Patient No. 144 by
the Department of Health-Center for Health Development Western Visayas (DOH-
CHD 6).
Based on her travel history, the patient arrived in Iloilo City from Cebu last June 6.
She was quarantined at Go Hotel-Iloilo City.
Dr. Marie Jocelyn Te, medical coordinator for emerging and reemerging infectious
diseases of DOH-CHD 6, said the patient first claimed that she was a locally
stranded individual (LSI).
“Ang una niya nga ginclaim LSI siya. Actually, indi siya LSI but authorized personnel
out of residence. She was advised to undergo home quarantine but she requested
to be billeted in a hotel in Iloilo City instead of going home,” Te said in a phone
interview on Monday.
The patient was then subjected to rapid antibody test where she tested negative for
Covid-19. She also underwent reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test
(RT-PCR).
“Pwede siya sa mag-home quarantine, pero nagayo mapadul-ong sa Go Hotel,” Te
said.
From Go Hotel, the patient was pulled out by one of her acquaintances for active
duty at the BFP Regional and Iloilo City Central Office.
According to Te, the patient failed to coordinate with the city government and
declared inaccurate travel history.
“Based man sa report sang city government, siya mismo nagclaim nga LSI siya
instead of authorized personnel. Wala man kabalo ang LGU nga nagreport siya balik
sa BFP,” she said.
On June 13, the health department confirmed that the RT-PCR test results of the
patient yielded positive results for Covid-19.
When the test results came in, it took the BFP a few hours to track the
whereabouts of the patient, according to Te.
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MAYOR UPSET
The alleged breach of quarantine protocols and false declaration of the patient’s
travel history upset Mayor Jerry Treñas.
In a press conference on Monday, the mayor expressed his dismay on the BFP for
failing to inform the city government of the patient’s whereabouts.
“I am very disappointed. I am preparing a complaint because wala nila dayon na-
inform about sa ila personnel. Ang rason nila nagpaliwa-liwa pa to siya sa
Esplanade,” he said.
The mayor said he will file a complaint against the BFP to the national Inter-Agency
Task Force (IATF).
“I am just waiting for the incident report. Then I will be filing the complaint,” he
said.
More than 100 personnel of the BFP had exposure to the confirmed case, according
to the mayor.
Treñas issued executive order (EO) No. 91 on Monday mandating the BFP Regional
and Iloilo City Central Office to be placed under lockdown from June 15 until June
18.
Under the EO, all BFP Personnel who were on active duty from June 9 up to present
shall be on a restricted 14-day home quarantine or 14-day facility-based
quarantine.
During the lockdown period, Iloilo City Covid-19 Task Force shall conduct a Covid-
19 test on all personnel who rendered active duty from June 9.
The BFP Regional and Iloilo City Central Office shall also be subjected to
decontamination and sanitation procedures.
All BFP personnel who shall be Covid-19 positive shall be immediately committed to
the identified quarantine facility of the Iloilo City government.
Meanwhile, the health department said the patient is asymptomatic and currently
under facility quarantine.
TESTS
Meanwhile, Fire Superintendent Crosbee Gumowang, BFP-6 assistant regional
director for administration (ARDA), said that more than 30 personnel, including him,
had close contact with the BFP personnel who recently tested positive for SARS-
CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.
“I, too, am part of that personnel who will undergo swab test on Tuesday,” he said.
On Tuesday morning, Mayor Jerry Treñas of Iloilo City announced that BFP
Regional Office, which is co-located with the BFP-Iloilo City Station, will be placed
under lockdown for three days after one of its employees tested positive for Covid-
19.
Page | 17
In his Facebook page, Treñas said he had a meeting with the COVID team, “and
decided nga e-lockdown ang Regional Office sang BFP for 3 days after one of them
turned out positive from the PCR test. As a Government Agency, It should also
follow the regulations of the LGU especially as we try to control the Local
Transmission of Coronavirus disease here in Iloilo City.”
Treñas subsequently issued Memorandum Order No. CMO-159, series of 2020,
regarding the strict imposition of the 14-day home quarantine on all locally-
stranded individuals and Overseas Filipino Workers who will arrive in Iloilo City
starting June 16, 2020, onwards until a vaccine is readily available to the general
public.
Appropriate disciplinary measures and possible charges may be filed against those
who fail or refuse to comply.
It was gathered that the BFP personnel who tested positive for Covid-19 took a
leave of absence on March and went home to Cebu.
“Naabutan sya doon ng lockdown sa Cebu kaya hindi nakabalik,” Gomuwang said.
She returned to Iloilo City on June 5 where she was billeted at Go Hotels Iloilo at
corner Ledesma and Mabini Sts., City Proper district, Iloilo City.
The following day, she underwent rapid antibody test and reverse transcription-
polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) test.
She was negative in the rapid test.
The personnel allegedly requested if she could undergo home quarantine to
complete the 14-day mandatory quarantine.
Gomuwang said health authorities agreed to it.
By “home quarantine,” the personnel stayed at the BFP barracks located at the
third floor of the BFP regional office.
“As far as I know, she did not go around and just stayed at the BFP facility,”
Gomuwang said.
Meanwhile, even with the BFP regional office lockdown, Gomuwang assured that
their duties won’t be hampered.
“We’re still ready to respond to fire calls and other duty-related assistance,” he said.
Foreign Study:
A study published by researchers at Colorado State University and the U.S. Forest
Service’s Rocky Mountain Research Station concluded that COVID outbreaks “could
be a serious threat to the firefighting mission” and urged vigilant social distancing
and screening measures in the camps.
“If simultaneous fires incurred outbreaks, the entire wildland response system could
be stressed substantially, with a large portion of the workforce quarantined,” the
study’s authors wrote.
Page | 18
This spring, the National Wildfire Coordinating Group’s Fire Management Board
wrote — and has since been updating — protocols to prevent the spread of COVID-
19 in fire camps, based on CDC guidelines. Though they can be adapted by
managers at different fires and even by individual team, they center on some key
recommendations:
Firefighters should be screened for fever and other COVID symptoms when they
arrive at camp.
Every crew should insulate itself as a “module of one” for the fire season and limit
interactions with other crews.
Firefighters should maintain social distancing and wear face coverings when social
distancing isn’t possible. Smaller satellite camps, known as spike camps, can be
built to ensure enough space.
Shared areas should be regularly cleaned and disinfected, and sharing tools and
radios should be minimized.
The guidelines do not include routine testing of newly arrived firefighters — a
practice used for athletes at training camps and students returning to college
campuses.
The Fire Management Board’s Wildland Fire Medical and Public Health Advisory
Team wrote in a July 2 memo that it “does not recommend utilizing universal
COVID-19 laboratory testing as a standalone risk mitigation or screening measure
among wildland firefighters.” Rather, the group recommends testing an individual
and directly exposed co-workers, saying that approach is in line with CDC guidance.
The lack of testing capacity and long turnaround times are factors, according to
Forest Service spokesperson Dan Hottle.
The exception is Alaska, where firefighters are tested upon arrival at the airport and
are quarantined in a hotel while awaiting results, which come within 24 hours,
Hottle said.
Fire crews responding to early-season fires in the spring had some problems
adjusting to the new protocols, according to assessments written by fire leaders
and compiled by the Wildland Fire Lessons Learned Center.
Shawn Faiella, superintendent of the interagency “hotshot crew” — so named
because they work the most challenging or “hottest” parts of wildfires — based at
Montana’s Lolo National Forest, questioned the need to wear masks inside vehicles
and the safety of bringing extra vehicles to space out firefighters traveling to a
blaze. Parking extra vehicles at the scene of a fire is difficult in tight dirt roads —
and would be dangerous if evacuations are necessary, he wrote.
“It’s damn tough to take these practices to the fire line,” Faiella wrote after his
team responded to a 40-acre Montana fire in April.
Page | 19
One recommendation that fire managers say has been particularly effective is the
“module of one” concept requiring crews to eat and sleep together in isolation for
the entire fire season.
“Whoever came up with it, it is working,” said Mike Goicoechea, the Montana-based
incident commander for the Forest Service’s Northern Region Type 1 team, which
manages the nation’s largest and most complex wildfires and natural disasters.
“Somebody may test positive, and you end up having to take that module out of
service for 14 days. But the nice part is you’re not taking out a whole camp. … It’s
just that module.”
The total number of positive COVID cases among wildland firefighters among the
various federal, state, local and tribal agencies is not being tracked. Each fire
agency has its own system for tracking and reporting COVID-19, said Jessica
Gardetto, a spokesperson for the Bureau of Land Management and the National
Interagency Fire Center in Idaho.
The largest wildland firefighting agency is the Agriculture Department’s Forest
Service, with 10,000 firefighters. Another major agency is the Department of the
Interior, which BLM is part of and which had more than 3,500 full-time fire
employees last year. As of the first week of August, 111 Forest Service firefighters
and 40 BLM firefighters (who work underneath the broader Interior Department
agency) had tested positive for COVID-19, according to officials for the respective
agencies.
“Considering we’ve now been experiencing fire activity for several months, this
number is surprisingly low if you think about the thousands of fire personnel who’ve
been suppressing wildfires this summer,” Gardetto said.
Goicoechea and his Montana team traveled north of Tucson, Arizona, on June 22 to
manage a rapidly spreading fire in the Santa Catalina Mountains that required 1,200
responders at its peak. Within two days of the team’s arrival, his managers were
overwhelmed by calls from firefighters worried or with questions about preventing
the spread of COVID-19 or carrying the virus home to their families.
In an unusual move, Goicoechea called upon Montana physician — and former
National Park Service ranger with wildfire experience — Dr. Harry Sibold to join the
team. Physicians are rarely, if ever, part of a wildfire camp’s medical team,
Goicoechea said.
Sibold gave regular coronavirus updates during morning briefings, consulted with
local health officials, soothed firefighters worried about bringing the virus home to
their families and advised fire managers on how to handle scenarios that might
come up.
But Sibold said he wasn’t optimistic at the beginning about keeping the coronavirus
in check in a large camp in Pima County, which has the second-highest number of
Page | 20
confirmed cases in Arizona, at the time a national COVID-19 hot spot. “I quite
firmly expected that we might have two or three outbreaks,” he said.
There were no positive cases during the team’s two-week deployment, just three or
four cases where a firefighter showed symptoms but tested negative for the virus.
After the Montana team returned home, nine firefighters at the Arizona fire from
other units tested positive, Goicoechea said. Contact tracers notified the Montana
team, some of whom were tested. All tests returned negative.
“I can’t say enough about having that doctor to help,” Goicoechea said, suggesting
other teams might consider doing the same. “We’re not the experts in a pandemic.
We’re the experts with fire.”
That early success will be tested as the number of fires increases across the West,
along with the number of firefighters responding to them. There were more than
15,000 firefighters and support personnel assigned to fires across the nation as of
mid-August, and the success of those COVID-19 prevention protocols depend
largely upon them.
Paul, the Oregon firefighter, said that the guidelines were followed closely in camp,
but less so out on the fire line. It also appeared to him that younger firefighters
were less likely to follow the masking and social-distancing rules than the veterans
like him. That worried him as he realized it wouldn’t take much to spark an
outbreak that could sideline crews and cripple the ability to respond to a fire
Local study:
Following the confirmation of the first localized transmission on March 7, the DOH
raised its alert to Code Red Sub-Level 1. President Rodrigo Duterte later issued
Proclamation No. 922 on March 9, formally declaring a public health emergency,
authorizing local government units to employ their local disaster risk reduction
management funds.
The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) on March 9 issued a directive
ordering retailers should only allow the sale of two bottles of each type of
disinfectant per person as a measure against hoarding. In line with the public
health emergency declaration, the department imposed a 60-day price freeze on
basic commodities.
On March 16, the president signed Proclamation No. 929 declaring a state of
calamity throughout the country for six months, bringing into effect the following:
price control of basic needs and commodities,
granting interest-free loans,
distribution of calamity funds,
authorization of importation and receipt of donations, and
Page | 21
hazard allowance for public health workers and government personnel in the fields
of science and technology.
President Duterte has signed administrative orders providing daily hazard pay and
additional special risk allowance to front line government officials and employees
including health workers.
The office of Vice President Leni Robredo on its part raised funding for personal
protective equipments.
The Department of Labor and Employment and the Department of Social Welfare
and Development has started their own emergency cash subsidy programs.
Bayanihan to Heal as One Act
Main article: Bayanihan to Heal as One Act
Senators during a special session to tackle the passage of the Bayanihan to Heal as
One Act on March 23.
Following the sharp increase of confirmed cases, President Duterte called on
Congress to hold special sessions on March 23 to enact the Bayanihan to Heal as
One Act upon his request, which would "authorize the President to exercise powers
necessary to carry out urgent measures to meet the current national emergency
related to COVID-19 only for three months unless extended by Congress." The act
would allow President Duterte to "reallocate, realign, and reprogram" a budget of
almost ₱275 billion ($5.37 billion) from the estimated ₱438 billion ($8.55 billion)
national budget approved for 2020, in response to the pandemic; enable him to
"temporarily take over or direct the operations" of public utilities and privately
owned health facilities and other necessary facilities "when the public interest so
requires" for quarantine, the accommodation of health professionals, and the
distribution and storage of medical relief; and "facilitate and streamline" the
accreditation of testing kits.
In the House of Representatives of the Philippines, the bill was introduced as
House Bill No. 6616 with House Speaker Alan Peter Cayetano of Pateros–Taguig as
its principal sponsor and was defended on the floor by Deputy Speaker Luis
Raymund Villafuerte of Camarines Sur's 2nd district. Executive Secretary Salvador
Medialdea addressed the session, stressing that the president needed "standby
powers" to address the emergency. Some representatives questioned the nature,
usage, and necessity of the "standby powers", claiming its susceptibility to abuse
and corruption.
In the Senate of the Philippines, the bill was introduced as Senate Bill No. 1418
with Senate President Tito Sotto and Senator Pia Cayetano as its principal sponsors.
Under the bill, Senator Cayetano said that over 18 million Filipino households living
below the poverty line would also receive financial incentives of around ₱5,000–
8,000 ($97.45–155.92) per month for two months. Senators amended their version
Page | 22
of the bill to include financial compensation of around ₱100,000 ($1,965.33) to be

given by PhilHealth to health professionals who contracted the virus, as well as the
provision of around ₱1 million-worth ($19,653.27) of financial aid to their families.
Both versions of the bill reportedly removed the usage of the term "emergency
powers", replacing it with "authority". It also removed the term "take over of public
utilities and private businesses", limiting President Duterte's abilities at most to
"direct the operations" of such enterprises.
The House version of the bill passed the House of Representatives in a 284–9 vote
without abstentions,while its Senate version unanimously passed the Senate.
President Duterte signed the bill into law the following day.
Since the first COVID-19 cases were recorded, the Government has taken a
number of measures to mitigate and respond to the spread of the disease. Below is
but a snapshot of implemented actions by the national government and local
government units (LGUs) while additional measures continue to be instigated2
By virtue of the Executive Order No. 1683 ,the National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council (NDRRMC) activated the Inter-Agency Task Force on
Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF-EID) led by the Department of Health (DOH).
Chaired by the Secretary of Health, the IATF-EID serves as the lead advisory body
to the President on the management and implementation of necessary actions
related to COVID-19.
Under the auspices of the IATF-EID, DOH together with relevant government
agencies developed the Inter-Agency Contingency Plan for Emerging Infectious
Diseases and COVID-19, which outlines the tools needed to mount a full-scale,
whole-of-government response to a code red alert with sustained community
transmission leading to epidemic surge. The National Contingency Plan for COVID-
19 includes a Four Door strategic framework, which provides an integrated and
coordinated response for specific stages corresponding to a colour code (White,
Blue and Red) in the course of a public health situation. The DOH is the lead
implementing agency of the National Contingency Plan for COVID-19.
he contingency plan is divided into cluster-specific implementation plans based on a
worst-case scenario of several thousand confirmed cases in the country.
Based on this planning figure, an estimated US$239.7 million in personal protective
equipment, testing kits, ventilators and other equipment and supplies are needed to
strengthen the capacity of the health system to cope with the predicted surge in
acute cases.

Synthesis of the Reviewed Studies

Page | 23
All the concept and ideas from the foregoing literature and studies contributed
much the formulation of this research work and afforded the researcher to have a
good working knowledge in studying the Capability of Norzagaray Fire Station in
Dealing Fire Incidents.
CHAPTER 3
Methods of Research and Procedure
This chapter presents the procedures used in the study. The research design,
respondents, instrument used, construction of instrument distribute.
3.1 Research Design
The descriptive methods of research will be utilized by the researchers to assess the
Capability of Norzagaray Fire Station in Dealing Fire Incidents.
The descriptive method of research involves collecting data in order to answer the
questions concerning a current status. It involves description, recording, analysis,
and interpretation of condition that exist.
Historical design
Emergency Medical Services: The section composed of eighteen (18) procedures

covers not only how to perform emergency medical responses during fire/ disaster
operations but also incident rehabilitation; critical incident stress management; and
emergency medical team protocols and decorum. The overwhelming infection and
fatality rate associated with the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), popularly known as
COVID-19, reached pandemic level in March 2020. This is challenging global norms
and development trends especially in relation to basic human security–health, food,
Page | 24
livelihoods and resource conservation. This has unveiled the gaps and weaknesses
in state responses, programs, implementation strategies, systems and structures,
which if not addressed timely and efficiently, has the potential to reverse gains
achieved and push back the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs). This Quick Assessment Report on the Impacts of COVID-19 on Indigenous
Peoples in Asia supported by the World Bank is part of the Bank’s consultations with
indigenous peoples’ organizations being undertaken by its Indigenous Peoples Focal
Points.
Descriptive design
Assisted in community monitoring and provided support in the management of

checkpoints. Established decontamination facilities in selected major control points
identified by the IATFMEID. Provided security assistance to DSWD for the
implementation of the Emergency Subsidy Program as instructed by the Joint Task
Force Coronavirus Shield (JTF CV SHIELD). Placed BFP EMS teams nationwide on
standby and ready to respond relative to requests for patient transport. Ensured a
total of 108 personnel to man the Mega Swabbing Facility at the Philippine Arena in
collaboration with the Office of the President (OP) and OCD. Performed technical
decontamination for scheduled walkthrough within the Mega Testing Center.
Regularly coordinated with OCD and DOH for possible deployment of personnel to
the Mega Treatment Monitoring Facility at Filinvest Tent, Spectrum Midway,
Alabang Muntinlupa. In adherence to “Bayanihan to Heal as One”, a total of 27
personnel from different agencies (5 from DOT; 5 from DOE; 3 from PSA; 6 from
DENR; 4 from DTI; 3 from DOJ; and 1 from the Philippine National Volunteer
Service Coordinating Agency) convened and volunteered as additional manpower at
the mega swabbing facility at Philippine Arena, Ciudad de Victoria, Sta. Maria,
Bulacan.
Experimental design
Page | 25
There are 8,073 of the personnel will be utilized to aid with the on-site triage,
treatment, transport and decontamination to a total of 1,803 control points and
community quarantine control points nationwide; 4,749 of the personnel were
delegated to support other functions of the Bureau in fight against COVID-19 such
as monitoring the health status of the BFP workforce, conducting contact tracing,
assisting in the implementation of emergency subsidy program, rendering duty in
isolation areas, monitoring activities of the workforce deployed on the ground and
extending additional manpower to National Government Agencies for the timely
provision of basic necessities of the community. Coordinated and assisted the Local
Government Unit, DOH, PNP in the enforcement of ECQ.
Case study design
The BFP provide assistance to inspection at various checkpoints in the region.

Provided assistance to the DSWD for the distribution of cash aid and other
programs. Conducted disinfection in various locations. Bureau of Fire Protection
conducts regular disinfection of the EOC facility and other equipment. Continuous
operation of Dry Decontamination to all offices (Regional, Provincial and Stations).
BFP personnel assisted in the conduct of Emergency Subsidy Program. BFP
personnel region wide assisted in the distribution of Social Amelioration Fund in
their respective cities and municipalities. RED teaming operation activities to ensure
the efficiency of deployed BFP personnel in various checkpoints. All stations
observed the regular and thorough disinfection of barracks, offices and immediate
premises. Continuous monitoring and observance of the medical health status of
BFP personnel within the region who are on PUM/PUI. PIO- continuously
coordinating Information Education Campaign through social media.
Teleconferencing of Regional EOC to provincial EOC to ensure proper recording of

data. BFP personnel of this region donated a part of their salary for the month of
May 2020 as part of the Bayanihan to heal as one Challenge. Collected donation
shall be used to fund humanitarian efforts related to Covid-19 response. Perform
other task as directed by IATF, CVRDRRMC and Health Task Force.
Page | 26
Qualitative
We conducted an interview in BFP NORZAGARAY FIRE STATION is located in the
Municipal compound of Barangay Poblacion, Norzagaray, Bulacan.
Population and Sampling Scheme

The population of the study will comprise of the (2) groups of respondents.
The first group respondent will be the BFP Personnel who are serving their duty in
Norzagaray Fire Station. The second group will be the residents of Municipal
compound of Barangay Poblacion, Norzagaray, Bulacan.
Description of the Respondents

In this study, the researcher will be utilized as part of the study the profile of the
respondents which include age, sex, civil status, educational attainment and length
of service.
Research Instruments
In gathering data, the researchers will be utilized the survey questionnaire. It will
be administered the (2) groups of respondents which includes age, sex, civil status
and educational attainment.
The second part will address respondent’s assessment of the Capability of

Norzagaray Fire Station.
The third part will cover the problems encountered by the Norzagaray Fire Station.
Validation of Instruments
In validation of the instruments ,the researchers distribute personally to the person
who have personal knowledge to this study who are not included are respondents
such as Dean of Criminology Department, Research Adviser and the Professor in
Criminological Research.
They will be ask if all the items are clear and can easily be understood and not bias,
if the items are enough to collect the necessary data in the study.
Page | 27
Procedure in Gathering of Data

In the gathering data, the researcher was conducted to the following
procedures:
1. Conduct of interview;
2. Develop survey questionnaire;
3. Distribution of survey questionnaire;
4. Collection of data;
5. Statistical treatment;
6. Presentation;
7. Analysis;
8. Interpretation; and
9. Tabular and graphical presentation.
Statistical Treatment of the Data

The following statistical treatments will be use in the data that will be gathered in
the conduct of the survey.
The percentage method will be utilized in the analysis and evaluation of the data
on the profile of the respondents according to age, sex civil status, and educational
attainment. It was computed as the follows:
Formula:
P = _______ x100
Where:
P- Percentage
Page | 28
N - Frequency
f - Number of respondents
100 – Constant
The Weighted Mean will be used to determine the central tendency which describe
the characteristics of the population. It will be computed as follows:
∑fx
WM = ____________
WM - Weighted Mean
∑ - Summation Sign
f - Frequency
x - Unit Weight
n - Number of Respondents
N= Number of Respondents
For the significance difference, the following formula will be used
in the determination of the significant difference among the assessment
of the two groups of respondents in the study of the capability of
Norzagaray Fire Station. The F – test will be used.
F – test is parametric test to compare the means of two or more
groups of independent samples also known as analysis of variance. (
ANOVA)
( GT) 2
CF = ____________
Page | 29
Where:
GT = grand total
TSS = total sum of squares minus CF or correction factors
BSS = between sum of squares minus CF or correction factors
WSS = within sum of squares or it is the difference the TSS
minus
For the analysis of the study on the Capability of Caloocan City Central
fire Station. A four point scale will be used in describing the data
obtain from the survey.
Point Value Mean Scale Descriptive Rating
4 3.26- 4.00 High Capabale
3 2.51-3.25 Capable
2 1.76-2.50 Less Capable
1 1.00-1.75 Not Capable
For the problem encountered in the study of Norzagaray Fire Station, the following
scale will be used.
Point Value Mean Scale Descriptive Rating
4 3.26- 4.00 High Serious

Page | 30
3 2.51-3.25 Serious
2 1.76-2.50 Less Serious
1 1.00-1.75 Not Serious
Table 1 presents the frequency distribution of the respondents. As shown in the
table, the 25 respondents or 50 percent are from the Norzagaray Fire Station
personnel , while the 25 respondents or 50 percent are from the residents of

Barangay Poblacion, Norzagaray, Bulacan.
Page | 31
Description of the Respondents

In this study, the researchers included as part of the study the profile of the
respondent as to their age, sex, civil status and educational attainment.
Table 2 shows the distribution and percentage of the respondents according to
their age. The table reflects that the BFP personnel are mostly between the ages of
31-35 with 9 respondents or 36 percent , followed by those whose ages are
between 21-25 with 8 respondents or 32 percent , while the ages 26-30 with 5
respondents or 20 percent. The ages 41-45 has 2 respondents or 8 percent, while
the ages 36-40 with 1 respondents or 4 percent.
For the group of barangay Poblacion, Norzagaray, Bulacan residents, the

ages 21-25 there were 11 respondents or 44 percent, followed by ages 31-35 with
5 respondents or 20 percent, while the ages 46 above with 4 respondents or 16
percent. The ages 41-45 and 36-40 has the same 2 respondents or 8 percent while
the ages 26-30 with 1 respondent or 4 percent.
Page | 32
Table 3 explains the profile of the respondents according to sex. As shown in
the table, The BFP personnel have 19 male respondents or 76 percent and 6 female
respondents or 24 percent.
The residents of Barangay Poblacion, Norzagaray, Bulacan have 18 male

respondents or 72 percent and 7 female respondents or 28 percent.
Page | 33
Table 4 demonstrates the profile of the respondents according to civil status.
As shown in the table, married BFP personnel are 14 respondents or 56
percent, followed by single status with 11 respondents or 44 percent.
The residents of barangay Poblacion, Norzagaray, Bulacan , single status

have 15 respondents or 60 percent, followed by married 10 respondents or 60
percent.
Page | 34
Table 5 describe the profile of the respondents according to educational
attainment. As shown in the table, almost all of the BFP personnel are College
graduate with 24 respondents or 96 percent, master’s degree have 1 respondents
or 4 percent.
For the residents of barangay 73, majority of respondents are college
graduate with 20 respondents or 80 percent, followed by those who are high school
graduate with 5 respondents or 20 percent.

Criminology Thesis Sample About Pandemic (COVID 19)

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Criminology Thesis Sample About Pandemic (COVID 19)

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Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel

Effectiveness of BFP Frontliners In Dealing COVID 19 Pandemic; An

Throughout human history, there have been a number of pandemics of diseases

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a new

Setting of the study

a conceptual framework of an early warning system for infectious diseases (the

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

How do the 1.Conduct of I. The output was

Statement of the Problem

Specifically,it sought to answer the following question:

1. Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of :

2. Is there a factor affecting the effectiveness as frontliner in terms of :

3. Into what extent effectiveness BFP Frontliner in the municipality of

4. What problem encountered by the respondents as Frontliners at the

5. How may the findings be utilized in the effectiveness of BFP Norzagaray?

There is no significant among the assessment that affecting the effectiveness of

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY :

The study was conduct in Bureau of Fire Protection Located at Norzagaray,Bulacan

The Subject Content

This research as a part of Criminological Research and Statistic (CRIM6) was be

Significance of the study

This study would be of importance to the following:

To the Concerned agencies - To justify the factors encountered by the BFP

To the Community - As a society which needs help in times of Pandemic , the

Virus - A microorganism that is smaller than a bacterium that cannot grow or

Disease - is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or

Infectious - communicable by infection, as from one person to another or from

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - is a contagious respiratory and vascular

Frontliner - a person that operates in an advanced and exposed (usually

Firefighters - Firefighters are primarily responding to fires, accidents and other

BFP - Bureau of Fire Protection

As a response agency, we must be ready and prepared. We cannot afford to put

THIS IS OUR MISSION

By Emme Rose Santiagudo and Jennifer P. Rendon

of the bill to include financial compensation of around ₱100,000 ($1,965.33) to be

Synthesis of the Reviewed Studies

3.1 Research Design

Emergency Medical Services: The section composed of eighteen (18) procedures

Assisted in community monitoring and provided support in the management of

Case study design

The BFP provide assistance to inspection at various checkpoints in the region.

Teleconferencing of Regional EOC to provincial EOC to ensure proper recording of

Population and Sampling Scheme

Description of the Respondents

The second part will address respondent’s assessment of the Capability of

Procedure in Gathering of Data

2. Develop survey questionnaire;

3. Distribution of survey questionnaire;

9. Tabular and graphical presentation.

Statistical Treatment of the Data

For the significance difference, the following formula will be used

in the determination of the significant difference among the assessment

of the two groups of respondents in the study of the capability of

Norzagaray Fire Station. The F – test will be used.

F – test is parametric test to compare the means of two or more

groups of independent samples also known as analysis of variance. (

TSS = total sum of squares minus CF or correction factors

BSS = between sum of squares minus CF or correction factors

WSS = within sum of squares or it is the difference the TSS

obtain from the survey.

Point Value Mean Scale Descriptive Rating

4 3.26- 4.00 High Capabale

2 1.76-2.50 Less Capable