INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DE HUATABAMPO

Ingeniería en Gestión Empresarial

ENGLISH 4

Research Work

Teacher:
Juan de dios Vilche

Student:
Nava Castro Cinthya Yamileth #16600278

Huatabampo Sonora june 7, 2019

 índice
*Comparatives and superlative..........................................................................................................3
ADJECTIVES IN COMPARATIVE DEGREE.....................................................................3
*Simple, perfect and progressive past tense.....................................................................................6
SIMPLE PAST...............................................................................................................................6
PAST PROGRESSIVE........................................................................................................................7
SIMPLE FUTURE..............................................................................................................................8
PROGRESSIVE FUTURE...................................................................................................................8
PERFECT FUTURE............................................................................................................................9
PASTA SALAD RECIPE WITH TUNA (receta de ensalada de pasta con atún).................................10
* Use of TOO and ENOUGH to talk about skills.........................................................................12
ENOUGH.......................................................................................................................................12
TOO..............................................................................................................................................12
*Use the simple past and the present prefect to talk about important events...............................14
SIMPLE PAST.................................................................................................................................14
PRESENT PERFECT........................................................................................................................14
*Conditional verb and its uses.........................................................................................................15
CONDITIONAL TYPE ZERO.............................................................................................................15
CONDITIONAL TYPE 1...................................................................................................................15
CONDITIONAL TYPE 2...................................................................................................................16
CONDITIONAL TYPE 3...................................................................................................................16
CONDICIONAL MIXTO...................................................................................................................17
Conclusión........................................................................................................................................18
*Comparatives and superlative
 ADJECTIVES IN COMPARATIVE DEGREE
The comparison is used to compare differences between the two objects that you modify
(larger, smaller, faster, higher). It is used in sentences where we compare two names, in the
following way:

Name (subject) + verb + adjective in comparative degree + than + name (object).

EXAMPLE:

 My house is larger than hers.

 This box is smaller than the one I lost.

 Your dog runs faster than Jim's dog.

 The rock flew higher than the roof.

 Jim and Jack are both my friends, but I like Jack better. ("than Jim" se
sobreentiende)

 ADJECTIVES IN A SUPERLATIVE DEGREE

The superlative is used to describe an object that is at the top or bottom of a quality (the
tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest). It is used in sentences in which we compare a
subject with a group of objects, like here:

Name (subject) + verb + the + adjective in superlative degree + name (object).

EXAMPLE:

 My house is the largest one in our neighborhood.

 This is the smallest box I've ever seen.

 Your dog ran the fastest of any dog in the race.

 We all threw our rocks at the same time. My rock flew the highest. ("of all the
rocks" )
*Simple, perfect and progressive past tense

SIMPLE PAST
A simple past tense prayer should know that this time is used to talk about actions, events
or situations that happened in the past that are now over. Such actions may have happened
recently.Sally phoned a moment ago.

EXAMPLE:

 I smoked 40 cigarrettes a day until I gave up.

 I had a word with July this morning.

 I never met my grandmother.

 I saw Tim downtown.

 PERFECT PAST

The present perfect consists of the last form of the verb "have" plus a verb in participle:

PASADO PERFECTO = HAD + V. PARTICIPIO

To understand a sentence written in perfect past tense you should know that in English this time:

- It is mainly used to express which of two events occurred first in the past.

- Sometimes it works simply as the past form of the present Perfect.

- It is used with verbs like hope, expect, suppose, mean, want, to describe things we would have
liked to have done, but which we did not do

EXAMPLE:

 The patient had died when the doctor arrived.

 Jannet was excited because she had never been to a Disco before.
 I had hoped to send her a telegram to congratulate her on her graduation, but I didn´t have
time to do it.

PAST PROGRESSIVE

If you observe that the verb is conjugated in the past tense progressive (or continuous), you
should know that in English this time is used to describe actions or situations that were
happening at some time in the past. Generally, the progressive past is used together with the
simple past in a sentence.

The progressive present is formed with the past of the verb "to be" (was / were) plus
another verb in infinitive to which the ending "-ing" is added.

Be + V-ing

EXAMPLE:

 Phil was working in his essay last night.

 I was waiting for you last night.
 John was talking to his girlfriend on the phone when I came in and was still talking
to her when I went out an hour later.
 Jane met Robert Redford when she was living in Hollywood.
 While my husband was working in the garden I was cooking dinner.
 Jerry was always making mistakes when he was working here.
*Simple, progressive and perfect future
SIMPLE FUTURE
El futuro simple se forma con will y un verbo en infinitivo. Este tiempo verbal se usa para
predecir eventos o para decir lo que creemos que sucederá.

EXEMPLE:

 It will rain tomorrow.

 Colo Colo will win on Saturday.
 The concert will start in a minute.

We can also express the future with other different forms of will, which are used to manifest, rather
than predictions, intentions, plans, etc.

-Be going to

-Be to

-Present progressive

-Simple present

EXEMPLE:

 I´m going to see him tomorrow.

 I´m to see him tomorrow.
  I´m seeing him tomorrow.
 I see him tomorrow.

PROGRESSIVE FUTURE
The progressive future is formed with "will" plus the verb to be plus the -ing form.

WILL + BE + V.-ING

You should know that this verbal form is commonly used to describe actions that will be in progress
in the immediate or distant future. In addition, it is often used to visualize a planned future activity.

EXAMPLE:

 Hurry up! The guests will be arriving at any minute!

 A space vehicle will be circling Jupiter in five year's time.
 By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach.

PERFECT FUTURE
I. The shape of the perfect simple future is:

WILL HAVE + PARTICIPANT PAST

The perfect future is used to indicate that an action will already be done at a certain time in
the future.

II. The form of the progressive perfect future is:

WILL HAVE BEEN + V. –ING

It is used to express the state of a situation in a future perspective.

EXEMPLE:

I.

 I will have have retired by the year 2020.

 I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow.

II.
  By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years.
 We will have been married a year on June 25th.

* Healthy foods

Eating healthily not only depends on the type of food consumed, but the habits and customs
that are followed when feeding take an important role in order to maintain good health. It is
so necessary to know the foods that report benefits as those that are more harmful or less
recommended, so that a varied and balanced diet can be established that does not exclude
nutrients, vitamins and minerals necessary for the body to carry out its functions .

PASTA SALAD RECIPE WITH TUNA (receta de ensalada de pasta con atún)
Like the pasta wthi chicken version, this salad id easy and delicious to make. Even a child
can prepare it.

Ingredients:

100 grams of short pasta macaroni or

screws go well

2 cans of tuna

½ onion
6 o 7 tomatoes

Some leaves of fresh lettuce

½ can of corn

Salt

Pepper

Olive oli

Balsamic vinegar

1 optional hard- boiled egg

Preparation

- Cook the pasta in a pot with water, in a traditional way. Once it is ready, strain it and put
it to cool.

-Pic the onion in small cubes.

-Cut the cherry tomatoes in half

-Wash the lettuce well and rub it with your hands in strips or in any way you want.

-If you decide to put the hard egg on it, cook it and reserve it.

-Choose a bowl and add the tuna cans without the liquid. The same with corn. Add all other
ingredients.

-Pain salt and pepper to taste, a good squirt of olive oil, balsamic vinegar and mix well.

Ready, you already have a pasta salad with easy tuna for dinner, or lunch, whatever you
prefer. Remember to leave the salad in the fridge for a while so it cools a little before eating
* Use of TOO and ENOUGH to talk about skills
“Enough” y “too” are used as qualifier wthi adjectives, adverbs and name to indicate a
quantity grade.

ENOUGH
Enough means “suficiente” . It is used with adjectives adverbs or names:

-Behind adjectives:

You are old enough to go school on your onw.

I think she is strong enough to get over this

-Behind adverbs:

I am not well enough today,I`m still feeling bad

-In front of names:

I do not have enough space in my house. - I do not have enough space at home.
Is there enough cold water in the fridge? - Is there enough cold water in the fridge?

-Single. When the object to be quantified is understood:

I do not want to eat more. I've had enough. - I do not want to eat anymore. I've had enough.

Enough of.

I have heard enough of your poems to know you have a great talent. - I've heard enough of
your poems, to know that you have great talent

TOO
When we talk about too we talk about a word from the class of adverbs. It means too much.

With adjectives or adverbs:

You are too old to know this - You are too old to know this.

I do not like to wake up too early. - I do not like to get up too early.

Too many / too much:

Too many is used with countable nouns and too much with countless.

I do not want to eat too much meat. - I do not want to eat too much meat.

I like too many Spanish writers - I like too many Spanish writers.
*Use the simple past and the present prefect to talk about important
events
SIMPLE PAST
Solar eclipse

The partial eclipse of the Sun that will be

published on Monday, August 21, was a natural
spectacle much awaited as much as the inhabitants
of Mexico City.

Tlaxcala, Durango, Coahuila, Baja California Sur

and Nayarit were the most interesting states of interest for this astronomical
event.

Among the related topics are welding, radiation, ritual and blindness.
PRESENT PERFECT
Petróleos Mexicanos says it does not coincide with the rating granted.

Mexico.- Petróleos Mexicanos assured that the rating of Fitch Ratings for the
company granted today, which fell from
BBB- to BB +, with a negative outlook, is a
"severe" conclusion of the company.

In a statement Pemex said that this long-

term credit rating does not match the actions
that the state's productive enterprise has
undertaken to grow and strengthen. Pemex
accused that in 5 months they have reduced the rating on 4 occasions, which
they disagree with.

*Conditional verb and its uses

Conditionals are used to speculate about what might happen, what may have happened, and
what we would like to happen. In English, most sentences that use conditional verb tense
contain the term "if". Many of the conditional constructions of English are used in
sentences that include verbs in the past. This use is called "the unreal past" because we use
a past verb tense but we are not referring to something that has actually happened. There
are five main ways to construct conditional sentences in English. In all cases, they consist
of a proposition or clause with "if" and a main proposition. In many negative conditional
sentences there is an equivalent alternative construction that uses "unless" instead of "if".

CONDITIONAL TYPE ZERO

The "zero conditional" is used when the time referred to is now or always and the situation
is real and possible. This type of conditional is usually used to talk about general facts. The
verb tense of both propositions is the "simple present". In conditional type 0 sentences, the
term "if" can usually be replaced by "when" without changing the meaning.

Proposition "if" Main proposition

If + simple present simple present

If this thing happens that thing happens.

If you heat ice it melts.

If it rains the grass gets wet.

CONDITIONAL TYPE 1
The "type 1 conditional" is used to refer to the present or future when the situation is real.
Conditional type 1 refers to a possible condition and its probable outcome. In these
sentences, the "if" clause adopts the "simple present" and the main proposition the "simple
future".

Proposición "if" Main proposition

If + simple present simple future

If this thing happens that thing will happen.

If you don't hurry you will miss the train.

If it rains today you will get wet

CONDITIONAL TYPE 2
The "type 2 conditional" is used to refer to a time that can be now or at any time and a
situation that is not real. These prayers do not allude to facts. The conditional type 2 is used
to refer to a hypothetical condition and its probable outcome. In these sentences, the "if"
proposition adopts the "simple past" and the main clause the "present conditional".

Proposition "if" Main proposition

If + simple past present conditional o present continuous conditional

If this thing happened that thing would happen o that thing would be happening.

If you went to bed earlier you would not be so tired.

If it rained you would get wet.

If I spoke Italian I would be working in Italy.

CONDITIONAL TYPE 3
The "type 3 conditional" is used to refer to a time in the past and a situation contrary to
reality. It is based on facts that are opposed to what is being expressed. The conditional
type 3 is used to refer to a condition of the past that is not real, as well as to its probable
outcome in the past. In these sentences, the "if" clause adopts the "past perfect" and the
main proposition the "perfect conditional".

proposition "if" Main proposition

If + past perfect perfect conditional o perfect continuous conditional

If this thing had happened that thing would have happened o that thing would have been
happening.

If you had studied harder you would have passed the exam.

If it had rained you would have gotten wet.

If I had accepted that promotion I would have been working in Milan.

CONDICIONAL MIXTO
El "mixed type conditional" se utiliza para referirse a un tiempo situado en el pasado y a
una situación que todavía no ha concluido en el presente. Se basa en unos hechos que son
opuestos a lo que se está expresando. El condicional mixto se emplea para hacer referencia
a una condición del pasado que no es real y a su resultado probable en el presente. En estas
oraciones, la proposición "if" adopta el "past perfect" y la cláusula principal el "present
conditional".
 Proposition "if" Main proposition

If + past perfect o simple past present conditional o perfect conditional

If this thing had happened that thing would happen

If I had worked harder at school I would have a better job now.

If we had looked at the map we wouldn't be lost.

If you weren't afraid of spiders you would have picked it up and put it outside.

Conclusión
This course has been of great importance personally for me, since I have
learned a lot the basic part of English, it is gratifying for me to have a good
progress in terms of the second language and it is good to know that the
university requires this language as a requirement of degree because English is
the most spoken language in the world and in the future I know that having
knowledge in the language will be of great importance to me as a profesional.
After reading the topics and understanding the topic perfectly, we know what
we should know in English 4. Now we have a clear understanding of how to
use the elements of conditional the past perfect and simple future there is no
doubt that the exercises and investigations They are a great way to understand
the issues.