Kshitija Nadgouda July 2020

Chenab Bridge Foundations


359 m from river bed level, 1.3 km long

Highest bridge in the world

Shallow foundations and pile foundations

Slope stability

Consolidation grouting Image source: https://www.iisc.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/chenab-project-madhavi.pdf


http://usbrl.org/him-xi.pdf
Ratneshwar Mahadev Temple, Varanasi

Tilt about 9 degrees
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No authentic documentation
about when it was built

No proper study for reason
conducted

Possible reasons:
 Differential settlement
 Poor or improper foundation
design and/or construction
 Disturbance due to nearby
construction
 Curse??!!
 3

Societies
ISSMGE - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uElPkghqoJw

Societies in India and around the world:

IGS – Indian Geotechnical Society (www.igs.org.in)

ISSMGE – International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering

(www.issmge.org)

ASCE GI– American Society of Civil Engineers – Geo-Institute (www.geoinstitute.org)

DFI (India) – Deep Foundations Institute (India) http://www.dfi.org/default.asp?india

Kshitija Nadgouda July 2020

 4
3 phase system
 Soil solids (Red)
 Water voids (Blue)
 Air voids (White)

Image source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/7648578/

Image source: https://blog.davey.com/2018/10/why-should-a-homeowner-perform-a-soil-test/

Kshitija Nadgouda July 2020
 Kshitija Nadgouda July 2020
5
3 phase system?
Image source: https://nptel.ac.in/content/storage2/courses/105103097/web/chap2final/s2.htm

What type of soil does this represent?

Saturated soil
Can you draw the phase diagram for dry
soil?
Air

Solids
Image source: https://nptel.ac.in/content/storage2/courses/105103097/web/chap2final/s2.htm
Note: The diagrams are not to any scale. Neither by volume nor by weight.
 Kshitija Nadgouda July 2020
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Phase Diagram
Volume Mass Weight

Air VA 0 0

Water
(Also called VW MW WW
pore water)

Solid VS MS WS

Volume of voids: VV= VA + VW. Also, VT= VV + VS.

Density : r and unit weight g = W/V

 Kshitija Nadgouda July 2020
7

Units!

Extremely important – especially more so in case of soil
mechanics!

Length: m

Mass: kg (sometimes in tons)

Weight: N or kN

Stress: kPa

Unit weight: kN/m3

Density: g/cc or t/m3

Importance of units: Mars Climate oribiter (1998) and Air
Canada flight 143 -Gimli glider