SHOULD

Shows the reference to the Present or Future

1. obligation (advisability/desirability), subjective often moral obligation felt by
the speaker (weaker than must)
+ — ? simple or continuous infinitive
e.g. You should treat people with more respect.
You shouldn't miss such an opportunity.
Should I talk to the manager now?

NB With the reference to the present should is used with the continuous
infinitive (simple infinitive if the verb is stative)
e.g. You shouldn't be sitting in the sun.
You shouldn't get upset over such trifles.

NB Should + Perf. inf.

a. Desirable action wasn't carried out. (+)

e.g. He looks ill. He should have stayed at home.

b. Undesirable action was carried out. (-)

e.g. You shouldn't have concealed it from us.

2. supposition implying strong probability

+ — all types of infinitives
e.g. The film should be very good as many good actors are starring.
He should have arrived hours ago.

3. special emphatic constructions

a. Rhetorical questions (why?)
e.g. Why should I do it?
Why shouldn't you invite him?

b. In object clauses (why)

e.g. I don't see why we shouldn't make friends.

c. Attributive clauses (why after reason)

e.g. I don't see any reason why he shouldn't be happy.

d. Set phrase
e.g. How should I know? - Почем я знаю?
As I was crossing the street whom should I meet but Denny Blue.

4. in certain types of subordinate clauses

a. Object clauses after expressions of regret, surprise, pleasure
e.g. I'm sorry that you should think so.
(the sequence of tenses is not observed)
b. Object clauses following the principal clause with the formal subject "it"
e.g. It is absurd that such things should happen to a family like theirs.

c. Special cases:
(To think) That it should come to this! - (Только подумать) И до чего
дело дошло!
To think that it should have happened to me! - Только подумать что
это произошло со мной!