Building Planning and Drawing

CE 216

Dr. Pritikana Das,

Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering,
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology,
Bhopal
Planning of Residential Buildings
 In planning the following principles are needed:
Principles • Aspect • Circulation
• Prospect • Sanitation
govern the
• Privacy • Elegance

theory of • Grouping • Economy

• Roomminess • Flexibility
Planning • Furniture requirement
• Practical Consideration
 Room Recommended Aspect

Aspects of Bed NW-W-SW

Kitchen E and rarely NE

different Dining Room N and NE

Drawing SE-S-SW-W
Rooms Store NW-N-NE
Privacy
 Toilet Bed Room-1 Bed Room-1

Grouping of Toilet Toilet

Bed Room-1

Rooms Toilet

Bed Room-2
Bed Room-2 Bed Room-2

No Privacy Limited Privacy Absolute Privacy

 Essential 1. Size, Shape and location of the plot

2. Specific requirement of the occupants

Factors for
3. Fund resources available
Residential
4. Locally available materials for construction
Building 5. Meteorological conditions of the area
Planning
 Providing with all facilities for the residential building, it
Facilities for includes
the Verandah, dining & drawing hall, kitchen, bed room, study
Residential room, guest room, balcony, staircase with passage, path &
Building
w.c with proper specification.
 To fulfill the needs of human activities, the residence
divided into three major areas:

I. Living Area

Major Areas
II. Sleeping Area

III. Service Area

Living Room

Purpose

Requirements
Dining Room

Purpose

Requirements
Dining for 6
Persons
Dining for 12
Persons
 Classification of kitchen:
Kitchen
1. Sitting type

Purpose 2. Standing type

Requirements
Bed Room Size of Family Number of Bedrooms
A couple 1 double room
A couple with 1 child 1 double & 1 single room
Purpose A couple with 2 children 1 double & 2 single room
A couple with 3 children 2 double & 1 single bed rooms with a room in spare

Requirements
Layout of a
Bed Room

Std. Dimension of a cot are:

2000 mm × 1000 mm – Single cot
2000 mm × 1500 mm – Double cot
  Min. floor area: 10 m2

 Min. width: 3m

 Shape: Rectangular
Specifications  Windows area: Min. 10% of floor area

 Privacy

 Grouping
  Purpose

 Requirements
 Min. breadth: 1.2 m
Bath and
 Min. length: 1.5 m
Water-Closets  Min. floor area: 1.8 m2

 Combined area > 2.8 m2 & Min. width: 1.2 m

 1. Verandah

2. Store Room

3. Prayer Room
Other Rooms 4. Children’s Room

- Purpose 5. Study Room

6. Guest Room
- Requirements
7. Sick Room

8. Hobbies Room

9. Office Room

10. Stairs

11. Garage
 Draw a typical layout of the furnitures for the
following:

❑Bed Room
Assignment-1 ❑Drawing Room

❑Kitchen
 Draw a typical layout of the furnitures for the
following:

❑Bed Room
Assignment-2
❑Kitchen
 You use a scale drawing to represent things that are too
large or too small to draw.
A scale ratio indicates the relationship between the
dimensions on the scale drawing and the actual
dimensions.
You use a scale ratio to create scale models.
Drawing Scale To create a scale drawing or model, you need to know the
relationship between the scaled dimensions and the
actual dimensions.
Both numbers represent identical units.
The scale ratio 1:1000 means that 1 cm on the drawing
represents 1000 cm in reality.
Room Recommended
Aspect
Bed
NW-W-SW
Kitchen E and rarely NE
Dining Room N and NE
Drawing SE-S-SW-W

Store NW-N-NE
 Plot area = 15 m × 20 m
 Permissible FAR= 2
 Max. Built-up Area?
 If ground floor area = 150 m2
 Total no. of floors ?
 1. First, prepare a rough bubble diagram indicating the
probable location of the various room in the plot area.
2. From that prepare the line plan for a residential building
before preparing the detailed sketch.
3. While preparing the sketch plan, the line plan with reference
to the site plan, shape of the plot, north direction, direction
of the prevailing wind, main road and view of surroundings,
etc. should be kept in mind.
4. The sketch plan should be prepared on a tracing paper.
Building Plan 5. Wall thickness, area of each unit, name of the down location
of sanitary units, staircase, flight of steps, landing up
and directions, passage width, position of doors and
windows, columns and beams, entrance gate, compound
wall, path from gate to the building, chajjas and canopy
projections should be clearly mentioned in the sketch plan.
6. Movement in the house from one room to another room or
passage through the door and show the shutter with the
direction of opening by the symbol.
6. Draw all exterior wall lines.
7. The thickness of the wall should be drawn as per given
framed structures may have external walls of 230 mm
thickness and internal walls of 150 mm thickness. Any wall
having a thickness of less than 200 mm cannot be a load-
bearing wall.
8. Study clear internal dimensions of the rooms and draw lines
for internal walls with wall thickness.
9. Study the movement in the house from one room to another
room or passage through the door and show the shutter with
the direction of opening by the symbol.
10) Plan door openings judiciously. No shutter should partly or
fully block the opening of another door or window. The space
between two adjacent door openings automatically becomes
passage and passage should be always free.
11) Draw kitchen platform, sink, built-in cupboard, W.C. pan
(commode), washbasin, staircase, front and rear steps.
12) Verandah column should not obstruct the full view of the
main entrance door or the window of the drawing-room.
13) Projections from walls as sunshades, porches, and beams
from the verandah column which are above the sill level of
windows are to be shown in dotted lines.
14) Draw extension lines and dimension lines on all sides.
15) Write clear room dimensions as per the line plan (first along
the horizontal axis and next along a vertical axis on the drawing
sheet). In the case of framed structures center to center and
overall dimensions should be shown.
16) Take every care while choosing the correct place for writing
dimensions and names so that they are quite legible and not
crowded and should never go conventional symbols/signs out
of the room. They should neither go unnoticed nor get eclipsed
by
The overall dimension of the side must tally with the sum of
dimensions in series along the direction.
17) The overall dimension of all the four sides of the building
should be mentioned.
18) Draw a line of 5 mm height, roughly at the center of the
room for the title.
19) Write a complete specification for doors, windows, and
ventilators.
20) The arrows to indicate an object should point from the
description to the object and not from object to the
description.
21) Scale for plan should not be written as 1 m = 1 cm. i.e., It
should be a fraction but never more than 1.
22) The plan is generally drawn to a scale of 1:50, 1:100 or
1:200 as per the size of the building.
23) Go for conventions and symbols for stone masonry, brick
masonry, wood, and concrete works and G.L., etc. only after
dimensioning and indicating names. Conventions must be in
lighter shade compared to the main drawing (drawn with 2H
pencil). The hatching or the other conventional signs should
never conceal the dimensions or letters or any other details.
 1) In order to be free from weathering effects and for better
stability, the minimum depth of foundation is kept 1m below
the ground level. The width of the foundation should be such
Building that the stress on the soil is within its safe bearing capacity.
Bye-Laws 2) Plinth height may be 300 mm to 600 mm but 450 mm is
more common. For waterlogging prone and important
and the buildings, the minimum plinth height is 600 mm. With greater
plinth height, the building gets a majestic appearance.
Standard
dimensions
for various
building
units
3) Plinth area should be a minimum of 1.2 times the floor area of
the building. Minimum width of the footing is 100 m more than
the one above and a minimum depth of footing is the depth of the
standard brick 100 mm.
4) Minimum width of footing = 2t + 2j
Where, t = Thickness of wall immediately above basement level
(Not less than 200 mm )
j = offset of concrete (Not less than 100 mm)
5 ) Thickness of the damp proof courses 20 mm to 25 mm.
6 ) Thickness of cement concrete floor is a minimum of100 mm
plus floor finish over it. Floor finishes are generally with 10 mm to
20 mm thick cement mortar or tiles.
7 ) Ceiling height (i.e., headroom) for main rooms of the residential
building should be 3000 mm to 3600 mm. For bath and W.C. the
ceiling height may be 2000 mm to 2750 mm.
8 ) The carpet area should be 50 to 65% of the floor area.
9 ) Main entrance door of a residential building should be of
1000 mm x 2100 mm in size. Other doors should have a
minimum width of 900 mm and a height of 2000 mm. Doors for
the garage are 2500 mm x 2300 mm and for W.C. and
bathrooms are 600 mm to 750 mm x 1800 mm with the single-
leaf shutter.
10 ) The size of windows depends on the total area of window
openings required.
The following guidelines should be kept in mind:
(i) Window width = 1/8 (width of room + height of room).
(ii) Glass area in windows should be 10% to 20% of floor area of
the room for good lighting.
(ii) At least one sq.m. of window area should be provided for
every 30 cubic meters of inside room space.
Generally, the minimum size of window is 750 mm x 1000 mm
(11) The minimum size of ventilator is 1000 mm x 500 mm in
order to provide good ventilation for any habitable room. For
bath and W.C. it should be a minimum of 450 mm x 300 mm.
Its depth greater than 450 mm or otherwise privacy is lost.
12) Size of various room of residential building.
(13) Stairs:

 Rise in residential building = 130 mm to 190 mm.

 Rise in office building = 125 mm to 150 mm.
 Going – 275 mm to 350 mm for public buildings.
 Going - 250 mm to 300 mm for residential buildings.
 Width of steps is 900 mm for residential buildings and is 1000
mm for public buildings.
 Number of Riser = (Total Height of floor / Height of riser)
 Number of treads = Number of riser – 1
(14) Thickness of R.C.C. I lintel beam 100 mm to 250 mm and
150 mm is more common.
(15) Thickness of R.C.C. roof slab is 100 mm to 150 mm
(100 mm is more common) and that of sunshades is 25 mm to
50 mm.
(16) Sunshade projection through 450 mm or 500 mm beyond
the facing of external wall.
(17) Width of verandah is from 1.8 m to 3 m and width of
passage is 0.8m to 1.2 m in residential houses.
(18) The height of parapet wall should not be less than 0.60 m
and not more than 1.2 m above the finished floor level.
19) Height of various building component.
  The complete area that is under your ownership or between
the fencing is called plot area.
 Built up area is the total area of your flat or bungalow that
includes the carpet area and the wall thickness. This will
include all the space you can move on, the area of walls and
PLOT AREA, utility area.

BUILT-UP  Normally, built up area is 10-15% more than the carpet area.
 The area over which you can spread a carpet is the carpet
AREA, CARPET area. It will give total space that is available for use. In other
AREA & FLOOR words, the carpet area can be defined as the net usable floor
area of the apartment or bungalow.
AREA  The floor area is the summation of the horizontal areas of all
the floors in the building or your bungalow, which also
includes the basement area. The area of each floor is
measured out-to-out, i.e., the wall thickness is included too.

Floor Area = total usable area + Wall thickness

Carpet Area = Total floor area – Area of external walls
Built up Area = carpet area + Area of walls
 N

Building
6m * 12 m

Road

Access
 1. Draw a detailed dimensioned plan for a residential building size of 28ft ×
38ft.
2. A rectangular building of overall dimensions 6m × 12m is to be located in a
plot size 12m × 20m. Short side of the plot is abutting the road. Sketch
the building in the plot.
Class work 3. Draw a typical layout of the furnitures for the following with proper
& dimensions:
I. Kitchen of size 3m × 5m
Assignment II. Kitchen of size 4m × 6m
III. Kitchen-cum-dining room of size 4m × 7m

  The complete area that is under your ownership or between
the fencing is called plot area.
 Built up area is the total area of your flat or bungalow that
includes the carpet area and the wall thickness. This will
include all the space you can move on, the area of walls and
PLOT AREA, utility area.

BUILT-UP  Normally, built up area is 10-15% more than the carpet area.
 The area over which you can spread a carpet is the carpet
AREA, CARPET area. It will give total space that is available for use. In other
AREA & FLOOR words, the carpet area can be defined as the net usable floor
area of the apartment or bungalow.
AREA  The floor area is the summation of the horizontal areas of all
the floors in the building or your bungalow, which also
includes the basement area. The area of each floor is
measured out-to-out, i.e., the wall thickness is included too.

Floor Area = total usable area + Wall thickness

Carpet Area = Total floor area – Area of external walls
Built up Area = carpet area + Area of walls
 N

Building
6m * 12 m

Road

Access
 IS:10711-2001
 IS:9609-2001
 IS:10714-2001 (P-20)
 SP:46-2003
 IS:10718-1993
Line Diagram
Planning of
Public
Building
Planning of  Site selection
Public  Principles of Planning
Building  Components of the building
 Planning of Public building
  These are the building other than residential building.
 The design of public building depends on nature of the
building (school, hospital, office, police station etc..)
 Every building has its own special character, function and
other requirement.
Planning Of  Some common arrangements required in all type of public
building are:
Public • Sanitary blocks
Building • Circulation
• Entrance or reception
• Parking space, garages, cycle stand etc.
• Watch-man cabin
• Public telephone, etc..
  The school site is the first and foremost educational tool in
providing quiet, healthy and pleasant environment.
 The surround must be calm ,quiet, peaceful and cheerful with
adequet natural breeze and sunlight.
Site Selection  Easily accessible from existing and newly settled areas.

for School  It should be away from busy traffic and ghastly sight as those
of cementeries and slaughter house.
Building  No public road or railway passes through it.
 It should not be in proximity of pond, river or deep ravine.
 It located in sloping and well drained area.
 No high tension line should pass through the area.
 There are many zones in educational building each zone has
got diff. functional utility.
• Academic (Class rooms, Laboratory, Tutorial room)
Zones in • Administrative (Principals office, Staff room, Office
establishment and account)
School • Common academic (Library, Model room, Recreational -
Building sports)
• General amenities (Toilet, Storage space, Water fountain,
Parking place, Play ground etc.)
  Built in area of a school should not exceed 25 % of the site
area. The remaining 75% of land is to be used for sports field

Principal of and gardens.

planning  It should be single storeyed or double storeyed and rarely

three storeyed.

 Minimum plinth height should be 0.75 m.

  Introduction
Planning of  Site selection of industrial buildings
Industrial  Components of an Industrial building
Building  Planning of Industrial building
 1. Nature of Manufacturing Process
The type of manufacturing process is the main determinant of
plant buildings. The floor load, head space, bay size etc., depend
on the type of machines and equipment to be used.
2. Plant Layout
The arrangement of machines, service centres and office exercise
Planning of considerable influence on the design and construction of plant
buildings. In fact, labour pattern should be determined first and
Industrial the building should be just a shell around this design. However,
provision for flexibility should be made to meet the future needs.
Building 3. Space Requirements
The size of plant buildings depends upon space requirements for
the flow and storage of materials, for location of machines, for
service centres and for movement of employees. The height of the
ceiling depends upon the type of equipment used. Use of overhead
conveyors and tall equipment may require high roofs. But special
structures and additional costs may be involved. Pits may be dug,
if possible, to accommodate all equipment.

Source: https://accountlearning.com/factors-considered-planning-factory-building/
 4. Material Handling
Ease in material handling assists in the reduction of
manufacturing cycle time, avoids production bottlenecks and
reduces material handling cost. Cranes, conveyor belts hoists,
etc., are increasingly used for easy handling of materials. A
Planning of reduction in the number of columns and the maintenance of
the ceiling at a desirable height are significant to the use of
Industrial material handling equipment.

Building 5. Plant Protection

The building should be so designed that there is adequate
protection of plant from fire, theft, etc. Sprinkler system, fire
escape exits, automatic alarms, outdoor hydrant, safety lights
etc., may be used for this purpose.
 6. Lighting
Lighting and illumination system within the plant exerts a significant
influence on employees’ productivity and fatigue. Therefore, lighting
standards should be kept in view during plant planning.
7. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
It is quite common in large plants to provide separate structures for
accommodating high pressure boilers. Their size will depend on heating
requirements for production. Proper ventilation is necessary to provide
Planning of adequate fresh air. Some manufacturing processes require considerable
ventilation or controlled temperature and humidity. Air conditioning is
particularly common in factory and other offices. Increasing costs of
Industrial energy have led to new trends in heating, lighting and air conditioning.
The statutory requirements of the Factories Act should also be met.
Building 8. Service Facilities
Facilities relating to cooling towers, emergency power, compressed air,
sewage treatment, etc., should also be considered in plant building. Waste
disposal should be such that regulations regarding air and water pollution,
etc., are not violated.
9. Accessibility
The factory building should be designed to ensure free movement of
workers in the plant.
 10. Aesthetic Considerations
Efforts should be made to make the building a pleasant place to work for the
employees. Their comfort should receive top priority as they spend a great deal
of their total working hours in the factory. The building should have an elegant
appearance as this adds to the pride and prestige of the employees and the
management. Any attractive, well designed plant promotes community
goodwill.
11. Appearance
Planning of The architectural style and building materials should be designed to give an
attractive exterior to plant buildings. A pleasing appearance, good landscaping
and clean surroundings are important to the local community.
Industrial 12. Future Expansion
Building Future expansion needs should be considered in planning a factory building. If
multi-storied buildings are to be expanded with additional floors, it must be
planned in advance so that the original structure has sufficient footing to bear
the additional weight.
13. Fire Protection
Need and importance for a fire protection system should be taken into account
while planning for a factory building. This has become mandatory at present.
Fire protection systems vary from the conventional fire extinguishers to
automatic fire detectors and fire protection devices in industries.
 14. Environmental Protection
Need to protect environment has to be considered while planning a plant layout.
This is being vigorously advocated all over the world now. It has become statutory
in India too. This includes ensuring greenbelt all around the factory, horticulture
and effluent disposal and water/air treatment plant and wastage disposal
schemes, etc.
15. Effluent disposal
Wherever chemical processes are used like electroplating, tanneries, etc., effluent
treatment of the discharged water has become mandatory. Hence a factory
building has to be planned for an effluent disposal system.
16. Air supply
Planning of While designing plan for a factory building, necessary care has to be taken for
adequate Air supply. This can be obtained through adequate air compressors.
Industrial 17. Contractors, consultants and collaborators

Building It is desirable that the building work is entrusted to well known consultants,
experienced in constructing industrial buildings. The design of the factory and its
layout also depends on the recommendation of collaborators — Indian and
foreign when projects are executed as per technical collaboration from such
parties.
18. Cost-economics
This is the most important aspect of a building. Better management planning and
effective monitoring by use of modern managerial aids like PERT/Milestones can
bring down the cost of construction considerably. Normally, the cost of
construction goes up due to delay in execution, changes in drawing, interruption
of work during construction, deletions of the original design.
Another source of wasteful expenditure is due to poor planning and procurement
of materials, use of inferior quality materials and lack of effective supervision.