Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Exercise 3.1
This exercise lends itself to group work. It focuses students’ attention on their knowledge of the
underlying morphological system that enables them to create new words from nonsense words.
1. striggily
2. striggish
3. striggishly
4. striggophile “someone who loves (or collects) striggs”
5. striggify
Exercise 3.2
2. {motive} + {-ate}
{motive} is a noun or adjective meaning “a desire.”
{-ate} creates verbs meaning “to make” (alienate).
3. {amaze} + {-ment}
{amaze} is a verb meaning “to astonish.”
{-ment} creates nouns meaning “state of ” (excitement).
4. {dark} + {-en}
{dark} is a noun meaning “without light.”
{-en} creates verbs meaning “to cause” (lengthen).
5. {coward} + {-ice}
{coward} is a adjective meaning “one who lacks courage.”
{-ice} creates nouns from other words (service, justice).
8. {re-} + {write}
{re-} means “repetition of the stated action” (redo).
{write} is a verb meaning “to form letters and symbols with a pen, pencil or other writing implement
on a surface.”
Exercise 3.3
Exercise 3.4
1. The | manag(e) | -er | listen | -ed | im- | patient | -ly | as | the | clerk | -’s | claim | s | became |
in- | creas- | -ing | -ly | in- | cred- | -ible.
Exercise 3.5
1. burned, burned (British English has burnt as past and past participle.)
3. sprang, sprung (Some students may prefer sprung in the past tense.)
4. strove, striven (Some dialects use strived for the past tense and for the past participle.)
5. spelled, spelled (Some dialects have spelt for the past tense and for the past participle.)
7. bit, bitten (Some dialects have bit for the past participle.)
8. leapt, leapt (Some students may use leaped for both forms instead.)
Exercise 3.6
2. Noun It is difficult to match reds because each fabric soaks up a different amount of dye.
Adjective Your face became even redder when he kissed you.
5. Noun Jan told her mother all the reasons behind her refusal to get married.
Verb Syd reasoned that someone else must have been at fault.
Exercise 3.7
actable, actably, action, actionary, actionless, activate, active, actively, activeness, activist, activistic,
activisticly, activity, antiaction, deactivate, enact, enaction, enactment, inactable, inactableness, inactably,
inaction, inactivate, inactive, inactively, inactiveness, inactivity, nonaction, nonactive, nonactively,
nonactiveness, nonactivity, proaction, proactive, proactively, proactiveness, proactivity, react, reaction,
reactionary, reactionless, reactionlessly, reactivate, reactive, reactiveness, reactivity, reenact, reenaction,
reenactment, semiaction, semiactive, semiactively, semiactiveness, semiactivity, superaction, superactive,
superactively, unactable, unactableness, unactably, and so on.
Exercise 3.8
1. sleeper
{sleep} free base
{-er} bound derivational suffix meaning “one who does;” creates agent nouns (ruler)
2. misconception
{mis-} bound derivational prefix meaning “wrong”
{concept} free base
{-ion} bound derivational suffix meaning “action or process;” used for non-count nouns
(starvation)
EX–6 EX ER CI SE A NS W ER KE Y
3. violinist
{violin} free base
{-ist} bound derivational suffix; creates agent nouns
4. referral
{refer} free base
{-al} bound derivational suffix meaning “act or process;” creates nouns from verbs
5. employee
{employ} free base
{-ee} bound derivational suffix meaning “recipient of the action;” creates nouns from verbs (refugee)
6. enjoyment
{enjoy} free base
{-ment} bound derivational suffix meaning “state, action;” creates nouns from verbs (confinement)
7. duckling
{duck} free base
{-ling} bound derivational suffix meaning “small”
8. protoform
{proto-} bound derivational prefix meaning “first in rank or time”
{form} free base
9. pentagram
{penta-} bound base meaning “five”
{-gram} bound base meaning “something written”
Exercise 3.9
This exercise can be assigned as homework or it can be done in class in small groups.
Exercise 3.10
Review Exercise
Morphological Analysis
1. stylistic
{style} free base; “sort, kind, type”; I like Madonna’s hair style.
{-ist} bound derivational suffix meaning “person who does;” creates agent nouns; pianist
{-ic} bound derivational suffix meaning “characteristic of;” creates adjectives; mythic.
2. restive
{rest} free base; “to repose”; He rested all day.
{-ive} bound derivational suffix meaning “having characteristic of;” creates adjectives; disruptive.
3. carefully
{care} free base; “concern, attention;” The neurologist exercised care in assessing head injuries.
{-ful} derivational suffix meaning “having characteristic of;” creates adjectives; painful
{-ly} bound derivational suffix; creates adverbs of manner; richly
4. reachable
{reach} free base; “to arrive at;” Ann reached our house by noon.
{-able} derivational suffix; creates adjectives; drinkable
EX–8 E X ER CI SE A N SW ER K EY
5. nationhood
{nation} free base; “a group of people as a political unit;” Europe may become a single nation.
{-hood} bound derviational suffix; creates nouns; brotherhood
6. legalize
{legal} free base; “pertaining to law;” Their marriage is not legal in California.
{-ize} bound derivational suffix; creates verbs from adjectives or nouns; equalize, rubberize
7. rivalry
{rival} free base; “an opponent;” The count met his rival at dawn.
{-ry} bound derivational suffix meaning “state or condition;” creates nouns; thievery
8. reference
{refer} free base; “to direct;” The president will refer the question to the Secretary of State.
{-ence} bound derivational suffix meaning “state or condition;” creates nouns from
adjectives ending in -ent; confidence
9. playful
{play} free base; “to act in jest or sport;” Our basketball team plays well.
{-ful} bound derivational suffix; creates adjectives; helpful
Inflectional Morphemes