PRACTICE MATERIAL.

TOPIC 1
1. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND EXEMPLIFY THEM, USING AT LEAST
TWO ITEMS DIFFERENT FROM THOSE GIVEN IN CLASS:

grammatical morphology base vs stem portmanteau

word
lexical morphology bound stem bahuvrihi
compound
back formation clipping solid
compound
blending acronym class-maintaining suffixes

2. INDICATE THE WORD FORMATION PROCESSES WHICH TAKE PLACE IN

THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLES:

Typewriting: 1. Type-writing; compounding, solid, endocentric

2. Typewrit-ing (affixation)
*deletion of final –e *

Underdeveloped: 1. Under-developed (affixation) 2. Underdevelop-ed (affixation)

Sleep-walk: compounding, hypheneated, encodenctric (verb or noun)
Walkie-talkie: reduplicative
Demoralization: des – mor – al – iz – ation (affixation)
stem
BASE

Taxpayers: 1. Tax – payers; compounding, solid, endocentric, V + O

2. Taxpay – er – s (affixation)
Day-dream: compounding, hypheneated, endocentric, A + V (noun)
Fans: 1. Clipping of fanatic
2. Fan – s (affixation)
UNICEF: acronym, nominalised
NGO: acronym, alphabetism
FAO: acronym, alphabetism
WASP: acronym, nominalised

3. WRITE DOWN THE NEGATIVE FORMS OF THE WORDS LISTED BELOW BY

USING A NEGATIVE PREFIX.
4 DERIVE VERBS FROM THE FOLLOWING WORDS, AND INDICATE THE
WORD-FORMATION PROCESS.

Bottle  to bottle (conversion) Butter  to butter (conversion)

Empty  to empty (conversion) Mask  to mask (conversion)
Rich  enrich (affixation) Short  shorten (affixation)
Sweet  sweeten (affixation) Dirty  to dirty (conversion)

5. WRITE DOWN THE APPROPRIATE ADJECTIVE BY ADDING A SUFFIX TO

THE VERB OR NOUN PRINTED IN BOLD.

1. Mr Quickwater has a great many admirable qualities. admire

2. The time seemed to stretch out in a dream-like mannner. dream
3. There was an amusing story in the paper this morning. amuse
4. There is the danger of an accidental explosion that could be caused by a
gas leak. accident
5. She thought how foolish he'd been and was not angry any more. fool
6. He made himself useful by handing round the coffee cups. use
7. The newspapers printed a shocking and .shameful story. shame
8. Judy was very complimentary about my work. compliment
9. She slept on a collapsable bed with rough, prickly sheets. collapse
10. Disposable paper tissues are more hygienic than handkerchiefs.
dispose

6. FILL EACH SPACE IN THE SENTENCES BELOW WITH THE CORRECT FORM
OF THE WORD IN BOLD PRINT ABOVE IT:

i. economy
a. We're spending too much. we must economize
b. This car uses a lot of petrol. It's terribly uneconomical
c. The Chancellor (Minister of Finance) is responsible for economic affairs.
ii. reside
a. Buckingham Palace is the Queen's official residencein London.
b. There's no industry or entertainment here. It's a residential district.
c. All residents of the neighbouring houses were warned of the gas leak.

iii. comfort
a. In that tense situation I found the good news very comforting
b. I felt rather uncomfortable, so I put a soft cushion behind me.
c. She sat in terrible discomfort on the hard chair for over an hour.
iv. dead
a. The increasing number of deaths in traffic accidents is alarming.
b. Be careful! That's a deadly poison.
c. The doctor gave him an injection to deaden the pain.
v. demonstrate
 a. The demonstrators marched through the streets chanting slongans.
b. Grandfather rarely showed the affection he felt for his family. He was a
very undemonstrative person.
c. What you say is undemonstratively false. Let me show you the facts.
vi. imitate
a. The bag is made of imitation leather.
b. Small children are very imitative in their behaviour. They just copy what
they see.
c. His acting style is inimitable No one can copy him.
vii. argue
a. She had an argument with her husband last night.
b. He's a very bad-tempered, argumentative chap. He's always quarrelling.
c. She's arguably the finest pianist in the world.
viii. repeat
a. He lost his temper and used disgusting, unrepeteable language.
b. In this essay you've said the same thing several times. It's very repetitive
c. I hope there will be no repetition of this shocking behaviour.
ix. fail
a. She is very efficient, and unfailingly polite to the customers.
b. He considered himself a failure He had succeeded in nothing.
c. It was difficult to see much in the failing light.
x. courage
a. His friends tried to discourage him from attempting the dangerous climb.
b. She courageously stood in the way of the escaping robbers.
c. His parents gave him a lot of encouragement in his studies.

7. COMMENT ON THE KIND OF CONVERSION THESE EXAMPLES MAY SHOW:

8. FORM SENTENCES TO ILLUSTRATE THE USE OF THE WORDS BELOW AS
BOTH NOUNS AND VERBS. THEN READ ALOUD EACH OF THE SENTENCES
YOU HAVE FORMED:

Conduct: [verb] the interview was conducted by phone

[noun] Two players were sent off for violent conduct
Conflict: [verb] I always conflict with him
[noun] I try to avoid conflics wherever possible
Contrast: [verb] They need to contrast both points of view
[noun] There is a contrast between her life before the accident and now
Convict: [verb] He was convicted of the murder
[noun] Two convicts escaped of prison last week
Export: [verb] Their flowers are exported around the world
[noun] There is an increment of exports
Extract:[verb] He opened a drawer and extracted a file
[noun] He read several extracts from his latest novel
Import: [verb] We import luxury goods
[noun] Cheap imports from Eastern Europe
Insult: [verb] He insulted me!
[noun] This exam is an insult to student’s intelligence
Permit: [verb] The use of mobile phone is not permitted in class
[noun] You cannot have a gun without a permit
Present: [verb] We are presented by the major
[noun] He gave me a present
Produce: [verb] Thousand chairs are produced every day
[noun] They sell the products to earn money
Record:[verb] He diaries record the lines of ordinary country people
[noun] a weekly record of world events
9. USING APPENDIX I AS A GUIDE, COMMENT ON THE FOLLOWING
COMPOUNDS.

Birdcage: Bird (N) + Cage (N)  Noun C., endocentric, solid, verbless
Blackboard: Black (Adj) + Board (N) Noun C., endocentric, solid, verbless
Bloodstain: Blood (N) + Stain (N) Noun C., endocentric, solid, verbless
Bluebell: Blue (Adj) + Bell (N) Noun C., endocentric, solid, verbless
Brick red: Brick (N) + Red (Adj) Noun C., endocentric, open, verbless
Bus driver: Bus (N) + Driver (N) Noun C., endocentric, open, V + O
Dragonfly: Dragon (N) + Fly (N) Noun C., endocentric, solid, verbless
Eating apple: Eating (V) + Apple (N) Noun C., endocentric, open, V + O
Everlasting: Ever (Adv) + Lasting (Adj) Adjective C., endocentric, solid, V + A
Facecloth: Face (N) + Cloth (N) Noun C., endocentric, solid, verbless
Factory-worker:Factory (N) + Worker (N)Noun C., endocentric, hypheneated, S+
A
Fathead: Fat (Adj) + Head (N) Noun C., exocentric, solid, verbless
Frying pan: Frying (Adj) + Pan (N) Noun C., endocentric, open, V + O
Gamekeeper: Game (N) + Keeper (N) Noun C., endocentric, solid, V + O
Glowworm: Glow (V) + Worm (N) Noun C., endocentric, solid, S + V
Haircut: Hair (N) + Cut (N) Noun C., endocentric, solid, V + O
Handmade: Hand (N) + Made (V) Adjective C., endocentric, solid, V + A
Homework: