Final Pearl PDF

Chapter - 1 Introduction
• Abstract
• Background and Need
• Users
• Symbiotic Relation
• Aim of the Thesis
• Objectives Of The Project
• Scope And Limitation of
the Project
• Research Methodology
• Design Methodology
– a home for the abandoned and the elderly 1

Introduction
1.1 ABSTRACT
• India is increasing the population rapidly. The social structure is changing rapidly. There has
been an increase in the advancement of medical and healthcare facilities which help in extending
the life span.
• If we look upon the state of elders then we would get to know that by 2025, 25% of elders above
60 and 40% of elders above age 70 are likely to be live alone. The current demand for retirement
homes is 300,000 units but in Indian has only such 4,000-5,000 such units.
• Projects encourage people from outside to mix with people living in the home. This is done
through community activities, libraries, computer labs, space for arts and crafts, music and dance
and vocational workshop locations. One needs to meet the needs of the elderly and children in
one place, but they must function independently.
1.2 BACKGROUND AND NEED
1.2.2 OLD AGE HOME
In India about 7.5% of the population is above
60 years. There are over 81 million elderly
people. The figure will rise to 177 million by
2025 and by 2050 it will be about 240 million.
Life expectancy has increased from 41 years in
1951 to 64 years today, hundreds of old age
homes have sprung up in India.
1.2.3 ORPHANAGE
About 20 million children, about 4% of the
population are orphan in which the Death of
parents-0.3% and remaining abandoned due to
poverty (Source: 2011 Census)
1.3 USERS Fig 1.1 Concept of Old age home and Orphanage
• Children including Boys and Girls of different age group (6-10yrs ;10-14yrs ;14-18yrs)
• Senior Citizen including female and male above 60yrs
• Staff including Caregivers, Kitchen Staff, Laundry Staff, Medical Staff, Teachers, Warden,
Librarian
• Supporting Staff including Cleaner, Peons, Clerks, Secretary, Workers
• Administration including Director, Head of the Children’s Home, Head of the Old-age Home,
Accounts, Co-workers.
• Guest/Volunteers which include Family of Senior Citizens, Volunteers (Young Adults/Social
Workers), Guest Educationalist
1.4 SYMBIOTIC RELATION
ORPHANS
• Reduce psychological pain: • Care
• Feeling of emptiness • Guidance
• Being unwanted
• Act as supportive pillars to each other.
• Emotional needs – Love and Care. ELDERLY
• Provide appropriate guidance. • Loneliness
• Inculcate social and family values. • Love
• Improve quality of life. Fig 1.2 Symbiotic Relation of elderly
and Orphans
Introduction
INTELLECTUAL
1.5 AIM OF THE THESIS GROWTH
HEALTHY
COMPETITIVENESS
To design an interactive platform between Senior Citizen and
INDEPENDENT
Children, a space with common shelter for the two generations THINKING
CONFIDENT
and still maintaining the privacy. The project will focus on RESPONSILBLE
three major aspects: safety, security and community.
COMPASSIONATE DECISION
1.6 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT MAKING
RELATIONSHIP
Study Objective VALUE
TRUST
• To study their psychological and mental state. ASSERTIVE
• To study about CPTED and the aspect of barrier free design
• To study the various facilities, services and activities through
the analysis of the prototype Project (online & existing).
• To visit the site for the proposed project, collect site related
data and carry out a SWOT analysis of the site.
• To integrate all the above and arrive at the analysed data for Fig 1.3 Need of Children
preparing the detail spatial requirements of the proposed
PERSONAL
project. SPACES COMMUNICATION
Design Objective
• To prepare a zoning plan, conceptual plan (design in NURTURING
KINSHIP
view of spatial requirement & site analysis). REATIONSHIPS
• To provide recreational spaces to keep them healthy and VISIBILTY

happy; learning and growing space to keep them engaged.
• To provide interaction spaces to enhance their emotional DIRECT
and social living. SECURITY

• To establish a flow access various spaces. UNCOMPLICATED COLLECTION
• To arrive at the final design proposal & prepare final KINSHIP
OPENESS
drawings and models which may help to present the design
comprehensively.
PROTECTION
1.7 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
Fig 1.4 Need of Home
• An interactive platform for old age homes and orphanages:-
Even if we combine an old age home with an orphanage we
need to have a planned space or platform where they both
can interact. We can’t always put both the generations
together as they have different priorities.
• Careful planning of spaces:- It might happen that some of TRUST PRIDE
the elder people may have some contagious diseases. Hence
they have to be isolated from the children. Therefore careful
planning is required so that spaces are segregated but are not DIGNITY RESPECT
isolated. SENSE OF SENSE OF
BEING NEEDED BELONGING
• Differently abled:- It may happen that some of the elder SECURITY
people are differently able and hence need to be catered.
And not just elder people also the children could be REATIONSHIP
EMPOWERMENT
differently abled. So the building should be responsive to VALUE
such kind of people.

• Low cost scheme:- Mostly such buildings are funded by Fig 1.5 Need of Old People
NGOs and hence need to be as cost effective as possible. So
techniques of low cost housing will be applied essentially.
Introduction
1.9 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
PROJECT
BRIEF
Literature
Case Study Site Study
Review
Data Net Case Live Case

Standards
Collection Study Study
Data Case Study Site

Analysis Analysis Analysis
Analysis
Analysis
Inference
Area
Formulation
Conceptual
Design/Zoning
Design Development
Stages
Preliminary
Design
Final Design
Table 1.1 Design Methodology

Chapter - 2 Site Analysis
• About the Site
• Location of the Site
• Accessibility to the Site
• Site Features
• Site and its Surroundings
• Site Climate
• Site Orientation
• Cross Section of the Site
• Building Bye-Laws
• SWOT Analysis

Site Analysis
2.1 ABOUT THE SITE

• Uttarakhand, the 27th state of India, also known as ‘Dev Bhoomi’ or the ‘Land of the Gods’ was
carved out of Uttar Pradesh in November 2000. Uttarakhand has a total area of 53.483 sq.km of
which around 86% area is mountainous and 70% is covered under forest.
• Rishikesh is the Gateway to the World Heritage site valley of Flowers National Park – The 8th
Wonder of the World & Char Dham Yatra. Rishikesh, is also known as the “Place of Sages” is a
spiritual town.
• Location – The town of Rishikesh is located in the North-west part of Garwhal District, Close to
the Town of Dehradun and Haridwar between 30°08’69"N, 78°26’76"E. From the town the road
winds upwards into the mountaim towards northern district of tehri Garwal, Rudraprayag and
Uttarkashi. Rishiksh is an important node from which roads fan into hostile Himalayas.
• Rishikesh Demographics – Area-13.6km² According to 2011 census, total population of Rishikesh
stands at 103,044. Rishikesh being a religious centre, observes a huge influx of crowd annualy due
to Kanwad Yatra and Chardham yatra. Also, Kumbh Mela also takes place every 3 years, Ardh
kumbh 6 years and mahakumbh 12 years.
• Topography and Slope analysis – The General slope in the city of Rishikesh is from Northeast to
southwest, where the hilly areas with highest elevations are found on the north-east and flat plains
lies on the southwest and south.
Fig 2.1 Valley of Flowers Fig 2.2 Char Dham Yatra Fig 2.3 Yoga Retreat
Fig 2.4 Site Location in India and Uttarakhand Map Fig 2.5 Site in Rishikesh
Site Analysis
2.2 LOCATION OF THE SITE

The proposed location of the orphanage cum old age home is in the Lap of Mother Nature, under
the shadow of the Great Himalayas, in the abode of Ganga Maiya, at Rishikesh, The Sacred Land
charged with positive energy through centuries of 'Tapasiya' by Rishis, Munis, yogis and Gurus.
2.3 ACCESSIBILITY TO THE SITE
Bus Stand 1.5 Km
Site
Railway Station 3.5 Km
Bus Stand
Railway
Station
Fig 2.6 Accessibility to the Site

2.4 SITE FEATURES
• Site The site in Veerpur, near Rishikesh, is marvelous .Occupants of the
building can see the panoramic view of hills during day and listen to the
sweet music of “Ganga Jal” at night.
• Coordinates 30°6'56"N 78°18'20"E
• Altitude 345m
• Shape Irregular
• Area 26,634.35 𝑚 (6.58 𝐴𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠)
• Soil Loamy Soil is ideal sol for construction: Typically, it is a combination
of sand, silt and clay. It is dark in color and soft, dry and crumbly to the
touch.
• Soil Bearing Capacity 15 ton/𝑚
• Surface Soil Depth 300m
• Seismic Zone Zone-IV
• Vegetation Few Trees, and levelled Ground
• Water Supply Underground Lines
• Electricity Supply Underground Lines
• Sewage No Sewage Disposal System available at site, a Septic Tank with proper
Treatment System shall be designed to treat the waste before releasing
the affluent for gardening and agriculture. Holy ganga cannot be
polluted with sewage waste.

Site Analysis
2.5 SITE AND ITS SURROUNDING
Site
Educational
Area
Commercial
Area
B
River Ganga
C Road
Ganga Resort
A Road
D
NH7
Asthapath
Fig 2.7 Land use and Road around Site
Fig 2.8 Site Image from angle ‘A’ Fig 2.9 Site Image from angle ‘B’
Fig 2.10 Site Image from angle ‘C’ Fig 2.11 Site Image from angle ‘D’

Site Analysis
2.6 SITE CLIMATE

Rishikesh - The holy city of Rishikesh lies on the
bank of river Ganga. The region is surrounded
not from all sides by the Himalayas and falls
under the climatic conditions of the Himalayas.
The day remains pleasant and sunny with
comparatively cold evenings. The winters are
very cold and the summers are mild and
moderate followed by a good rainfall, as its
location is in the hilly terrains. According to the
data received, Rishikesh is one such tourist spot
that can be visited any time of the year. Distance
from the sea give it a continental climate (a
relatively dry climate with very hot summers and
very cold winters, characteristic of the central
parts of Asia) with the prevalence of continental Hot and Dry
air through major parts of the year.
Rishikesh is at 30.10ºN 78.29ºE. It has an Warm and Humid
average elevation of 372 meters (1.745 feet). Its Moderate
climate is Composite. The maximum temperature
recorded through out the year so far is 30.7ºC and Cold and Cloudy
the minimum temperature of Rishikesh is 14.6ºC. Cold and Sunny
According to the Indian Meteorological Department classification.
Climate of Rishikesh season is divided as Composite
I. Winter (December to February) Fig 2.12 Climatic Zone of India
2. Summer (March to May)
3. Monsoon (June to September)
4. Post-monsoon (October-November).
Summer duration from March to June. The maximum temperature that you can expect during the
summer is around Summer 19ºC to 31ºC.
Monsoon is from July to September and during this time most activities are suspended due to the
heavy blast of rains. Rainfall is highest in the month of August. During the month of October and
November the conditions are pleasant and temperate. The annual mean rainfall in Rishikesh is about
2136.7mm.
Winter can be cold in the town and the average temperatures can be expected to around 22ºC.
Woolen clothing is essential during this period.
2.6.1 WIND The average wind speed decreases in the monsoon season compared to the summer
season. This decrease continues as the season progresses. The average winds are the strongest in June
and fall progressively till the end of August.
Table 2.1 Monthly wind speed of year 2019

Site Analysis
2.6.2 TEMPERATURE
Table 2.2 Monthly Temperature of year 2019

25ºC 5ºC Winter (December, January, February)
55ºC 25ºC Summer (March, April, May)
35ºC 20ºC Monsoon (June, July, August, September)
30ºC 10ºC Post monsoon (October, November)
Table 2.3 Maximum and Minimum Temperature of Season
2.6.3 HUMIDITY
Table 2.4 Monthly Humidity of year 2019

87% 43% Winter (December, January, February)
70% 32% Summer (March, April, May)
92% 30% Monsoon (June, July, August, September)
82% 62% Post monsoon (October, November
Table 2.5 Maximum and Minimum Humidity of Season
2.6.4 ANNUAL RAINFALL
Table 2.4 Monthly Rainfall of year 2019

5mm 0mm Winter (December, January, February)
8mm 2mm Summer (March, April, May)
43mm 2mm Monsoon (June, July, August, September)
7mm 0mm Post monsoon (October, November
Table 2.5 Maximum and Minimum Rainfall of Season
Site Analysis
2.7 SITE ORIENTATION
SUMMER WIND SUN PATH WINTER WIND

SW-NE E-W NE-SW
Fig 2.13 Orientation of site
2.8 CROSS SECTIONS OF THE SITE

The physical characteristics of the site along with physical coping strategies such as self-built
terraced embankments amplify the impact of the shock into a wide spectrum of magnitude in
which it affects the settlement. The cross-sections is that a gradient of risk increments with the
proximity to the center of the river course.
Fig 2.14 Self-Built terraced embankment to overcome the risk of flood

Site Analysis
2.9 BUILDING BYE-LAWS

• Parking Standards - 1.50 ECS / 100 sqm of floor area.
• Ground Coverage - 50%
Garden, uncovered swimming pool (maximum 6.0 sq. mt. changing room Permissible) open
platform, enclosures, swings, slide, uncovered stairs, arbour up to allowed limit, balcony and
porch (without any construction above it shall not be included in ground coverage calculation.
• F.A.R. - 1.50
• Height - 26m
• Set Backs – Front 8.5
Back 5.0
Both Side 5.0
• Distance between two blocks on the basis of the height of tallest block, the distance required
between two blocks shall be as:
(i) Distance between two blocks with 10.0 mt. height = 3.0 mt.
(ii) Distance between two blocks with 12.0 mt. height = 4.0 mt.
(iii) Distance between two blocks above12.0 mt. height = Additional 1.0 mt. for every 3.0 mt.
increase in height.
• For Boarding Institution
S.No. Sanitary Unit For Boys For Girls
1. Water Closet (W.C.) One for 8 boys One for 6 girls
2. Urinals One for every 25 boys -
3. Water Basins One for 8 boys One for 6 girls
4. Baths One for 8 boys One for 6 girls
5. Drinking Water Fountain One for every 50 boys One for every 50 girls
Table 2.6 Sanitary Unit for Boarding Institution

2.10 SWOT ANALYSIS
Strength
• Unique and outstanding mountainous environment adjoining with river Ganga gives panoramic
view during day and listen to the sweet music of “Ganga Jal” at night.
• Good connectivity with National Highway NH-7 (250m away from the site).
Weakness
• Prone to Natural Disaster.
• Lack of efficient public transport.
• No Sewage Disposal System available at site
Opportunities
• The irregular site will help in a form development of the building.
Threats
• Exceptionally high peak of Tourist inflows during vacations.
• Danger of disaster.
• Continued poor maintenance of roads

Chapter - 3 Literature Review
• Different groups in elderly people
• Changing of human body when
getting old
• Different groups in orphans and
destitute
• Child 's development
• Open spaces
• CPTED
• Spatial requirement
• Standards for Spaces
• Energy efficient studies

Literature Review
3.1 DIFFERENT GROUPS IN ELDERLY PEOPLE

Indian federation states that a woman above 58 years of age and a man above 60 years of age falls in
the category of SENIOR CITIZEN. Further they classified depending upon their conditions and
requirements.
• “The Young-Old” - An elderly among the age group of 60-72 approx. are a part of this section. They
are among the healthier happier and financially better section than the old of previous generation.
• “The Middle-Old” - An elderly among the age group of 72-84 approx. are a part of this section.
• “The Old-Old” - An elderly among the age group of 84 and above are a part of this section. Usually
people belonging to this age group needs professional medicinal health care facilities.
• “No Heir” - People who don’t have kids or lost them due to any reason and have no one to look
after falls under this category. They usually are financially capable but cannot independently do
things anymore.
• “Victims of Elderly Abuse” - elders who have been abused by their son’s, daughter’s or daughter in
law under this category. They are forced to transfer their rights on the assets to their heir and then
are ill-treated by them.
• “Children Moved to Foreign Land” - Parents whose kids have moved to foreign land for higher
education or jobs fall under this classification. These parents might be financially secured but lack
love and care of their kids.
3.2 CHANGING OF HUMAN BODY WHEN GETTING OLD
Brain Certain parts of the brain shrink, especially an area at the front of the frontal lobe and the
hippocampus; In certain brain regions, communication between neurons can be reduced. Changes in
the brain's blood vessels occur. Damage by free radicals increases.
Hearing and Vision Decline As aging, structures inside the ear start to change and their functions
decline. Their ability to pick up sounds decreases. Elderly may also have problems maintaining their
balance as sit, stand, and walk. The sharpness of elderly's vision gradually declines. The most common
problem is difficulty focusing the eyes.
Endocrine Dysfunction Levels of most
hormones decrease with aging. Even when Exercise
Capacity
hormone levels do not decline, endocrine
Decline
function generally declines with age because Balance
hormone receptors become less sensitive. Depression
Function
Problem
Although such decreased function suggests that Decline
hormone replacement therapy might be
beneficial in older people, such therapy Physiological
generally does not appear to reverse aging or
prolong life. Changes of
Changes of Endocrine
Sleep Elderly System
Muscle Loss Changes in the muscle tissue, Patterns Decline
cause muscles to have less tone and ability to
contract. Muscles may become rigid with age
and may lose tone. Strength and endurance
Communica Intelligence
change. Loss of muscle mass reduces strength. tion Barrier Decline
However, endurance may be enhanced
somewhat by changes in the muscle fibers.
Table 3.1 Flow Chart of Physiological

Changes of Elderly

Literature Review
3.3 DIFFERENT GROUPS IN ORPHANS AND DESTITUTE

In general terms, orphan is a kid who has either lost one or both the parents but, though the pain is
same technically there are different kinds of orphans out in the world
• “Single Orphan” - A child who lost one of his parents.
• “Double Orphan” - A child who lost both his parents.
• “Manufactured Orphans” - A child who was kidnapped by baby trading rackets or given away by
one of the parent to adoption agencies for money.
• “Abandoned Orphans” – A child who has living parents at the time of his and was abandoned by
the parents at their own will.
• “Casualties Born Orphans” – A child who lost his family due to natural or manmade casualties.
• “HIV/AIDS Victim Parents” - A child who lost his mother due to HIV/AIDS falls under this
category. This is classified separately because studies show as they grow older, they are also
vulnerable to possible HIV infection.
A child whose parents fall under below poverty line or live on the streets.
• “Broken Families” - A child with broken family and no source of income falls in this category .
• “Extreme poor and helpless parents” – A child whose parents are below poverty line or cannot earn
their livelihood due to health concerns.
• “Parents died of illness other than AIDS” – A child who lost his parents because of life threatening
illness and have no immediate family who is willing to take care.
• “Construction worker’s Children” – A child whose parents are construction workers and have to
live on site in life threatening situations.
• “Insurgency problems” – A child who got parted away from his parents due to wars or other
calamities and is unable to find them.
The number of children falling in the above categories is too high still the adoption rate is decreasing
leading to lot of children ending on street begging for livelihood or taking the wrong path of crime or
become victims of human trafficking and sex rackets.
3.4 CHILD 'S DEVELOPMENT
After referring various papers, there are several other micro factors, which are contributing to the
betterment of the Activity center but the above-mentioned factors are predominate.
Distinctive Architecture Young people want their activity centers to look iconic and modern
buildings they can feel proud of and get inspired.
Accessibility and Inclusivity It is important that their should be activity centers are open to people of
all ages, genders, ethnicities and abilities.
Communicating a positive image Design is one way to communicate this, such as creating a shop
window or a 'street’ through the building, allowing people to see what goes on inside.
Flexible spaces Having multifunctional areas can help overcome space and budget restrictions. A
dance studio might double as a drama space or an indoor sports hall, for example.
Dedicated spaces Young people ask for special areas for using computers, studying, holding meetings
and leaning specialist skills.
Outdoor spaces Outdoor spaces are a priority for young people, providing alternative areas for
performance, spots and socializing. Develop kitchen gardens, art studios and skate parks. They were
clear that car parks should not be intrusive or dominate the site.
Welcoming Entrance Feeling welcome and secure as they walk into their center is crucial for young
people. Cafés or gallery spaces could be positioned in the front of the building to attract users and the
wider community.
Safety and Security Everyone should feel safe in their center, and free from concern about
bullying or theft.
Literature Review
3.5 OPEN SPACES AND ITS BENEFITS TO THE ELDERLY AND CHILDREN
Open spaces are an important part of a design. They make the
design more breathable and welcoming. Open spaces play Improve
an integral part of this project because this helps in Mental And
bringing connectivity amongst the children and the Physical
old people. It brings them close to the environment Sense Of Health Contact
and significantly help in overall development. Open Belonging With Nature
spaces are not only healing but also relaxing. They
create a sense of unity among them.
WELL DEFINED OPEN SPACES Reduce
Stress And
Open Attractive
INCLUDED
• Gardening area, Pathways with shrubs Anxiety Spaces Environment
• Water fountains and ponds

• Seating spaces
• Pedestrian walks, Cycling and Jogging tracks Increase Recreation
• Natural acupressure walking paths Participation And Play
Social
• Natural flora Interaction
• Gazebos And Privacy
• Amphitheatres
• Well lighted areas
Table 3.2 Flow Chart of Open Spaces Benefits
3.6 CRIME PREVENTION THROGH ENVIRONMENT DESIGN
Crime Prevention through Environmental Design
(CPTED) is a multi-disciplinary approach to
deterring criminal behavior through Access
environmental design. CPTED strategies rely Control
upon the ability to influence offender decisions Formal
that precede criminal acts. Generally speaking, Natural
organized
most implementations of CPTED occur solely Surveillance
surveillance
within the urbanized, built environment.
Specifically altering the physical design of the Target
communities in which humans reside and Hardening
congregate in order to deter criminal activity is
Activity
the main goal of CPTED. CPTED principles of Territoriality
Programme
design affect elements of the built environment
ranging from the small-scale (such as the
Defensible
strategic use of shrubbery and other Space
vegetation) to the overarching, including
building form of an entire urban neighborhood
and the amount of opportunities for “eye on the
street”.
"Defensible Space: - Crime Prevention through Technology, Physical Security,
Urban Design" came out in 1972. His principles Policy/Procedure & Security are
were widely adopted but with mixed success. The used in a supportive-through less
defensible space approach was subsequently natural role to the CPTED Model
revised with additional built environment Table 3.3 Flow Chart of Target
approaches supported by CPTED. Hardening of CPTED
Literature Review
3.7 SPATIAL REQUIREMENT

Administration Block • AV Room
• Reception and lobby • Workshop Area
• Waiting Area • Exhibition hall
• Director’s Room • Staff Room
• Trustee’s Room • Sick Room
• Office in charge Room • Toilet – Girls and Boys
• Staff Room Recreational Facilities
• Toilet • Cafeteria
• Pantry • Gymnasium
• Program Office (Donation) • Indoor activity/ games
• Accounts Room • Counsellor Room
• Store room • Multi purpose hall
Common Kitchen • Auditorium
• Gas Store • Chatting area
• Vegetable Cutting • Meditation hall/Yoga hall
• Grocery Storage • Swimming Pool
• Pantry Outdoor Activity
• Preparation area • Walking track
• Washing area • Private Garden/ Healing garden
Common Dinning • Tennis / Shuttle
• Hand wash • Basket Ball Court
• Toilet (gents & ladies) • Golf Course
• Dining Residential Block
Staff Holding Area • Separate Rooms of Males and Females old
• Manager quarters people
• Duty Doctor quarters • Separate Rooms for Boys and Girls of
• Duty nurse quarters different age group i.e. 6-10 yrs. ; 10- 14 yrs.;
• Cleaning, Sweepers quarters 14-18 yrs.
• Assistant quarters • Guest room for Family of Senior Citizens,
Health Care Facilities Volunteers (Young Adults/Social Workers),
• Small semi ICU unit Guest Educationalist
• Consultant room Laundry Room
• Medical store Electrical Room
• Toilet Mechanical Room
• Space for stretcher and wheelchair STP Services
Learning block Fire Fighting Services
• Administrative(Information Kiosk, Parking space for ambulance
Waiting area) Security room
• Classrooms Visitors parking area
• Library Staffs parking area
• Activity Room
• Laboratory
• Language Room
• Art Room
• Music Room

Literature Review
3.8 STANDARDS FOR SPACES

3.8.1 UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY
Wheel Chair used by the disabled people for mobility. The standard size of wheelchair shall be taken as
1050mm x 750 mm
SITE DEVELOPMENT Level of the road, access paths and parking areas shall be described in the
plan along with specification of the materials.
Access Path/Walkway Access path from plot entry and surface parking to building entrance shall be
minimum of 1800mm wide having even surface without aby steps. Slope, if any, shall not have greater
than 5%.
Parking Vehicles of handclapped people the following provisions shall be made:
• Surface parking for two car spaces shall bs provided near entrance for the physically handicapped
persons with maximum travel distance of 30.0 meter from building entrance
• The width of parking bay shall be minimum 3.6 meter.
Fig 3.1 Standard Car Parking Space
BUILDING REQUIREMENTS The specified facilities for the buildings for physically handicapped
persons shall be as follows:
1. Approach to plinth level
2. Corridor connecting the entrance/exit for the handicapped.
3. Stair-ways, Lift
4. Toilet
5. Drinking water
Literature Review
Approach to Plinth Level Every building should have at least one entrance accessible to the
handicapped and shall be indicated by proper signage. This entrance shall be approached through a
ramp together with the stepped entry.
Fig 3.2 Side Elevation of Ramp
Fig 3.3 Plan of Ramp
Fig 3.4 Ramp Combined with staircase Fig 3.5 Overall of Ramp
• Ramped Approach Ramp shall be finished with non slip material to enter the building. Minimum
width or ramp shall be 1800 mm. with maximum gradient 1:12, length of ramp shall not exceed 9.0
M having double handrail at a might of 800 and 900 mm on both sides extending 300 mm. beyond
top and bottom of the ramp. Minimum gap from the adjacent wall to the hand rail shall be 50 mm.
• Stepped Approach For stepped approach size of tread shall not be less than 300 mm. and
maximum riser shall be 150 mm. Provision of 900 mm high hand rail on both sides of the stepped
approach similar to the ramped approach.
• Exit/Entrance Door Minimum clear opening of the entrance door shall be 900 mm. and it shall
not be provided with a step that obstructs the passage of a wheel chair user. Threshold shall not be
raised more than 12 mm.
• Entrance Landing Entrance landing shall be provided adjacent to ramp with the minimum
dimension 1800 mm x 2000 mm..

Literature Review
Corridor connecting the Entrance/Exit for the

Handicapped The corridor connecting the entrance/exit for
handicapped leading directly outdoors to a place where
information concerning the overall use of the specified
building can be provided to visually impaired persons either
by a person or by signs, shall be provided as follows:
a) ‘Guiding floor materials’ shall be provided or devices
that emit sound to guide visually impaired persons.
b) The minimum width shall be 1500 mm.
c) In case there is a difference of level slope ways shall be
provided with a slope of 1:12. Fig 3.6 Cross section of corridor
d) Hand rails shall be provided for ramps/slope ways.
Stair-ways One of the stair-ways near the entrance/exit for Non-slip Tread > 300
the handicapped shall have the following provisions: tread caps
a) The minimum width shall be 1350 mm. Riser
b) Height of the riser shall not be more than 150 mm and > 170
width of the tread 300 mm. The steps shall not have
abrupt (square) nosing.
c) Maximum number of risers on a flight shall be limited 20 <
to 12.
d) Hand rails shall be provided on both sides and shall Fig 3.7 Stair dimensions
extend 300 mm. on the top and bottom of each flight of
steps.
Lifts Wherever lift is required as per bye-laws, provision of
at least one lift shall be made for the wheel chair user with
the following cage dimensions of lift recommended for
> 900
> 2000
passenger lift of 13 persons capacity by Bureau of Indian
Standards.
Clear internal depth: 1100mm.
Clear internal width: 2000 mm.
Entrance door width: 900 mm.
a) A hand rail not less than 600 mm. long at 800-1000 mm. > 1100
above floor level shall be fixed adjacent to the control Fig 3.8 Space inside elevator
panel.
b) The lift lobby shall be of an inside measurement of
1800 x 1800 mm or more.
Drinking Water Suitable provision of drinking water shall
be made for the handicapped near the special toilet provided
for them.
Allow sufficient space around the water fountain to make it
easily accessible for wheel chair users. Depending on the
type of water fountain allow a space about 700 mm high
and 350 mm deep under the fountain.
Fig 3.9 Drinking water fountain

Literature Review
Toilet One special W.C. in a set of toilet shall be provided for the use of handicapped with
essential provision of wash basin near the entrance for the handicapped.
• The minimum size shall be 1500 x 1750 mm.
• Minimum clear opening of the door shall be 900 mm. and the door shall swing out.
• Suitable arrangement of vertical/horizontal handrails with 50 mm. clearance from wall shall be
made in the toilet.
• The W.C. seat shall be 500 mm. from the floor.
Fig 2.8 Typical Layout of Female Toilet Fig 2.8 Typical Layout of Male Toilet
Fig 2.8 Side Elevation of Toilet
Fig 2.8 Handrail
Fig 2.8 Plan of Toilet

Literature Review
3.8.2 AUDITORIUM
Fig 2.8 Contact relationship between public and stage and among one another
Fig 2.8 Sightlines at transverse gangway; the angle of the rake lines is constant

Literature Review
Auditorium Requirements
Accessible toilet facilities should be nearby.
Seating for person with disabilities to be accessible from main entrances and lobby.
Various seating/view choice to be provided for persons in wheelchairs throughout the main seating area.
A Minimum of 2 wheelchair spaces for seating capacity up to 100 seats.
A Minimum 4 wheelchair spaces for seating capacity from over 100 to 400 seats
Maintain view
aisle width
Clear View
Fig 2.8 Sight view
Fig 2.8 Plan view of seating arrangement
Fig 2.8 Plan view of guest seating arrangement

Literature Review
3.8.3 GENERAL OFFICES AND MULTIPLE WORKSTATION

The work stations most frequently used is a disk and it accessories.
Figure 3 : Different types of work stations
3.8.4 MEETING AND CONFERENCES ROOM

• Minimum Area per person – 1.5 m²/person
• Maximum Area per person – 2 m²/person
• Each person must have long surface of table and at least
37.5 cm wide. Room should be well lighted and ventilated.
• The room should have easy access for visitor meant for
working discussions with delegates, scholar, visitors, etc.
It majority require space for: visual equipment’s, store for
equipment, furniture.
• The room should have sufficient space for alternative
layouts.
Figure 6: Boat Shape for 28 people
Figure 6: Trapezoid /Round for 12 people
Figure 6: V- Shape for

20 people
Figure 6: Race Track for
Figure 6: Solid for 20 people
26 people
Literature Review
3.8.5 CLASS ROOMS

Teaching Area includes
Standard Class Room 65-70 sq.m.
Supplementary Room 65-70 sq.m.
Extra Large Rooms (For History/ Geography) 85 sq.m.
Rooms for Special Courses 40-45 sq.m.
Table 2.2 Different Classroom Area
Student Requirement 2 sq.m. per head
Shape Requirement Rectangular; Square
Window Requirement At least at one side
Clear Height 2.7 - 3.4 M
Width of Corridors 1.25-2M for less than 180 people
Table 2.2 Classroom Requirement Area
Figure 5: Different types of Classroom
3.8.6 LABORATORIES
Laboratories for teaching and practicals comprising a large Number
of workstations, usually with simple basics equipment. Research labs
are usually in smaller spaces with special equipment and additional
rooms for activities such as weighing and measuring , centrifuges and
autoclaves, washing up acclimated and cold storage rooms with
constant temperature, photographic rooms/dark room etc.
Figure 5: Research Lab Figure 5: Language Lab

Literature Review
3.8.6 PLAYGROUND
Play makes a fundamental Contribution to the development of personality. It is mainly
through play that small children adapt to their environment. Play areas must be varied,
changing and changeable. Play is a social experience, through it children learn to understand
the consequences of their behavior.
Figure 5: Relationship of open area with the Building

Net Usable Area
Type Of Sport Permissible Dimensions Standard Dimensions
Length (M) Width (M) Length (M) Width (M)
Badminton 13.4 6.1 13.4 6.1
Basketball 24-28 13-15 28 15
Football 30-50 15-25 40 20
Figure 5: Different types of Playground

Literature Review
3.8.7 KITCHEN AND DINING HALL

Because kitchens are potentially as dangerous as bathrooms, equal care should be given to their
layout and design. In locating the kitchen in the plan, provide easy access to the outside and direct
access to the dining space, which could be a portion of the living room. In some plans , space can
be provided in the kitchens for dining. In some cases , an additional 20 to 40 sq. ft are necessary
• To able to eat comfortably, one person requires a table area of around 60cm wide by 40cm deep.
This provides sufficient clearance between adjacent diners.
• Kitchen has 70/30 ratio of space with dining i.e. it covers 30% area of the 70% dinning space

Literature Review
3.8.7 HOUSING FOR ELDERLY
Private Outdoor Area

Swing door
preferred to
slider
10’ Conservation
Area
Main
Seating
Figure 4: Minimum Frontage and edge distances
60” min.
from T.V. 42” for
Chair + Overhead Protection
Passage
36” main Lateral
Circulation Privacy Screen
Entrance
Dining work with moving
4’-2”
3’-0”
Kitchen
living area furniture
Figure 1: Minimum Clearance, circulation

and conservation area of living room 5’-0”
Figure 5: Balcony
42” for
dressing
24” min 30” min for

circulation
36” desirable
Figure 4: Walk-n-closet Depths
18” min for

bed making
Figure 2: Typical Standard Figure 3: Typical Standard
Bedroom-with twin beds Bedroom-with double beds

Literature Review
3.8.7 STAFF QUARTERS

• Cleaning, Sweepers Quarters include
1 room (used as bedroom, siting, dining and store) 18 m²
Kitchen 9 m²
Toilet/Shower 4 m²
Circulation (+15%) 5 m²
TOTAL NET AREA 36 m²
• Married Staff Quarters include
Sitting/Dining Room (allow up to 8 person to eat) 15 m² Figure 5: Cleaning Sweeper Quarters
2 Bedroom (for parents and children) 11 m²
Kitchen and Store 13 m²
Toilet/Shower 4 m²
• Bachelor Staff Quarters include
Sitting/Dining Room 9 m²
1 Bedroom 9 m²
Toilet/Shower 4 m²
Figure 5: Married Staff Quarters
• Head Quarters include
Sitting/Dining Room (allow up to 8 person to eat 17 m²
3 Bedroom (for parents 11 m²
Children 9 m²
Guest) 9 m²
Toilet/Shower 4 m²
Toilet/Shower (for Guest) 2 m²
Figure 5: Bachelor Staff Quarters

Literature Review
3.8.8 LIBRARY
• Depending upon the scope of the services the center means to offer, it can provide files of
periodicals, newspapers, books, journals recorded music, which might not be conveniently
available to the members.
• If the library is to be used by outsiders, then the room should be located in such a position that it
is easily accessible from the exterior.
• It should be removed from the noisy side of the building.
• The total need may be divided in to five categories:
• Space for Books
• Readers
• Staff Group
• Meetings
• Mechanical Operations
• Space required for public seating: 30 sq ft / seat.
• Space required for child (reader): 20 sq ft / seat.
Figure 5: Diagram of essential library elements
Figure 5: Floor Area for an Figure 5: Minimum distance Figure 5: Bookshelf for Children
individual Work between tables
Figure 5: Microfiche reading Figure 5: Four-seat Figure 5: Height of four-shelf unit

workstation microfiche station for small children

Literature Review
3.8.9 HEALTHCARE SERVICES

Circulation: entrance and circulation within the building must consider wheelchair users, parents
with small children and people with disabilities.
Effective zoning is required: Public zone, Clinical zone and Staff zone.
Privacy and Confidentiality are important, especially at the reception desk and clinical rooms
during consultations and treatments
Flexibility and growth should be catered for flexibility in the user of some space.
Figure 5: General medical practice premises
Figure 5: Area for physiotherapy Figure 5: Minimum Area: Figure 5: Minimum Area:
couches Doctor’s Consultation examination of
reclining patient

Literature Review
3.9 ENERGY EFFICIENT STUDIES

Efficient Energy is simply using less energy to provide the same level of energy service. Due to
global energy crisis, alternative efficient energy has taken the priority in saving and using energy
efficiently. So studies of following were made:
• RAIN WATER HARVESTING
• WASTE WATER TREATMENT
• SOLAR ENERGY
RAIN WATER HARVESTING
Rainwater harvesting is the gathering,
accumulating and storing, of rainwater. Rain water
harvesting is essential because surface water is
inadequate to meet our demand and we have to
depend on ground water. Due to rapid
urbanization, infiltration of rain water into the
sub-soil has decreased drastically and recharging Figure 5: Elements of typical water
of ground water has diminished. harvesting system
3.9.1 RAIN WATER HARVESTING TECHNIQUES:
There are mainly two main techniques of rain water harvestings.
• Storage of rainwater on surface for future use: storage of rain water on surface structures such
• as underground tanks, ponds, check dams, weirs etc.
• Recharge to ground water: n Pits, Trenches, Dug wells, hand Pump and so on.
The harvesting technique consists of the following
principal-
1. Catchment Area: The catchment of a water
harvesting system is the surface which directly
receives the rainfall and provides water to the
system. It can be a paved area like a terrace or
courtyard of a building, or an unpaved area like a
lawn or open ground.
2. Conveying System: The collected water is
conveyed for filtration in a filter. The filter is
used to remove suspended pollutants from
rainwater collected over roof. A filter unit is a
chamber filled with filtering media such as fiber,
coarse sand and gravel layers to remove debris
and dirt from water before it enters the storage
tank or recharge structure. Charcoal can be added
for additional filtration. Figure 5: Rainwater collection and simple
3. Collection Space: the water is stored in small or filtration system
big reservoir.
4. The tap system: a simple water tap or a pump,
used to extract water from storage space.

Literature Review
3.9.2 WASTE WATER TREATMENT THROUGH REED BEDS METHOD
Figure 5: Reed Bed Effluent Treatment Plant

It consists of an area of reeds planted in a soil or gravel medium. It traps the solids from the effluent
during its travel across the bed. Reed beds planted in a soil medium are capable of removing BOD and
suspended solids up to 95% with potential removal of ammonia, nitrate and phosphate.
3.9.3 SOLAR ENERGY
Solar power is the generation of electricity from sunlight. This can be direct as with photovoltaics
(PV), or indirect as with concentrating solar power. Photovoltaic cell (PV) is a device that converts
light into direct current using the photoelectric effect. The PV cell consists of one or two layers of a
semi-conducting material, usually silicon. When light shines on the cell it creates an electric field
across the layers causing electricity to flow. The greater the intensity of the light, the greater the flow
of electricity. PVs will only produce electricity whilst there is daylight.
A typical solar panel of 193.75 sq.ft, on a clear day (noon), produces 129 watt/sq.ft. The amount energy
collected is 372000 watt hr, i.e. 372 units per day
Figure 5: Small scale solar electrical

(photovoltaics) energy and traditional
Buildings
Chapter - 4 Case Studies
Live Case Study
• Ayudham Society for Old & Infirm,
Delhi.
• Sos Children's Village, Dehradun
• Mirmbika- Free Progress School,
Delhi.
Net Study
• Amsterdam Orphanage
• Walumba Elders Centre

Case Studies
4.1 AYUDHAM SOCIETY FOR OLD & INFIRM

Architects: Vinay K. Chadha & Pravesh Ghai
Location: Vill. Rewla Khanpur, Jhatikra
Marg, P.O.Pandwala Kalan,
Near Najafgarh,
New Delhi – 110043.
Area Statement: Plot Area – 1 Acre
Ground Coverage – 60%
Open Area – 30%
Semi-Open Area – 10%
Architectural Aspects:
Form & Volume: Inter-Relation & Matrix of Open,
Semi-Open and Covered Spaces.
Materials: Bricks and Concrete
USP of Project: The prefect example of a Figure 4.1: Signage in front of Ayudham Society
symbiotic relation of children &
senior citizen with which children
belongs to E.W.S., get proper
guidance & attention from the old
people as they teach them where
as these children fill the emptiness
in the life of old people.
• It included 24 senior citizens, 44 children and
some handicapped persons. .
• This society provided education to nearby
villages free of cost. And various medical
services are provided to people living there as
well as people living in nearby villages.
• Provide high quality health care, at Ayudham
O.P.D.s (Medical Room) Figure 4.2: Front Gate with security of
• A Physiotherapy Centre Ayudham Society
• A Beautiful Healing Garden
• Activity Room including Library, Meditation
Room
• Other services like RO plant, Solar plant
• Hosts Training for various nursing Students
• Ayudham Society also organizes one week
summer Camp for children
• Several activities are organized throughout like
computer education, music and even Dance,
Cricket Matches, Indoor sport events, Cultural
Events and Complementary outings once a
month.
Figure 4.3: Ayudham Building

Case Studies
4.1.1 LOCATION
• Najafgarh is a town in the South West Delhi district in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, India.
Najafgarh is located at the outskirts of the southwestern part of Delhi near the Haryana border
• Coordinates: 28º33’60”N 76º58’30”E
• Elevation: 212m
Najafgarh
Ayudham
Society
Figure 4.4: Najafgarh in Delhi Map Figure 4.5: Google map location of Ayudham
Railway
Station
Najafgarh
Metro Station
Ayudham
Society Indira Gandhi
International
Airport
Figure 4.6: Accessibility to the Ayudham

4.1.2 ACCESSIBILITY
• Najafgarh Metro Station 6.4 Km
• Railway Station 36.5 Km
• Indira Gandhi International Airport 21.8 km
Case Studies
4.1.3 CLIMATE
• The climate of Delhi is composite.
• The hottest months of the year are May
and June.
• Winter weather in Delhi arrives in
November. January is usually the worst
month for fog but the problem generally
abates in February.
• The rainy season in Delhi begins in
early July, lasting until the end of
September. This is when monsoons
deliver most of the city's annual average
rainfall. Table 4.1: Climatographic data
Jan Feb March April May June July August Sept Oct Nov Dec
Avg. Temp.(°C) 14.2 16.9 22.7 28.6 33.5 34.3 31.1 29.8 29.2 25.8 20.1 15.6
Min. Temp (°C) 7.3 10.1 15.1 20.9 26.4 28.6 27.1 26 24.5 18.6 11.7 7.9
Max. Temp(°C) 21.2 23.8 30.3 36.3 40.6 40 35.2 33.6 34 33 28.6 23.4
Avg. Temp (°F) 57.6 62.4 72.9 83.5 92.3 93.7 88.0 85.6 84.6 78.4 68.2 60.1
Min. Temp (°F) 45.1 50.2 59.2 69.6 79.5 83.5 80.8 78.8 76.1 65.5 53.1 46.2
Max. Temp(°F) 70.2 74.8 86.5 97.3 105.1 104.0 95.4 92.5 93.2 91.4 83.5 74.1
Precipitation /
15 10 14 3 11 42 205 246 112 26 3 6
Rainfall (mm)
Table 4.2: Average Temperature in month at Delhi
Figure 4.7: Sun path at 12pm on 5th February 2020

Case Studies
Staff Residential
4.1.4 SITE PLAN Block
750 sq. ft.
Children
Residential Block
Built and Unbuilt Spaces 3150 sq. ft.
Unbuilt Space Built Spaces Chintan Sthall

(Mediation hut)
100 sq. ft.
Area Distribution
Admin block
Multipurpose Hall Guest House
600 sq. ft. Senior Citizen
Waiting Area + Security Residential Block
7800 sq. ft.
Physiotherapy room + OPD
Senior Citizen Residential Block
Guest House
Mediation Hut
LAWN P
Children Residential Block A
Staff Residential Block S Multi
S Purpose Hall
Table 4.3: Area Pie-Chart A 1100 sq. ft.
G
E
Admin.
Physiotherapy Waiting Area Block
Room + OPD + Security 1400 sq. ft.
400 sq. ft. 1100 sq. ft.
NORTH Figure 4.8: Site Plan of Ayudham Society
Case Studies
4.1.5 INTERFACE SPACES
Figure 4.9: Entrance Pathway which is used as Figure 4.10: Lawn which is used as Assembly
evening walkway and parking for 24x7 Ambulance. area with “Waiting Area” as stage.
Figure 4.11: Chintan stall (meditation hut) Figure 4.12: Administrative wing including
which is used as outdoor dine for Children. Reception, Director Room, Offices, Accounts, Store,
Toilet.
Figure 4.13: Outpatient department various Figure 4.14: Physiotherapy center which exists for
medical services are provided to people living residents and nearby villagers. Trained
there as well as people living in nearby villages. physiotherapist is available during morning hours
4 Camera View
3 1
2 5
6 Figure 4.15: Key Plan

Case Studies
Figure 4.16: Multipurpose hall where religious / Figure 4.17: Dining room which serve 40
meditation/ meetings are organized periodically. member at a time.
Figure 4.18: Pantry attached with dining hall Figure 4.19: Kitchen only vegetarian meals are served.
which is used to serve the members Non-veg meals are not permitted in the society premises
Figure 4.20: wet area semi-covered washable Figure 4.21: RO PLANT

area which give ease to dry Filtered water is available for all residents
3 1
2 Camera View
6
Figure 4.22: Key Plan

Case Studies
TYPE OF ACCOMODATION :-
There are three categories of apartments based on residents financial position:-
a) Financially well off
b) Person with limited resources
c) Economically weaker section
One special section which is CCU(Critical Care Unit) with 24x7 availability of care taker with them.
Also, having Guest Room for Family of Senior Citizens, Volunteers (Young Adults/Social Workers)
and Guest Educationalist.
FINACIALLY WELL OFF
CATEGORY
They are provided with room of
350 sq. Ft. approx. with
1. Kitchenette. 4
2. front & back verandah.
3. attached bathroom.
3
2
1
Figure 4.23: Typical layout plan of Financially well off
Figure 4.24:Toilet with hand rail for easy

assessible to old people
Figure 4.26: Double bedroom with seating space
Figure 4.25:Small Pantry/Kitchenette Figure 4.27:Attached Verandah

Case Studies
PERSON WITH LIMITED RESOURCES

Room with twin sharing of 250 sq. Ft. with attached
toilet, pantry and balcony.
Figure 4.28: Room having two resident on sharing Figure 4.29: Typical layout plan of
person with limited resources
ECONOMICALLY WEAKER SECTION
1. Accommodation in dormitory having
three residents on sharing.
2. Common Activity Room in each floor.
5
3. Railing across the corridor to support.
4. Common bathroom/washroom.
4
2
Figure 4.31: Corridor having handrail to support Figure 4.30: Typical layout plan of EWS
Figure 4.32: Male/female separate Figure 4.33: Shared Bed Figure 4.34: Activity
toilet area
Case Studies
Figure 4.35: CCU (Critical Care Unit) Separate bed by Figure 4.36: Guest Room surrounded by
curtain wall with availability of 24x7 care taker beautiful landscape and water fountain
Figure 4.37: Multipurpose Hall where “camps” Figure 4.38: Class Room provided education to
are organized periodically. nearby villages free of cost for mentally retired and
EWS.
Figure 4.39: Store having Figure 4.40: Toilet Figure 4.41: Staff residential block G + 1 block
stock of all the necessary Accessible for all age for the workers and their family.
grocery, also wheel chair. groups.
Camera View from
Ground Floor
1
7 Camera View from
2
Second Floor
6
3
Case Studies
4.1.6 SERVICES
Figure 4.43: Vertical Circulation in form of Lift and Figure 4.44: Laundry area
Ramp of 1:10 slope Semi-covered washable area
which give ease to dry
Figure 4.45: Diesel Generator to provide all kind Figure 4.46: Solar panels on roof
electrical services for 24x7
Camera View from

Ground Floor
3 2 1 Camera View from

Second Floor

Case Studies
4.2 SOS CHILDREN'S VILLAGE

Architects: Ashok B Lall
Building Type: Institutional
Location: SOS Children's Village,
Rajpur Rd, Old Rajpur,
Kairwaan Gaon, Dehradun,
Uttarakhand
• Dehradun Uttarakhand is one of the best
examples of energy saving building in India.
• The site for this residential campus
measures 14,300 sq.m.
• It is comprising of 15 family cottages, small
nursery school, dispensary, community
house, residences for the director and
co-workers, recreation room and place of
worship. Figure 4.48: View of SOS village from entrance
• The hilly site, a part of which was a mango
orchard, slopes generally towards the south.
• It was inaugurated on 4th of October, 1999.
• The Central Tibetan Administration aims to
build it to protect and promote Tibetan
culture.
• The SOS Tibetan Children's Village
Dehradun dedicated to the Tibetan children
that provide home and education to 225
children.
• The emphasis is on simple low-cost,
low-maintenance construction. The primary
strategy is to provide protection from harsh
winds from north-east and to provide solar
access. The outdoor, used extensively by all Figure 4.49: Group of children going to school
the residents, is also designed as ‘habitat’
space.
• The site has a slope towards south, which
allows orientation of the cottages.
• The site comprises of horticulture zone,
animal husbandry, and floriculture and crop
cultivation with the natural endowment of
slopes and the watercourse.
• The site has the entrances from the north -
west direction from Mussoorie – Dehradun
30’ wide steep road.
• Landscape planning has been carefully done
to provide shelter from cold winter winds
and access to winter sun.
Figure 4.50: Children at their residential place

Case Studies
4.3.1 LOCATION
• Dehradun is the capital of the Indian state of Uttarakhand, near the Himalayan foothills. Dehradun
has earned the epithet of being revered as the ‘Educational Hub Of Uttarakhand’.
• Elevation: 935m
SOS
Children’s
Village
Figure 4.51: Dehradun in Uttarakhand Map Figure 4.52: Google map location of SOS Children's Village
SOS Children’s
Village
Railway
Station
Inter State
Bus Station
Jolly Grant
Airport
Figure 4.53: Accessibility to the SOS Children's Village
4.3.2 ACCESSIBILITY
• Inter State Bus Terminal (ISBT) 17 Km
• Jolly Grant Airport 39.6 km
Case Studies
4.3.3 CLIMATE
• In Dehradun, the climate is Composite.
• The rain in Dehradun falls mostly in the winter, with relatively little rain in the summer.
• The average annual temperature is 21.8°C |
71.2 °F. About 1896 mm | 74.6 inch of
precipitation falls annually.
• The driest month is April. There is 16mm |
0.6 inch of precipitation in April. In August,
the precipitation reaches its peak, with an
average of 567mm | 22.3 inch.
• With an average of 29.4 °C | 84.9 °F, June is
the warmest month. At 12.6 °C | 54.7 °F on
average, January is the coldest month of the
year.
• The precipitation varies 551 mm | 22inch
between the driest month and the wettest Table 4.4: Climatographic data
month. The variation in annual temperature
is around 16.8 °C | 62.2 °F.
Avg. Temp(°C) 12.6 14.8 19.3 24.5 28.9 29.4 26.8 26 25.5 22.1 17.3 13.9
Min. Temp(°C) 6.2 8.2 12.4 17 21.6 23.6 23.1 22.6 21.3 16.1 10.2 7
Max. Temp(°C) 19 21.4 26.3 32.1 36.2 35.3 30.5 29.5 29.7 28.2 24.5 20.8
Avg. Temp(°F) 54.7 58.6 66.7 76.1 84.0 84.9 80.2 78.8 77.9 71.8 63.1 57.0
Min. Temp(°F) 43.2 46.8 54.3 62.6 70.9 74.5 73.6 72.7 70.3 61.0 50.4 44.6
Max. Temp(°F) 66.2 70.5 79.3 89.8 97.2 95.5 86.9 85.1 85.5 82.8 76.1 69.4
Precipitation / 63 42 56 16 45 149 545 567 276 96 17 24
Rainfall (mm)
Table 4.5: Average Temperature in month at Dehradun
Figure 4.54 : Sun path at 10:30 pm on 22th February 2020

Case Studies
4.3.4 PLANNING
PARKING
TEMPLE
NORTH
SCHOOL
COTTAGES
PLAY
GROUND
CO-WORKER
RESIDENCE
ORCHARD
Figure 4.55: Site Plan of SOS Children's Village
Workshop
Entrance Room Court
Water
Tank
Electric Tank Office
Court
Medical Unit
Reading Room
Prayer Wheel School
Figure 4.56: Section through SOS Children's Village
Prayer
Wheel
Workers Up
Driver
Court
Court
Office
Up Up Up
Figure 4.57: Floor plan of SOS Children's Village

Case Studies
4.3.5 VIEW FROM ENTRANCE
Figure 4.57: Entrance with rain water channels Figure 4.58: Site steep slope towards south &
way to school
4.3.6 VIEW OF SCHOOL
Amphitheatre floor finished with low cost building material-pebbles which are non-slippery in
rain too. Cascading Steps are facing south so that in winter allows maximum solar access & trees
buffer in summers.
Figure 4.58: Amphitheatre for students:

Cascading Steps
Figure 4.59: Rain Water Drain Detail Figure 4.60: Playground in front of School

Case Studies
4.3.7 VIEW OF OUTDOOR SPACES AND BUILDING PLANNING

The outdoor spaces used commonly by the all residents. The large playground is on the clear winter
sun side i.e. Southern Side, the existing orchards shaded it.
Figure 4.61: Gazebo with sitting and tree shade Figure 4.62: Playground Surrounded by Orchard
Figure 4.63: Beautiful Landscaping Net Figure 4.64: Building are adjusted to terrain
and facing south
Figure 4.65: Front veranda of house facing Figure 4.66: Levels are adjust to receive winter
south function as adjacent outdoor space sun from south side & clearstory window at
upper level

Case Studies
4.3.8 BUILDING FABRIC AND DETAILS

Building fabric, the simple Low-cost
construction techniques to improve the thermal
performance in building. The Bed Rooms has
Double rebate windows. Yellow color timber
shutters on the inner side instead of curtains.
These are shut during the summer afternoon and
winter nights. The terracotta tile cladding
improves the thermal dampening of the roof.
The external walls are finished with light grey
colored stone aggregate plaster. They reduce the
temperature of the wall.
Neat Cement
Finish plaster
Roof tiles fixed in cement mortar Concrete 1:2:4 Figure 4.67: Stone aggregate external plaster
over water proofing layer
RCC Slab Drip

Precast
Grit Plaster
Pebble Dash
Drip Low-cost
Insulation with Plaster
hollow clay tiles Cement
cement mortar Mortar
water proofing
layer
Drip
Figure 4.68: Roof Details
Figure 4.69: RCC Roof slab finished with

hollow terracotta tiles
Timber Shutters
Glazed Shutters
Figure 4.71: Bedroom Window Details: Inner side of glazed

window has timber shutters. These provide effective
insulation and reduce infiltration for winter night
Figure 4.70: Double Rebate Window and summer afternoons.
Case Studies
4.3.8 LEARNING DERIVED

• The Architecture of the SOS Village is respond to composite climate of Dehradun and its
traditional building material.
• The concept of design is based on simple low-cost, low –maintenance construction,
environment friendly techniques , design taking the advantages of climate condition , recycling
of water ( use of rain water) , use of natural forests, air and carefully designed out building
envelop .
• The primary strategy is to provide protection from harsh winds from the north-east and to
provide solar access.
• The outdoor, used commonly by all the residents, is also designed as a habitable space.
• The planning of the village is based on independent clusters are open from all sides.
• Orientation of building is such that maximize solar access in the winters and ventilation in the
summer.
• Homes and their clusters around outdoor living courts are specially designed for the children
and their mother’s needs.
• The parking is at the front from the north side Dehradun Rajpur Road.
• A large number of straight flight of stairs go down, the water drainage are built on both side of
steps so that the rain water will runs directly into the plants.
• The winter sun and turn away from the northern wind and face the beautiful valley.
• Combination of steps and ramp.
• A little nursery school at the bottom of the cascading steps and amphitheatre for school
functions.
• The toilet block in north-east corner family homes acts as a buffer against cold winter winds.
• Terracotta tiles are used at roofs for insulation.
• Light grey colour stone aggregate plaster is used on external faces of walls.
• Windows with double rebate double shutters in house are provided to reduce infiltrations.
• Bedrooms with solid timber board shutters on inner side for insulation.
• It adopts a careful landscape planning. Landscape planning has been carefully done to provide
shelter from cold winter winds and access to winter sun. The planning and plantation schemes
are combined.
• The large playground is in a wind-sheltered zone with clear winter sun access, while the existing
fruit orchard in the campus doubles as a shaded playground.
• Smaller pockets between buildings, benches under the shelter of trees and low walls to sit or
slide on are also planned as places for informal recreation.

Case Studies
4.3 MIRMBIKA- FREE PROGRESS SCHOOL, NEW DELHI

Architects: Sanjay Prakash
Location: Sri Aurobindo Ashram
campus, near Hauz Khas in
New Delhi, India.
Year: 1981
Site Area: 48,000 sqm
Built-up Area: 11,220 sqm
Total Students: 180
Grades: Playgroup-8
Avg student: 25 per class
Typology: Courtyard
Mirambika, Free Progress School for Integral
Education and Human Values, is a center ahead
Figure 4.72: Entrance Gate of Mirambika School
of its time, focusing on Integral Education.
From its inception, Mirambika has had a
different approach towards learning. Here
learning is based on the view that each
individual comes in to life with an evolutionary
purpose and corresponding potentialities:
educating means drawing out this potential.
Mirambika center for research in human values
and integral education has a children's wing
which is a free progress school recognized by
the Directorate of Education, Delhi. At present
it has classes for children from age group 4
to 15 years. It follows the system of integral
education as formulated by Sri Aurobindo and
the Mother. Integral means total: as addresses Figure 4.73: Front of Mirambika School
the totality of the being. In Mirambika children
learn more by doing, observing and reflecting
than by didactic teaching. The curriculum is not
rigid. and evolves as the class progresses,
allowing each individual child to grow their
own place.
Building Components
Educational: Library, Art Room, Science
Laboratory, Music Room,
Meditation Room,
Talk Room, Computer Room,
Living Museum, Workshop,
Activity Room.
Recreational: Gymnasium and
Sports Room. Figure 4.74: Beautiful Thought on Circular
Service: Resource Room, Toilets, Blackboard inspire the Children
Janitor’s Closet.

Case Studies
4.3.1 LOCATION
• South Delhi is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India.
• It is bounded by the Yamuna River to the east, the districts of New Delhi to the north, Faridabad
District of Haryana state to the southeast, Gurgaon District of Haryana to the southwest.
• Elevation: 241m
DELHI
Mirambika
School
South Delhi
Figure 4.75: South Delhi in Delhi Map Figure 4.76: Google map location of Mirambika
Railway
Station
Indira Gandhi
International
Airport Hauz Khas
Mirambika
Metro Station
School
Figure 4.77: Accessibility to the Mirambika School

4.1.2 ACCESSIBILITY
• Hauz Khas Metro Station 1.4 Km
• Indira Gandhi International Airport 13.3 km
Case Studies
4.3.3 CLIMATE
• The climate of Delhi is composite.
• The hottest months of the year are May
and June.
• Winter weather in Delhi arrives in
November. January is usually the worst
month for fog but the problem generally
abates in February.
• The rainy season in Delhi begins in
early July, lasting until the end of
September. This is when monsoons
deliver most of the city's annual average
rainfall. Table 4.6: Climatographic data
Avg. Temp.(°C) 14.2 16.9 22.7 28.6 33.5 34.3 31.1 29.8 29.2 25.8 20.1 15.6
Min. Temp (°C) 7.3 10.1 15.1 20.9 26.4 28.6 27.1 26 24.5 18.6 11.7 7.9
Max. Temp(°C) 21.2 23.8 30.3 36.3 40.6 40 35.2 33.6 34 33 28.6 23.4
Avg. Temp (°F) 57.6 62.4 72.9 83.5 92.3 93.7 88.0 85.6 84.6 78.4 68.2 60.1
Min. Temp (°F) 45.1 50.2 59.2 69.6 79.5 83.5 80.8 78.8 76.1 65.5 53.1 46.2
Max. Temp(°F) 70.2 74.8 86.5 97.3 105.1 104.0 95.4 92.5 93.2 91.4 83.5 74.1
Precipitation /
15 10 14 3 11 42 205 246 112 26 3 6
Rainfall (mm)
Table 4.7: Average Temperature in month at Delhi
Figure 4.78: Sun path at 3 pm on 3th February 2020

Net Study
4.3.4 TYPOLOGY AND ZONING OF ACTIVITIES

• It was specified in the brief that as a whole there should bs continuous integration of vegetation and
structure and subtle transitions from space to space in harmony with their functions.
• Hence the generated form consisted of 12 courtyards and one large courtyard. The building
resembles Mother’s symbol i.e. twelve petals indicating powers of the Mother and a centre ‘Aditi’
signifying the ‘flame of fire’.
Figure 4.79: Zoning of Mirambika
1. Entrance lobby
2. Pond
3. Experimental School
4. Central Courtyard with
waterbody
5. Bodhi Tree
6. Auditorium
7. Gymnasium
8. Library
9. Dining Court
10. Dining
11. Trainee hostel
12. Hostel
13. Courtyard
Figure 4.80: Ground Floor

Plan of Mirambika

Net Study
4.3.5 RESPONSE TO CLIMATE

• Due to the symmetrical plan, west facing
glass was minimized by placing opaque
walls. Two large halls were placed at
9 o’clock and 3 o’clock there by slashing
heat from the worst faces in one stroke.
• The introverted courtyard planning and the
large windows and terraces allow maximum
daylight to enter the school without affecting
visual comfort. The cantilevers orientation
and landscape further take care of changing
weather condition.
• The building block is surrounded by
vegetation and trees to avoid direct sunlight
and to provide a view from every window.
Bunch of curtain creepers and bushes
provides enough shading. Terrazzo finished
terraces to reduce heat from the roof. Figure 4.81: Wind movement through the school
4.3.6 FLEXIBILITY
• It was part of the brief design a framework
that is at once definite enough to be adapted
to further changes in consciousness, purpose
and usage.
• This was achieved through a grid composed
of squares and equilateral triangles that could
be repeated vertical to create new floors.
• Standard grid of 7.2m was divided into 8
equal parts giving nominal planning
dimensions of 0.9 and clear of 0.84. the
triangle was subdivided into 4 congruent
triangles from the main 7.2 m side.
Figure 4.82: The initial space filling grid
Figure 4.84: A portion of ceiling

Figure 4.83: Planning Grid plan with structural grid
Net Study
GREEN SCREEN
• Volumes built to be screened from natural
elements without the use of glass.
• No doors and window
Figure 4.85: Vertical creepers act as Green screen
COURTYARD
• Landscaped at every level.
• Plays major role in climate Condition
• Removes Dust from the air
• Relaxes the environment.
Figure 4.86: Courtyard with beautiful Landscape
REDUCES, REUSES, RECYCLE

• Use of waste material (Marble strips)
• Highlight labor intensive methods
• Creates visually intimate scale
Figure 4.87: Marble Strip

Net Study
4.3.7 LEARNING DERIVED

• The use of structural grid in the design creates a sense of symmetry to the design but does create
sense of complete uniformity.
• The Classrooms orientation is carefully maintain north south.
• East and western facades are used for functions like amphitheater and other activities which are
not often used.
• The layout of class rooms is designed in such a way that they are flexible for future change in
curriculum.
• Provision of greens within the built creates a unique experience and a healthy learning
environment.

Net Study
4.4 AMSTERDAM ORPHANAGE

• Architects: Aldo van Eyck
• Location: Amsterdam, Netherlands.
• Project Year: 1955-60
• Project Area: 14000 sq.m.
• Climate: Cool Damp
• Form: Free plan, creating local
courts, repeated modules
with individual hipped roofs
“A tree is a leaf, a leaf is a tree. A city is house. A house is a city, and the city a house. A tree is a
tree but also a huge leaf. A leaf is a leaf but also a miniature tree. A city is not a city unless it is
also a immense house. A house is a house only if it is also a small city.”
- Aldo van Eyck
Dutch Architect Aldo van Eyck built the Amsterdam Orphanage in 1960. His design focussed on
balance of forces to create both a home and small city on the outskirts of Amsterdam.
4.4.1 LOCATION
• Ijssbaanpad 3B, 1076 CV Amsterdam, Netherlands
• Province: North Holland

Net Study
4.4.2 CLIMATE
• The Netherlands have a temperate maritime climate
influenced by the North sea and Atlantic Ocean, with
cool summers and moderate winters.
• The climate of the Netherlands can be classified as
Cfb Climate; a warm temperate humid climate with the
warmest month lower than 22ºC over average and four
or more months above 10ºC over average
4.4.3 PLAN AND CIRCULATION

• As a member of CIAM and then a founding member of team 10, van Eyck held strong
opinions on post-war architecture.
• The Amsterdam Orphanage was van Eyck’s opportunity to put his opinions in practice through
his first large scale built project. Van Eyck criticized early post-war architecture as lacking a
human element. In the Amsterdam Orphanage he sought to design a modern building with a
new urban vision from those of his CIAM predecessors.
• After a decade of experimenting with elementary forms and their interrelations, Van Eyck’s
views were synthesized in an iconic building, the Amsterdam Municipal Orphanage (1955-60).
• Here he succeeded in reconciling a great many polarities. The Orphanage is both house and
city, compact and polycentric, single and diverse, clear and complex, static and dynamic,
contemporary and traditional; rooted as much in the classical as in the modern tradition.

Net Study
4.4.4 GROUND FLOOR PLAN
KEY Private Space

1. Boys – 14-18 12. (Top flr. : Not shown) trustees,
2. Girls – 14-18 psychologists, team leader and staff Public Space
3. Boys – 10-14 rooms
4. Girls – 10-14 13. Administration and archives
Strictly Private Space
5. Kids – 6-10 14. Library
6. Kids – 4-6 15. Maintenance & service room
7. Kids – 2-4 16. Garage Service Area
8. Babies 17. Main linen room
9. Infirmary 18. Main kitchen and director’s residence Main Access
10. Festive Hall 19. Team leader’s residence
11. Theatre/Gym 20. Cycle shed Vehicular Access
Pedestrian Access
Net Study
4.4.5 MOVEMENTS
PEDESTRIAN AND
VEHICULAR
PEDESTRIAN
MOVEMENT
VEHICULAR
MOVEMENT
4.4.6 COURTYARDS
ACT AS LIGHT
TRAPS

Net Study
4.4.7 ALMOST 50% OF WALL SURFACES ARE OPENINGS TO ALLOW

LIGHT AND THUS, HEAT.
4.4.8 LIGHT WELLS IN DOMES AND CUPOLAS ALSO PROVIDE

LIGHT TO WALLED SPACES, ALONG WITH THE SLIT BEAMS
• The building is constructed out of two sizes of modules, a smaller size for the residences,
and a larger size for community spaces.
• The modules consist of four round columns at the corners with a domed roof of pre-cast
concrete on top.
• The many facades in the building are either a glass wall or a solid wall made with dark
brown bricks.

Net Study
4.4.9 DESIGN IDEOLOGY

• All are spaces related primarily to their center, a center established by the large dome-shapes,
the axial lines of the grid generated by the small domes, and the axially placed doors.
• The inner court seems to be a latter-day version of a Renaissance ‘cortile’ and the interior
streets at times recall Romanesque cloisters.
• The ‘immutability and rest’ of the classical tradition, however, is fully assimilated and
traversed by the dynamic ordering of the new reality.
• The centrality established by the architectural ‘order’ is restricted to the spaces mentioned
above, and is countered just about everywhere, as much in the design of the specific
equipment as in the overall composition.
• A larger courtyard is offset diagonally from the residential spaces, and the entrance and
administrative spaces connect with the street, the large courtyard, as well as the residential
units.
• Van Eyck avoids creating a central point within the Orphanage by allowing for such fluid
connections between all spaces.
• Within the Orphanage, units of program are laid out on an orthogonal grid. The units project
off two diagonal paths so that each unit has multiple exterior facades.
• By projecting off of a diagonal within the grid, van Eyck creates an equal amount of negative
spaces from the positives he’s formed.
• Each individual unit is then neighbored by its own outdoor space.

Net Study
4.4.10 SUSTAINABLE PRINCIPLES USED BY EYCK

• Less concrete used in beams and no plastering.
• The use of the dome.
• Load bearing walls.
• Several smaller gutters created by cupolas for rainwater.
• Lots of openings to allow light and heat.
• Prefabrication of beams.
OPEN, TRANSITIONAL AND CLOSED SPACES – SERVED AND SERVING

SPACES (I.E. OPEN AND CLOSED SPACES SERVED BY THE TRANSITIONAL SPACE
CONCRETE
CUPOLAS
PRECAST
CONCRETE BEAM
SLIT LEFT IN
BETWEEN TENSION
AND COMPRESSION
ZONES
LEFT FILLED FOR

TRANSMISSION OF
FORCE AND GIVES
ILLUSION OF A
CAPITAL

Net Study
4.4.11 PHOTOS OF AMSTERDAM ORPHANAGE
Open Spaces Bicycle Parking
Skylights Repeated Individual Hipped Roof
Central Courtyard and Glass Block Central Courtyard

Net Study
4.5 WALUMBA ELDERS CENTRE

The walumba elders centre was built in warmun
following flooding in 2011 that destroyed the town’s
previously facility, and damaged much of its housing
and other buildings.
• Architects: Iredale Pedersen Hook Architects

• Location: Warmun WA 6743, Australia
• Project Year: 2014
• Builder: Norbuillt
• Approx. Size: Total 1690 sq.m
(Internal:790 sq.m,
external:900 sq.m)
• Climate: Steppe Climate
• Type: Residential
• Material: Wood and Concrete
• Project: Joel Fuller
“One of the most significant aspect of Aboriginal culture is connection to country. At the new aged
care centre for Warmun’s Gija people spirit of the place is embodied in the design”
- Rachael Bernstone
On the 13th of March 2011, the Giga people’s home

town of Warmun, some 200 km south of Kanunurra,
was devastated by a catastrophic 1:300 year flood
event. 300 people were relocated to Kanunurra for 12
months while some 100 houses were rebuilt.
Working directly with the community elders and the

Home and Community Care staff, Iredale Pederson
Hook designed a new home for the elders based on
their cultural and social needs, while still the
requirements of an Aged Care Centre that can provide
a range of services under the commonwealth “flexible
aged care provisions”
The Walumba Elders Centre was born out of this

disaster.

Net Study
4.5.1 PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS:

The 2011 flood was deemed to be a one-in-200-year
event, but its effect had wide-reaching impacts on
subsequent town planning. Where possible, new
buildings were re-sited on higher ground, or elevated
on stilts. The elders center was rebuilt in a new
location adjacent to the school. “The Gija people
wanted their elders to be at the heart of the
community-next to the school, where everyone can
have easy access – to be able to celebrate their lives.
Being in the middle of things means the residents can
continue to communicate their lore and cultural
knowledge to the rest of the community.” Aged care
requirements ere balanced against cultural needs
around palliative care and funerary practices, which
dictate that rooms must be left vacant for prescribed
period of time after death before being used again. “
We had to interpret the national aged care guidelines
and design the facility to be future-proofed, with the
potential to offer a higher level of care with more
nurses if required. It was a very technical overlay, ”
Pedersen recalls. “That’s one of the reason we used
breezeways to separate each discrete section. It
provides the perception of separation from the rest of
the centre for those palliative care and high-care
rooms, supports cultural gender separation and
provides privacy for staff and residents.” The building
also respond to the site’s topography and climate; it is
anchored to a newly created ‘beach-head’ at the
western end, with two eastern wings that extend and
hover above the landscape like floating piers. “The
shape of the building is driven by the fact that the site
is still in the flood zone,” Pedersen says. “The
platform is three meters above the ground at its
highest point, which is interesting when you need to
deal with issues of universal access.”
• “The shape of the building is driven by the fact that
the site is still in the flood zone”.
• “The big roof becomes like a natural element in the
landscape, because you are looking out into the
treetops”.
• “As for the roof, cladding and soffit, steel cladding
is easy to cut and adapt to scape, it’s very durable,
easy to maintain and very cost-effective, so it’s still
our material of choice for regional and remote area
work”

Net Study
4.5.2 LOCATION
• Warmun Community (also known as Turkey Creek)
and Warmun are a township and locality in the
Kimberley region of Western Australia, Located on
the Great Northern Highway, 3009 km northeast of
Perth.
• Coordinates: 17º02’00”S 128º13’0”E
• Elevation: 207m (679 ft)
• 3,009 km north east of Perth
• 858 km east of Broome
• The Aboriginal managed community has a
population of around 400 people and is renowned
for producing a number of internationally
recognized artists.
4.5.3 CLIMATE
• Warmun is influenced by the local steppe climate.
• Less rainfall annually.
• According to Koppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as BSh (semi arid climate).
• Average annual temperature is 27.2º C.
• Average precipitation is 649 mm.
• The driest month is August, with 1 mm of rainfall. Most of the precipitation here falls in
January, averaging 181 mm.
• The warmest month of the year is November, with an average temperature of 32.1º C. July
is the coolest month, with temperature averaging 21ºC.

Net Study
Average Temperature Graph Climatographic data
Avg. Temp.(°C) 31.1 30.2 29.7 27.9 24.9 21.7 21 23.8 27.5 30.8 32.1 32
Min. Temp (°C) 24.9 24.4 23.6 21 17.9 14.1 12.8 15.4 19.5 23.2 25 25.3
Max. Temp (°C) 37.3 36.1 35.9 34.9 31.9 29.3 29.2 32.2 35.6 38.4 39.2 38.7
Avg. Temp (°F) 88.0 86.4 85.5 82.2 76.8 71.1 69.8 74.8 81.5 87.4 89.8 89.6
Min. Temp (°F) 76.8 75.9 74.5 69.8 64.2 57.4 55.0 59.7 67.1 73.8 77.0 77.5
Max. Temp (°F) 99.1 97.0 96.6 94.8 89.4 84.7 84.6 90.0 96.1 101.1 102.6 101.7
Precipitation /
181 153 108 23 13 4 6 1 4 16 55 85
Rainfall (mm)
Average Temperature in month at Warmun
4.5.4 ZONING
Zoning of spaces Spaces overlooking the courtyard

Net Study
1. Entry 9. WC
4.5.5 SITE LAYOUT 2. Reception 10. Store
3. Meeting 11. Dry Store
4. Admin 12. Dining & Activity
5. Kitchen 13. Fire Pit
18
23 6. Cool Room 14. Laundry
7. Toilet 15. Female WC
7 8. Male WC 16. Bedroom
7
17. Staff
23 18. Balcony
18
18 19. Bath
23 20. Palliative Care
18 23 21. Respite Care
7 7
22. Double Room
7 7 18
23 23. Single Room
24
23 24. Women Walkway
18 18 25. Women Activity
23 Space
7 26. Men Walkway
25 7 27. Men Activity Space
18 28. External Dining &
23 Activity
18 23
7 28
19
12
18 20 21
13 5 11 10
7 7
18 6 7
17 8
16 19 3
4
14 2
18 15
17 7
19 10
16
16 1
17 19
18 16

Net Study
4.5.6 PHOTOS OF WALUMBA ELDERS CENTRE
Entrance View View
Passage Courtyard

Net Study
PHOTOS OF WALUMBA ELDERS CENTRE
Cooking Pit in courtyard Well Connecting Spaces
Play of Light and Shadow Design showing CPTED

Net Study
4.6 COMPARATIVE / CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Net Study

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Chapter - 1 Introduction

– a home for the abandoned and the elderly 1

• To provide recreational spaces to keep them healthy and VISIBILTY

and social living. SECURITY

such kind of people.

1.9 DESIGN METHODOLOGY

Data Net Case Live Case

Data Case Study Site

Table 1.1 Design Methodology

– a home for the abandoned and the elderly 5

2.1 ABOUT THE SITE

2.2 LOCATION OF THE SITE

Fig 2.6 Accessibility to the Site

– a home for the abandoned and the elderly 7

2.5 SITE AND ITS SURROUNDING

Fig 2.7 Land use and Road around Site

– a home for the abandoned and the elderly 8

2.6 SITE CLIMATE

Table 2.1 Monthly wind speed of year 2019

Table 2.2 Monthly Temperature of year 2019

Table 2.4 Monthly Humidity of year 2019

Table 2.4 Monthly Rainfall of year 2019

2.7 SITE ORIENTATION

SUMMER WIND SUN PATH WINTER WIND

2.8 CROSS SECTIONS OF THE SITE

Fig 2.14 Self-Built terraced embankment to overcome the risk of flood

2.9 BUILDING BYE-LAWS

1. Water Closet (W.C.) One for 8 boys One for 6 girls

2. Urinals One for every 25 boys -

3. Water Basins One for 8 boys One for 6 girls

4. Baths One for 8 boys One for 6 girls

Table 2.6 Sanitary Unit for Boarding Institution

– a home for the abandoned and the elderly 12

– a home for the abandoned and the elderly 13

3.1 DIFFERENT GROUPS IN ELDERLY PEOPLE

Table 3.1 Flow Chart of Physiological

– a home for the abandoned and the elderly 14

3.3 DIFFERENT GROUPS IN ORPHANS AND DESTITUTE

• Water fountains and ponds

3.7 SPATIAL REQUIREMENT

– a home for the abandoned and the elderly 17

3.8 STANDARDS FOR SPACES

Fig 3.1 Standard Car Parking Space

Fig 3.2 Side Elevation of Ramp

Fig 3.3 Plan of Ramp

– a home for the abandoned and the elderly 19

Corridor connecting the Entrance/Exit for the

– a home for the abandoned and the elderly 20

Fig 2.8 Side Elevation of Toilet

Fig 2.8 Handrail

Fig 2.8 Plan of Toilet

– a home for the abandoned and the elderly 22

Fig 2.8 Sight view

Fig 2.8 Plan view of seating arrangement

Fig 2.8 Plan view of guest seating arrangement

– a home for the abandoned and the elderly 23

3.8.3 GENERAL OFFICES AND MULTIPLE WORKSTATION

Figure 3 : Different types of work stations

3.8.4 MEETING AND CONFERENCES ROOM

Figure 6: Boat Shape for 28 people

Figure 6: Trapezoid /Round for 12 people

Figure 6: V- Shape for

3.8.5 CLASS ROOMS