Stress Transformation

 x  y  x  y
 x   cos 2   xy sin 2
2 2
 x  y
 xy   sin 2   xy cos 2
2
 x  y  x  y
  x   cos 2   xy sin 2
2 2
 x  y
 xy   sin 2   xy cos 2
2
 x  y   y
2 2
  
   x     x cos 2    xy sin 2    x   y  xy cos 2 sin 2
2

 2   2 
  x  y
2

  xy    sin 2    xy cos 2    x   y  xy cos 2 sin 2
2 2

 2 
  y   y
2 2
  
  x  x    xy 2   x    xy 2
 2   2 
2

   y 
2   x  y 
2 
  x  x    xy  0 2 
     xy 2 

 2    2  
 
 Principal Stresses for Plane Stress
 Differentiating Eq. (7-5) with respect to  and setting
equal to zero maximizes  and gives

 The two values of 2p are the principal directions.

 The stresses in the principal directions are the principal
stresses.
 The principal direction surfaces have zero shear
stresses.

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

  
M  r x F  18i  10 j  x  150k
 2700 j  1500i  in.lbf
 Mohr’s Circle Diagram
• A graphical method for visualizing the stress state at a
point
• Represents relation between x-y stresses and principal
stresses
• Parametric relationship between  and  (with 2f as
parameter)
• Relationship is a circle with center at
C = (, ) = [( x +  y)/2, 0 ]
and radius of

 x   y 
2

R     2
xy
 2 
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
 Mohr’s Circle Diagram

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Fig. 3−10
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Example 3-4

Fig. 3−11
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Example 3-4

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Example 3-4

Fig. 3−11
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Example 3-4

Fig. 3−11
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Example 3-4

Fig. 3−11(d)
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Example 3-4

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

Example 3-4

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

 Example 3-4 Summary
x-y
orientation

Principal stress
orientation

Max shear
orientation
• Substituting Eq. (7-8) into Eq. (7-5) gives expression for the non-zero
principal stresses.
  
M  r x F  60i  50k  x 18j - 15i 
 900i  750 j  1080k N.m
P Mz y M yz
x   
A Iz Iy
• At point K
 15x103 M z x 0 750x 20x10 3
x  3
  9
 107.4 MPa
1.257 x10 Iz 125.7 x10
  
  
M  r x F  0.1j x  30 *103 i  0.2j x  75 *103 k 
 - 0.13k x 50 *10 j 
3

 3000k  15000i  6500i

 3000k  8500  N.m
 P M zx M xz
y   
A Iz Ix
Vz Qz
 yz 
I xt x