Carbonylation Esterification

1.Carbonylation refers to reactions that 1.Esterification is a chemical reaction that

introduce carbon monoxide into organic and forms at least one ester.
inorganic substrates

2.Esterification produces esters ,it can be

2.Carbonylations produce organic carbonyls, produced by reaction of acid and alcohol or
i.e., compounds that contain the C=O alcohol and ester .
functional group such as aldehydes,
carboxylic acids and esters.
3.Esterification reactions can be classified
3.From the point of view of the reaction based on type of reactants involved
intermediates, Carbonylation reactions can Ex.(a)Esterification of carboxylic acids with
be divided into four categories: epoxides.
(a) transition-metal-mediated (b)Alcoholysis of acyl chlorides and acid
carbonylation via the coordination of CO to anhydrides.
transition metals followed by migratory (c)Transesterification.
insertion of CO into organo-metal bonds. (d)Addition of carboxylic acids to alkenes and
(b) strong-acid-initiated cationic alkynes
carbonylation via the intermediary of acyl
cations.
(c) anionic carbonylation through the direct
addition of strong bases to CO to form highly
reactive acylanion species
(d) free-radical carbonylation by means of
acyl radicals generated from the capture of
CO by organic free radicals.

4)ex.Carbonylation of dimethyl ether to 4)Ex. Reaction between methyl alcohol and

produce methyl acetate acetic acid to produce methyl acetate.
CO + CH3OCH3↔CH3COOCH3
CH3COOH+CH3OH↔CH3COOCH3+H2O