United States of America

 315 million people live in U.S.A

 Strong and rich country
 Large Army, good laws and good leaders
 Many natural resources, businesses and factories
 It helps other countries giving it money and food
 Democracy Government
 People vote every 4 years for a president and for their lawmakers
 50 states (Alaska and Hawaii)
 Largest cities:
 New York City
 Los Angeles
 Chicago
 Capital  Washington D.C
 1619: First Africans were brought to America, they were forced to be slaves
 30 million African Americans live in U.S.A
 Northeast region:
 Coastal plains and low mountains
 Fewer natural resources: Coal, fish and forests
 Highest population density
 Factory jobs, fishing and trading
 Midwest region:
 Great Plains. Near the Great Lakes
 Coal, iron and wheat
 Dairy farms
 South region:
 Large Coastal plain, low mountains
 Cash crops and oil
 Many immigrants
 Farming
 West region:
 Tall Rocky mountains, plains and valleys
 Fruits and vegetables, many natural resources
 Alaska has large amounts of oil
 Mining or fishing
 Exports: Food, machines and cars / Imports: Cars, cameras and oil
 Buys many products from Canada
 NAFTA  Fewer tariffs
 Biggest problems:
 Doesn’t have enough natural resources
 They work harder to save their own natural resources for the future
 Americans import a lot of oil
 Rich country but millions of Americans are poor
 Lots of illegal immigrants looking for freedom or job
United Kingdom

 63 million people live in the U.K

 World power
 Largest island: Great Britain
 England, Scotland and Wales
 Largest city  Capital  London
 Separated by the English Channel from the rest of Europe / Seas surround the UK
 Mild climate, shipping and trading
 Not rich in natural resources
 Most important natural resource: Oil
 Also has natural gas and coal
 Mountains cover large parts of Scotland and Wales / Hills cover much of northern Ireland and
northern England / Plains cover southern England
 Southern England
 Has the best farmland
 Constitutional Monarchy
 King or Queen has very little power
 Parliament  lawmakers
 Queen Elizabeth is a symbol of the nation
↑ Queen of UK, and other 15 Commonwealth countries including
Jamaica and Canada
 Prime minister is the leader of the Parliament and of the entire country
↑ Gordon Brown
 Commonwealth countries
 A voluntary association of independent nations and their dependencies linked by historical
ties as part of the British Empire and cooperating on matters of mutual concerns
 High standard of living
 Service jobs, work in factories/at shipping and trading
 A small part of the population works at farming
 1700s: Industrial Revolution began in UK
 The UK became the world’s first industrial nation
 1900: British empire had colonies in every part of the world
 Got raw materials for its factories from these colonies
 1945: Most British colonies became free
 1
Import about /3 of the food
 The British also catch and eat plenty of fish
 Biggest problem:
 Immigrants (many ethnic groups)
 Many Africans and Asians doesn’t live as well as British people
 1945: Immigration has been substantial in particular of the
Commonwealth countries
 1991-2001: Population increase 8.3 % (of the population at the time
were born abroad.)
 2006: Largest groups of people granted the British citizenship were from
India, Pakistan, Somalia, and the Philippines
French Republic

 64.2 million of people live in France

 12 million live in Paris
 Largest land area in Western Europe
 Capital: Paris
 Rich country with a high standard of living
 World War II ended in 1945: France was destroyed
 USA helped France rebuild its cities and factories
 Has many farms, industries and bullet trains (some of the world’s fastest trains.)
 Natural resources:
 Coal, iron
 Bauxite (for making aluminum)
 Uranium (for making nuclear energy)
 Little oil and natural gas
 Makes 3/4 of their electricity in nuclear power plants
 Leader in Europe and in the world
 Industrial leader
 Manufacture steel, planes, weapons, fine perfumes, clothing, computers, chemicals,
trains and cars.
 Exports many foods (Fertile soil for farming)
 Cheese and wine
 Democracy Government
 Every seven years vote for their president
 France’s Parliament  lawmakers
 Special culture and French language*
 Catholics, Muslims and Jews
 All workers get five weeks of vacation time during the summer
 Education is important to the French
 Must go to the school for ten years
 Many students study in universities
 One of the 2 largest euro zone members
 Biggest problem
 Unemployment
 Marine Le Pen
 20, 000 people in France are believed to be working in prostitution
 They feel that even though it is sex work, it is still a work
 Immigration makes up a good part of France
 Suburbs in Paris mostly poor
 Immigrants mostly Arabian, African and Muslims
 OCDE is asking to Paris for a labour reform
 France is going into a recession
Federative Republic of Germany
 Germany was divided into two countries
 1933: Adolf Hitler became dictator of Germany  little freedom, army larger and stronger
 1939: Germany attacked Poland: start of World War II
 1945: Germany was defeated. The war ended.
 Soviet Union controlled Eastern part. Communist government
 Rest of Germany was called Western Germany
 USA helped to became a strong industrial country, also became a democracy
 Much higher standard of living / More freedom than East Germany
 Berlin was divided in two, Communist City and a free city inside East Germany
 Communist want more freedom, they ran away to West Berlin
 Communist leaders decided to do the Berlin Wall to separated
 1989: East Germans tore down the Berlin wall. Became one united nation
 1990: National elections. Helmut Kohl became the leader
 West Germany’s money became the currency
 More expensive products
 “Higher” taxes
 Capital: Berlin
 82 million of people live in Germany
 North Sea and the Baltic Sea / Seas are important for fishing and trading
 North European Plain covers north / Hills and low mountains the central part / The tall alps the
south / Many rivers: Rhine River
 Not rich in natural resources
 Some coal and lots of iron
 1/3 of electricity is made by using coal
 Imports oil, raw materials and 1/3 of the food
 Germany is the Industrial Leader of Europe
 Manufacture steel, cars, plains, machines, computers and tools
 Federal Republic Government:
 No monarchs
 Few Germans work at farming: too cool climate
 Education is important: Children spend at least 9 years in school
 One of the 2 largest euro zone members
 Biggest problem:
 Many immigrants
 Unemployment
 Pollution
 German-Turkish relations
 Low growing rhythm (.1%)(PIB)
 Shortage of housing
Italy
 One of the oldest and newest countries in Europe
 Oldest because it began more than 2,000 years ago
 New because it didn’t became a united country until 1870
 59. 7 million of people live in Italy
 Largest city: Capital: Rome: 3 million people
↑ Vatican country inside Rome. (The pope)
 Important cities: Bologna, Florence and Venice
 Italy is mountainous: Mountains and Hills covers much of the land
 Long peninsula in the Mediterranean sea: Islands of Sicilia and Sardinia
 Apennines mountains are volcanoes
 1
/3 of people work at factory jobs
 Much people work at farming
 Po Valley has its best farmland (richest region)
 Southern Italy  Poorest  raise sheep and goats
↑ Olive oil from olive trees
 Northern region: Industrial region
 Makes cars, steel, machines, shoes
 Waterpower is used to make 1/4 of its electricity
 Exports oil, olives, olive oil, cars, shoes, cheese, wine
 Billions of dollars from tourism
 Has a favorable balance of trade
 1800s: People began working to unite all the states
 1870: Italy became one nation
 Democracy government:
 Prime minister leads the country
 People vote for members of Parliament
 Third Largest Economy of the Euro zone
 Biggest problem:
 Stagnating economy
 Corruption
 Organised crime
 Youth unemployment
 Political apathy
 Misogyny
Russian Federation

 Was a country ruled by czars

 Most Russians were poor
 1917: they wanted a different government: Russian Revolution
 Communists won control of Russia : Formed the Soviet Union
 Soviet Union forced Eastern Europe to have a Communist government
 Government owns farms, factories, and businesses: Command Economy
 Soviet union became an industrial country
 1989: Communist ended in Poland, Berlin Wall opened, Eastern Europe(new governments)
 1991: Communism ended in the URSS. Russia became independent
 Communists helped the URSS to become a modern nation
 Sent rockets into space, built powerful army, people had more food and educatio
 142 million of people live in Russia
 3/4 of population lives on European part of Russia
 Capital: Moscow (10 million people) (Center of the government and the economy)
 St. Petersburg is Russia second largest city
 Russia is trying to be a democracy. To have a free market economy, they need a higher standard of
living.
 On two continents: Western part (Europe) and Eastern part (Asia) is called Siberia
 Cold winters, snow covers for at least six months
 Rivers are used for shipping and transportation in the summer
 Coal, oil, and many kinds of metals: Most resources are in Siberia
 More than 100 different ethnic groups /Different languages and cultures
 Biggest problem:
 People earn low salaries
 Unemployment
 Shortage of housing, food and medicine
 Inflation
 Social problems: Crime and alcohol abuse
 Fighting between the ethnic groups
 Doesn’t have modern technology and not enough transportation
 Natural resources are wasted by old machines and old technology
 Political unrest: People want to change their governments
 Pollution and deforestation
Nigeria

 Only Oil Rich country south of the Sahara

 104 million people live in Nigeria
 Farmers in the South grow cocoa beans, rubber trees and palm trees
 Farmers in the North grow cotton, sugarcane, peanuts, and wheat.
 Also raise cattle, sheep and goats
 Kainji Lake