UNITED KINGDOM

Official Name : United Kingdom Of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Form of Government : Parliamentary Democracy within a Constitutional
Monarchy
Capital : London
Money : Pound Sterling

I. Historical Background
A. The earliest known human inhabitants of the UK were hunter gatherers
who arrived around 800 BC.
B. Over centuries, various tribes and people settled in the region.
1. Celts
2. Romans
3. Anglo Saxons
4. Vikings
C. In 1066, Norman of England led by William the Conqueror had a
significant impact on the country’s history and established a powerful
Norman ruling class.
D. In the middle ages, the UK was made up of several separate kingdom.
1. England
2. Wales
3. Scotland
4. ireland
E. 1536 the Kingdom of England was joined with Wales, and 1707 with
Scotland
F. In 1801, expanded when the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the
United KIngdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
G. Northern Ireland was added in 1721 18th and 19th centuries, the UK
became a major global power with a strong navy and a powerful economy.
H. In the 20th century, the UK played a major role in both World War I and II.
I. In the late 20th century the UK voted to join the European Economic
Community which later became the European Union.
J. In 2016, the majority of the UK citizens voted to leave the EU.
K. A Brexit commonly known a prolonged and complex process, and the UK
officialy left the EU on January 31, 2020.

Overall, the history of the United Kingdom is a rich and diverse one, shaped by the
many different peoples and cultures that have inhabited the British Isles.
II. Size and Income Level
A. With a gross domestic product (GDP) of $3.07 trillion and a population of
more than 68 million, the United Kingdom has the 5th-largest economy
after the U.S., China, Japan, Germany, and India. Europe’s 2nd-largest
economy. The UK was ranked as the major tourist destination in the world
and London had the highest international visitor arrivals in the whole
world.
III. Resources
A. The United Kingdom is rich in resources, including natural resources like
coal, oil, and natural gas. Additionally, it has a diverse range of minerals
such as iron ore, lead, and zinc.
B. The UK also possesses fertile agricultural land, contributing to its
agricultural resources.
C. Human resources, education system, and technological infrastructure
IV. Ethnicity and Religion
A. 82% of people in England and Wales are white, and 18% belong to a
black, Asian, mixed or other ethnic group.
B. 46.2 percent of the population in England and Wales are Christian. Of the
remaining population, 6.5 percent identify as Muslim; 1.7 percent as
Hindu; 0.9 percent as Sikh; 0.5 percent as Jewish; and 0.5 as Buddhist.
V. Industrial Structure
A. Finance and Banking: London is a major global financial center, hosting
numerous banks, investment firms, and the London Stock Exchange.
B. Manufacturing: The UK has a strong manufacturing base, particularly in
automotive (e.g., Jaguar Land Rover), aerospace (e.g., Rolls-Royce), and
pharmaceuticals.
C. Services: The service sector is crucial, with industries like healthcare,
education, and tourism contributing significantly to the economy.
D. Technology and Innovation: The UK is home to tech hubs such as Silicon
Roundabout, showcasing its prowess in software development, artificial
intelligence, and cutting-edge technologies.
E. Energy: The energy sector includes traditional sources like oil and gas, as
well as a growing emphasis on renewable energy, with wind power
projects being prominent.
F. Creative Industries: The UK is a global leader in creative industries,
including film, television, music, and design, contributing to its cultural and
economic landscape.
VI. Importance of Public and Private Sectors
1. The public sector, comprising government agencies and services, is
essential for governance, public safety, education, healthcare, and
infrastructure development. It ensures the overall well-being of citizens.
2. The private sector, consisting of businesses and enterprises, drives
economic growth, innovation, and job creation. It fosters competition,
which can lead to increased efficiency and improved products and
services. The private sector is a key contributor to tax revenue, supporting
public services.
VII. Characteristics
1. Parliamentary democracy
2. Iconic landmarks like the Big Ben and Buckingham Palace, a temperate
climate
3. Widespread use of the English language.
4. The UK comprises four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern
Ireland, each with distinct cultural identities and traditions.
VIII. External Dependency
1. Trade dependency: Uk relies on imports for a significant portion of its
goods and services. Like machinery vehicles and consumer goods. The
UK exports goods and services to numerous countries, making the
economy interconnected with global markets.
2. Energy Resources: The UK imports a significant portion of its energy
resources, such as oil and gas, making it dependent on global markets.
3. Food Supply: A considerable amount of the UK's food is imported, making
the country reliant on international trade for a diverse range of products.
4. Technology and Electronics: The UK imports many technological
components and devices, contributing to its dependency on global supply
chains for electronics.
5. Financial Markets: The UK's financial sector is interconnected globally,
and changes in the international financial landscape can impact the
country's economy.
6. Medicines and Pharmaceuticals: The pharmaceutical sector in the UK
relies on the import of raw materials and finished products, making it
dependent on global supply chains.
7. Defense and Security: The UK collaborates with international partners on
defense and security matters, relying on alliances and cooperation for
mutual protection.
 8. Environmental and Climate Issues:The UK is affected by global
environmental challenges, and its efforts to address climate change often
involve cooperation with other nations.

IX. Economic Condition, Crisis and how they solved it.

A. The United Kingdom's economic condition is influenced by factors like
GDP growth, employment rates, and inflation.
The UK faces an economic crisis, it could result from issues like a recession, financial
instability, or external shocks. The UK economy has proven more resilient than
expected – similar to many other European economies – as it is battling with high
inflation, rising interest rates and diminished real wages.

To address economic challenges, the UK government typically employs various

measures. This may include fiscal policies like government spending and taxation
adjustments, monetary policies such as interest rate changes by the Bank of England,
and structural reforms to enhance productivity and competitiveness. International
collaborations and trade partnerships also play a role in navigating economic
challenges. Ultimately, a combination of strategic policies is crucial for the UK to
overcome economic crises and foster sustainable growth.
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