Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Simple Present Menjadi Simple Past

She said, “I do my homework” She said that she did her homework
Present Continuous Menjadi Past Continuous Tense
She said, “I’m doing my homework” She said that I was doing my homework
Present Perfect Tense Menjadi Past Perfect Tense
She said, “I have done my homework” She said that she had done her homework
Present Perfect Continuous Menjadi Past Perfect Continuous
She said,”I have doing my homework” She said that she had been doing her
homework
Simple Past Tense Menjadi Past Perfect
Anis said,”I went to Semarang at seven” Anis said that she had gone to Semarang at
seven
Past Continuous Menjadi Past Perfect Continuous
Anis said,”I was going to Semarang at seven” Anis said that she had been coming to
Semarang at seven
Future Menjadi Past
She said,”I will come to your house” She said that she would come to my house
Present Menjadi Past
He told me,”you must stay at home” He told me that I had to stay at home
PENGECUALIAN :
• Jika reported speech berhubungan dengan kebenaran umum atau fakta yang sudah
menjadi kebiasaan, maka simple present tense dalam reported speech tidak diubah ke
dalam bentuk lampau; tetapi tetap seperti apa adanya
• Jika reported speech merupakan kalimat tanya, reporting verb say atau tell diubah
menjadi ask. Dengan mengulangi kata tanya dan mengubah tenses jika pertanyaannya
dimulai dengan kata tanya diberitakan.
• Jika reported speech berupa kalimat perintah, reporting verb say atau tell harus diubah
menjadi kata kerja tertentu, misalnya ordered, commanded, advised, asked,begged.

Deddy Sulestiyono, S.E., S.T., M.M

 MAKING OFFERS
Here are some of the most important phrases used to offer something:

• Can I get you some...?

• Would you like some...?
• May I offer you some...?
• Would you like me to get you some...?

(Always use "some" words when offering someone something.)

INFORMAL
Use these phrases when offering something in an everyday situation:

• How about some...?

• What about some...?
• What do you say about some...?
• Are you up for some...?

ACCEPTING OFFERS
The following phrases are commonly used when accepting offers:

• Thank you.
• I'd love to.
• I'd love some.
• That would be nice.
• Thank you. I'd like...

POLITELY REFUSING OFFERS

Sometimes it's necessary to politely refuse an offer even if it's a kind one. In such
cases, use these phrases to politely refuse offers. Provide a reason why you want
to refuse an offer rather than just saying "no."

• Thank you, but...

• That's very kind. Unfortunately, I...
• I'd like to, but...

Deddy Sulestiyono, S.E., S.T., M.M