DÊWLGLP HVDÊ^J@LP YC^C JHMFHJF^ÄC 

VHJGCG 90; F@VC@JLHFP FH GF^JRCGCP YC^@JCOFP. CVWLRCOL^FP Z

CVWLRF@WL^FP. PFPJÐH 3>; F@VC@JLHFP GJBF^FH@JCOFP YC^CNÐOJ@CP
FKF^@J@JLP Y^LYVFPWLP
Hjvfo 3; 
3.  ^fsufovc oc f`uc`jðh gfo `colr
   u u
>

 
 @  > x>
  
 t 

u(9 , t )  9, u (3, t )   9
 9, t
  
u( x  , 9 )  sfh( x)   9, O 
sfh(0     x), x 
@lhsjgfrf @43, fo tjfdpl bjhco W49.7 sfm, oc `chtjgcg gf jhtfrvcols, h4 5 (pcrtj`jðh pcrc x), d439 (pcrtj`jðh pcrc
fo tjfdpl).
Jdpofdfhtc`jðh gfo prlmrcdc quf rfsufovf fo prlnofdc;
% F`uc`jðh gfo `colr plr Gjbfrfh`jcs Bjhjtcs Fxpoj`jtcs
`ofcr1
`ob1
% jhmrfsl gf gctls 
H4jhput('jhmrfsf hl gf hlgls pcrc oc vcrjcnof fspc`jco; ')1
D4jhput('jhmrfsf hl gf hlgls pcrc oc vcrjcnof tfdplrco;')1
`ob1
% jhtfrvcol fh fo fspc`jl
Qc,nT c491
n431
% jhtfrvcol fh fo tjfdpl Q9,WT
W49.71
@431
% gfbjhj`jlh gf hlgls fh fo d coocgl l mrjg
xhlgls4ojhspc`f(c,n,H)1 thlgls4ojhspc`f(9,W,D)1
e4(n-c)/(H-3)1
a4W/(D-3)1
% djgf oc `lhvfrmfh`jc gfo fsqufdc
r4@X>*a/eX>1
% `lhstruyfhgl oc dctrjz 
 C4(3->*r)*fyf(H->)1
blr  j43;H-0
 C(j,j+3)4r1
 C(j+3,j)4r1
fhg 
hg
% gfbjhf oc buh`jlh b(x) pcrc t49
b4jhojhf('sjh(pj*x)+sjh(0*pj*x)')1
% gfbjhf oc slou`jlh fh oc brlhtfrc x49
cobcbrlhtfrc4jhojhf('9')1
% gfbjhf oc slou`jlh fh oc brlhtfrc x43
nftcbrlhtfrc4jhojhf('9')1
% slou`jlh jhj`jco pcrc t49 fh fo jhtfrjlr gf
Qc,nT blr  j4>;H-3

fhsgl  objoc(j-3)4b(xhlgls(j))1
% slou`jlh jhj`jco pcrc t49 fh tlgl fo jhtfrvcol Qc,nT 
@rjstjch Oloj Yrugfh`jl Yãmjhc3 `rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf 
 DÊWLGLP HVDÊ^J@LP YC^C JHMFHJF^ÄC 
 
slo4Qb(xhlgls(3)),slobjoc,b(xhlgls(H))T1
%fo prl`fsl jtfrctjvl fh fo dftlgl fxpoj`jtl blr  k4>;D
bjoc4C*slobjoc'1 slobjoc4bjoc'1
% oc vcrjcnof slo `lhtfhgr·c cprlxjdcgc gf u(x,t) 
% fh tlgl fo dcoocgl Q9,OTxQ9,WT slo4Qslo1cobcbrlhtfrc(thlgls(k),slobjoc,nftcbrlhtfrc(thlgls(k)T1
fhg 
% mrcbj`c gf oc slou`jlh cprlxjdcgc bjmurf(3)
dfse(xhlgls,thlgls,slo)
tjtof('Plou`jlh cprlxjdcgc plr fo dftlgl fxpoj`jtl')
% % mrcbj`c gf oc slou`jlh fxc`tc bjmurf(>)
dU4ojhspc`f(c,n,399)1 dW4ojhspc`f(9,W,399)1 QUU,WWT4dfsemrjg(dU,dW)1
u4sjh(pj*UU).*fxp(-pjX>*WW)+sjh(0*pj*UU).*fxp(-:*pjX>*WW)1 dfse(dU,dW,u)
tjtof('Plou`jlh fxc`tc (sfrjfs gf Blurjfr)')

Plou`jðh;
   u  @ >  u
 >

 t    x

u(9 , t)  9, u (3, t)  9, t  9 >

u( x  , 9 )  sfh( x)  sfh(0    x), x 

  9, O
 
@43, fo tjfdpl bjhco W49.7 sfm, O43, oc `chtjgcg gf jhtfrvcols, h4 5 (pcrtj`jðh pcrc x), d439 (pcrtj`jðh pcrc fo tjfdpl).

r  @ > a  9.97 >

 >.62
e>
 9.3>6
u ru j
j, k  3 
3 ,k u 
3  >r   
jk ru j3, k

@rjstjch Oloj Yrugfh`jl Yãmjhc> `rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf 

 DÊWLGLP HVDÊ^J@LP YC^C JHMFHJF^ÄC 
 

3  > r  9 9 9 9 9
r
 u3 ,3   r   u3,9 
 3> r  9 9 9 9  
 r  u>,9 
u >,3 
u  9 r 3  >rr  9 9 9  u
 0,3    0,9 
u 7,3    9 9  3  >r r  9 9  u7,9 
r
u     u
 6,3   9 9  6,9   
u 2,3   9
9 9r3>r 3 r > r r   u2,9 
u   9 9 99r
r 3  > r 
u 
 =,3   9 999 =,9 

Fh Dctocn;
88 f`colr>
jhmrfsf hl gf hlgls pcrc oc vcrjcnof fspc`jco; :
jhmrfsf hl gf hlgls pcrc oc vcrjcnof tfdplrco;33
jhmrfsf fo fxtrfdl c; 9
jhmrfsf fo fxtrfdl n; 3
jhmrfsf fo tjfdpl bjhco W;
9.7 jhmrfsf oc `lhstchtf @; 3
r4
>.6299

C4
-7.3>99 >.6299 9 9 9 9 9
>.6299 -7.3>99 >.6299 9 9 9
9 9 >.6299
-7.3>99 >.6299 9 9 9
9 9 >.6299 -7.3>99 >.6299 9 9
>.6299 9 -7.3>99
9 >.6299
9 9
9 9 9 9 >.6299 -7.3>99 >.6299
9 9 9 9 9 >.6299 -7.3>99

jhmrfsf oc buh`jðh jhj`jco `uchgl t49; sjh(pj*x)+sjh(0*pj*x)

slou`jðh4
3.9f+90 *

9 9.9930 9.9937 9.9996 9 9.9996 9.9937 9.9930 9.9999

9 -9.9935 -9.9933 9.9937 9.99>5 9.9937 -9.9933 -9.9935 9
9 9.9976 9.9902 -9.9937 -9.9970 -9.9937 9.9902 9.9976 9
9 -9.99:> -9.99=9 9.9973 9.9390 9.9973 -9.99=9 -9.99:> 9
9 9.9>9> 9.9366 -9.995> -9.9>3= -9.995> 9.9366 9.9>9> 9
9 -9.9706 -9.900> 9.9353 9.97=> 9.9353 -9.900> -9.9706 9
9 9.9:79 9.9=>9 -9.905: -9.393= -9.905: 9.9=>9 9.9:79 9
9 -9.>903 -9.3667 9.957> 9.>3:: 9.957> -9.3667 -9.>903 9
9 9.7055 9.006: -9.3535 -9.7=69 -9.3535 9.006: 9.7055 9
9 -9.:75> -9.=>6= 9.0:>5 3.9>20 9.0:>5 -9.=>6= -9.:75> 9
9 >.975= 3.6259 -9.5752 ->.>3=6 -9.5752 3.6259 >.975= 9
@rjstjch Oloj Yrugfh`jl Yãmjhc0 `rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf 
 DÊWLGLP HVDÊ^J@LP YC^C JHMFHJF^ÄC 
 

>.  Celrc ecmc fo gfspojfmuf gf oc slou`jðh hudêrj`c gfo fkfr`j`jl chtfrjlr pcrc;
(c)  H 4 39 y D 4 >9
(n)  H 4 >9 y D 4 >9
(`)  H 4 39 y D 4 69
0.  ¼Suê lnsfrvc fh tlgls fstls `csls< (fkfr`j`jl chtfrjlr)1 hltf quf hl slol lntfhgrã uhc slou`jðh hudêrj`c
3
sjdjocr c oc fxc`tc `uchgl r ≧  
>
7.  Jhtrlguz`c ocs dlgjbj`c`jlhfs hf`fscrjcs pcrc quf su prlmrcdc vcojgf fo vcolr gf r, y quf sðol pfrdjtc oc
3
fkf`u`jðh tltco (gfo prlmrcdc) `uchgl r ≧  
>

Hjvfo >;
6.  @lh fo prlmrcdc chtfrjlr, dufstrf oc gjstrjnu`jðh gf oc tfdpfrcturc fh oc vcrjooc `uchgl t 4 9.96>, t 4 9.3 y t 4
9.>. Fojkc sfmûh su `rjtfrjl fo hûdfrl gf hlgls fh cdncs vcrjcnofs, l fh su gfbf`tl, prlplhmc uhc
slou`jðh sctjsbc`tlrjc pcrc prlvffr fo vcolr rfqufrjgl gf blrdc cprlpjcgc.

Wfdpfrcturc c ol ocrml gf tlgc oc vcrjooc (t49.96>, t49.3 y t49.>) 

2.   @lh fo prlmrcdc chtfrjlr, dufstrf fo `ldplrtcdjfhtl gf oc tfdpfrcturc gf oc vcrjooc fh su puhtl

dfgjl c trcvês gfo tjfdpl, fojkc sfmûh su `rjtfrjl fo hûdfrl gf hlgls fh cdncs vcrjcnofs.

Wfdpfrcturc c ol ocrml gfo tjfdpl (x49.6)

@rjstjch Oloj Yrugfh`jl Yãmjhc7 `rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf 

 DÊWLGLP HVDÊ^J@LP YC^C JHMFHJF^ÄC 
 

Hjvfo 0; (Chjdc`jðh) 

Fkfdpol gf chjdc`jðh 
Celrc, ecrfdls uh pcrf htfsjs  fh fo df tlgl gf gjbfrfh`jcs bjhjtcs1 ecrfdls
· · usl gfo slp lrtf gfo
DctOcn
pcrc prfpcrcr uhc chjdc`jl h,  hufstrl lnkftjvl fs sjduocr fo gf`cjdjfhtl gf oc tfdpfrcturc (`lh
·

oc jhblrdc`jl h prlplr`jlhcgc plr hufstrls prlmrcdcs chtfrjlrfs) pcrc gjbfrfhtfs vcolrfs gfo tjfdpl
·

fh oc f`uc`j l h gfo `colr. 

· ·

Ycrc fstl uscrfdls ocs buh`jlhfs;

•   dlvjf(D,h,bps); fxejnf h vf`fs oc chjdc`jðh  codc`fhcgc fh oc dctrjz D,  bps jhgj`c fo hûdfrl gf
`ucgrls quf sf dlstrcrch plr sfmuhgl.
•   dlvjfjh; `rfc uh c dctrjz quf `lhtfhgrc c  ols h `ucgrls gf oc
· chjdc`j l h,  su blrdctl fs
· ·

D4dlvjfjh(h). 

•   mftbrcdf; lntjfhf fo dcr`l gf oc chjdc`j lh quf gfspuf

· ·  sfr c   rfprlgu`jgc
s · ·

plr dlvjf. Rfcdls uh fkfdpol pcrc dlstrcr su utjojgcg;  

% hûdfrl gf tldcs l `ucgrls H43991
% oc vcrjcnof D codc`fhcrc ols `ucgrls D4dlvjfjh(H)1
x4ojhspc`f(9,>*pj,69)1 blr j43;H
y4sjh(x).*(3-j/H)1 polt(x,y)1
% bjkcdls ocs gjdfhsjlhfs c vjsucojzcr cxjs(Q9,>*pj,-3,3T)
% sf fbf`tuc oc `cpturc gf `cgc `ucgrl D(;,j)4mftbrcdf1
fhg 
% pcrc dlstrcr oc chjdc`jlh uscr; dlvjf(D,3) 

@rjstjch Oloj Yrugfh`jl Yãmjhc6 `rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf 

 DÊWLGLP HVDÊ^J@LP YC^C JHMFHJF^ÄC 
 

@rjstjch Oloj Yrugfh`jl Yãmjhc2 `rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf 

 DÊWLGLP HVDÊ^J@LP YC^C JHMFHJF^ÄC 
 

^FBF^FH@JC NJNOJLM^ÃBJ@C

H¹ @ÐGJML CVWL^ WJWVOL CÓL

3 635 @ECY/D @ECY^C, P. Dêtlgls hudêrj`ls pcrc jhmfhjfrls. >99=

> 63:.7 DCWE. DCWEF]P, K. Dêtlgls hudêrj`ls `lh DCWOCN. >999

0 NV^GFH BCJ^FP Chãojsjs Hudêrj`l >93>

@rjstjch Oloj Yrugfh`jl Yãmjhc= `rjstjch.olojIuphlrtf.fgu.pf