Manufacture of

Glass

By: group 5 :
Axmed Xussein Diriye
Mubarak maxamed
Abdirixmaan Mahad Omar
Abdirixmaan Khaliif
What is glass?

Glass is what is called an amorphous

solid – a state between two states of
matter. It is known for its fragility and
firmness at the same time and is a poor
conductor of heat and light.
What is Glass Made of?

The primary raw materials in glass are sand,

soda, limestone, clarifying agents, coloring
and glistening glass. Glass sand is about ¾th
of the entire glass composition.
How is Glass Produced?

The Manufacturing process begins with the

raw materials being mixed and fed into a
furnace where they are super-heated and
fused. This will produce molten glass or
'gobs' which is used to shape the glass by
use of different methods.
Spinning method

The spinner process begins with how molten

glass from the furnace flows into a cylindrical
container having small holes. As the container
spins rapidly, streams of glass flow out of the
holes.
Spinning method
The molten glass streams are converted into
fibers by a downward blast of air, hot gas, or
both. The fibers fall onto a conveyor belt,
where they intertwine with each other in a
fleecy mass. This can be used for insulation,
or the wool can be sprayed with a binder,
compressed into the desired thickness, and
cured in an oven.
Spinning method

A stream of molten glass is fed into a

spinning head. To keep the glass at its
liquid state, the temperature in the spinner
is typically maintained at 900–1100 ◦ C.
The spinning head rotates at a high speed,
ranging from 2000 rpm to more than 3000
rpm.
Spinning method

This glass has tensile strength equal to that

of mild steel. It does not fade, decay or
shrink. It is not attacked by acids, fire and
vermins. It is very soft and flexible. It is used
for providing insulation against heat,
electricity and sound.
Sandblasting

Sand blasting is a generic term for the

process of smoothing, shaping and cleaning
a hard surface by forcing solid particles
across that surface at high speeds.
Sandblasting can occur naturally, usually as a
result of particles blown
by wind causing aeolian erosion, or artificially,
using compressed air.
Sandblasting
Sandblasting equipment typically consists of
a chamber in which sand and air are mixed.
The mixture travels through a hand-held
nozzle to direct the particles toward the
surface or work piece. Nozzles come in a
variety of shapes, sizes, and materials.
Sandblasting
A sandblasting system includes four basic
components: the air source, the sandblasting
cabinet, the dust collector, and the blasting media.
The air source is usually bottle gas or an air
compressor. The sandblasting cabinet holds the
object being blasted, while the dust collector
removes dust from the cabinet. The materials
used in sandblasting, whether sand or not, are
referred to as blast media. 
Sandblasting

Sandblasting can remove paint and rust from

materials quickly and efficiently. Sandblasting
can also be used to change the condition of a
metal's surface, such as through removing
scratches or casting marks. Sandblasting as
a cleaning method has been widely used for
over a hundred years. 
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