Modul Smart Chem 122 WPKL PDF

JAWATAN KUASA PENULIS MODUL KIMIA SPM WPKL 2020
MODUL SMART CHEM 122 WPKL
PENAUNG PN MAZNAH BINTI ABU BAKAR, ANS; PMC

PENGARAH PENDIDIKAN JPWPKL
PENASIHAT EN ABDUL AZIZ BIN MD HASHIM

TIMBALAN PENGARAH PENDIDIKAN
SEKTOR PEMBELAJARAN JPWPKL
PENYELARAS PN ELIZA BINTI MOHD. SALLEH
PENOLONG PENGARAH, UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK
SEKTOR PEMBELAJARAN JPWPKL
KETUA PANEL DR. LEE SAW IM
GURU CEMERLANG KIMIA
SMK SERI BINTANG UTARA
AHLI-AHLI PANEL:
1. PN. SHARIN HANUM BINTI AB RAHMAN SMK AMINUDDIN BAKI
2. PN. E. PRAMEELA RAMANUJAN SMK SERI SENTOSA
3. PN. SHANTHY PANCHALINGAM SMK TAMAN TUN DR ISMAIL
4. DR. WINNIE SIM SIEW LI VICTORIA INSTITUTION
5. PN. TUAN JUHAIDA BINTI TUAN
SMK SERI TITIWANGSA
MUHAMMAD AMIN
6. PN. HAIRUNNISA BINTI KHALID MAKTAB TENTERA DIRAJA
7. EN. MOHD HAIZUL NIZAM BIN IBRAHIM SMK SERI BINTANG UTARA
8. EN. CHIA SIA HOCK SMK SERI BINTANG UTARA
9. PN. ROSMALIZA BINTI CHE IBRAHIM SMK SERI BINTANG SELATAN
10. EN. ASMAIZHA BIN AHMAD SMK YAACOB LATIF
11. PN. NURULHUDA BT A.GHANI SMK TINGGI SETAPAK
12. PN. THUNG SU LING SMK SENTUL UTAMA
13. PN. LAILA FASYAH IBRAHIM SMK SERI HARTAMAS
14. PN. SUHANIDA BINTI SALEH SMK PUTERI TITIWANGSA
15. PN. NEELA A/P RAMASAMY SMK BANDAR TASIK SELATAN
16. PN. NORSHAFINI BT ISMAIL SMK SENTUL UTAMA
KANDUNGAN MODUL KIMIA SPM WPKL 2020
MODUL SMART CHEM 122
KERTAS 2 KERTAS 3 JUMLAH

SET TAJUK TINGKATAN 4
A B C S1 S2 SOALAN
1.1 The Structure of The Atom
Struktur Atom
1.2 Chemical Formulae & Equations
Formula Kimia Dan Persamaan
1 1.3 Periodic Table of The Elements 6 2 2 3 3 16
Jadual Berkala Unsur
1.4 Chemical Bonds
Ikatan Kimia
Electrochemistry
2 5 2 2 3 3 15
Elektrokimia
3.1 Acids and Bases

Asid Dan Bes
3 5 2 2 3 3 15
3.2 Salts
Garam
Manufactured Substances in Industry

4 Bahan Buatan Dalam Industri 3 1 1 1 1 7
JUMLAH 19 7 7 10 10 53
JUMLAH
KERTAS 2 KERTAS 3
SET TAJUK TINGKATAN 5 SOALAN
A B C S1 S2
Rate of Reaction
5 5 2 2 3 3 15
Kadar Tindak Balas
Carbon Compounds
6 5 2 2 2 2 13
Sebatian Karbon
Oxidation and Reduction

7 5 2 2 2 2 13
Pengoksidaan Dan Penurunan
Thermochemistry
8 5 2 2 3 3 15
Termokimia
Chemical for Consumers Bahan

9 5 2 2 2 2 13
Kimia Untuk Pengguna
JUMLAH 25 10 10 12 12 69
JUMLAH KESELURUHAN 44 17 17 22 22 122
Set 1
1.1 The Structure of The Atom
Struktur Atom
1.2 Chemical Formulae &
Equations
Formula Kimia Dan
Persamaan
1.3 Periodic Table of The Elements
Jadual Berkala Unsur
1.4 Chemical Bonds
Ikatan Kimia
Modul Kimia SPM WPKL 1
4541
TITLE: STRUCTURE OF ATOM

TAJUK: STRUKTUR ATOM
PAPER 2 SECTION A
KERTAS 2 BAHAGIAN A
1. Table 1 shows four substances with their chemical formula and molar mass
Jadual 1 menunjukkan empat bahan dengan formula kimia dan jisim molarnya.
Substances Chemical formula

Bahan Formula Kimia
Oxygen gas
N2
Gas Nitrogen
Magnesium
Mg
Magnesium
Copper (II) carbonate
CuCO3
Kuprum (II) karbonat
Sulphuric acid
H2SO4
Asid sulfurik
Table/Jadual 1
Based on Table 1:
Berdasarkan Jadual 1:
(a) What type of particle is found in

Apakah jenis zarah yang terdapat dalam
Nitrogen gas
Gas nitrogen: ___________________________________________________
Magnesium
Magnesium: ____________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
Modul Kimia SPM WPKL

4541
(b) Calculate
Hitungkan
[Relative atomic mass: Cu = 64, O = 16 , C = 12, S = 32]
[Jisim atom relatif: Cu = 64, O = 16, C = 12]
(i) the molar mass for sulphuric acid.

jisim molar asid sulfurik.
(ii) the molar mass for copper (II) carbonate.

jisim molar kuprum (II) karbonat
[2 marks/markah]
(c) When zinc nitrate is heated, it decomposes to form zinc oxide, nitrogen dioxide
and oxygen.
Apabila zink nitrat dipanaskan, zink nitrat terurai membentuk zink oksida,
nitrogen dioksida dan oksigen.
(i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of zinc nitrate
upon heating.
Tulis satu persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi penguraian zink nitrat
apabila dipanaskan.
______________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
(ii) State three qualitative aspects that can be obtained from the chemical
equation.
Nyatakan tiga aspek kualitatif yang dapat diperolehi daripada persamaan
kimia tersebut.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah]

4541
PAPER 3 STRUCTURED QUESTION

KERTAS 3 SOALAN STRUKTUR
1. An experiment was carried out to determine the freezing point of liquid Z. A boiling tube
containing molten Z at 95oC was allowed to cool in a conical flask to room temperature.
The temperature of Z was recorded every 30 seconds intervals. Figure 2 shows the
reading of the thermometer for this experiment.
Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan takat beku cecair Z. Satu tabung
didih yang mengandungi leburan Z pada suhu 95 oC diletakkan kelalang kon dan
dibiarkan menyejuk dalam keadaan suhu bilik. Suhu Z direkod setiap 30 saat. Rajah 2
dibawah menunjukkan bacaan thermometer bagi eksperimen ini.

4541
Diagram/Rajah 2
(a) Record the temperature at each time interval in the spaces provided in Diagram 2.
Catatkan bacaan suhu bagi setiap sela masa dalam ruangan yang disediakan dalam
Rajah 2.
[3 marks]
(b) On the graph paper below, draw the graph of temperature against time for the cooling
of Z.
Pada kertas graf di bawah, lukiskan graf suhu melawan masa bagi penyejukan Z
[3 marks]

4541
(c) Show on the graph how you determine this freezing point.
Pada graf di (b) tentukan takat beku Z. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda
tentukan takat beku.
[3 marks]
(d) State the changes of physical state of naphthalene during the cooling process.
Nyatakan perubahan keadaan fizikal naftalena semasa proses penyejukan.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(e) Why was the boiling tube placed in the conical flask during the cooling process?
Mengapakah tabung didih diletakkan dalam kelalang kon semasa proses
penyejukan?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(f) State the operational definition for the melting point in this experiment.
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi untuk takat lebur dalam eksperimen ini.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

4541
TITLE: CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

TAJUK: FORMULA KIMIA DAN PERSAMAAN KIMIA
PAPER 2 SECTION A
KERTAS 2 BAHAGIAN A
1. Diagram 1 shows the set-up of the apparatus for an experiment to determine the empirical
formula of an oxide of copper.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen bagi menentukan formula
empirik oksida bagi kuprum.
Diagram 1/Rajah 1
Table below shows the results of an experiment after heating, cooling and weighing are
repeated until a constant weight is obtained.
Jadual dibawah menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen selepas pemanasan, penyejukan dan
penimbangan diulang sehingga jisim tetap diperolehi.
Substance Mass(g)
Bahan Jisim(g)
Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish
18.75 g
Jisim tiub pembakaran + mangkuk pijar
Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + oxide of copper

20.75 g
Jisim tiub pembakaran + mangkuk pijar + oksida bagi kuprum
Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + copper

20.35 g
Jisim tiub pembakaran + mangkuk pijar + kuprum

4541
(a) What is meant by empirical formula?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik?
_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) Based on results in the table,
Berdasarkan keputusan dalam Jadual
(i) Calculate the mass of copper and the mass of oxygen used in the experiment.
Tentukan jisim kuprum dan jisim oksigen yang digunakan dalam eksperimen.
[2 marks]
(ii) Calculate the mole ratio of copper atoms to oxygen atoms.
Tentukan nisbah mol bagi atom kuprum dan atom oksigen.
[Relative atomic mass: Cu = 64; O = 16]
[Jisim atom relatif: Cu = 64; O = 16]
[2 marks]

4541
(iii) State the empirical formula of this oxide of copper.

Nyatakan formula empirik bagi oksida bagi kuprum ini.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iv) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in this experiment.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas bagi eksperimen ini.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c) Describe the steps that should be taken to ensure that all the air in the combustion tube
has been expelled, before any heating is carried out.
Terangkan langkah yang perlu diambil bagi memastikan semua udara di dalam tiub
pembakaran telah disingkirkan sebelum pemanasan dijalankan.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

4541
2. (a) Calculate the relative molecular or formula masses of the following substances.
Tentukan jisim molekul relatif atau jisim formula bahan-bahan yang berikut.
(i) Ethanol, C2H5OH.

Etanol, C2H5OH.
[Relative atomic mass of H = 1, C = 12, O = 16.]
[Jisim atom relatif H = 1, C = 12, O = 16.]
[1 mark]
(ii) Zinc nitrate, Zn(NO3)2

Zink nitrat, Zn(NO3)2
[Relative atomic mass of O = 16, N = 14, Zn = 65]
[Jisim atom relatif O = 16, N = 14, Zn = 65].
[1 mark]
(b) A closed glass bottle contains 4 mol molecules of oxygen, O2.
Satu botol kaca yang bertutup mengandungi 4 mol molekul oksigen, O2.
(i) What is the number of oxygen molecules in the bottle?

Berapakan bilangan molekul oksigen di dalam botol?
[1 mark]

4541
(ii) How many oxygen atoms are there in the bottle?

Berapakan atom oksigen yang terdapat di dalam botol?
[1 mark]
(c) Find the number of moles of atoms in a sample containing 9.03 × 1020 atoms of
copper.
Tentukan bilangan mol bagi atom di dalam satu sampel yang mengandungi
9.03 × 1020 atom kuprum.
[1 mark]
(d) Calculate the mass, in gram, of 0.35 moles of copper(II) carbonate, CuCO3.
Given that relative formula mass of CuCO3 = 124
Tentukan jisim dalam gram, 0.35 mol kuprum(ii) karbonat, CuCO3.
Diberikan jisim formula bagi CuCO3 = 124
[1 mark]

4541
(e) When silver carbonate, Ag2CO3 is heated, it will decompose to produce silver metal,
carbon dioxide gas and oxygen gas as shown in the equation below.
Apabila argentums karbonat, Ag2CO3 dipanaskan dan akan terurai menghasilkan
logam argentums, gas karbon dioksida dan gas oksigen seperti yang ditunjukkan
dalam persamaan dibawah.
2Ag2CO3(s) → 4Ag(s) + 2CO2(g) + O2(g)
A student heats 8.28 g silver carbonate. Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas,
CO2 collected at room temperature.
Given that relative atomic mass of C = 12, O =16, Ag = 108.
Seorang pelajar memanaskan 8.28 g argentum karbonat. Tentukan isipadu gas
karbon dioksida yang dikumpul pada suhu bilik.
Diberi jisim atof relatif bagi C = 12, O =16, Ag = 108.
[3 marks]

4541
PAPER 2 SECTION C
KERTAS 2 BAHAGIAN C
1. (a) The information below is regarding substance X

Maklumat dibawah adalah berkaitan dengan bahan X
(i) Determine the empirical formula of substance X.

Tentukan formula empirik bagi bahan X.
[Relative atomic mass of C = 12, H = 1]
[Jisim atom relatif C = 12, H = 1].
(ii) Determine the molecular formula of substance X.

Tentukan formula molekul bagi bahan X
(iii) Based on the answers in (a)(i) and (a)(ii) , compare and contrast the
empirical formula and the molecular formula.
Berdasarkan jawapan dalam (a)(i) dan (a)(ii), banding dan bezakan di antara
formula empirik dangan formula molekul.
[8 marks]
(b) Magnesium can react actively with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.
Describe an activity that can be carried out in the laboratory to determine the empirical
formula of magnesium oxide. Include the calculations involved in your answer.
Magnesium boleh bertindak balas dengan oksigen untuk membentuk magnesium oksida.
Jelaskan satu aktiviti yang boleh dijalankan di makmal bagi menentukan formula
empirik bagi magnesium oksida. Sertakan sekali pengiraan yang terlibat di dalam
jawapan anda.
[Relative atomic mass of O = 16, Mg = 24]
[Jisim atom relatif O = 16, Mg = 24].
[11 marks]

4541
TITLE: PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

TAJUK: JADUAL BERKALA UNSUR
PAPER 2 SECTION A
KERTAS 2 BAHAGIAN A
1. Diagram 1 shows the incomplete Periodic Table of elements. Based on the diagram, answer
the following questions.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan Jadual berkala unsur yang tidak lengkap. Berdasarkan rajah, jawab
soalan yang berikut.
1 18
2 13 14 15 16 17
T
U 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 V X
U Y
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
(a) In Diagram 1, which element is transition metal?

Dalam Rajah 1, yang manakah adalah unsur peralihan?
[1 mark]
(b) State two specific characteristics of transition elements.
Nyatakan dua ciri unsur peralihan.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(c) (i) State which elements have the same chemical properties.
Nyatakan unsur-unsur yang mempunyai sifat kimia yang sama.
[1 mark]
(ii) Give the reason for the answer of (c)(i).
Berikan sebab bagi jawapan soalan (c)(i).
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

4541
(d) (i) X is a halogen gas. State the type of particle of elements X.

X ialah gas halogen. Nyatakan jenis zarah unsur X.
[1 mark]
(ii) X reacts with water to form an acidic solution and bleaching agent. Write the
balanced chemical equation for the reaction between element X and water.
X bertindak balas dengan air membentuk larutan berasid dan agen peluntur.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang untuk tindak balas antara unsur X
dengan air
[1mark]
(e) (i) To conduct the experiment of reactivity halogens react with water, state how
chlorine gas can be produced in the laboratory.
Untuk menjalankan eksperimen kereaktifan halogen terhadap air, nyatakan
bagaimana gas klorin dihasilkan di makmal.
[1 mark]
(ii) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction in (e)(i)
Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang untuk tindak balas di (e)(i)
[2 marks]

4541
2. Table 2 shows some properties of the elements in the Period 3

Jadual 2 menunjukkan sifat bagi unsur dalam kala 3.
Elements
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Unsur
Proton number
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Nombor proton
Radius of atom
(nm) 0.186 0.160 0.143 0.118 0.110 0.104 0.100 0.094
Jejari atom (nm)
Physical state Solid Solid Solid Solid Solid Solid
gas gas
Keadaan fizikal Pepejal Pepejal Pepejal Pepejal Pepejal Pepejal
Elektronegativity
0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.5 3.0 -
keelektronegatifan
Table 2/Jadual 2
(a) Why are all the elements placed in period 3?

Mengapakah unsur-unsur di atas diletakkan dalam kala 3?
[1 mark]
(b) Explain why Ar does not have electronegativity.
Terangkan mengapa Ar tidak mempunyai keelektronegatifan.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c) State an element that exists as a diatomic molecule.
Nama satu unsur yang wujud sebagai molekul dwiatom.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d) Elements in Period 3 can react with oxygen to form acidic oxide, basic oxide or
amphoteric oxide except argon.
Unsur-unsur Kala 3 bertindak balas dengan oksigen untuk membentuk oksida asid,
oksida bes atau oksida amfoterik kecuali Argon, Ar.
(i) State the element that formed amphoteric acid.

Nyatakan unsur yang membentuk oksida amfoterik.
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

4541
(ii) Write the chemical formula of the amphoteric oxide in (d)(i).

Tuliskan formula kimia bagi oksida amfoterik di (d)(i).
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e) (i) How does the electronegativity of elements change across period 3?
Bagaimanakah keelektronegatifan unsur berubah apabila merentasi Kala 3?
[1 mark]
(ii) Give the reasons for your answer in e (i).

Berikan alasan bagi jawapan anda di (e)(I)
[2 marks]
(f) Explain the changes in sizes of atoms when across a period 3
Terangkan perubahan saiz atom apabila merentasi Kala 3
[3 marks]

4541
PAPER 2 SECTION C
KERTAS 2 BAHAGIAN C
1. Table 1 shows the result when three oxides of elements in period 3 are added to
sodium hydroxide solution and hydrochloric acid.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan apabila tiga oksida unsur kala 3 ditambah
kepada larutan natrium hidroksida dan asid hidroklorik.
Added to sodium hydroxide Added to hydrochloric acid

Oxide
Ditambah kepada natrium Ditambah kepada asid
oksida
hidroksida hidroklorik
Oxide of X
Reaction occurs Reaction occurs
Oksida bagi
Tindak balas berlaku Tindak balas berlaku
X
Oxide of Y
No Reaction occurs Reaction occurs
Oksida bagi
Tiada Tindak balas berlaku Tindak balas berlaku
Y
Oxide of
Reaction occurs No Reaction occurs
Oksida bagi
Tindak balas berlaku Tiada Tindak balas berlaku
Z
Table/Jadual 1
(a) Based on Table 1, arrange X, Y and Z in increasing order of atomic size.
State the oxide of X, oxide of Y, and oxide of Z.
Then, write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between oxide of Y and
hydrochloric acid.
Berdasarkan Jadual 1, susun X, Y dan Z dalam tertib menaik saiz atom.
Nyatakan oksida bagi X, oksida bagi Y dan oksida bagi Z.
Kemudian, tulis persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas antara oksida bagi
Y dan asid hidroklorik.
[6 marks]
(b) Sodium reacts with oxygen to produce sodium oxide.
Write a balanced chemical equation and calculate the mass of the product formed
when 0.2 mol of sodium reacted completely.
[relative atomic mass : Na = 23, O = 16]
Natrium bertindak balas dengan oksigen untuk menghasilkan natrium oksida.
Tulis persamaan kimia seimbang dan hitung jisim hasil yang terbentuk apabila
0.2 mol natrium bertindak balas lengkap.
[ jisim atom relatif : Na = 23, O = 16]
[4 marks]

4541
(c)
The reactivity of Group 1 elements towards water increase when going down
the group.
Kereaktifan unsur kumpulan 1 dengan air bertambah apabila menuruni
kumpulan.
Describe an experiment to verify the above statement. In your answer include :

Huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menentusahkan pernyataan di atas. Sertakan
dalam jawapan anda
● Procedure
Prosedur
● Observation
Pemerhatian
● Chemical equation
Persamaan kimia
[10 marks]

4541
PAPER 3 STRUCTURED QUESTION

1. The reactivity of elements in Group 1 towards water depends on the position of the elements
in the group of the periodic table of elements.
Diagram 1 shows the set-up of apparatus for an experiment to determine the reactivity of the
group 1 elements towards water
Kereaktifan unsur-unsur Kumpulan 1 terhadap air bergantung kepada kedudukan unsur
tersebut dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen untuk menentukan kereaktifan
unsur kumpulan 1 terhadap air.
Diagram 1/Rajah 1
The experiment is carried out using lithium, sodium and potassium react with water
respectively.
Eksperimen itu dijalankan dengan menggunakan lithium, natrium dan kalium bertindak
balas dengan air masing-masing.
(a) Table 1.1 shows the result of the experiment. Complete the table below by stating the
observation for the reaction between potassium and water.
Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen. Lengkapkan jadual di bawah dengan
menyatakan pemerhatian tindak balas antara kalium dan air.
Experiment Observation
Eksperimen Pemerhatian
Sodium with water Sodium moves fast with yellow flame on the surface of
Natrium dengan air water and dissolves in water. ‘Hissing’ sound produced
Natrium bergerak cepat di atas permukaan air dan larut
dalam air. Bunyi ‘hiss’ terhasil.
Lithium with water Lithium moves slowly with red flame on the surface of
Litium dengan air water and dissolves in water
Lithium bergerak perlahan dengan nyalaan merah di
atas permukaan air dan larut dalam air
Potassium with water
Kalium dengan air
Table/Jadual 1.1
[3 marks]

4541
(b) Based on the observation of the reaction between lithium and water, state two
inferences
Berdasarkan kepada pemerhatian bagi tindak balas antara litium dan air, nyatakan dua
inferens
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(c) Based on this experiment, state
Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan
(i) the manipulated variable

pembolehubah dimanipulasikan : _________________________________
(ii) the responding variable

pembolehubah bergerak balas :___________________________________
(iii) the constant variable

pembolehubah dimalarkan : _____________________________________
[3 marks]
(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen tersebut.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(e) Give the operational definition for the reactivity of reaction that takes place for the
Group 1 elements.
Berikan definisi secara operasi untuk kereaktifan tindak balas yang telah berlaku bagi
unsur-unsur Kumpulan 1.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

4541
(f) Based on the experiment, arrange sodium, lithium, and potassium ascending order of
their reactivity.
Berdasarkan experiment, susun natrium, litium dan potassium dalam susunan menaik
kereaktifan.
→ →
[3 marks]
(g) State the relationship between the proton number of Group 1 elements and the rate of
reaction between the elements and water.
Nyatakan hubungan antara nombor proton unsur-unsur Kumpulan 1 dengan kadar
tindak balas antara unsur-unsur tersebut dengan air.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(h) Time taken of the complete reaction of alkali metal, group 1 with water are recorded
below.
Masa yang diambil oleh logam alkali kumpulan 1 bertindak balas dengan air
direkodkan
Alkali metal Time taken for complete reaction

Logam alkali Masa yang diambil untuk tindak balas lengkap
Lithium 2 minute 20 seconds
Litium 2 minit 20 saat
Sodium 1 minute 20 seconds
Natrium 1 minit 20 saat
Potassium 50 seconds
Kalium 50 saat
State the relationship between reactivity of alkali metal with time taken for the
complete reaction.
Nyatakan hubungan di antara kereaktifan unsur halogen dengan masa yang diambil
untuk bertindak balas lengkap.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

4541
(i) If the experiment is repeated by using rubidium metal, predict the observation.
Jika experiment ini diulang dengan menggunakan logam rubidium, ramalkan
pemerhatian.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(i) If the solution in the basin is tested with red litmus paper after, state the observation.
Jika larutan dalam bekas diuji dengan kertas litmus merah, nyatakan pemerhatian.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[ 3 marks]
(j) In Experiment 3, the reaction between alkali metal water with water produces an
electrolyte. Classify the ions that exist in the solution into positive ions and negative
ions.
Dalam Eksperimen 3, tindak balas antara logam alkali dengan air menghasilkan
elektrolit. Kelaskan ion-ion yang hadir dalam larutan tersebut kepada ion positif dan
ion negatif.
Positive ion Negative ion

Ion positif Ion negatif
[3 marks]

4541
PAPER 3: PLANNING OF EXPERIMENT

KERTAS 3: MERANCANG EKSPERIMEN
1 Chlorine, bromine and iodine react with water to form acidic solutions. Apart from acidic
solution, chlorine and bromine formed bleaching agents.
Solubility decreases from chlorine to iodine.
Klorin,bromin dan iodin bertindak balas dengan air membentuk larutan berasid. Selain
larutan berasid, klorin dan bromin juga membentuk bahan peluntur.
Keterlarutan berkurang dari klorin ke bromin.
Using suitable substance and apparatus, plan one laboratory experiment to investigate the
reactivity of chlorine, bromine and iodine react with
Dengan menggunakan bahan dan radas yang sesuai, rancangkan satu eksperimen
makmal untuk mengkaji kereaktifan klorin, bromin dan iodin terhadap air.
Your planning should include the following aspects:
Perancangan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut:
(a) Problem statement

Pernyataan masalah
(b) All the variables

Semua pembolehubah
(c) Statement of hypothesis

Pernyataan hipotesis
(d) List of materials and apparatus

Senarai bahan dan radas
(e) Procedure for the experiment

Prosedur eksperimen
(f) Tabulation of data

Penjadualan data
[17 marks]

4541
2 The three statements below describe the observations made when three elements react with
oxygen. The elements are in group 1 of the periodic table.
Tiga pernyataan di bawah menghuraikan pemerhatian yang dibuat apabila tiga unsur
bertindak balas dengan oksigen. Unsur-unsur ini adalah Kumpulan 1 dalam Jadual Berkala
Unsur.
Statement 1/ Pernyataan 1
Lithium burns slowly with a red flame to produce white solid. The white solid dissolves in
water to form colourless a solution. The solution turns the green universal indicator to purple.
Litium terbakar perlahan dengan nyalaan merah menghasilkan pepejal putih. Pepejal putih
larut dalam air membentuk larutan tidak berwarna. Larutan ini menukarkan warna penunjuk
universal dari hijau kepada ungu.
Statement 2/Pernyataan 2
Sodium burns brightly with a yellow flame to produce white solid. The white solid dissolves
in water to form a colourless solution.The solution turns the green universal indicator to
purple.
Natrium terbakar terang dengan nyalaan kuning menghasilkan pepejal putih. Pepejal putih
larut dalam air membentuk larutan tidak berwarna. Larutan ini menukarkan warna penunjuk
universal dari hijau kepada ungu.
Statement 3 /Pernyataan 3
Potassium burns very brightly with a yellow flame to produce white solid. The white solid
dissolves in water to form a colourless solution. The solution turns the green universal
indicator to purple
Kalium terbakar sangat terang dengan ungu menghasilkan putih. Pepejal putih larut dalam
air membentuk larutan tidak berwarna. Larutan ini menukarkan warna penunjuk universal
dari hijau kepada ungu.
Using suitable substance and apparatus, plan one laboratory experiment to investigate
reactivity of lithium, sodium and potassium towards oxygen
makmal untuk menyiasat kereaktifan logam litium, natrium, kalium terhadap oksigen.


Pernyataan masalah
Semua pembolehubah
Prosedur eksperimen
Penjadualan data
[17 marks]

4541
TITLE: CHEMICAL BONDS

TAJUK: IKATAN KIMIA
PAPER 2 SECTION A
KERTAS 2 BAHAGIAN A
1 (a) The proton number of helium is 2.

Why is this element not forming compounds with other atoms?
Nombor proton helium ialah 2.
Mengapakah unsur ini tidak membentuk sebatian dengan atom-atom lain?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(b) Atoms of both sodium and chlorine are unstable.

They react to form a compound which is more stable.
Diagram 1(b) below shows a sodium chloride compound, NaCl, that is produced by
the formation of a bond between sodium ion, Na+, and a chloride ion, Cl-.
Atom bagi natrium dan klorin adalah tidak stabil.

Mereka bertindak balas membentuk sebatian yang lebih stabil.
Rajah 1(b) di bawah menunjukkan sebatian natrium klorida, NaCl yang terbentuk
daripada ikatan antara ion natrium, Na+, dan ion klorida, Cl-.
Diagram/Rajah 1(b)

4541
(i) How are a sodium ion and a chloride ion formed from their respective atoms?
Bagaimanakah ion natrium dan ion klorida terbentuk daripada atom
masing-masing?
Sodium ions/ion natrium:
______________________________________________________________
Chloride ions/ion klorida:
______________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
(ii) The compound formed melts at 8010C. Explain why the compound has a high
melting point.
Sebatian yang terbentuk melebur pada 8010C. Terangkan mengapa sebatian
ini mempunyai takat lebur yang tinggi.
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
(iii) Give one physical characteristic of the sodium chloride other than melting
point and boiling point.
Berikan satu sifat fizik natrium klorida selain takat lebur dan takat didih.
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(iv) Sodium chloride can be used as table salt.
Justify the use of this compound in our everyday life.
Natrium klorida boleh digunakan sebagai garam dapur.
Wajarkan penggunaan sebatian ini dalam kehidupan harian kita.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah]

4541
(c) Atoms of both carbon and oxygen are unstable too. They react to form a
compound.
Diagram 1(c) shows the symbols for carbon and oxygen.
Atom bagi karbon dan oksigen juga tidak stabil. Mereka juga bertindak balas
untuk membentuk sebatian.
Rajah 1(c) menunjukkan simbol bagi karbon dan oksigen.
Diagram/Rajah 1(c)
Based on Diagram, draw the compound formed when carbon reacts with
oxygen in a complete combustion.
Berdasarkan Rajah, lukis sebatian yang terbentuk apabila karbon bertindak
balas dengan oksigen dalam pembakaran lengkap.
[2 marks/markah]

4541
PAPER 2 SECTION B
KERTAS 2 BAHAGIAN B
1 (a) Table 1(a) shows the physical properties of compound X and compound Y.
Jadual 1(a) menunjukkan sifat fizik bagi sebatian X dan sebatian Y.
Melting Boiling Electrical conductivity

Compound point point Kekonduksian elektrik
Sebatian Takat lebur Takat didih Solid Molten
(0C) (0C) Pepejal Leburan
Cannot Cannot
X -114.5 78.5
Tidak boleh Tidak boleh
Cannot Can
Y 770 1420
Tidak boleh Boleh
Table/Jadual 1(a)
Based on table,
Berdasarkan jadual,
(i) Identify the type of particles present in compound X and compound Y.
Kenalpasti jenis zarah yang wujud dalam sebatian X dan sebatian Y.
[2 marks/markah]
(ii) Explain the difference in melting point of compound X and compound Y.
Jelaskan perbezaan dalam takat lebur sebatian X dan sebatian Y.
[4 marks/markah]
(iii) Explain the difference in electrical conductivity of compound X and
compound Y in molten state.
Jelaskan perbezaan dalam kekonduksian elektrik sebatian X dan sebatian
Y dalam keadaan leburan.
[4 marks/markah]

4541
(b) Table 1(b) shows the proton number of elements J, K, L and M.

Jadual 1(b) menunjukkan nombor proton bagi unsur J, K, L dan M.
Element
J K L M
Unsur
Proton
number
1 6 12 17
Nombor
proton
Table/Jadual 1(b)
(i) Explain the position of element L in the Periodic Table of Elements.

Terangkan kedudukan unsur L dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
[4 marks/markah]
(ii) Based on the table, choose two elements that form a compound with low
melting point and boiling point which can ionise in water to form
electrolyte.
Explain how the compound is formed and draw the electron arrangement
for the compound.
Berdasarkan jadual di atas, pilih dua unsur yang membentuk sebatian
dengan takat lebur dan takat didih rendah dan boleh mengion dalam air
membentuk elektrolit.
Terangkan bagaimana sebatian ini terbentuk dan lukis susunan elektron
sebatian ini.
[6 marks/markah]

4541
PAPER 2 SECTION C
KERTAS 2 BAHAGIAN C
1 (a) A student carried out an experiment to study the electrical conductivity of

covalent compound and ionic compound.
Table 1(a) shows the observations for two sets of experiments.
Seorang murid telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji
kekonduksian elektrik bagi sebatian kovalen dan sebatian ion.
Jadual 1(a) menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi dua set eksperimen.
Experiment Substance X Substance Y

Eksperimen Bahan X Bahan Y
Light bulb lights up Light bulb does not light up
Set I
Mentol menyala Mentol tidak menyala
Light bulb does not light up Light bulb lights up
Set II
Mentol tidak menyala Mentol menyala
Table/Jadual 1(a)
By using suitable substance, describe an experiment that can be carried out to

obtain the observation as in table.
Your description should include the following:
(i) A labelled diagram to show the apparatus set-up
(ii) Procedure of the experiment
Dengan menggunakan bahan yang sesuai, huraikan satu eksperimen yang

dapat dijalankan bagi memperoleh pemerhatian seperti dalam jadual.
(i) Rajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan susunan alat radas
(ii) Prosedur eksperimen
[10 marks/markah]

4541
PAPER 3: STRUCTURED QUESTION

KERTAS 3: SOALAN STRUKTUR
QUESTION 1
SOALAN 1
1 Diagram 1 shows an experiment to investigate the electrical conductivity of different

compounds.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat kekonduksian elektrik sebatian
berbeza.
Set I
Set II
Diagram/Rajah 1

4541
(a) State three different observations and the corresponding inference in table.
Nyatakan tiga pemerhatian yang berbeza dan inferens yang sepadan dalam jadual.
Observation Inference
Pemerhatian Inferens
1.
2.
3.
[6 marks/markah]
(b) State one hypothesis for this experiment.
Nyatakan satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah]
(c) For this experiment, state:
Bagi eksperimen ini, nyatakan:
(i) The manipulated variable
Pembolehubah dimanipulasi
__________________________________________________________
(ii) The responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerak balas
__________________________________________________________
(iii) The constant variable
Pembelehubah dimalarkan
__________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah]

4541
(d) Based on the experiment, state the operational definition of the electrical
conductivity of the compound.
Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi kekonduksian
elektrik sebatian.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah]
(e) Explain the electrical conductivity of lead(II) bromide in molten state.
Terangkan kekonduksian elektrik leburan plumbum(II) bromida.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah]
(f) Lead(II) bromide melts at higher melting point compared to naphthalene. Explain
why.
Plumbum(II) bromide melebur pada takat lebur yang lebih tinggi berbanding
naftalena. Terangkan mengapa.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah]

4541
(g) Classify the following compounds that can dissolve in water and cannot dissolve in
water.
Kelaskan sebatian berikut kepada sebatian yang boleh larut dalam air dan tidak
boleh larut dalam air.
Potassium carbonate Ethanoic acid
Kalium karbonat Asid ethanoic
Chlorofluorocarbon Glycerol
Klorofluorokarbon Gliserol
Dissolve in water Does not dissolve in water

Larut dalam air Tidak larut dalam air
[3 marks/markah]

4541
PAPER 3: PLANNING OF EXPERIMENT

QUESTION 2
SOALAN 2
The dialogue below shows part of a conversation between a chemistry teacher and her
students on an experiment about the solubility of ionic compounds and covalent compounds
in different solvents.
Dialog di bawah menunjukkan sebahagian daripada perbualan di antara guru dan muridnya
berkaitan eksperimen keterlarutan sebatian ion dan sebatian kovalen dalam pelarut berbeza.
Teacher : Kelly, what is your observation from this experiment?
Cikgu : Kelly, apakah pemerhatian anda daripada eksperimen ini?
Kelly : I found that substance P dissolves in water but does not dissolve
in toluene.
Saya dapati bahawa bahan P larut dalam air tetapi tidak larut
dalam toluene.
Teacher : Amirul, how about observation of substance Q?
Cikgu : Amirul, bagaimana dengan pemerhatian bagi bahan Q?
Amirul : Miss Alisha, I found that substance Q does not dissolve in water but
dissolve in toluene.
: Cik Alisha, saya dapati bahawa bahan Q tidak larut dalam air

4541
Based on the conversation, plan a laboratory experiment to compare the solubility of

substance P and substance Q.
Give one suitable example for substance P and substance Q.
Berdasarkan perbualan tersebut, rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk membandingkan
kekonduksian elektrik bahan P dan bahan Q.
Berikan satu contoh yang sesuai bagi bahan P dan bahan Q.


Pernyataan masalah
Semua pemboleh ubah
Prosedur eksperimen
Penjadualan data
[17 marks/markah]

Modul Kimia SPM WPKL 1 4541
SKEMA
SET 1: THE STRUCTURE OF ATOM, CHEMICAL FORMULAE & EQUATION
STRUKTUR ATOM, FORMULA KIMIA & PERSAMAAN
KERTAS 2
Question/Soalan Score
Answer/Jawapan
Markah
1 (a) Molecule , Atom
Molekul, Atom 1+1
(b) Molar mass H2SO4
Jisim molar H2SO4 = 98 g mol-1 1
Molar mass CuCO3
Jisim molar CuCO3 = 124 g mol- 1
(c) i Brown gas
Gas perang 1
ii 2Zn(NO3)2 →2 ZnO +4NO2 + O2
Correct formulae/Formula yang betul 1
Balanced equation/Persamaan seimbang 1
iii Quantitative aspect/Aspek kuantitatif:
2 mol Zn(NO3)2 produce
2 mol ZnO, 4 mol NO2 and 1 mol O2
2 mol Zn(NO3)2 menghasilkan
2 mol ZnO, 4 mol NO2 dan 1 mol O2 1
Qualitative aspect/Aspek kualitatif: Zn(NO3)2

is reactant while ZnO , NO2 and O2 are
products
Zn(NO3)2 ialah bahan tindak balas manakala
ZnO , NO2 dan O2 adalah hasil tindak balas.
1
TOTAL/JUMLAH 9
Question Rubric/Rubrik Score

Soalan Markah
Able to record all temperatures with units and one decimal place
accurately
Boleh merekod semua suhu dengan unit betul dan satu tempat
perpuluhan 3
Sample answer/Samepl jawapan:

2(a) 95.0oC, 85.0 oC, 82.0 oC, 80.0 oC, 80.0 oC, 80.0 oC, 78.0 oC, 75.0 oC
Able to record any four temperature accurately with one decimal

place // All temperature correctly without one decimal place
Boleh merekod mana-mana empat suhu yang betul dengan satu 2
tempat perpuluhan//Semua suhu betul tanpa satu tempat
perpuluhan
Able to record two temperature correctly without unit

1
Boleh merekod dua suhu betul tanpa unit
No response or wrong response

0
Tidak ada respons atau respons salah
Question Rubric Score

Soalan Rubrik Markah
Able to draw the graph correctly and completely

The graph consist of:
i. Both axis are labelled and with units
2(b )
- y axis, temperature/oC , x axis, time /s
ii. All points are transferred correctly
3
iii. Uniform scale
iv. Best fit curve of graph and more than ½ size of graph paper
Boleh melukis graf dengan betul dan lengkap
Graf itu mengandungi:
Kedua-dua axis dilabel dengan unit

- paksi y, suhu /oC, paksi x/s

Semua titik dipindahkan dengan betul
Skala sekata
Lengkung graf yang melalui kesemua titik dan melebih 50% saiz
kertas graf
Able to plot a graph of temperature against time of the experiment

with at least 3 item less accurately
i. Both axis are labelled and without units
ii. All points are transferred correctly
iii. Uniform scale but not suitable
iv. Best fit curve of graph
Boleh melukis graf suhu melawan masa bagi eksperimen sekurang- 2
kurangnya tidak perkara tetapi kurang tepat.
Kedua-dua axis dilabel dengan unit
Semua titik dipindahkan dengan betul
Skala sekata tetapi tidak sesuai
Graf yang baik
Able to show an idea of plotting a graph with at least 2 items

Boleh menunjukkan idea melukis graf dengan sekurang-kurangnya 1
memenuhi dua perkara.

0

Able to show the freezing point on the graph accurately and

stating the freezing point of Z with unit
Boleh menunjukkan takat beku pada graf dengan tepat dan
menyatakan takat beku Z dengan unit
The freezing point is marked accurately on the graph 3
Takat beku ditanda dengan tepat pada graf
2(c ) Stating 80oC

Menyatakan 800C
Able to show the freezing point on the graph less accurately and
stating the freezing point of Z without unit
2
Boleh menunjukkan takat beku pada graf dengan kurang tepat
dan menyatakan takat beku Z tanpa unit
Able to show an idea how to determine the freezing point on the

graph
1
Boleh menunjukkan idea bagaimana menentukan takat beku pada
graf

0

Able to state the changes of physical state during cooling process

2(d ) with following items:
Memberi perbuahan sifat fizik semasa proses pembekuan
berdasarkan perkara berikut:
Liquid until 90 s
Cecair sehingga 90 s 3
Liquid and solid from 90 s till 150 s
Cecair dan pepejal daripapda 90 s hingga 150 s
Solid from 150 s till 210 s
Pepejal daripada 150 s sehingga 210 s

Able to state the changes of physical state during cooling process

with at least two items: 2
Boleh memberi perubahan sifat fizik semasa proses pembekuan
sekurang-kurangnya dua perkara berikut:
Able to give an idea of changes of physical state
Boleh memberi idea perubahan sifat fizik 1
Sample answer/Sampel jawapan:
Liquid to solid/Cecair kepada pepejal
0

Able to state an accurate reason correctly 3

Boleh memberi sebab yang tepat dengan betul.
Example Contoh:
Minimize heat loss to surroundings to ensure uniform cooling
2(e)
Mengurangkan kehilangan haba ke persekitaran supaya
pemanasan sekata berlaku
Able to state reason correct 2

Boleh memberi sebab yang betul
Able to state idea only 1

Boleh memberi idea sahaja
No response or wrong response 0


Able to state the operational definition correctly. 3

Boleh mendefinisikan secara operasi dengan betul.
Example/Contoh:
When solid Z is heated in the water bath, a constant temperature is
recorded.
2(f)
Apabila pepejal Z dipanaskan dalam kukus air, satu suhu malar
diperolehi.
Able to state the operational definition 2

Boleh memberi definisi secara operasi
Able to state idea only 1

Boleh memberi idea sahaja

Question Answer Score

3 (a) Chemical formula that shows the simplest whole 1
ratio of atom of each elements in the compound.
Formula kimia yang menunjukkan nisbah mol
teringkas bagi setiap atom dalam satu sebatian.
(b) i Mass of Cu = 20.35 – 18.75 = 1.6 g 1

1
Jisim Cu
Mass of O = 20.75 – 20.35 = 0.4 g
Jisim O

ii Mol of Cu = 1.6 / 64 = 0.025 mol 1
Mol Cu
Mol of O = 0.4 / 16 = 0.025 mol
Mol O
1
Mol ratio : Cu : O = 0.025 : 0.025 = 1 : 1
Nisbah mol
iii Empirical formula CuO 1
Formula Empirik
iv CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O 1
(c) 1.flow dry hydrogen 1
Alirkan gas hidrogen kering 1
2.collect the gas 1
Kumpulkan gas
3. Place lighted splinter at the mouth of the test

tube.
Dekatkan kayu uji menyala ke mulut tabung uji

TOTAL 10

4 (a) i 46 1
ii 189 1
(b) i 2.408 × 1024 molecules 1
1
ii 4.816 × 1024 atoms 1
(c) 0.0015 mol 1
(d) 43.4 g 1
(e) 8.28/276= 0.03 mol Ag2CO3 1
2 mol of Ag2CO3 produce 2 mol of CO2 1

0.03 mol of Ag2CO3 produce 0.03 mol of CO2
1
0.03 × 24 dm3 = 0.72 dm3.
8.28/276= 0.03 mol Ag2CO3
2 mol of Ag2CO3 menghasilkan 2 mol of CO2

0.03 mol of Ag2CO3 menghasilkan 0.03 mol of
CO2
0.03 × 24 dm3 = 0.72 dm3.

TOTAL 10

5 (a) i C H 1
Mol 85.70 14.30
12 1
7.14 14.30 1
ratio 1 : 2 1
The empirical formula CH2

Formula empirik
ii ( CH2 )n = 56 1
[ 12 + 2(1) ]n = 56 1
56 // 4
14 1
The molecular formula C4H8

Formula molekul C4H8
iii
Empirical formula Molecular formula
Formula empirik Formula molekul 1
The formula shows that The formula shows that
carbon carbon and
and hydrogen are hydrogen are present
present
Formula yang
Formula yang menunjukkan kehadiran 1
menunjukkan kehadiran karbon dan hidrogen
karbon dan hidrogen
The formula shows that The formula shows that

the one
ratio of carbon to molecule of X consists
hydrogen is of 4 carbon
1:2 atoms and 8 hydrogen
atoms
Formula yang
menunjukkan nisbah Formula yang
karbon kepada hidrogen menujukkan satu
adaalah 1:1 molekul X yang
mengandungi 4 atom
karbon dan 8 atom
hidrogen.

(b) 1. An empty crucible and its lid are weighed and the 1
mass are recorded.
Satu mangkuk pijar dan penutupnya ditimbang dan
jisimnya direkodkan.
1
2. Magnesium ribbon is cleaned with sandpaper, placed
in crucible and weighed again. The mass are recorded.
Pita magnesium dibersihkan dengan kertas pasir dan
letakkanya ke dalam mangkuk pijar dan ditimbang
sekali lagi.Jisim direkodkan.
3. The crucible and its contents are heated over a strong 1

flame.
Mangkuk pijar bersama kandunganya dipanaskan
dengan api yang kuat.
4. The crucible lid opened once in a while during the 1

experiment
Penutup mangkuk pijar dibuka sekali-sekala semasa
eksperiment.
1
5. When the magnesium does not burn anymore, the
crucible and its contents are cooled in room temperature,
Apabila magnesium tidak lagi terbakar, mangkuk pijar
dan kandungan disejukkan kepada suhu bilik.
6. and then weighed. The mass is recorded 1

dan kemudianya ditimbang.Jisim direkodkan.
7 The heating, cooling and weighing is repeated until

the final mass becomes constant 1
Pemanasan, penyejukkan dan penimbangan diulang
sehingga jisim akhir menjadi tetap.
8 Result
Mass of crucible + lid = a g
Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup = a g 1
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium ribbon = b g

Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + pita magnesium = b g 1
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide = c g

Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + magnesium oksida =
cg
1
9. Mass of magnesium = (b – a) g

Jisim magnesium = (b – a) g
Mass of oxygen = (b – c) g 1
Jisim oksigen =(b – c) g
10. Mol of magnesium atom = b-a /24 1

Mol atom magnesium = b-a /24
Mol of oxygen atom = b-c /16

Mol atom oksigen = b-c /16
11. Simplest ratio mol of magnesium atom to mol of

oxygen atom = x:y/ 1:1
Nisbah mol atom magnesium kepada atom oksigen=
x:y/1:1
12.Empirical formula : MgxOy / MgO

Formula empirik:
1
TOTAL 20
SKEMA: PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENT/ JADUAL BERKALA UNSUR

KERTAS 2
Section A
Bahagian A
Questions Rubrics Marks
a W 1
1 b Able to form coloured compound/ able to form complex 2
ions/ability to form compound in variable oxidation numbers/
act as catalyst in certain reaction. ( choose any two)
Boleh membentuk sebatian berwarna/ boleh membentuk ion
kompleks/ boleh membentuk sebatian yang mempunyai 2 atau
lebih nombor pengoksidaan/ bertindak sebagai pemangkin
dalam beberapa tindak balas.(pilih mana-mana 2)
c i T dan U/ X dan Y 1
ii Atom T and atom U/ X and Y have the same numbers of electron 1
valens // Atom T dan atom U / X dan Y mempunyai bilangan
elektron valens yang sama
d i Molecule dwiatom/ molekul dwiatom 1
ii X2 + H2O → HX + HOX 1
e i Reaction between potassium permanganate (VII) with 1
saturated hydrochloride acid//
tindak balas antara kalium permanganat (VII) dengan asid
hidroklorik pekat
ii 2 KMnO4 + 16 HCl →2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O 2
TOTAL MARKS 10
a Have 3 shell filled with electron 1

2 Mempunyai 3 petala terisi dengan elektron
b Ar has achieved the stable octet electron arrangement./ 1
Ar atom no need to donate, receive or share electron
Ar telah mencapai susunan elektron oktet dan stabil./ Atom Ar
tidak perlu menderma, menerima atau berkongsi elektron.
c Cl/ klorin 1
d i Al / Aluminium 1
ii Al2O3 1
e i Increases / meningkat 1
ii It is because the atomic size decreases while the positive 1
charge of the nucleus increases.
Atom will easily accept electrons to achieve stability 1
Ini kerana saiz atom semakin mengecil, bilangan cas positif
dalam nukleus bertambah.
Atom lebih mudah menerima elektron untuk mencapai

kestabilan.
f Decrease 1
The proton number increases by one unit from sodium to 1
chlorine so, positive charge of the nucleus increase. 1
The strength of attraction from the proton in the nucleus to the
electrons in the shells increases
Menurun
Nombor proton bertambah satu unit dari natrium kepada
klorin menyebabkan bilangan cas positif pada nukleus
bertambah.
Daya tarikan proton dalam nukleus terhadap elektron dalam
petala bertambah.
TOTAL MARKS 11
Section C
Bahagian C
a Z,X,Y 1
1 X : aluminium oxide // aluminium oksida
Y : Magnesium oxide // magnesium oksida 1
Z : silicone oxide // silikon oksida 1
Correct formula of reactant and product 1
Balanced equation
Formula bahan dan hasil betul.
Persamaan seimbang.
MgO + 2HCl →MgCl2 + H2O
1
1
b Correct formula of reactant s and product
Balanced equation
4Na + O2 → 2Na2O
No of mole Na2O = 0.1 mol
Mass of Na2O = 0.1 x 62 gmol-1
= 6.2g
c Procedure// prosedur
Fill the water trough with water
Isikan besen dengan air 1
A small size of lithium is cut by using knife and forceps.
Potong secebis kecil litium menggunakan pisau dan forsep
Dry the paraffin oil it with filter paper 1
Keringkan minyak parafin menggunakan kertas turas.
Lithium is placed carefully on the surface of water by using a

forceps 1
Letakkan litium dengan perlahan di atas permukaan air
menggunakan forseps
Observation is recorded. 1
Pemerhatian direkodkan
Experiment is repeated using sodium and potassium
Experiment diulang menggunakan natrium dan kalium 1
Observation
Metal Observation 1
Lithium Moves slowly
Litium Burns with red flame
Bergerak perlahan
Terbakar dengan nyalaan merah.
Sodium Moves quickly
Natrium Burns with a bright yellow flame 1
Bergerak dengan cepat.
Terbakar dengan nyalaan kuning .
Potassium Moves vigorously
Kalium Burns with purple flame 1
Bergerak dengan cepat.
Terbakar dengan nyalaan ungu.
Correct formula of reactants and products 1

Formula bahan tindak balas dan hasil tindak balas yang betul.
Balanced equation
Persamaan yang seimbang
2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + H2
2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
2Li + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
1
TOTAL MARKS 20
SKEMA PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENT/ JADUAL BERKALA UNSUR

KERTAS 3
SOALAN STRUKTUR
SOALAN 1
a Potassium moves very fast with purple flame on the surface of 3

water
Dissolves in water
Hissing sound produced
Kalium bergerak sangat cepat dengan nyalaan unggu di atas
permukaan air
Larut dalam air
Bunyi Hiss di hasilkan
b lithium reacts with water 3
To produce lithium hydroxide
Litium bertindak balas dengan air
Menghasilkan litium hidroksida.
c i ) type of alkali metal 3
jenis logam alkali
ii ) the reactivity of alkali metal towards water
Kereaktifan logam alkali terhadap air.
ii) the size of alkali metal

Saiz logam alkali
d The lower position of metal In group 1, the more reactive metal in 3
reaction with water
Semakin rendah kedudukan logam dalam kumpulan 1, semakin
reaktif logam itu bertindak balas dengan air.
e An alkali metal that reacts more vigorously with water is more 3
reactive metal
Logam alkali yang bertindak balas lebih cepat dengan air ialah
logam yang lebih reaktif.
f Lithium → sodium →potassium 3
Litium → Natrium → kalium
g When the proton number of group 1 increase,the rate of reaction 3
between these elements and water increases.
Apabila nombor proton dalam kumpulan 1 bertambah, kadar tindak
balas antara logam kumpulan 1 dengan air meningkat.
h When the time taken to complete the reaction is decrease, the 3
reactivity of alkali metal increase.
Semakin berkurang masa tindak balas lengkap, semakin meningkat
kereaktifan logam kumpulan 1
i rubidium moves very fastest with purple bright flame on the surface
of water
Dissolves in water
Hissing sound produced

Rubidium bergerak terlalu cepat di atas permukaan air dengan
nyalaan ungu terang,
Larut dalam air
Bunyi Hiss di hasilkan
j The red litmus paper change to blue 3
Kertas litmus merah bertukar biru
k 3
Positive ion Negative ion
K+ OH-
H+
TOTAL MARKS 33
MERANCANG EKSPERIMEN
SOALAN 1
Rubrics Marks
a To study reactivity of chlorine, bromine and iodine with water 3
Untuk mengkaji kereaktifan klorin, bromin dan iodin dengan air.
b Maniulated variable :chlorine, bromine, iodine 3
Pemboleh ubah manipulasi : chlorine, bromin, iodin
Responding variable : the rate at which halogen dissolves in water
Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : kadar dimana halogen melarut dalam air
Constant variable : temperature of water
Pembolehubah dimalarkan : suhu air
c Down the group 17 from chlorine to iodine, the reactivity of halogens react 3
with water is decrease
Menuruni kumpulan 17 dari klorin kepada iodin, kreaktifan halogen
bertindak balas dengan air semakin berkurang
e Chlorine gas, liquid bromine, iodine crystal,test tube, rubber stopper, test 3
tube holder, delivery tube and pipet
Gas klorin, cecair bromin, hablur iodin,tabung uji, penyumbat
getah,pemegang tabung uji,tiub penghantar dan pipet
D The reaction of chlorine/ tindak balas klorin 3
- Chlorine gas is passed into a test tube containing water
Gas klorin dialirkan kedalam air
- The solution produced is tested with blue litmus paper
Larutan yang terhasil diuji dengan kertas litmus biru .
Reaction of bromine/ tindak balas bromin

- A few drop of bromine are added to some water in a test tube
Beberapa titis bromin ditambah kedalam sedikit air dalam tabung uji
- The test tube is tightly closed with rubber stopper and shaken
Tabung uji ditutup dengan ketat dengan penyumbat getah dan digoncang
Larutan yang terhasil diuji dengan kertas litmus biru
Reaction of iodin/ tindak balas iodin

- Some iodine crystal are added to some water in a test tube
Sedikit hablur ditambah kedalam sedikit air dalam tabung uji
- The test tube is tightly closed with rubber stopper and shaken
Tabung uji ditutup dengan ketat dengan penyumbat getah dan digoncang
Larutan yang terhasil diuji dengan kertas litmus biru
e 2
Halogens /Halogen Observation/Pemerhatian
Chlorine
Klorin
Bromine
Bromin
Iodine
Iodin
TOTAL MARKS 17
Soalan 2
Rubrics Marks
a How does reactivity of alkali metals change when react with oxygen? 3
Bagaimanakah kereaktifan kumpulan berubah apabila bertindak balas
dengan oksigen?
b Maniulated variable : elements of group 1 3
Pemboleh ubah manipulasi : unsur-unsur kumpulan 1
Responding variable : reactivity of alkali metal/the brightness of flame
Pemboleh ubah bergerakbalas : kereaktifan logam alkali/ kecerahan nyalaan
Constant variable : size of alkali metal/
Pembolehubah dimalarkan : saiz logam alkali
c The lower position of metal In group 1, the more reactive metal in reaction 3
with oxygen
Semakin rendah kedudukan logam dalam kumpulan 1, semakin reaktif logam
itu bertindak balas dengan oxygen
d Lithium, sodium, potassium, oxygen gas, knife, forceps,gas jar, gas jar 3
spoon,filter paper
Litium, natrium, kalium, gas oksigen, pisau, forsep,balang gas ,sudu balang
gas, kertas turas
e A small size of lithium is cut by using knife and forceps. 3
Potong secebis kecil litium menggunakan pisau dan forsep
Dry paraffin oil it with filter paper
Keringkan minyak parafin menggunakan kertas turas.
Lithium is placed carefully in the gas jar spoon by using a forceps
Letakkan litium dengan perlahan di atas sudu pembakaran menggunakan
forseps
Heat the lithium until its start to burn
Panaskan litium sehinga terbakar
Put the burning lithium quickly into a gas jar filled with oxygen\
N Letakkan litium yang terbakar dengan cepat kedalam balang gas y
yang mengandungi oksigen
Observation is recorded.
Pemerhatian direkodkan
Experiment is repeated using sodium and potassium
Eksperimen diulang menggunakan natrium dan kalium
f 2
Elements Observation
Unsur Pemerhatian
Lithium
Litium
Sodium
Natrium
Potassium
Kalium
TOTAL MARKS 17
Answers Scheme
SKEMA KERTAS 2
CHEMICAL BONDS
IKATAN KIMIA
SECTION A
BAHAGIAN A
Soalan Rubrik Marka
h
1 (a) Helium atom achieve stable duplet electron arrangement. 1
Atom helium mencapai susunan elektron duplet yang stabil
(b) (i) Sodium atom donates one valence electron.
Atom natrium menderna satu elektron valens. 1
Chlorine atom receives one valence electron.
Atom klorin menerima satu elektron valens. 1
(ii) Sodium ion and chloride ion are attracted by strong
electrostatic forces.
Ion natrium dan ion klorida ditarik oleh daya tarikan
elektrostatik yang kuat. 1
A lot of heat is needed to overcome the forces.
Tenaga haba yang banyak diperlukan untuk mengatasi daya
tersebut. 1
(iii) Soluble in water
Larut dalam air
/Conduct electricity in molten and aqueous states
Mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam keadaan leburan dan
akueus. 1
(iv) Sodium chloride is suitable to be used in our everyday life. 1
Natrium klorida wajar digunakan dalam kehidupan harian.
Acts as flavouring agent to give salty taste in food.
Bertindak sebagai perisa untuk memberi rasa masin dalam 1
makanan.
It is important to maintain blood pressure in body.

Ia penting untuk mengekalkan tekanan darah dalam badan. 1
We should reduce the use of sodium chloride in everyday
life.
Kita perlu mengurangkan penggunaan natrium klorida
dalam kehidupan harian. 1
Excessive consumption of sodium chloride can cause high
blood pressure.
Penggunaan natrium klorida berlebihan boleh
menyebabkan tekanan darah tinggi. 1
It increases the risk of heart disease and kidney disease.
Ia meningkatkan kadar sakit jantung dan sakit ginjal. 1
(c) Number of electron shells

Bilangan petala elektron 1
Number of electrons

Soalan Rubrik Marka
h
Bilangan elektron 1
TOTAL MARKS/JUMLAH MARKAH 11
Section B
Bahagian B

1 (a) (i) X: Covalent compound/sebatian kovalen 1
Y: Ionic compound/sebatian ion 1
(ii)
X Y
Positive ions and negative Molecules are attracted by
ions are attracted by strong weak Van der Waals’
electrostatic forces forces of attraction
Ion positif dan ion negatif Molekul ditarik oleh daya
tertraik kuat oleh daya Van der Waals yang lemah 1+1
elektrostatik.
A lot of heat is needed to A little energy is needed to
overcome the forces overcome the forces.
Banyak tenaga haba Sedikit tenaga haba
diperlukan untuk mengatasi diperlukan untuk mengatasi 1+1
daya tarikan daya tersebut

(iii)
X Y
X consists of charged ions Y consists of neutral
X mengandungi ion bercas molecules
Y mengndungi molekul
neutral
Ions are free to move in Molecules do not have
molten state to conduct charge to conduct
electricity electricity in molten state
Ion bebas bergerak dalam Molekul tidak mempunyai
keadaan leburan untuk cas untuk mengkonduksikan
mengkonduksikan elektrik elektrik dalam keadaan
leburan
(b) (i) L is placed in Group 2 because atom L has 2 valence

electrons.
L berada di Kumpulan 2 kerana atom L kerana mempunyai
2 elektron valens. 1+1
L is placed in Period 3 because atom L has 3 shells occupied
with electrons.
L berada di Kala 3 kerana L mempunyai 3 petala diisi
dengan elektron. 1+1
(ii) Atom J has one valence electron, atom M has seven valence
electron.
Atom J mempunyai satu elektron valens, atom M mempunyai
tujuh elektron valens. 1
Atom J shares one valence electron to achieve stable duplet
electron arrangement.
Atom J berkongsi satu elektron valens untuk mencapai
susunan elektron duplet yang stabil. 1
Atom M shares one valence electron to achieve stable octet
electron arrangement.
Atom M berkongsi satu elektron untuk mencapai susunan
elektron oktet yang stabil.
Both atoms share one pair of electrons to a single covalent
bond. 1
Kedua-dua atom berkongsi satu pasang elektron untuk
membentuk satu ikatan kovalen tunggal.
The covalent compound, JM is formed.

Sebatian kovalen, JM terbentuk. 1
TOTAL MARKS/JUMLAH MARKAH 20

Section C
Bahagian C

1 (a) (i)
1
Functional diagram
Rajah berfungsi
Correct label of apparatus and material
Melabel bahan dan alat radas dengan betul
(ii) Substance X: lead(II) bromide
Bahan X: plumbum(II) bromida
Substance Y: naphthalene
Bahan Y: naftalena 1
Procedure/Prosedur
5 spatulaful of substance X is placed in a crucible.
5 spatula bahan X dimasukkan dalam sebuat mangkuk pijar.
The crucible is placed on pipe clay triangle on tripod stand. 1
Mangkuk pijar diletakkan di atas segitiga tanah liat atas kaki
tungku tiga.
Two carbon electrodes are dipped in the substance X.
Dua elektrod karbon dimasukkan dalam bahan X. 1
The carbon electrodes are connected to bulb, batteries and
switch. 1
Elektrod karbon disambung kepada mentol, bateri dan switch.
The switch is turned on and the bulb is observed.
Switch ditutup dan mentol diperhatikan.
Substance X is heated in crucible until become molten. 1
Bahan X dipanaskan sehingga menjadi leburan.
The bulb is observed again. 1
Mentol diperhatikan sekali lagi.
Experiment is repeated by replacing substance X with substance 1
Y.
Eksperimen diulangi dengan menggantikan bahan X dengan
bahan Y.
Conclusion/Kesimpulan
Lead(II) bromide is an ionic compound that can conduct 1
electricity in molten state but not in solid state.
Plumbum(II) bromida adalah sebatian ion yang boleh
mengkondusikan elektrik dalam keadaan leburan tetapi bukan
dalam keadaan pepejal.
Naphthalene is a covalent compound that cannot conduct

electricity in solid and molten state. 1
Naftalena adalah sebatian kovalen yang tidak boleh
mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam keadaan pepejal dan leburan.
1
TOTAL MARKS 10
Paper 3
Kertas 3
Question Rubrics Marks
1(a) Able to state all observations and corresponding inference 3

correctly.
Menyatakan kesemua pemerhatian dan inferens yang betul.
Answer/Jawapan:
Bulb in Set I lights up Molten lead(II) bromide

Mentol dalam Set I menyala conduct electricity.
Leburan plumbum(II)
bromide tidak
mengkonduksikan elektrik.
Bulb in Set II does not light Molten naphthalene does not

up. conduct electricity.
Mentol dalam Set II tidak Leburan naftalena tidak
menyala mengkondusikan elektrik
Grey solid formed at Lead is formed.

cathode in Set I. Plumbum terbentuk.

Pepejal kelabu terbentuk di

katod dalam Set I.
Able to state all observations and corresponding inference 2
correctly.
Able to state all observations and corresponding inference 1

correctly.

Tiada respons atau respons salah

1(b) Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable 3

and the responding variable with direction.
Boleh menyatakan perhubungan antara pembolehubah
manipulasi dan bergerak balas yang dengan tepat.
Molten lead(II) bromide conduct electricity but molten
naphthalene does not conduct electricity.
Leburan plumbum(II) bromida mengkonduksikan elektrik tetapi
leburan naftalena tidak mengkondusikan elektrik.
Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable 2

and the responding variable but less accurately.
manipulasi dan bergerak balas yang kurang tepat.
Molten lead(II) bromide conduct electricity//
Molten naphthalene does not conduct electricity.
Leburan plumbum(II) bromida mengkonduksikan elektrik//

Leburan naftalena tidak mengkondusikan elektrik.
Able to state an idea of hypothesis. 1

Boleh menyatakan idea hipotesis
Lead(II) bromide is an ionic compound
Plumbum(II) bromida adalah sebatian ion.


1(c) Able to state all the variables correctly. 3

Boleh menyatakan semua pembolehubah dengan betul
Manipulated variable: Type of compound

Pembolehubah manipulasi: Jenis sebatian
Responding variable: Electrical conductivity

Pembolehubah bergerak balas: Kekonduksian elektrik
Fixed variable: carbon electrode

Pembolehubah dimalarkan: elektrod karbon
Able to state any two variables correctly. 2

Boleh menyatakan dua pembolehubah dengan betul.
Able to state any one variable correctly. 1

Boleh menyatakan satu pembolehubah dengan betul.


1(d) Able to state the operational definition correctly. 3

Boleh menyatakan definisi secara operasi dengan betul.
When the compound is heated until molten, the bulb will light up.
Apabila sebatian dipanaskan sehingga melebur, mentol menyala.
Able to state part of the operational definition correctly 2
Boleh menyatakan sebahagian definsi dengan betul.
The compound is heated until molten//
The bulb will light up.
Sebatian dipanaskan sehingga melebur//
Mentol menyala.
Able to state an idea 1

Boleh memberi idea
Ionic compound conducts electricity.
Sebatian ionik mengkondusikan elektrik.


1(e) Able to state the explanation correctly. 3

Boleh menyatakan penerangan dengan tepat.
Lead(II) ions and bromide ions are charged particles which
are free to move in molten state to conduct electricity.
Plumbum(II) ions dan bromida ions adalah zarah bercas
yang boleh bebas bergerak dalam keadaan leburan untuk
mengkondusikan elektrik.
Able to explain part of the explanation correctly. 2

Menerangkan sebahagian pemerhatian dengan tepat.
Lead(II) ions and bromide ions are charged particles//
Lead(II) ions are free to move in molten state
Plumbum(II) ions dan bromida ions adalah zarah bercas//
Plumbum(II) ions yang boleh bebas bergerak dalam
keadaan leburan.
Able to give an idea. 1

Boleh memberi idea.

Lead(II) bromide contains charges and free to move.
Plumbum(II) bromide mempunyai cas dan bebas bergerak.

1(f) Able to state the inference correctly. 3

Memberi inferens dengan tepat.
Lead(II) ions and bromide ions are attracted by strong
electrostatic forces. A lot of heat is needed to overcome the
forces.
Plumbum(II) ions dan bromida ions ditarik kuat oleh daya
elektrostatik. Tenaga haba yang banyak diperlukan untuk
mengatasi daya tarikan tersebut.
Able to explain part of the inference correctly. 2

Menerangkan sebahagian inferens dengan tepat.
Lead(II) ions and bromide ions are attracted by strong
electrostatic forces//A lot of heat is needed to overcome the
forces.
Plumbum(II) ions dan bromida ions ditarik kuat oleh daya
elektrostatik//Tenaga haba yang banyak diperlukan untuk
mengatasi daya tarikan tersebut.
Able to give an idea. 1

Boleh memberi idea.
Lead(II) bromide is stronger than naphthalene.
Plumbum(II) bromida lebih kuat daripada naftalena.

1(g) Able to classify all the compounds correctly. 3

Mengelaskan semua sebatian dengan betul.
Answer/Jawapan:
Dissolve in water Does not dissolve in water

Larut dalam air Tidak larut dalam air
Potassium carbonate Chlorofluorocarbon
Kalium karbonat Klorofluorokarbon
Ethanoic acid
Asid ethanoic
Glycerol
Gliserol
Able to classify three the compounds correctly. 2

Mengelaskan tiga sebatian dengan betul.
Able to classify two compounds correctly. 1

Mengelaskan dua sebatian dengan betul./
Reverse answers
Jawapan terbalik.


2(a) Able to state the problem statement correctly. 3

Boleh menyatakan pernyataan masalah dengan tepat.
Is sodium chloride and naphthalene dissolve in water and
toluene?
Adakah natrium klorida dan naftalena boleh larut dalam air
dan toluene/.
Able to state the problem statement less accurately. 2

Boleh menyatakan pernyataan masalah yang kurang tepat.
Is covalent and ionic compound dissolve in water?
Adalah sebatian kovalen dan ionik larut dalam aiar?
To investigate the solublity of covalent and ionic compound
in water and toluene.
Untuk menyiasat keterlarutan sebatian kovalen dan ionik
dalam air dan toluene.
Able to state an idea of problem statement 1

Boleh memberi idea tentang pernyataan masalah
Is substance P and Q dissolve in water?
Adakah bahan P dan Q larut dalam air?
To investigate the solublity of covalent and ionic compound.
Untuk menyiasat keterlarutan sebatian kovalen dan ionik.


2(b) Able to state all the variables correctly. 3

Boleh menyatakan semua pembolehubah dengan betul
Manipulated variable: Type of compound

Pembolehubah manipulasi: Jenis sebatian
Responding variable: Solubility of compound

Pembolehubah bergerak balas: Keterlarutan sebatian
Fixed variable: water and toluene.

Pembolehubah dimalarkan: air dan toluena
Able to state any two variables correctly. 2

Boleh menyatakan dua pembolehubah dengan betul.
Able to state any one variable correctly. 1

Boleh menyatakan satu pembolehubah dengan betul.


2(c) Able to state the relationship between the manipulated 3

variable and the responding variable with direction.
manipulasi dan bergerak balas yang dengan tepat.

Sodium chloride dissolves in water but not in toluene.
Naphthalene dissolves in toluene but not in water.
Able to state the relationship between the manipulated 2

variable and the responding variable but less accurately.
manipulasi dan bergerak balas yang kurang tepat.

Sodium chloride dissolves in water but naphthalene dissolves
in toluene.
Natrium klorida larut dalam air tetapi naftalena larut dalam
toluena.
Able to state an idea of hypothesis. 1

Boleh menyatakan idea hipotesis
The solubility of sodium chloride and naphthalene is
different.
Keterlarutan natrium klorida dan naftalene berbeza.


2(d) Able to give a complete list of materials and apparatus that 3

involves the following:
Boleh memberi senarai bahan dan alat radas yang berikut
seperti berikut:
Boiling tube, measuring cylinder, spatula, water, toluene,
glass rod, sodium chloride, naphthalene.
Tabung didih, silinder penyukat, spatula, air, toluena, rod
kaca, natrium klorida, naftalena.
Able to give a list of materials and apparatus that involves 2

the following but less accurately:
Boleh memberi senarai bahan dan alat radas dengan kurang
tepat seperti berikut:
Boiling tube, water, toluene, glass rod, sodium chloride,
naphthalene.
Tabung didih, air, toluena, rod kaca, natrium klorida,
naftalena.
Able to give an idea of the materials and apparatus that 1

involves the following:
Boleh memberi idea tentang bahan dan alat radas seperti
berikut:
Boiling tube, organic solvent, water, covalent compound,
ionic compound.
Tabung didih, pelarut organik, air, sebatian kovalen,
sebatian ionik


2(e) Able to state all the following 6 steps correctly: 3

Boleh menyatakan kesemua 6 langkah dengan tepat:
Sample answer:
1. Fill a boiling tube with 5 ml of water.
2. Add one spatula of sodium chloride powder into the
boiling tube.
3. Stir the mixture and observe the solubility of sodium
chloride in water.
4. Repeat steps 1 to 3 by replacing sodium chloride with
naphthalene.
5. Repeat steps 1 to 4 by replacing water with toluene.
6. Record the results of experiment in a table.
Sampel jawapan:
Isi sebuah tabung didih dengan 5 ml air.
Tambah satu spatula serbuk natrium klorida ke dalam
tabung didih.
Kacau campuran dan memerhati keterlarutan natrium
klorida dalam air.
Ulang langkah 1 hingga 3 untuk menggantikan natrium
klorida dengan naftalena.
Ulang langkah 1 hingga 4 untuk menggantikan air dengan
toluene.
Rekod keputusan eksperimen dalam jadual.
Steps 1, 2, 4, 5 2
Langkah 1, 2, 4, 5
Steps 1, 2, 5 1
Langkah 1, 2, 5


2(f) Able to exhibit the tabulation of data that includes the following
information:
Boleh membina jadual yang mengandungi perkara berikut
Heading for manipulated variable :
Pembolehubah manipulasi
Heading for responding variable :
3 x 3 table/Jadual
Substance Water Toluene

Bahan Air Toluena
Sodium chloride
Natrium klorida
Naphthalene
Naftalena
Able to exhibit the tabulation of data that includes the following 1

information
Boleh membina jadual yang mengandungi perkara berikut
1. Heading for manipulated/ responding variable
Pembolehubah manipulasi dan bergerak balas
2. 2 x 2 table/Jadual
Sample answer/sampel jawapan:
Substance Observation
Bahan Pemerhatian

Set 2
Electrochemistry
Elektrokimia
4541
TAJUK: ELECTROCHEMISTRY / ELEKTROKIMIA
Section A
Bahagian A
1. Diagram 1 shows a simple cell using zinc and copper as the electrodes and blue solution of X
as the electrolyte. The reading of the voltmeter is 1.8V.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu sel ringkas menggunakan zink dan kuprum sebagai elektrod dan
larutan biru X sebagai elektrolit. Bacaan voltmeter ialah 1.8V.
(a) In Diagram 1 , show the direction of the flow of electrons.

Dalam Rajah 1, tandakan arah aliran elektron.
[1 mark]
(b) Which metal reacts as the negative terminal?

Logam yang manakah bertindak sebagai terminal negatif ?
[1 mark]

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(c) What is the energy change in the cell above?
Apakah perubahan tenaga di dalam sel di atas?
[1 mark]
(d) Name the ion that gives the blue colour of solution X.
Namakan ion yang memberikan warna biru larutan X.
[1 mark]
(e) (i) After a few minutes, the copper rod becomes thicker. Give a reason.
Selepas beberapa minit, rod kuprum menjadi tebal. Berikan satu sebab.
[1 mark]
(ii) Write a half equation for your answer in (e)(i).

Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi jawapan anda di (e)(i).
[1 mark]
(f) (i) State the change in the reading of the voltmeter if zinc rod is replaced by
magnesium rod.
Nyatakan perubahan yang berlaku kepada bacaan voltmeter jika rod zink
diganti dengan rod magnesium?
[1 mark]

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(ii) Explain your answer in (f)(i).
Jelaskan jawapan anda di (f)(i).
[2 marks]
(g) Write the overall ionic equation for the cell.
Tuliskan persamaan ion keseluruhan bagi sel.
[1 mark]
2 Diagram 2 shows the combination between a chemical cell and an electrolytic cell.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan gabungan satu sel kimia dengan satu sel elektrolisis.
Diagram / Rajah 2
Referring to Cell X,
Merujuk kepada Sel X,
(a) (i) State the energy change occurred in cell X.
Nyatakan perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam sel X.
[1 mark]

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(ii) State the negative terminal. Give your reason.
Nyatakan terminal negative. Berikan sebab.
[2 marks]
(iii) State the change observed at the copper electrode.

Nyatakan perubahan yang diperhatikan pada elektrod kuprum.
[1 mark]
Referring to Cell Y,
Merujuk kepada Sel Y,
(b) (i) State all the ions present in concentrated sodium chloride solution.
Nyatakan semua ion yang terdapat dalam larutan natrium klorida pekat.
[1 mark]
(ii) Name the gas collected at the anode.

Namakan gas yang terkumpul di anod.
[1 mark]

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3 Diagram 3 shows two beakers containing copper plates immersed in different solutions.
Rajah 3menunjukkan dua buah bikar yang mengandungi logam kuprum dicelupkan ke dalam
dua larutan yang berbeza.
Diagram 3/Rajah 3
(a) (i) Predict whether displacement reaction occurs in Set 1 and Set 2.
Ramalkan sama ada tindak balas penyesaran berlaku dalam Set 1 dan Set 2.
Set 1 :____________________________________
Set 2 :____________________________________
[2 marks]
(ii) State one observation for the dispalcement reaction that occurs in (a)(i).
Nyatakan satu pemerhatian bagi tindak balas penyesaran yang berlaku di (a(i).
[1 marks]
(iii) Write the ionic equation for the displacement reaction that occurs in (a)(i).
Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindak balas penyesaran yang berlaku di (a)(i).
[1 marks]

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(b) Based on your answer in (a)(i), arrange copper, lead and silver in the order of increasing
electropositivity.
Berdasarkan jawapan anda di (a)(i), susunkan kuprum, plumbum, dan argentum dalam
tertib penambahan keelektropositifan.
[1 mark]
(c) If copper is replaced with zinc in Set I, state whether zinc can displaced lead from lead(II)
nitrate solution. Explain your answer.
Jika kuprum digantikan dengan zink, nyatakan sama ada zink boleh menyesarkan
plumbum daripada larutan plumbum(II) nitrat. Jelaskan jawapan anda.
[2 marks]
(d) State two uses of the electrochemical series.

Nyatakan dua kegunaan siri elektrokimia.
[2 marks]

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4 When concentrated aqueous sodium chloride solution is electrolysed using carbon electrodes,
gases are collected at the electrodes.
Apabila larutan akueus pekat natrium klorida dielektrolisiskan menggunakan elektrod
karbon, gas-gas terhasil dikumpulkan pada elektrod.
(a) Draw a labelled diagram for the set-up of apparatus to carry out the electrolysis.
Lukiskan satu gambar rajah berlabel susunan radas untuk menjalankan elektrolisis.
[2 marks]
(b) Name the gases collected at the anode and cathode.

Namakan gas yang terkumpul pada anod dan katod.
Anode/anod: ..................................................................................................
Cathode/katod: ..............................................................................................
[2 marks]
(c) Write the half equation for the reaction that occurs at the anode and cathode.
Tulis setengah persamaan untuk tindak balas yang berlaku di anod dan katod.
Anode/anod: ..................................................................................................
Cathode/katod: ..............................................................................................
[2 marks]

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(d) Suggest a chemical test to identify the gas produced at the anode.
Cadangkan satu ujian kimia untuk mengenalpasti gas yang terhasil di anod.
[2 marks]
(e) Why is concentrated hydrochloric acid not used for the manufacture of chlorine gas by
electrolysis?
Mengapakah asid hidroklorik pekat tidak digunakan dalam pembuatan gas klorin
melalui elektrolisis?
[2 marks]
5 Table 3 shows the descriptions and observations for two experiments I and II.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan penerangan dan pemerhatian untuk dua eksperimen I dan II.
Experiment Description Observation

Eksperimen Penerangan Pemerhatian
I Electrolysis of 1 mol dm-3 Brown deposits are formed at the
copper(II) sulphate solution using cathode and gas bubbles are
carbon electrodes released at the anode.
Elektrolisis 1 mol dm-3 larutan Enapan perang terbentuk pada
kuprum(II) sulfat menggunakan katod dan gelembung-gelembung
elektrod karbon gas dibebaskan di anod.
II Electrolysis of 1 mol dm-3 Mass of anode decreases and mass
copper(II) sulphate solution using of cathode increases
copper electrodes Jisim anod berkurang dan jisim
katod bertambah

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Elektrolisis 1 mol dm-3 larutan
kuprum(II) sulfat menggunakan
elektrod kuprum
Table 5/Jadual 5
(a) Based on Experiment I:
Berdasarkan Eksperimen I:
(i) What is the formula of the ion that is selectively discharged at the anode?
Apakah formula bagi ion yang dipilih untuk nyahcas di anod?
[1 mark]
(ii) State the reason for your answer in (a)(i).

Nyatakan sebab untuk jawapan anda di (a)(i).
[1 mark]
(iii) Write the half equation for the reaction that occurs at the anode.
Tulis setengah persamaan untuk tindak balas yang berlaku di anod.
[1 mark]
(iv) Describe briefly the chemical test to confirm the product at the anode.
Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan hasil di anod.
[2 marks]

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(v) How does the intensity of the blue colour copper(II) sulphate change?
Explain your answer.
Bagaimanakah keamatan warna biru larutan kuprum(II) sulfat berubah.
Jelaskan jawapan anda.
[2 marks]
(b) Based on Experiment II:

Berdasarkan Eksperimen II:
(i) Write the half equation for the reaction that occurs at the anode.
Tulis setengah persamaan untuk tindak balas yang berlaku di anod.
[1 mark]
(ii) How does the intensity of the blue colour copper(II) sulphate change?
Bagaimanakah keamatan warna biru larutan kuprum(II) sulfat berubah.
[2 marks]

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Section B
Bahagian B
6. (a) A student has carried out an electrolysis process using dilute etanoic acid and carbon as
electrodes. What is produced at the cathode ? Write a half equation for the reaction.
Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan proses elektrolisis dengan menggunakan larutan

asid etanoik dan karbon sebagai elektrod. Apakah yang terhasil di katod? Tuliskan
persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas tersebut.
[2 marks]
(b) Diagram 6 shows two types of cells.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan dua jenis sel.
Diagram 6 / Rajah 6
Compare and contrast cell X and cell Y. Include the observations and half equations for
reactions at the electrodes in both cells in your answers .
Banding dan bezakan sel X dan sel Y. Sertakan pemerhatian dan persamaan setengah
bagi tindak balas di elektrod kedua-dua sel di dalam jawapan anda.
[8 marks]

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(c) Table 6 shows the observation at the anode and cathode when the dilute hydrochloric
acid is electrolysed using carbon electrodes.
Jadual 6 menunjukkan pemerhatian pada anod dan katod apabila asid hidroklorik cair
dielektrolisiskan menggunakan karbon.
Electrode Observation
Elektrod Pemerhatian
Anode A colourless gas is released and relights a glowing splinter
Anod Gas tidak berwarna dibebaskan dan menyalakan kayu uji berbara
Cathode A colourless gas is released and gives a ‘pop’ sound when tested
Katod with a lighted wooden splinter
Gas tidak berwarna dibebaskan dan menghasilkan bunyi ‘pop’
apabila diuji dengan kayu uji bernyala
Table 6 / Jadual 6
(i) Identify the products formed at the anode and cathode.

Write the half-equation for the reactions that occur.
Kenalpasti hasil yang terbentuk di anod dan katod
Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.
[4 marks/markah]
(ii) What happens to the dilute hydrochloric acid at the end of the electrolysis?
Give one reason for your answer.
Apakah yang berlaku kepada asid hidroklorik cair pada akhir elektrolisis?
Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda.
[4 marks/markah]
(iii) State the factor that determines the products formed at the electrodes in this
experiment.
Nyatakan faktor yang menentukan hasil yang terbentuk di elektrod dalam
eksperimen ini.
[2 marks/markah]

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7. Diagram 7.1 shows the set-up of the apparatus to study the electrolysis of sodium chloride
solution using carbon electrodes.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji elektrolisis larutan natrium Klorida
menggunakan elektrod-elektrod karbon.
(a) Based on Diagram 7.1, state the factors that determine the products formed at
electrode P and electrode Q.
Berdasarkan Rajah 7.1, nyatakan faktor yang menentukan hasil yang
terbentuk pada elektrod P dan elektrod Q.
[2 marks]
(b) Explain the reaction at electrodes; P and Q. Include the following in
your explanation :
Terangkan tindak balas pada elektrod, P dan Q. Sertakan perkara berikut
dalam penerangan :
● List of ions attracted to each of electrodes, P and Q
Senarai ion-ion yang tertarik ke setiap elektrod, P dan Q
● Names of the ions selectively discharged at each electrode
Nama ion-ion yang dipilih untuk dinyahcas di setiap elektrod
● The reason why the ions are selectively discharged
Sebab ion-ion dipilih untuk dinyahcas
● Observation for each electrodes
Pemerhatian bagi setiap elektrod
[8 marks]

4541
(c) Diagram 7.2 shows two types of cell.
Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan dua jenis sel.
Diagram 7.2 / Rajah 7.2
Compare and contrast cell X and cell Y in term of :

Banding dan beza sel X dan sel Y dari segi :
● Type of cell
Jenis sel
● The energy change
Perubahan tenaga
● The terminals of the cells
Terminal bagi kedua-dua sel
● Ions presence in the electrolyte
Ion-ion yang hadir dalam elektrolit
● Observation
Pemerhatian
● Half equation for both electrodes
Setengah persamaan bagi kedua-dua elektrod
● Name of the processes occurred at the positive terminal of each cell
Nama proses yang berlaku pada terminal positif kedua-dua sel
[10 marks]

4541
Section C
Bahagian C
8. (a) Salman intends to electroplate an iron spoon with nickel.

Salman ingin menyadur satu sudu besi dengan nikel.
Nickel ,Ni is a transition element with oxidation number of +2 and +3.

Nikel ,Ni adalah unsur peralihan dengan nombor pengoksidaan +2 dan +3
Draw a labeled diagram to show how he can set up the apparatus.

Write the half equations at anode and cathode.
Lukiskan rajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan bagaimana dia dapat menyediakan susunan
radas tersebut.
Tuliskan persamaan setengah pada anod dan katod.
[4 marks]
(b) Two sets of experiment are carried out to investigate the factors affecting the discharged
of ions at the anode.
Dua set ekperimen dijalankan untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi nyahcas ion-
ion pada anod.
Table 8 shows information about both experiment.

Jadual 8 menunjukkan maklumat tentang kedua-dua eksperimen.
Type of
Experiment Electrolyte Observation at anode
anode
Eksperimen Elektrolit Pemerhatian pada anod
Jenis anod
0.0001 mol dm-
3
Bubble of gas produced light up a
MIsolution
Carbon glowing splinter.
I Larutan MI
karbon Gelembung gas terhasil dan
0.0001 mol dm-3
menyalakan kayu uji berbara.
1.0 mol dm-3 The solutionturns brown and turns

MI solution Carbon dark blue when starch solution is
II
Larutan MI karbon added.
1.0 mol dm-3 Larutan bertukar perang dan

4541
bertukar ke biru gelap apabila
larutan kanji ditambah.
Table 8/Jadual 8
Name the product formed at the anode in set I and set II. Explain how the products are
formed.
Namakan hasil yang terbentuk di anod dalam setI dan set II.Terangkan bagaimana
hasil-hasil tersebut terbentuk.
[6 marks]
(c)
Chemical cell produces electrical energy through chemical reaction.
Sel kimia menghasilkan tenaga elektrik melalui tindak balas kimia.
By using two suitable metal electrodes and an electrolyte,describe an experiment to

verify the above statement.
Dengan menggunakan dua elektrod logam yang sesuai dan satu elektrolit ,huraikan
suatu eksperimen untuk mengesahkan pernyataan di atas.
[10 marks]
9 (a) A group of students carry out an electrolysis of ethanoic acid solution, CH3COOH
by using carbon electrodes.
Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan suatu elektrolisis larutan asid etanoik,
CH3COOH, menggunakan elektrod karbon.
By using your knowledge of factors affecting the selective discharge of ions at the
electrodes,
Dengan menggunakan pengetahuan anda tentang faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi pemilihan ion untuk dinyahcaskan di elektrod,
(i) Identify the ion that is selectively discharge at anode and cathode.
Kenal pasti ion yang dipilih menyahcas di anod dan katod.

4541
(ii) Write half equation for the reactions occurred at anode and cathode.
Tuliskan persamaan setengah yang berlaku di anod dan katod.
(iii) Describe a chemical test to verify the product formed at cathode. Huraikan
satu ujian kimia bagi mengesahkan hasil yang terbentuk di katod.
[6 marks]
(b) Table 9.1 shows the apparatus set-up to electroplate iron spoon.
Jadual 9.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi menyadurkan sudu besi.
Observation on
Set Apparatus set up iron spoon
Set Susunan radas Pemerhatian
terhadap sudu besi
A shiny grey solid deposited

Pepejal kelabu berkilat terenap
I
No changes
Tiada perubahan
II
Table / Jadual 9.1

Based on the observation in Table 9.1, explain the differences in Set I and Set II.
Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Jadual 9.1, terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan
dalam Set I dan Set II.
[4 marks]

4541
(c) Table 9.2 shows the apparatus set-up and observation for four different of cells using
1.0 mol dm-3 copper(II) sulphate solution
Jadual 9.2 menunjukkan susunan radas dan pemerhatian bagi empat sel yang berbeza
menggunakan larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 1.0 mol dm-3.
Observation on
Set Apparatus set up iron spoon
Set Susunan radas Pemerhatian
terhadap sudu besi
Anode :
Anod :
Bubbles gas released
Gelembung udara terbebas
Electrolyte :
Elektrolit :
The intensity of blue colour of
I
copper (II) sulphate solution
decreased
Keamatan warna biru larutan
Kuprum (II) sulfat berkurang
Anode:
Anod:
Copper plate become thinner
Kepingan kuprum menipis
Electrolyte:
Electrolit:
II The intensity of blue colour of
copper (II) sulphate solution remain
Kuprum (II) sulfat kekal

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Anode :
Anod :
Magnesium plate become thinner
Kepingan magnesium menipis
Electrolyte :
III Elektrolit :
The intensity of blue colour of
decreased
Kuprum (II) sulfat berkurang
Anode :
Anod :
Copper plate become thinner
Kepingan kuprum menipis
Electrolyte :
Elektrolit :
IV The intensity of blue colour of
increased
Kuprum (II) sulfat bertambah
Table / Jadual 9.2

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Based on Table 9.2:
Berdasarkan Jadual 9.2:
Explain why there are differences in the observation between
Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan pemerhatian di antara
(i) Cell I and Cell II
Sel I dan Sel II
(ii) Cell III and Cell IV
Sel III dan Sell IV
[10 marks]

4541
1. Diagram 1.1 shows the set-up of apparatus for an experiment of Set I, Set II and Set III to
construct the electrochemical series based on the potential difference between two different
metals in a voltaic cell. Metal X acts as a positive terminal.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan radas satu eksperimen bagi Set I, Set II dan Set III untuk
membina siri elektrokimia berdasarkan beza keupayaan antara dua logam berbeza dalam sel
voltan. Logam X bertindak sebagai terminal positif.
Set Set-up of apparatus

Set Susunan radas
V
Metal X Tin
Logam X Stanum
I
Sodium chloride
solution
Larutan natrium
klorida Voltmeter reading
Bacaan voltmeter :
V
Metal X Zinc
Logam X Zink
II
Sodium chloride
solution
Larutan natrium
Bacaan voltmeter :
V
Metal X Magnesium
Logam X Magnesium
III
Sodium chloride
solution
Larutan natrium
Bacaan voltmeter :
Dagram 1.1/ rajah 1.1

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(a) Record the voltmeter readings in the spaces provided in Diagram 1.1.
Rekod bacaan voltmeter pada ruang yang disediakan dalam Rajah 1.1.
[3 marks]
(b) For this experiment, state the :

(i) manipulated variable

pembolehubah dimanipulasikan
(ii) responding variable

pembolehubah bergerak balas
(iii) fixed variable

pembolehubah dimalarkan
[3 marks]
(c) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

[3 marks]

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(d) Based on the voltmeter readings in Diagram 1.1, arrange metal X, zinc , magnesium
and tin in ascending order of electropositivity of metals in electrochemical series.
Berdasarkan bacaan voltmeter dalam Rajah 1.1, susunkan logam X, zink, magnesium dan
stanum dalam tertib menaik keelektropositifan logam dalam siri elektrokimia.
[3 marks]
(e) State the operational definition for potential difference of metals.

Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi beza keupayaan logam.
[3 marks]
(f) Diagram 1.2 shows the result of the experiment for Set II after 40 minutes.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen bagi Set II selepas 40 minit.

4541
(i) State one observation at negative terminal in Diagram 1.2 after 40 minutes.
Nyatakan satu pemerhatian pada terminal negatif dalam Rajah 1.2 selepas 40
minit.
[3 marks]
(ii) State the inference based on your answer in 1(f)(i).

Nyatakan inferens berdasarkan jawapan anda dalam 1(f)(i).
[3 marks]
(iii) State the relationship between the number of gas bubbles released at
metal X with time.
Nyatakan hubungan antara bilangan gelembung gas terbebas pada
logam X dengan masa.
[3 marks]
(g) Metal Q is placed between tin and metal X in the electrochemical series.
Predict the voltage produced and positive terminal if metal X in Set I is replaced
by metal Q.
Logam Q terletak di antara stanum dan logam X dalam siri elektrokimia. Ramalkan
voltan yang terhasil dan terminal positif apabila logam X dalam Set I
digantikan dengan logam Q.

4541
Voltan / voltage ______________________________________________
Positive terminal / terminal

positif ______________________________________________
[3 marks]
(h) Write half equation for the reaction occurs at negative terminal and positive terminal in Set
III.
Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada terminal negatif dan
terminal positif dalam Set III.
At negative terminal
Pada terminal negative
At positive terminal
Pada terminal positif
[3 marks]
(i) Classify all the ions present in sodium chloride solution into cations and anions.
Kelaskan semua ion yang hadir di dalam larutan natrium klorida kepada kation dan
anion.
Cation Anion
Kation Anion
[3 marks]

4541
2. Rajah 2.1 dan Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi dua eksperimen.
Diagram 2.1 and Diagram 2.2 show the set-up of the apparatus for two experiments.
Electrolytic cell I /Sel elektrolisis I
Beginning of experiment /Awal eksperimen After 30 minutes/ Selepas 30 minit
Rajah 2.1/ Diagram 2.1
Sel elektrolisis II/ Electrolytic cell II
Beginning of experiment /Awal eksperimen After 30 minutes/ Selepas 30 minit
Rajah 2.2/ Diagram 2.2
Electrolytic cell I using carbon electrodes and 0.01 mol dm-3 copper(II) chloride solution is used
as an electrolyte and Electrolytic cell II using copper electrodes and 0.01 mol dm-3 copper(II)
chloride solution is used as an electrolyte.

4541
Sel elektrolisis I menggunakan elektrod karbon dan larutan kuprum(II) klorida, 0.01 mol dm-3
digunakan sebagai elektrolit manakala Sel elektrolisis II menggunakan elektrod kuprum dan
larutan kuprum(II) klorida, 0.01 mol dm-3 digunakan sebagai elektrolit.
(a) State observation at anode in Table 1

Nyatakan pemerhatian di anod dalam Jadual 1.
Electrolytic cell Observation

Sel elektrolisis Pemerhatian
II
[3 marks]
(b) Based on the answer at (a), write the half equation for the reaction happen in both cell.
Berdasarkan jawapan di (a), tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas yang
berlaku dalam kedua-dua sel tersebut.
Half equation
Electrolytic cell
Persamaan setengah
Sel elektrolisis
II
[3 marks]
(c) Based on the half equations in (b), name the products.

4541
Berdasarkan setengah persamaan di (b), namakan hasil-hasil tersebut
Electrolytic cell Name of products

Sel elektrolisis Nama hasil-hasil
I
II
[3 marks]
(d) State an inference for Electrolytic cell II based on observation in 1(a).

Nyatakan inferens bagi Sel elektrolisis II berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam 1(a).
[3 marks]
(e) For this experiment, state:

(i) The manipulated variable:

Pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan :
(ii) The responding variable:

Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas :
(iii) The constant variable:

Pemboleh ubah yang ditetapkan :
[3 marks]

4541
(f) State the hypothesis for this experiment
.Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
[3 marks]
(g) State the operational definition for the factor of electrode type.
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi faktor jenis elektrod.
[3 marks]
(h) The experiment of Electrolytic cell I repeated by replace 0.01 mol dm-3 copper(II) chloride
solution to 1.0 mol dm-3 copper(II) chloride solution. Predict the name of product formed
at anode.
Eksperimen Sel elektrolisis I diulangi dengan menggantikan larutan kuprum(II) klorida
0.01 mol dm-3 dengan larutan kuprum(II) klorida 1.0 mol dm-3. Nama hasil yang akan
terbentuk di anod.
[3 marks]

4541
(i) The following are example of chemical substances.
Berikut adalah beberapa contoh bahan kimia
Benzene Molten lead(II) chloride Leburan Molten naphthalene

Benzena Plumbum(II) klorida Leburan naftalena
Potassium carbonate solution Glucose solution
Larutan kalium karbonat Larutan glukosa
Classify the chemical substances into electrolyte and non-electrolyte

Kelaskan bahan-bahan kimia tersebut kepada elektrolit dan bukan elektrolit.
[3 marks]
(j) (i) Draw a labelled diagram to show the electroplating of an iron key with silver
using silver nitrate solution as the electrolyte.
Lukis satu rajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan penyaduran kunci besi dengan
argentum menggunakan larutan argentum nitrat sebagai elektrolit.
[3 marks]

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(ii) What will happen to the iron key after electrolysed for 20 minutes?
Apakah yang akan berlaku kepada kunci besi itu selepas 20 minit
dielektrolisiskan?
[3 marks]
3. Diagram 3.1 shows the apparatus set-up used in an experiment to construct

the electrochemical series by measuring the voltage of copper and metal L
in a simple voltaic cell .
The experiment is repeated by replacing metal L with metal M, metal N, metal Q and metal R.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan dalam satu eksperimen untuk membina
siri elektrokimia dengan mengukur voltan antara logam kuprum dengan logam L dalam sebuah
sel kimia ringkas
Eksperimen ini diulang dengan menggantikan logam L dengan logam M, logam N, logam Q dan
logam R.

4541
Diagram 3.2 / rajah 3.2
(a) Record the voltmeter readings in the spaces provided in Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2.
Catatkan bacaan voltmeter pada ruang yang disediakan dalam Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2.
[3 marks]

4541
(b) Construct a table to record all the voltmeter reading for the different pairs of metals.
Bina satu jadual untuk merekod semua bacaan voltmeter untuk pasangan logam yang
berlainan.
[3 marks]
(c) For this experiment, state:

Pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan :

Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas :
(iii) The constant variable:

Pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan :
[3 marks]

4541
(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment
.Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
[3 marks]
(e) Based on the voltmeter readings, arrange all the metals according to the electropositivity in
ascending order.
Berdasarkan bacaan voltmeter, susunkan semua logam tersebut mengikut
keelektropositifan dalam susunan menaik.
[3 marks]
(f) Predict the voltage value for each of the following pair of metals:
Ramalkan nilai voltan bagi setiap pasangan logam berikut:
Pair of metals Voltage/V

Pasangan logam Voltan /V
M and R
M dan R
M and L
M dan L
N and Q
N dan Q
[3 marks]

4541
(g) Below is a list of chemical substances solution:
Di bawah ialah senarai beberapa larutan bahan kimia:
● Sodium chloride *tetrachlorometane * chloroform

Natrium klorida tetraklorometana klorofom
▪ Silver nitrate * Hydrochloric acid * Glucose

Argentum nitrat Asid hidroklorik Glukosa
Classify these substances into electrolyte and non-electrolyte.

Kelaskan bahan-bahan ini kepada elektrolit dan bukan elektrolit
Electrolyte Non-electrolyte
Elektrolit Bukan elektrolit
[3 marks]

4541
KERTAS 3 MERANCANG EKSPERIMEN
1 Diagram 1 shows a group of students present their finding after they have carried out one
experiment in the laboratory.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu kumpulan murid membentangkan dapatan mereka selepas
menjalankan eksperiment di makmal.
Based on situation above, plan an experiment to study the effect of concentration to the product
of electrolysis at anode.
Berdasarkan situasi tersebut, rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk mengkaji kesan kepekatan
elektrolit terhadap hasil elektrolisis pada elektrod anod.


4541
Pernyataan masalah
Semua pemboleh ubah
(c) Statement of the hypothesis
(d) List of substances and apparatus
(e) Procedure of the experiment
Prosedur eksperimen
Penjadualan data
[17 marks]
2 Diagram 2 shows the conversation between two students about the electrolysis experiment.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan perbualan antara dua orang pelajar tentang eksperimen elektrolisis
Chan Siew : I carried out an experiment of electrolysis copper(II) chloride

solution using carbon electrodes. I observed the gas bubbles are released at
anode.
Saya telah menjalankan eksperimen elektrolisis larutan kuprum(II) klorida
dengan menggunakan elektrod karbon. Saya perhatikan gelembong gas
. dibebaskan di anod.
Amina: But why when I used copper as electrodes, I observed the anode
become thinner?
Tapi mengapa apabila saya menggunakan kuprum sebagai elektrod, saya
perhatikan anod semakin nipis?
Diagram 2/ Rajah 2

4541
Referring to the conversation above, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of the
type of electrode to the product at anode.
Merujuk kepada perbualan di atas ,rancang satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan jenis
elektrod ke atas hasil di anod.

Pernyataan masalah
Semua pemboleh ubah
Prosedur eksperimen
Penjadualan data
[17 marks]
The voltage of simple chemical cell built using two different metals depends on
the position of both metals in Electrochemical Series
Nilai voltan bagi sel kimia ringkas yang dibina menggunakan dua logam yang
berbeza bergantung kepada kedudukan kedua-dua logam itu dalam Siri
Elektrokimia
Referring to the statement above, plan a laboratory experiment to compare the voltage of two
simple chemical cell
Merujuk kepada pernyataan di atas ,rancang satu eksperimen untuk membezakan nilai voltan
bagi dua sel kimia ringkas

4541

Pernyataan masalah
Semua pemboleh ubah
Prosedur eksperimen
Penjadualan data
[17 marks]

4541
SKEMA KERTAS 2 : ELECTROCHEMISTRY / ELEKTROKIMIA
Section A
Bahagian A
Draw an arrow from zinc to copper /
(a) 1
ada anak panah dari zink ke kuprum pada rajah.
Zinc /
(b) 1
zink // Zn
Chemical energy to electrical energy /
(c) 1
tenaga kimia kepada tenaga elektrik
Copper (II) ion /
(d) 1
ion kuprum(II)
copper is deposited on the cathode /
(e) (i) 1
kuprum terenap di katod
(ii) Cu2+ + 2e → Cu 1
The voltmeter reading increases.// accept any suitable figure
(f) (i) 1
Bacaan voltmeter meningkat // terima nilai yang sesuai
1 In electrochemical series, magnesium is located higher than 1

zinc.
The distance between magnesium and copper is further 1
compare to the distance between zinc and copper, so the
voltage increases /
(ii)
Kedudukan magnesium dalam siri elektrokimia adalah lebih

tinggi daripada zink
Jarak antara magnesium dan kuprum adalah lebih jauh
berbanding zink dan kuprum, oleh itu bacaan voltmeter
meningkat.
Zn + Cu2+ → Zn2+ + Cu
(g) - Correct formulae of reactants and products 1
-Formula kimia betul bagi bahan tindak balas dan produk
TOTAL MARKS 10

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(a) (i) Chemical to Electrical / 1

2 tenaga kimia kepada tenaga elektrik
(ii) Magnesium / Mg 1
Magnesium / Mg is more electropositive // higher position in
Electrochemical Series // higher tendency to release electron 1
/
Mg lebih elektropositif // kedudukan yang lebih tinggi
dalam siri elektrokimia // lebih cenderung melepaskan
elektron
(iii) Mg 🡪 Mg 2+
+ 2e 1
(iv) Brown solid deposited // copper electrode becomes thicker / 1
enapan perang terbentuk // elektrod kuprum menjadi tebal
(b) (i) Na +, Cl - , H + , OH- 1
(ii) Chlorine / 1
klorin
TOTAL MARKS 7
(a) (i) Set 1 : No displacement / tiada penyesaran 1

3 Set 2 : Displacement occur / berlaku penyesaran 1
(ii) Colorless silver nitrate solution turn to blue // Grey solid 1
deposited // Copper rode become thinner /
Larutan tidak berwarna argentum nitrat menjadi biru //

pepejal kelabu terbentuk // rod kuprum semakin menipis.
(iii) Cu (s) + Ag+ (aq) → Cu2+ (aq) + Ag (s) 1
1
(b) Silver, copper, lead // Ag, Cu, Pb / 1
Argentum, kuprum, plumbum
(c) Occur / berlaku 1

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Zinc more electropositive than lead in ES // higher position than
lead in ES // tendency to release electron / 1
zink lebih elektropositif daripada plumbum dalam SE // kedudukan

zink yang lebih tinggi daripada plumbum // cenderung melepaskan
elektron
(d) To determine the positive or negative terminals in voltaic cell / 1
untuk menentukan terminal dalam sel kimia
To determine the displacement process / 1
untuk menentukan tindakbalas penyesaran
TOTAL MARKS 10
(a)
4
Functional / radas berfungsi 1

Label diagram / rajah berlabel 1
(b) Anode: chlorine gas / gas klorin 1

Cathode: hydrogen gas / gas hidrogen 1
(c) Anode: 2Cl- → Cl2 + 2e 2
Cathode: 2H+ + 2e → H2
(d) Put a moist blue litmus paper into the test tube containing the 2
gas, the blue litmus paper turns red then to decolourise
Letakkan kertas litmus biru lembap pada tabung uji yang
mengandung gas, warna biru biru bertukar menjadi merah
dan kemudian luntur
(e) Not cheap and highly volatile/ mahal dan sangat beracun 1
TOTAL MARKS 9

4541
(a) (i) OH- 1
5 (ii) position of ions in the electrochemical series/ 1
kedudukan ion dalam siri elektrokimia
(iii) 4OH- → O2 + 2H2O + 4e 1
Place a glowing wooden splinter into a test tube containing the 1
(iv) gas , it rekindles
Oxygen gas 1
Letakkan kayu uji berbara pada mulut tabung uji, ia menyala.

Gas oksigen
(v) Colour intensity decreases 1
Concentration of copper(II) ions decreases / 1
Keamatan warna biru berkurangan

Kepekatan ion kuprum menurun.
(b) (i) Cu → Cu2+ + 2e 1
(ii) Blue intensity remains unchanged 1
The rate of formation of Cu2+ at the anode is the same as the 1
rate of discharge of Cu2+ at the cathode /
Warna biru kekal

Kadar pembentukkan ion kuprum di anod adalah sama
dengan kadar nyahcas ion kuprum di katod
TOTAL MARKS 10

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Section B
Bahagian B
6 (a) Hydrogen gas / 1

gas hidrogen
2H+ + 2e → H2 1
(b)
Cell/ sel Y X
Name of the cell/ Chemical cell/ sel Electrolytic cell/
nama sel kimia sel elektrolisis 1+1
Energy change/ Chemical energy Electrical energy

perubahan tenaga to electrical to chemical
energy/ energy/
Tenaga kimia Tenaga elektrik 1+1
kepada tenaga kepada tenaga

elektrik kimia
Electrodes/ Negative terminal Anode: Copper
elektrod : Zinc Cathode: Copper 1+1
Positive terminal:
Copper
Ion in
Solutions/ Cu2+, SO 42-, H+, Cu2+, SO 4 2-, H+,
Ion dalam larutan OH- OH-
1+1
Half equations/ Negative Anode:
Setengah terminal: Zn → Cu → Cu2+ + 2e
persamaan Zn2+ + 2e Cathode:
Positive terminal: Cu2+ + 2e → Cu
Cu2+ + 2e → Cu
Observation/ Negative Anode:
1+1
pemerhatian terminal: The electrode

4541
Zinc electrode becomes thinner /
become thinner / elekrod menipis
elektrod zink
menjadi semakin 1+1
nipis
Max 8
Positive Cathode:
terminal: The electrode
Copper electrode becomes thicker /
becomes thicker/ elektrod menebal
elektrod kuprum
menebal
(c) (i)
Electrodes Anode Cathode
Product/ hasil Oxygen gas/ Hydrogen gas /
gas oksigen gas hidrogen 1+1
Half-equation
4OH- → O2 + 2H2O + 2H+ + 2e →
/ setengah 1+1
4e H2
persamaan
(ii) Concentration of hydrochloric acid increases 1

Cl- and OH- ions attracted to the anode 1
OH- ions selectively discharged because lower position in the
electrochemical series 1
H+ ions attracted to the anode 1
H+ ions are discharged – one type of ions only 1
Therefore only left with H+ and Cl- ions 1
Kepekatan asid hidroklorik meningkat

Ion klorida dan hidroksida tertarik ke anod
Ion hidroksida dinyahcas di anod kerana kedudukan yang
rendah dalam siri elektrokimia

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Ion hidrogen tertarik ke katod
Ion hidrogen dinyahcas – terdapat satu ion sahaja
Oleh itu, yang tinggal hanya ion hidrogen dan ion ion
klorida.
max
=4
(iii) Anode: Position of ions in the electrochemical series 1
Cathode: Position of ions in the electrochemical series 1
Anod : kedudukan ion dalam siri elektrokimia

Katod : kedudukan ion dalam siri elektrokimia
TOTAL MARKS 20
(a) Electrode P : Concentration of electrolyte 1

7 Electrode Q : Position of the ions in the electrochemical series 1
Elektrod P : kepekatan elektrolit

Elektrod Q : kedudukan ion dalam siri elektrokimia
(b)
Electrode P Electrode Q
Ions attracted to/
Cl- , OH- Na+ , H+
Ion yang tertarik 1+ 1
Names the
ions Cl- H+
selectively 1+1
Discharged/
ion yang
dinyahcas
Reason why Concentration H+ ion is
the ions are of Cl- is placed lower 1+1
selectively higher than than Na+ in the

4541
discharged/ OH-/ electrochemic
penerangan Kepekatan ion al
pemilihan ion Cl- lebih Series/
tinggi Kedudukan ion
daripada ion H+ lebih rendah
H+ daripada ion ion
Na+ dalam siri
elektrokimia
Observation/ Greenish Colourless gas
pemerhatian yellow gas is is released/
released/ gas gelembung
1+1
kuning gas tidak
kehijauan berwarna
dibebaskan dibebaskan.
(c)
Cell X Cell Y
Type of cell/ Electrolytic cell/ Voltaic cell/
Jenis sel Sel elektrolisis sel kimia 1
The energy Electrical energy to Chemical energy to
change/ chemical energy/ electrical energy/
Perubahan Tenaga elektrik Tenaga kimia 1
tenaga kepada tenaga kepada tenaga
kimia elektrik
The terminal of Positive terminal / Positive terminal /
the cell/ anode: Copper cathode: copper
Terminal sel Negative terminal Negative terminal /

/ cathode: copper anode: aluminium 1
Ions present in
Cu 2+, H+ SO4 2- , OH-
the electrolyte/ 1
Ion dalam

4541
elektrolit
Observation/ Anode: Negative 1
pemerhatian Thinner / menipis terminal/Aluminiu
m plate: thinner/
terminal negative/
plat aluminium :
menipis 1
Cathode: brown Positive
deposit//brown terminal/Copper
solid is plate: brown
deposited//thicker/ deposit//brown
solid is
deposited//thicker
1
katod : enapan Terminal positif/

perang// menebal plat kuprum :
enapan perang //
menebal
1
Half equation Anode/ anod : Al plate//- terminal
for :
both electrodes Cu → Cu2+ + 2e Al → Al3+ + 3e
1
Cathode/katod : Cu plate//+
terminal:
Cu 2+ +2e → Cu Cu 2+ +2e → Cu
Name of the Anode/Al plate: Oxidation
process occurred Cathode/Copper plate//negative
at both terminal: Reduction 1
electrodes/
terminal anod // plat Al : pengoksidaan
1
nama proses katod // plat kuprum : penurunan

4541
yang berlaku
1
pada elektrod
atau terminal
max
=10
TOTAL MARKS 20

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Section C
Bahagian C
8. (a)
1.functional diagram : anode and cathode correct,solution 1
shaded,whole spoon immersed

2.label : nickel,spoon,nickel(III) nitrate solution
1
1.gambarajah berfungsi : anod dan katod betul,larutan

dilorek,sudu direndam sepenuhnya
2.label : Nikel,sudu ,larutan nikel(III) nitrat
[a:any solution with nickel(II) /nickel(III) ion] 1
3.anode : Ni → Ni2+ +2e // Ni → Ni3+ +3e 1
[refer solution]
4.cathode : Ni2+ +2e → Ni // Ni3+ +3e → Ni 1
[rujuk larutan]
(b) Experiment I
1.product = oxygen 1
Hasil =oksigen
2.hydroxide ion is discharged 1
Ion hidroksida dinyahcaskan
3.hydroxide ion is lower than iodide ion in the electrochemical 1
series

4541
Ion hidroksida di bawah ion iodida dalam siri elektrokimia.
Experiment II
4. product = iodine
Hasil =iodin 1
5.iodide ion is discharged
Ion iodida dinyahcaskan 1
6.iodide ion is more concentrated
Ion iodide lebih pekat. 1
(c) 1.Zn 1
2.Cu 1
3.CuSO4 solution 1
Procedure :
4. Zinc strip and copper strip are cleaned with sand paper
jalur zink dan jalur kuprum digosok dengan kertas pasir 1
5.A beaker is filled with 0.1 mol dm-3 of copper(II) sulphate
solution until half full 1
Sebuah bikar diisi dengan larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 0.1 mol
dm-3 sehingga separuh bikar
6.Zinc strip and copper strip are dipped into the solution
jalur zink dan kuprum dicelup ke dalam larutan 1
7.both strips are connected to voltmeter via connecting wire
kedua-dua jalur disambungkan ke voltmeter melalui wayar 1
penyambung
8.Zinc release electron to form zinc ion
zink menderma elektron dan membentuk ion zink 1
9. copper(II) ion receive electron to form copper
ion kuprum(II) menerima elektron dan membentuk kuprum 1
10.when electron move from zinc to copper pointer of
voltmeter deflect 1
apabila elektron bergerak dari zink ke kuprum jarum
voltmeter terpesong
TOTAL MARKS 20

4541
Question 9 Rubric MARK
S
(a) (i) Anode: OH- 1
Cathode: H+ 1
(ii) Anode : 4OH- → O2 + H2O + 4e 1
Cathode : 2H+ + 2e → H2 1
(iii) Insert a lighted wooden splinter at the mouth of the test tube, 1
A pop sound is produced 1
masukkan kayu uji bernyala pada mulut tabung uji,

bunyi pop terhasil
(b) In Set I :
Iron spoon is placed at cathode 1
Ag+ is discharged and formed silver atom because the position 1
Ag+ is lower than H+ in ECS// Ag+ + e -->Ag
sudu besi terletak di katod

Ag+ dinyahcas dan atom argentum terbentuk kerana
kedudukan ion argentum lebih rendah dalam SE
Ag+ + e -->Ag
In Set II :
Iron spoon is placed at anode
1
No silver atom formed 1
sudu besi diletakkan di anod

tiada pembentukkan atom argentum.
(c) (i) In Cell I

OH- is discharged at anode and formed oxygen 1
gas // 4OH- → O2 + H2O + 4e
because the position of OH- is lower than NO3- in ECS 1
1
2+
The concentration of Cu decreases//
Cu2+ is discharged to form copper atom at
cathode// Cu2+ + 2e → Cu
In Cell II 1
copper atom (anode) ionises to form Cu2+ // 1
Cu -->Cu2+ + 2e
because the factor is type of electrodes
1
The concentration of Cu2+ unchanged//
concentration for Cu2+ formed at anode // Cu → Cu2+ + 2e
(ii) In Cell III
Magnesium is more electropositive than copper 1
Magnesium atom ionises to form Mg2+ // Mg → Mg2+ + 2e 1

4541
The concentration of Cu2+ decreases//
Cu2+ discharge to form copper atom at cathode// 1
Cu2+ + 2e → Cu
Mg lebih elektropositif daripada kuprum

atom magnesium mengion menjadi ion Mg.
Mg → Mg2+ + 2e
kepekatan ion kuprum
In Cell IV
Copper is more electropositive than silver
1
Copper atom ionises to form Cu2+ //
Cu → Cu2+ + 2e 1
1
The concentration of Cu2+ increases//
Copper ionises to form Cu2+ at
cathode // Cu → Cu2+ + 2e
TOTAL MARKS 20

4541
SKEMA KERTAS 3 : ELECTROCHEMISTRY / ELEKTROKIMIA
SOALAN STRUKTUR
SOALAN 1
QUESTION Rubric Score

(a) Able to state all the voltmeter readings accurately with correct
unit and one decimal point.
Dapat menyatakan semua bacaan voltmeter dengan tepat
beserta unit dan satu titik perpuluhan
Answer:
3
Set I : 0.7 V
Set II : 1.6 V
Set III : 2.4 V
(b) Able to state all the three variables correctly

Dapat menyatakan semua ketiga-tiga pembolehubah dengan
betul
Sample answer:
Manipulated variable: Pair of metal // Negative terminal
Pasangan logam // Terminal negatif
Responding variable: Voltmeter reading// potential

difference/Voltage
3
Bacaan voltmeter// Beza keupayaan //
Voltan
Fixed variable : Metal X // Positive terminal//

Sodium chloride solution// Type of
electrolyte
Logam X // Terminal positif //
Larutan natrium klorida // Jenis elektrolit

4541
(c) Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable
and the responding variable with direction
Dapat menyatakan hubungan antara PU manipulasi dengan PU
bergerak balas beserta arah
Sample answer:
The further/nearer the distance between two metals in the
3
electrochemical series, the higher/lower (the potential
difference) / (the voltmeter reading) / voltage
Semakin jauh/dekat jarak antara dua logam dalam siri
elektrokimia, semakin tinggi/rendah (beza keupayaan)/(bacaan
voltmeter)/ voltan
(d) Able to arrange the four metals correctly
Sample answer: 3
Metal X, tin, zinc, magnesium // X, Sn, Zn, Mg
Logam X, stanum, zink, magnesium // X, Sn, Zn, Mg
(e) Able to give the operational definition for potential difference
accurately with the following aspects:
1. what should be done and
2. what should be observed
Sample answer:
When two different metals are dipped into sodium chloride 3
solution, (the needle of voltmeter deflects)/(voltmeter gives a
reading)
Apabila dua logam berlainan dicelup ke dalam larutan natrium
klorida, (jarum voltmeter terpesong)/(voltmeter menunjukkan
bacaan)
(f) (i) Able to state an observation at negative terminal correctly
Sample answer:
Zinc becomes thinner // Zinc dissolved // Size of zinc is smaller
3
// Mass of zinc decreases
Zink menipis // Zink melarut // Saiz zink mengecil // Jisim zink
Berkurang

4541
(f) (ii) Able to make inference correctly
Zinc ionised //Zinc ion produced // Zinc undergoes oxidation //
Zinc released electron 3
Zink mengion // Ion zink terhasil // Zink mengalami
pengoksidaan // Zinc melepaskan elektron
(f) (iii) Able to state the relationship between the number of gas bubbles
released at metal X with time correctly
Sample answer:
The number of gas bubbles released at metal X decreases with
time // The longer the time, the lesser the number of gas bubbles
3
released at metal X
Bilangan gelembung gas terbebas pada logam X berkurang
dengan masa //
Semakin bertambah masa, semakin berkurang bilangan
gelembung gas terbebas pada logam X
(g) Able to predict the voltage value and positive terminal correctly
Sample answer:
Voltage : [0.0 V < Voltage value <0.7 V] with unit
Voltan [0.0 V < Nilai voltan < 0.7 V ] dengan unit 3
Positive terminal : Metal Q

Terminal positif : Logam Q
(h) Able to write half equations at negative and positive terminal
correctly
Sample answer:
At negative terminal : Mg → Mg2+ + 2e
Pada terminal negatif
3
At positive terminal : 2H+ + 2e → H2
Pada terminal positif

4541
(i) Able to classify all the ions correctly
Sample answer:
Cation Anion
Kation Anion
Sodium ion// Na+ Chloride ion// Cl-
3
Ion natrium Ion klorida
Hydrogen ion // H+ Hydroxide ion // OH-

Ion hidrogen Ion hidroksida
SOALAN 2
QUESTION Rubric Score
(a) Able to state all observations correctly.
Dapat menyatakan pemerhatian dengan betul
Sample answer:
Experiment Observation at anode

I Bubbles of gas released//effervescence occurs
Gelembung gas tidak berwarna terbebas
II Copper / anode becomes thinner/ dissolved/ 3

smaller.
Kuprum/ anod menjadi nipis/ terlarut/ kecil

4541
(b) The correct half equation
Persamaan setengah yang betul
Experimen Observation at anode

t Pemerhatian di anod 3
Eksperimen
I 4OH- → 2H2O + O2 + 4e
II Cu → Cu2+ + 2e
(c) Able to state 3 products correctly.

Dapat menyatakan 3 hasil dengan betul
Sample answer:
Experiment Observation at anode

Eksperimen Pemerhatian di anod
3
I Oxygen gas and water
Gas Oksigen dan air
II Copper(II) ion
Ion kuprum(II)
*[mesti ada (II)]
(d) Able to state the inference correctly based on observation.

Dapat menyatakan inferens dengan betul berdasarkan
pemerhatian
Sample answer: 3
Copper (II) ion / Cu2+ produced // Copper ionises // Copper
released electron // Copper is oxidised.
Ion kuprum(II)/ Cu2+ terhasil// kuprum terion// kuprum
membebaskan elektron// kuprum teroksida.

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(e) Able to state the three variables correctly
Dapat menyatakan 3 pemboleh ubah dengan betul
Sample answer:
Manipulated: Type of electrode/anode // copper and carbon
Manipulasi: Jenis elektrod/ anod// kuprum dan karbon
Responding: Product at the anode // Product of electrolysis 3

Bergerak balas: hasil di anod// Hasil elektrolisis
Constant: Copper(II) sulphate//CuSO4// Electrolyte//

Concentration of electrolyte
Dimalarkan: Kuprum(II) sulfat// Elektrolit// kepekatan elektrolit
r: Volume // tolak : Isi padu
(f) Able to state the hypothesis accurately

Boleh menyatakan hipotesis dengan betul
Sample answer:
When copper electrodes are used, copper anode becomes
thinner. when carbon electrodes are used, colourless gas is 3
released.
Apabila elektrod kuprum digunakan sebagai anod, elektrod
kuprum akan menipis manakala elektrod karbon digunakan
sebagai anod, gelembung gas tidak berwarna terbebas.
(g) Able to give the OD accurately

Menyatakan definisi secara operasi dengan betul
3
Sample answer:
When used 2 different electrode/ copper/ carbon
Different products/ copper electrode became thinner/ Colourless

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bubbles gas released
Apabila menggunakan 2 elektrod yang berbeza/ kuprum/ karbon
Hasil yang berbeza/ elektrod kuprum menipis/ gelembung gas
tidak berwarna terbebas
(h) Able to predict the product produce correctly

Boleh meramal hasil dengan betul
3
Sample answer:
chlorine gas // Gas Klorin
(i) Able to classify correctly

Boleh mengelas dengan betul
Sample answer:
Electrolyte/ Elektrolit non- electrolyte /Bukan
elektrolit
Molten lead(II) chloride Benzene
Leburan Plumbum(II) klorida Benzena 3
Potassium carbonate solution Glucose solution

Larutan kalium karbonat Larutan glukosa
Molten naphthalene Leburan

naftalena
(j) (i)
Able to drawing and labelling correctly
Boleh melukis dan melabel dengan betul
Sample answer:

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(j) (ii) Able to state the changing correctly

Boleh menyatakan perubahan dengan betul
Sample answer:
Iron key coated with grey metal
Kunci besi disadur dengan logam kelabu
Soalan 3
(a) Able to state all the voltmeter readings accurately with correct unit
and 1 decimal place
Dapat menyatakan semua bacaan voltmeter dengan tepat beserta
unit dan 1 tempat perpuluhan
Sample answer:
3
L and Cu : 1.2 V
M and Cu : 1.8 V
N and Cu : 0.4 V
Q and Cu : 1.4 V
R and Cu : 2.6 V
(b) Able to construct a table to record the voltmeter reading for each
pair of metals that contain:
Dapat membina jadual untuk merekod bacaan voltmeter bagi setiap
pasangan logam yang mengandungi: 3
1. Correct titles with unit/Tajuk yang betul dengan unit

2. Readings/Bacaan

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Pair of metals Voltage, V

Pasangan logam Voltan, V
L and Cu 1.2
M and Cu 1.8
N and Cu 0.4
Q and Cu 1.4
R and Cu 2.6
(c) Able to state all the three variables correctly

Dapat menyatakan semua tiga pemboleh ubah
dengan betul
Sample answer:
Manipulated variable: Pairs of metals // L, M, N, Q, R and Cu
Pemboleh ubah Dimanipulasi : Pasangan logam // L, M, N, Q, R
dan Cu
Responding variable: Voltmeter / voltage reading//potential

difference 3
Pembolehubah bergerak balas : Bacaan voltmeter / bacaan voltan
// beza keupayaan
Constant variable: copper electrode, copper(II) sulphate

Solution//concentration of copper(II)
sulphate
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan : Elektrod kuprum, larutan
kuprum(II) sulfat // kepekatan larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

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(d) Able to state the relationship between the manipulated Variable
and the responding variable with direction.
Dapat menyatakan hubungan antara PU manipulasi dan PU
bergerak balas dengan arah
Sample answer: 3
The further/nearer/closer the distance of the pair of metals/ two
metals in the electrochemical series, the voltage/voltmeter reading
becomes greater/smaller
Semakin jauh/dekat jarak antara pasangan logam dalam Siri
Elektrokimia, semakin besar/kecil bacaan voltmeter
(e) Able to arrange all the metals accurately in ascending order
Dapat menyusun semua logam dengan tepat mengikut susunan
menaik
3
Sample answer:
Cu, N, L, Q, M, R
(f) Able to predict the voltage of the cells accurately in 1 decimal
place
Dapat meramal voltan dengan tepat dalam 1 tempat perpuluhan
Sample answer:
Pairs of metals Voltage
3
Pasangan logam Voltan
M and R 0.8
M and L 0.6
N and Q 1.0
(g) Able to classify all the substance correctly

Dapat mengelas semua bahan dengan betul
Sample answer:
3
Electrolyte Non-electrolyte
Elektrolit Bukan elektrolit
Sodium chloride Tetrachloromethane

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Natrium klorida Tetraklorometana
Silver nitrate Chloroform

Argentum nitrat Klorofom
Hydrochloric acid Glucose

Asid hidroklorik Glukosa

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KERTAS 3 MERANCANG EKSPERIMEN
1 (a) Able to state the problem statement correctly 3
Dapat menyatakan pernyataan masalah dengan betul.
Sampel jawapan:
Does the concentration of ‘named electrolyte’ affect the product at
anode?
Adakah kepekatan ‘elektrolit yang dinamakan’ mempengaruhi hasil
elektrolisis di anod?
(b) Able to state all the three variables correctly 3
Dapat menyatakan dua pemboleh ubah dengan betul
Sampel jawapan
Manipulated variable : Concentration of electrolyte
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi: Kepekatan elektrolit
Responding variable : Product at anode
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: Hasil di anod
Constant variable : Type of electrode//
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan : Jenis elektrod
(c) Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and 3
the responding variable with direction.
Dapat menyatakan hubungan di antara pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi
dan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas dan mempunyai arah
Sampel jawapan:
If concentrated sodium chloride solution is used, the product at anode
is chlorine gas, while if diluted sodium chloride solution is used, the
product at anode is oxygen gas
Jika larutan natrium klorida pekat digunakan hasil di anod ialah gas
klorin manakala jika larutan natrium klorida cair digunakan hasil di
anod ialah gas oksigen.
(d) Able to list all materials and apparatus 3

Dapat menyenaraikan bahan dan radas dengan lengkap
Sampel jawapan:

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Materials: Sodium chloride solution 0.001moldm-3 , Sodium chloride
solution 1.0 moldm-3
Bahan: Larutan natrium klorida 0.001moldm-3 , larutan natrium
klorida 1.0 moldm-3
Apparatus: Carbon electrode, Electrolytic cell, connecting wire with

crocodile clip, dry cell, test tube
Radas: Elektrod karbon, sel elektrolisis, elektrod karbon, wayar
penyambung dan klip buaya, sel kering, tabung uji
(e) Able to list all steps of procedure correctly 3
Dapat menyenaraikan semua langkah dengan betul
Prosedur/kaedah
1. Pour sodium chloride solution 0.001 moldm-3 half full into an
electrolysis cell until half full
Masukkan larutan natrium klorida 0.001 moldm-3 ke dalam sel
elektrolisis sehingga separuh penuh.
2. Put sodium chloride solution 0.001 moldm-3 into 2 small test tube
until full
Masukkan larutan natrium klorida 0.001 moldm-3 ke dalam 2
tabung uji kecil sehingga penuh.
3. Inverted the test tube contain the solution to both electrodes

Telangkupkan tabung uji yang berisi larutan kepada keduadua
elektrod
4. Connect both electrodes to dry cell and connecting wire with

crocodile clip
Sambungkan kedua-dua elektrod kepada sel kering dengan wayar
penyambung dan klip buaya.
5. Pemerhatian direkodkan.
Rekod the observation

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6. Steps 1 to 4 are repeated using sodium chloride solution 1.0

moldm-3
Langkah 1 hingga 4 diulang dengan menggunakan larutan natrium
klorida 1.0 moldm-3 .
(f) Able to construct table with this aspect 2’
Dapat membina jadual dengan aspek berikut
Concentration of electrolyte Observation at anode

Kepekatan elektrolit Pemerhatian di anod
(moldm-3)
0.001
1.0
SOALAN 2
Sampel jawapan:
Does the type of electrode affect the product at anode in electrolysis
of ‘named electrolyte’?
Adakah jenis elektrod mempengaruhi hasil elektrolisis di anod bagi
elektrolisis ‘elektrolit yang dinamakan’ ?
(b) Able to state all the three variables correctly
Sampel jawapan
Manipulated variable : Type of electrode
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi: Jenis elektrod
Responding variable : Product at anode
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: Hasil di anod

Constant variable : Concentration of electrolyte
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan : Kepekatan larutan

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(c) Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and
Dapat menyatakan hubungan di antara pemboleh ubah
dimanipulasi dan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas dan mempunyai
arah
Sampel jawapan:
If copper electrode is used, the product at anode is copper(II) ion,
while if carbon electrode is used, the product at anode is oxygen gas
Jika elektrod kuprum digunakan hasil di anod ialah ion kuprum(II)
manakala jika elektrod karbon digunakan hasil di anod ialah gas
oksigen.
(d) Able to list all materials and apparatus comp[lately

[Dapat menyenaraikan bahan dan radas dengan lengkap]
Sampel jawapan:
Bahan: Larutan kuprum(II) klorida 0.001mol dm-3
Radas
Elektrod karbon, elektrod kuprum, bikar, wayar penyambung dan
klip buaya, sel kering, tabung uji
(e) Able to list all steps of procedure correctly

Prosedur/kaedah
1. Pour copper(II) chloride solution 0.001 moldm-3 half full into
a beaker
Masukkan larutan natrium klorida 0.001 moldm-3 ke dalam bikar
sehingga separuh penuh.
2. Put copper(II) chloride solution 0.001 moldm-3 into 2 small

test tube until full
Masukkan larutan natrium klorida 0.001 moldm-3 ke dalam 2
tabung uji kecil sehingga penuh.

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3. Inverted the test tube contain the solution to both electrodes
Telangkupkan tabung uji yang berisi larutan kepada kedua-dua
elektrod
4. Connect both electrodes to dry cell and connecting wire with

crocodile clip
Sambungkan kedua-dua elektrod kepada sel kering dengan
wayar penyambung dan klip buaya.
5. Pemerhatian direkodkan.
Rekod the observation
6. Steps 1 to 4 are repeated using copper electrode

Langkah 1 hingga 4 diulang dengan menggunakan elektrod
kuprum
(f) Able to construct table with this aspect

Type of electrode Observation at anode

Jenis elektrod Pemerhatian di anod
Carbon
Karbon
Copper
Kuprum
SOALAN 3

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Sampel jawapan:
Sample answer
How does the distance between two metals in Electrochemical Series
affect the voltage?
(b) Able to state all the three variables correctly 3

Sampel jawapan
Manipulated variable
Distance of metals in ECS
Responding variable
Voltage / Potential difference
Constant variable
Type of electrolyte / metals as positive/negative electrode
(c) Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and 3
Dapat menyatakan hubungan di antara pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi
dan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas dan mempunyai arah
Sampel jawapan:
Sample answer:
The further apart the distance of two metals in ECS, the greater the
voltage
(d) Able to list all materials and apparatus comp[lately 3
Dapat menyenaraikan bahan dan radas dengan lengkap
Materials: Dilute sulphuric acid, copper strip, lead strip, iron strip,
aluminium strip and sand paper
Bahan : Asid sulfurik cair, kepingan kuprum, kepingan plumbum,
kepingan ferum, kepingan aluminium dan kertas pasir
Apparatus : Voltmeter, beaker and connecting wire with crocodile

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clip
Radas : Voltmeter, bikar dan wayar penyambung dengan klip buaya
(e) Able to list all steps of procedure correctly 3

1. Pour 100 cm 3 dilute sulphuric acid into a beaker

Masukkan 100 cm3 asid sulfurik ke dalam bikar
2. Clean all metals strip using sand paper

Bersih kesemua kepingan logam dengan kertas pasir
3. Dip aluminium strip and copper strip into dilute sulphuric

acid
Celupkan kepingan aluminium dan kepingan kuprum ke
dalam asid sulfurik cair
4. Connect both metals to a voltmeter
Sambungkan kedua-dua logam kepada voltmeter
5. Repeat the experiment by substituting aluminium strip with
zinc strip, iron strip and lead strip
Ulang eksperimen dengan menggantikan kepingan aluminium
dengan kepingan zink, kepingan besi dan kepingan plumbum
(f) Able to construct table with this aspect

Pair of metals Potential difference, V
Pasangan logam Beza keupayaan, V
Aluminium and copper
Zinc and copper
Iron and copper
Lead and copper

Set 3
Acids and Bases
Asid dan Bes
Salts
Garam
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TAJUK: ACID, BASES AND SALTS
Section A
Bahagian A
1. Table 1 shows the pH value of four solutions P, Q, R and U.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi larutan P, Q, R dan U.
Solution
P Q R U
Larutan
pH value
7 3 2 13
Nilai pH
Table 1
Jadual 1
(a) What is the meaning of pH value?

Apakah maksud nilai pH?
[1 mark]
(b) (i) Which solution has the lowest concentration of hydrogen ions?
Larutan manakah mempunyai kepekatan ion hidrogen yang paling rendah?
[1 mark]
(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda.
[1 mark]
(c) Which solution represents mineral water?
Larutan manakah mewakili air mineral?
[1 mark]
(d) Which solution is suitable as one of the reactants in making soap?
Larutan manakah sesuai sebagai bahan tindak balas dalam pembuatan sabun?
[1 mark]
(e) Solution Q reacts with solution U.
(i) Name the reaction between Q and U.

Namakan tindak balas antara Q dan U.
[1 mark]

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(ii) What will be produced from this reaction?
Apakah yang akan terhasil daripada tindak balas ini?
[1 mark]
(f) A piece of marble chips is added into a test tube containing solution R.
Seketul batu marmar ditambah ke dalam sebuah tabung uji berisi larutan R.
(i) Predict what will be observed in the test tube.

Ramalkan apa yang akan diperhatikan dalam tabung uji tersebut.
[1 mark]
(ii) Give reasons for your answer.
Berikan sebab bagi jawapan anda.
[2 marks]
2. Table 2 shows the observation of experiment I and experiment II that have been carried out in
the chemistry laboratory.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan pemerhatian untuk eksperimen I dan eksperimen II yang telah
dijalankan dalam makmal kimia.
Experiment Apparatus setup
Eksperimen Susunan radas
II
Table 2
Jadual 2

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(a) Suggest a name for solvent A dan B.
Cadangkan nama bagi pelarut A dan B.
[2 marks]
(b) State the type of particles in both experiments.
Nyatakan jenis zarah dalam kedua-dua experiment.
[2 marks]
(c) Give reason for your answer.
Beri sebab bagi jawapan anda.
[3 marks]
(d) State the observation when 1 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution is added into
the test tube in experiment I.
Nyatakan pemerhatian apabila 1 cm3 larutan argentum nitrat 0.5 mol dm-3ditambah ke
dalam tabung uji dalam eksperimen 1.
[1 mark]
(e) Write a chemical equation for the reaction in (d).
Tulis satu persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di (d).
[2 marks]

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3. Diagram 3 shows a flow chart with a series of chemical changes for solid P.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan carta alir tentang perubahan kimia bagi pepejal P.
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
(a) State the name of salt S.

Nyatakan nama garam S terbentuk.
[1 mark]
(b) Write the equation for reaction in process I?
Tulis persamaan tindak balas dalam proses I?
[2 marks]
(c) Suggest a suitable chemical substance to replace zinc.
Cadangkan satu bahan kimia yang sesuai untuk menggantikan zink.
[1 mark]
(d) Describe how crystal of salt S can be obtained through process II.
Terangkan bagaimana hablur garam S boleh didapati melalui proses II.
[2 marks]

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(e) Calculate the mass of zinc that reacted when 50 cm3 1 mol dm-3 nitric acid was used in
this experiment.
Hitung jisim zink yang telah bertindak balas apabila 50 cm3 1 mol dm-3 asid nitric
digunakan dalam eksperimen ini.
[Relative atomic mass/ Jisim atom relatif: Zn=65]
[3 marks]
4. Table 4 shows the pH values of two different alkali.

Jadual 4 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi dua alkali yang berbeza.
Alkali Concentration (mol dm-3) pH value

Alkali Kepekatan (mol dm-3) Nilai pH
Ammonia solution
0.1 11
Larutan amonia
Sodium hydroxide solution
0.1 13
Larutan natrium hidroksida
Table 4
Jadual 4
(a) What is the meaning of alkali?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan alkali?
[1 mark]
(b) Determine the strength of sodium hydroxide solution. Give your reasons.
Tentukan kekuatan larutan natrium hidroksida. Berikan alasan anda.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

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(c) What is the relationship between the pH value and the concentration of hydroxide ions?
Apakah hubungan di antara nilai pH dan kepekatan ion hidroksida?
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d) Compare the concentration of hydroxide ions in both solutions.

Bandingkan kepekatan ion hidroksida dalam kedua-dua larutan tersebut.
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e) An alkali reacts with an acid to form a solution with pH value of 7. Explain the
concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in the solution.
Suatu alkali bertindak balas dengan suatu asid untuk menghasilkan suatu larutan
dengan nilai pH 7. Jelaskan kepekatan ion hidrogen dan ion hidroksida dalam larutan
tersebut.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(f) Name two other substances used in daily life which have pH value greater than 7.
Namakan dua bahan lain yang digunakan dalam kehidupan seharian yang mempunyai
nilai pH lebih daripada 7.
______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

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5. A student added portions of an acid, HA to a conical flask containing 25.0 cm3 of 0.10 mol
dm-3 potassium hydroxide solution and a few drops of methyl orange. The acid is added until
the end point is reached. Diagram 5 shows the results obtained from the experiment.
Seorang pelajar menambahkan asid, HA ke dalam sebuah kelalang kon yang mengandungi
25.0 cm3 0.10 mol dm-3 larutan kalium hidroksida dan beberapa titis metil jingga. Asid
ditambah sehingga takat akhir dicapai. Rajah 5 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperolehi
daripada eksperimen.
pH
Diagram 5
Rajah 5
(a) Name the type of reaction occurred in the conical flask.

Namakan jenis tindak balas yang berlaku di dalam kelalang kon.
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) State the change in colour of the mixture at the end of the titration.
Nyatakan perubahan warna bagi campuran pada takat akhir pentitratan.
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

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(c) Name a suitable apparatus used to measure 10.0 cm3 of potassium hydroxide solution.
Namakan satu radas yang sesuai untuk menyukat 10.0 cm3 larutan kalium hidroksida.
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d) Write a chemical equation for the above reaction.

Tuliskan satu persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di atas.
______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(e) What volume of acid was needed to neutralise the alkali?

Berapakah isi padu asid yang diperlukan untuk meneutralkan alkali tersebut?
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f) Calculate the concentration of acid HA in mol dm-3.

Kira kepekatan asid HA dalam mol dm-3.
[3 marks]
(g) Suggest a way, other than methyl orange, by which the student could follow the pH
changes during the reaction.
Cadangkan satu cara, selain daripada metil jingga, yang mana pelajar tersebut boleh
mengukur perubahan pH semasa tindak balas berlaku.
[1 mark]

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Section B
Bahagian B
1. (a) Diagram 1 shows the flow chart of a series of chemical changes of substance P.
Substance P is green before heating. Solid Q formed is black.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan carta alir siri perubahan kimia pepejal P. Bahan P
bewarna hijau sebelum pemanasan. Pepejal Q berwarna hitam terbentuk.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
(i) Name substance P, solid Q and gas R. Write a chemical reaction to show the
formation of solid Q and gas R.
Namakan bahan P, pepejal Q dan gas R. Tulis persamaan kimia untuk
menunjukkan pembentukan pepejal Q dan gas R.
[5 marks]
(ii) Draw a labelled diagram of the set-up of apparatus for the chemical reaction of
converting substance P to solid Q and gas R. In your diagram show how gas R is
tested.
Lukis rajah susunan radas berlabel bagi tindak balas kimia penukaran bahan P
kepada pepejal Q dan gas R. Tunjukkan bagaimana gas R diuji dalam rajah
anda.
[4 marks]

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(b) Solution U and V are the products from reactions in Diagram 1.
Larutan U dan V adalah hasil tindak balas daripada tindak balas dalam Rajah 1.
(i) Name the possible cation in both solutions.

Namakan kation yang mungkin bagi kedua-dua larutan.
[1 mark]
(ii) Describe the confirmatory test for the cation mentioned in b(i)
Terangkan ujian pengesahan bagi kation yang dinyatakan dalam b(i).
Your description should include:

● Materials
● Procedure
● Observation
Penerangan anda hendaklah merangkumi:

● Bahan
● Prosedur
● Pemerhatian
[10 marks]
2. (a) Diagram 2 shows two beakers containing pure glacial ethanoic acid and 1 mol dm-3
of aqueous ethanoic acid respectively.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan dua bikar yang mengandungi asid etanoik glasial dan akueus
asid etanoik 1 mol dm-3.
Describe a chemical test to differentiate between the two substances.

Terangkan satu ujian kimia untuk membezakan dua bahan tersebut.
[6 marks]
[6 marks]

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(b) In an experiment, 25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 of sulphuric acid is required to
neutralise 25 cm3 of sodium hydroxide. Write the chemical equation and calculate
the concentration of sodium hydroxide used in this experiment.
Dalam satu eksperimen, 25 cm3 asid sulfurik 0.2 mol dm-3 diperlukan untuk
meneutralkan 25 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida. Tulis persamaan kimia dan
hitung kepekatan larutan natrium hidroksida yang digunakan dalam eksperimen
ini.
[4 marks]
(c) (i) Lead(II) carbonate decomposes when heated as shown in the following chemical
equation.
Plumbum(II) karbonat terurai apabila dipanaskan seperti persamaan berikut.
PbCO3 PbO + Gas A
Based on the above chemical equation,

● state two observations
● explain how you confirm the presence of gas A
Berdasarkan persamaan di atas,

● nyatakan dua pemerhatian
● terangkan bagaimana anda mengesahkan kehadiran gas A
[6 marks]
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in (c)(i). Then, calculate the
mass of lead(II) oxide formed when 2.67g of lead(II) carbonate is completely
heated.
Tulis satu persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas di (c)(i). Kemudian,
hitung jisim lead(II) oksida terhasil apabila 2.67g plumbum(II) karbonat
dipanaskan dengan lengkap.
[Relative atomic mass/ Jisim atom relatif: C, 14; O, 16; Pb 207]
[4 marks]

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Section C
Bahagian C
1. (a) You are required to prepare 500 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 standard solution of sodium
carbonate.
[Relative atomic mass: C, 12; O, 16; Na, 23]
Anda dikehendaki menyediakan 500 cm3 0.5 mol dm-3 larutan piawai natrium
karbonat.
(i) [Jisim atom relatif: C, 12; O, 16; Na, 23]
What is meant by standard solution?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan larutan piawai?
[1 mark]
(ii) Describe how you can prepare the 500 cm3 standard solution in the laboratory. In
your description, include the calculation involved.
Terangkan bagaimana anda boleh menyediakan 500 cm3 larutan piawai tersebut
dalam makmal. Dalam huraian anda, sertakan pengiraan yang terlibat.
[12 marks]
(b)
The pH values of different acidic solutions of the same concentration depend on
its degree of ionisation.
Nilai pH yang berbeza bagi larutan asid yang mempunyai kepekatan asid yang
sama bergantung kepada darjah pengionan asid tersebut.
Using two named acids of different degree of ionisation, explain the above
statement.
Dengan menggunakan dua asid yang berbeza darjah pengionan, terangkan
pernyataan di atas.
[7 marks]

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2. (a) (i) What is the meaning of salt based on neutralisation reaction?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan garam berdasarkan tindak balas peneutralan?
[1 mark]
(ii) 2HX(aq) + QY2(aq) QX2(s) + 2HY(aq)

2HX(ak) + QY2(ak) QX2(p) + 2HY(ak)
Given a chemical equation for the reaction between acid with the formula of HX
and ionic compound with the formula of QY2 as shown above. State four
statements that could describe the equation. Suggest one acid that is represented
by HX and one ionic compound that is represented by QY2.
Diberi persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara asid yang berformula HX dan
sebatian ion yang berformula QY2 seperti di atas. Nyatakan empat pernyataan
yang dapat menghuraikan persamaan itu. Cadangkan satu asid yang diwakilkan
oleh HX dan satu sebatian ion yang diwakili oleh QY2.
[6 marks]
(b) (i) Lead(II) sulphate is insoluble in water. Describe how you can prepare lead(II)
sulphate in the laboratory. In your description, include the chemical equation
involved.
Plumbum(II) sulfat adalah tidak larut dalam air. Huraikan bagaimana anda
boleh menyediakan plumbum(II) sulfat dalam makmal. Dalam huraian anda,
sertakan persamaan kimia yang terlibat.
[10 marks]
(ii) Using the salt you have prepared in (b)(i), describe a chemical test to confirm the
presence of the anion present in the salt.
Dengan menggunakan garam yang anda telah sediakan dalam (b)(i), terangkan
satu ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan kehadiran anion dalam garam tersebut.
[3 marks]

4541
1. An experiment is carried out to determine the relationship between concentration of

hydroxide ion of an alkali and its pH value. The pH values of four sodium hydroxide
solutions with concentrations of 0.08 mol dm-3, 0.12 mol dm-3, 0.16 mol dm-3 and 0.20 mol
dm-3 respectively are measured by using a pH meter. Diagram 1 shows the reading of the pH
meter in each solution.
Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk menentukan hubungan antara kepekatan ion hidroksida
bagi suatu alkali dan nilai pH. Nilai pH bagi empat larutan natrium hidroksida dengan
kepekatan 0.08 mol dm-3, 0.12 mol dm-3, 0.16 mol dm-3 and 0.20 mol dm-3 masing-masing
telah ditentukan dengan menggunakan meter pH. Rajah 1 menunjukkan bacaan meter pH
bagi setiap larutan.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
(a) State the variables for this experiment.

Nyatakan pemboleh ubah bagi eksperimen ini.
(i)Manipulated variable:
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan:
______________________________________________________________________
(ii) Responding variable:

Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas:
______________________________________________________________________
(iii) Constant variable:

Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan:
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

4541
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(c) Based on Diagram 1, construct a table to record the results of this experiment.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1, bina jadual untuk mencatatkan keputusan bagi eksperimen ini.
[3 marks]
(d) Based on the results in (d), plot a graph of pH value against concentration of hydroxide
ions.
Berdasarkan keputusan di (d), plotkan graf nilai pH melawan kepekatan ion hidroksida.
[3 marks]
(e) Based on the graph, determine the pH value if the concentration of sodium hydroxide
solution used is 0.24 mol dm-3?
Berdasarkan graf, tentukan nilai pH sekiranya kepekatan larutan natrium hidroksida
yang digunakan ialah 0.24 mol dm-3?
_______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(f) Based on the results obtained, how does the pH value change when the concentration of
sodium hydroxide solution decreases?
Berdasarkan keputusan yang diperolehi, bagaimana perubahan nilai pH apabila
kepekatan larutan kalium hidroksida berkurangan?
_______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

4541
(g) State the changes in the concentration of hydroxide ions when the concentration of
sodium hydroxide solution decreases.
Nyatakan perubahan kepekatan ion hidroksida apabila kepekatan larutan natrium
hidroksida berkurangan.
_______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(h) What is the relationship between the concentration of the alkali and the pH value?
Apakah hubungan di antara kepekatan alkali dan nilai pH?
_______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(i) Predict the pH value of the ammonia solution with the concentration of 0.08 mol dm-3.
Ramalkan nilai pH bagi larutan ammonia yang mempunyai kepekatan 0.08 mol dm-3.
_______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(ii) Explain your answer.

Berikan penjelasan bagi jawapan anda.
_______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(h) Categorise the ions found in sodium hydroxide solution solution into positive and
negative ions.
Kategorikan ion yang terdapat dalam larutan natrium hidroksida kepada ion positif dan
negatif.
[3 marks]

4541
2 (a) 25.0 cm3 of potassium hydroxide solution is transferred into a conical flask. A few
drops of phenolphthalein is added and shaken well. Dilute nitric acid, 0.20 mol dm-3 is
added from a burette into the conical flask until the end point is reached.
The experiment is repeated two times to ensure accurate results are obtained. Diagram 2
shows the initial and final readings of the burette.
25.0 cm3 larutan kalium hidroksida dipindahkan ke dalam sebuah kelalang kon.
Beberapa titis fenolftalein dimasukkan dan digoncang dengan sekata. Asid nitrik cair,
0.20 mol dm-3 dimasukkan dari buret ke dalam kelalang kon sehingga mencapai takat
akhir.
Eksperimen diulangi sebanyak dua kali untuk memastikan keputusan yang jitu
diperolehi. Rajah 2 menunjukkan bacaan awal dan akhir bagi buret.
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
Record the initial and final readings of burette for each titration in the spaces provided
in the above diagram.
Rekodkan bacaan awal dan bacaan akhir buret bagi setiap pentitratan dalam ruangan
yang disediakan dalam rajah di atas.
[3 marks]

4541
(b) Construct a table and record the initial reading, final reading and the volume of nitric
acid used.
Bina sebuah jadual dan rekod bacaan awal, bacaan akhir dan isi padu asid nitrik yang
digunakan.
[3 marks]
(c) State one observation when the end point in the titration is reached.
Nyatakan satu pemerhatian apabila takat akhir telah dicapai dalam pentitratan
tersebut.
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(d) Determine the average volume of nitric acid used for the titration.
Tentukan purata isi padu asid nitrik yang diperlukan dalam pentitratan tersebut.
[3 marks]
-3
(e) Calculate the concentration in mol dm of the potassium hydroxide solution.
Kira kepekatan dalam mol dm-3 larutan kalium hidroksida.
[3 marks]
(f) State the operational definition of end point in this experiment.
Nyatakan definisi operasi takat akhir dalam eksperimen ini.
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

4541
(g) The experiment was repeated using sulphuric acid, 0.2 mol dm-3. Predict the volume of
sulphuric acid required for the titration.
(i)
Eksperimen tersebut diulangi dengan menggunakan asid sulfurik, 0.2 mol dm-3.
Ramalkan isi padu asid sulfurik yang diperlukan untuk pentitratan tersebut.
_____________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(h) In another experiment, 20 cm3 of 0.01 mol dm-3 barium hydroxide solution is poured
into 15 cm3 of 0.05 mol dm-3 nitric acid in a beaker and stirred well until no further
(i)
change occurs. State one observation when a small amount of magnesium powder is
added to the resulting solution.
Dalam eksperimen lain, 20 cm3 of 0.01 mol dm-3 larutan barium hidroksida dituang ke
dalam 15 cm3 of 0.05 mol dm-3 asid nitrik dalam sebuah bikar dan dikacau dengan
sekata sehingga tiada perubahan yang berlaku. Nyatakan satu pemerhatian apabila
kuantiti kecil serbuk magnesium ditambah ke dalam larutan yang terhasil.
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(i) Categorise the following acids into strong acid or weak acid.
Kategorikan asid berikut kepada asid kuat atau asid lemah.
Nitric acid Hydochloric acid Sulphuric acid Ethanoic acid

Asid nitrik Asid hidroklorik Asid sulfurik Asid etanoik
[3 marks]

4541
3 (a) An experiment to construct an ionic equation for the formation of precipitate of lead
chromate(VI). 5 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium chromate(VI) solution is poured into
every tube as shown in Diagram 3.1
Satu eksperimen untuk membina persamaan ion bagi pembentukan mendakan plumbum
chromate(VI). 5 cm3 larutan kalium kromat(VI) 0.5 mol dm-3 dituang ke dalam setiap
tabung uji seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.1.
A B C D E F G H
Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1
1 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate solution is added to the first test tube, 2 cm3 to
the second test tube and so on until the eighth test tube as shown in Diagram 3.2.
1 cm3 larutan plumbum(II) nitrat 0.5 mol dm-3 ditambah ke dalam tabung uji pertama,
2 cm3 ke dalam tabung uji kedua dan seterusnya sehingga 8 cm3 ke dalam tabung uji
kelapan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.2.

4541

4541
(a) Diagram 3.2 shows eight test tubes of the above experiment. Measure the height of the
precipitate using your own ruler and record the answer in the above diagram.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan lapan tabung uji daripada eksperimen di atas. Ukur ketinggian
mendakan dengan menggunakan pembaris anda dan rekodkan jawapan dalam rajah di
atas.
[3 marks]
(b) Construct a table to record the volume of 0.5 mol dm-3 of potassium chromate(VI)
solution added and the height of precipitate produced for all the test tubes.
Bina satu jadual untuk merekod isi padu larutan kalium kromat(VI) 0.5 mol dm-3 dan
tinggi mendakan yang terbentuk dalam semua tabung uji.
[3 marks]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(d) For this experiment, state:

The manipulated variable

Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan
The responding variable

The constant variable

Pembolehubah dimalarkan
[3 marks]

4541
(e) Using the volume of potassium chromate(VI) solution, K2CrO4 in 3(b), calculate the
number of moles of lead (II) ions, Pb2+ and chromate(VI) ion required for the formation
of lead(II) chromate(VI) in a complete reaction.
Dengan menggunakan isi padu larutan kalium kromat(VI), K2CrO4 dalam 3(b),
hitungkan bilangan mol ion plumbum(II), Pb2+ dan ion kromat(VI) yang diperlukan
untuk pembentukan plumbum(II) kromat(VI) dalam tindak balas yang lengkap.
[3 marks]
(f) Based on 3(e), determine the ratio of mol of lead(II) ions, Pb2+ and chromate (VI) ion to
form 1 mol of lead(II) chromate(VI). Hence, write an ionic equation for the formation of
lead(II) chromate(VI).
Berdasarkan 3(e), tentukan nisbah bilangan mol ion plumbum(II), Pb2+ dan ion
kromat(VI) untuk membentuk 1 mol plumbum(II) kromat(VI). Seterusnya, tulis satu
persamaan ion untuk pembentukan plumbum(II) kromat(VI)
[3 marks]
(g) State the observation in this experiment.
Nyatakan pemerhatian di dalam eksperimen ini.
[3 marks]
(h) State the inference for the observation.

Nyatakan inferens untuk pemerhatian ini.
[3 marks]

4541
(i) The precipitate in test tubes A, B, C, D and E are collected and weighed. The mass of
precipitate in each test tube is shown in the table below.
Mendakan tabung uji A, B, C, D dan E dikumpulkan dan ditimbang. Jisim mendakan
dalam setiap tabung uji diberi dalam jadual seperti di bawah.
Volume of 0.5 mol dm3 of potassium

chromate(VI) solution /cm3 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
Isi padu larutan kalium kromat(VI) 0.5 mol dm-3
Mass of precipitate/ g
0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18
Jisim mendakan/ g
State the relationship between volume of potassium chromate(VI) solution with the
mass of precipitate produced.
Nyatakan hubungan di antara isi padu larutan kalium kromat(VI) dengan jisim
mendakan.
[3 marks]
(j) Predict the mass of precipitate if 10 cm3 of 11 mol dm-3 of potassium chromate(VI)
solution, K2CrO4 is poured into test tube H which contain 5.0 cm3 of 11 mol dm-3 of
lead(II) nitrate solution.
Ramalkan jisim mendakan jika 10 cm3 larutan kalium kromat(VI), K2CrO4
1 mol dm-3 di tuangkan ke dalam tabung uji H yang mengandungi 5.0 cm3 larutan
plumbum(II) nitrat 1 mol dm-3.
[3 marks]
(k) Given a list of substances as shown below.
Diberi senarai bahan seperti di bawah.
Sodium sulphate Magnesium carbonate Lead (II) sulphate Silver nitrate

Natrium sulfat Magnesium karbonat Plumbum (II) sulfat Argentum nitrat
Classify the compounds into soluble salts and insoluble salts in water.
Kelaskan sebatian tersebut kepada garam larut dan garam tak larut dalam air.
[3 marks]

4541
1 Diagram 1 shows the conversation between three students.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan perbualan antara tiga orang murid.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
Based on Diagram 1, without using pH meter, plan one laboratory experiment to

determine the role of water to exhibit the properties of acid.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1, tanpa menggunakan meter pH rancang satu eksperimen makmal
untuk menentukan fungsi air bagi menunjukkan sifat asid.


Pernyataan masalah

Semua pembolehubah



Prosedur eksperimen

Penjadualan data
[17 marks]

4541
2 Acid X and acid Y are monoprotic acids. Diagram 2 shows the pH values of acids X and Y
having the same concentration.
Asid X dan asid Y merupakan asid monoprotik. Rajah 2 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi asid X
dan Y yang mempunyai kepekatan yang sama.
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
Based on Diagram 2, using calcium carbonate and suitable acid to plan one laboratory
experiment to compare the strength of monoprotic acid.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2, dengan menggunakan kalsium karbonat dan contoh asid yang
sesuai, rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk membandingkan kekuatan bagi asid
monoprotik.


Pernyataan masalah

Semua pembolehubah



Prosedur eksperimen

Penjadualan data
[17 marks]

4541
3 Diagram 3 shows eight test tubes containing lead(II) chloride precipitate. This precipitate is
formed from the reaction between sodium chloride solution and lead(II) nitrate solution.
Lead(II) chloride is an insoluble salt.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan lapan tabung uji yang mengandungi mendakan plumbum(II) klorida.
Mendakan ini terhasil daripada tindak balas antara larutan larutan natrium klorida dan
larutan plumbum(II) nitrat. Plumbum(II) klorida adalah garam tak terlarut.
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
Based on Diagram 3, plan one laboratory experiment to construct the ionic equation for
the formation of lead(II) chloride.
Berdasarkan Rajah 3, rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk membina persamaan ion
bagi pembentukan plumbum(II) klorida .


Pernyataan masalah

Semua pembolehubah



Prosedur eksperimen

Penjadualan data
[17 marks]

SKEMA
SET 3: ACID, BASES AND SALTS/ ASID, BES DAN GARAM
KERTAS 2
Section A
Bahagian A
a The pH value is a measurement of the acidity or alkalinity of a 1

solution.
1
Nilai pH adalah sukatan keasidan atau kealkalian sesuatu
larutan.
b (i) R 1
(ii) The higher the concentration of hydrogen ions, the lower the 1
pH value.
Semakin tinggi kepekatan ion hidrogen, semakin rendah nilai
pH.
c P 1
d U 1
e (i) Neutralisation 1
Peneutralan
(ii) Salt and water 1
Garam dan air
f (i) Colourless gas bubbles produced. 1
Gelumbung gas tak bewarna terhasil.
(ii) Solution R is an acid which produces carbon dioxide gas when 1 +1
it reacts with marble chips.
Larutan R adalah asid yang akan menghasilkan gas karbon
dioksida apabila bertindak balas dengan marmar.
TOTAL MARKS 10

a A: Water/ Air 1
B : Tetrachlorometane /Tetraklorometana
2
(any suitable organic solvent)
b A: Ion 1
Ion
B: Molecule 1
Molekul
c Hydrogen chloride ionises completely in water to form 1

hydrogen ion 1
Hydrogen chloride does not ionise in tetrachloromethane to
form hydrogen ion. It exists as a molecule. 1
Hidrogen klorida mengion secara lengkap dalam air 1

membentuk ion hidrogen. 1
Hidrogen klorida tidak mengion dalam tetraklorometana
membentuk ion hidrogen. Ia wujud sebagai molekul. 1
d White precipitate is formed. 1

Mendakan putih terhasil.
e MgCl2 + 2AgNO3 🡪 Mg(NO3)2 + 2AgCl 2
TOTAL MARKS 10
a Zinc nitrate 1
3 Zink nitrat
b Zn + 2HNO3 🡪 Zn(NO3)2 + H2 1
c Zinc oxide / Zinc carbonate 1
Zink oksida/ Zink karbonat
d The solution of S is evaporated until saturated and cooled to 1
room temperature for crystallization.
The contents are filtered to obtain crystal S. 1
The crystal S are pressed between filter papers to be dried. 1
Larutan S disejat sehingga tepu dan disejukkan ke suhu bilik

untuk penghabluran berlaku.
Kandungan dituras untuk mendapatkan hablur S.
Hablur S ditekan di antara kertas turas untuk dikeringkan.

50×1
e Mole of nitric acid = 1000
= 0.05 mole 1
50×1
Bilangan mol asid nitrik = 1000
= 0.05 mol
1 mole of zinc reacted completely with 1 mole of nitric acid

0.05 mole of zinc reacted completely with 0.05 mole of nitric 1
acid
1 mol zink bertindak balas lengkap dengan 1 mol asid nitrik.
0.05 mol zink bertindak balas lengkap dengan 0.05 mol asid
nitrik
Mass of zinc = 0.05 × 65 = 3.25 g

1
Jisim zink = 0.05 × 65 = 3.25 g
TOTAL MARKS 10
a An alkali is a chemical substance which ionises completely in water 1

4 to produce hydroxide ions.
Suatu alkali ialah bahan kimia yang mengion secara lengkap dalam
air untuk menghasilkan ion hidroksida.
b Sodium hydroxide solution is a strong alkali. 1
Sodium hydroxide solution ionises completely in water to produce a
1
high concentration of hydroxide ions. 1
Larutan natrium hidroksida ialah alkali kuat.
Larutan natrium hidroksida mengion secara lengkap dalam air
untuk menghasilkan kepekatan ion hidroksida yang tinggi.
c The higher the concentration of hydroxide ions, the higher the pH 1
value.
Lebih tinggi kepekatan ion hidroksida, lebih tinggi nilai pH.
d Ammonia solution has a lower concentration of hydroxide ions 1
compared to sodium hydroxide solution.
Larutan ammonia mempunyai kepekatan ion hidroksida yang lebih
rendah berbanding dengan larutan natrium hidroksida.

e 1 mole of water molecules undergo partial ionisation to produce 1 1

mole of hydrogen ions and1 mole of hydroxide ions.
The concentration of hydrogen ions is equal to the concentration of 1
hydroxide ions.
Satu molekul air mengion separa untuk menghasilkan satu mol ion
hidrogen dan satu mol ion hidroksida.
Kepekatan ion hidrogen adalah sama dengan kepekatan ion
hidroksida.
f Toothpaste and detergent. 2
Any other suitable answers.
Ubat gigi dan detergen.
Jawapan lain yang sesuai.
TOTAL MARKS 10
a Neutralisation 1
5 Peneutralan
b Yellow to orange 1
Kuning kepada jingga
c pipette 1
Pipet
d HA + KOH → H2O + KA 2
e 7 cm3 1
f Number of moles of KOH 1
Bilangan mol KOH =
MV 0.10 (25)
1000
= 1000 = 0.0025 mol
From the equation, 1 mole of KOH neutralises 1 mole of HA.

Daripada persamaan, 1 mol KOH meneutralkan 1 mol HA.0.0025
moles of KOH neutralises 0.0025 moles of HA. 1
0.0025 mol KOH meneutralkan 0.0025 mol HA
.
Concentration of HA
Kepekatan HA
0.0025 1
7/1000
= 0.36 mol dm-3
g pH meter. 1
TOTAL MARKS 10

Section B
Bahagian B
a (i) P: Copper(II) carbonate 1

Q: Copper(II) oxide 1
1
R: Carbon dioxide 1
P: Kuprum(II) karbonat
Q: Kuprum(II) oksida
R: Karbon dioksida
(ii)
Label P and lime water : 1 +1 1

Label Heat : 1 1
Position of delivery tube correct: 1 1
1
Label P dan air kapur: 1 + 1
Label Panaskan : 1
Kedudukan salur penghantar betul - 1
b (i) Copper(II) ion 1

Ion kuprum(II)
(ii) Materials: Sodium hydroxide solution/ aqueous ammonia 2
solution, solution U/V
Procedure:
1. 2 cm3 of solution U/V is measured and poured into a test 1
tube.
2. 3 drops of sodium hydroxide solution are added into the 1
test tube.
3. The mixture is shaken. 1
4. The changes are recorded. 1
5. Sodium hydroxide solution is then added drop by drop 1
until in excess.
6. The changes are recorded. 1

Observation:
Blue precipitate insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide solution 1
Or
Blue precipitate soluble in excess aqueous ammonia solution 1
to form a dark blue solution.
Note: Can use aqueous ammonia solution,

Bahan: Larutan natrium hidroksida/ Larutan akueus ammonia 2
Prosedur; 1
1. 2 cm3 larutan U/V disukat dan dituang ke dalam sebuah
tabung uji. 1
2. 3 titik larutan natrium hidroksida/ larutan akueus
ammonia ditambah ke dalam tabung uji tersebut. 1
3. Campuran digoncang. 1
4. Perubahan dicatatkan. 1
5. Larutan natrium hidroksida/ larutan akueus ammonia
kemudian ditambah setitik demi setitik sehingga berlebihan
ke dalam tabung uji. 1
6. Perubahan dicatatkan.
Pemerhatian: 1
Mendakan biru tidak larut dalam larutan natrium hidroksida
berlebihan. 1
Atau
Mendakan biru larut dalam larutan akueus ammonia
berlebihan menghasilkan larutan biru tua.
TOTAL MARKS 20
a 1. 2 cm3 of pure glacial ethanoic acid and 1 mol dm-3 of 1

aqueous ethanoic acid are poured into two dry test tubes
2
respectively.
2. A small piece of marble/ magnesium/ zinc is put into the 1
test tubes. The changes are recorded.
3. If effervescence occurs, then the substance tested is 1 mol 1+1
dm-3 of aqueous ethanoic acid.
4. If no effervescence occurs, then the substance tested is pure 1 +1
glacial ethanoic acid.
1. 2 cm3 asid etanoik glasial dan akueus asid etanoik 1 mol 1

dm-3 masing-masing dituang ke dalam dua tabung uji
kering.
2. Sebutir kecil marmar/ magnesium/ zinc dimasukkan dalam 1
tabung uji tersebut. Perubahan direkodkan.
3. Jika pembuakan gas berlaku, maka larutan itu adalah 1+1
akueus asid etanoik 1 mol dm-3.
4. Jika pembuakan gas tidak berlaku, maka larutan itu ialah 1 +1

asid etanoik glasial.
b Chemical equation:
1
2NaOH + H2SO4 🡪 Na2SO4 + 2H2O
2 moles of NaOH reacted completely with 1 mole of H2SO4 1
2 mol of NaOH reacted completely with 1 mole of H2SO4
M = concentration/ kepekatan NaOH,

1
M ×25 2
0.2 ×25 = 1
1
= 0.4 mol dm-3
c (i) 1. Brown solid when it is hot, yellow when it is cold. 1+1
2. Colour gas 1
3. Gas A produced is delivered into a test tube containing 1
lime water.
4. Lime water turns chalky show carbon dioxide gas is 1 +1
formed.
1. Pepejal perang semasa panas kepada pepejal kuning 1+1

semasa sejuk terbentuk.
2. Gas tak berwarna terhasil. 1
3. Gas A terhasil disalur ke dalam tabung uji yang 1
mengandungi air kapur.
4. Air kapur menjadi keruh menunjukan gas karbon dioksida 1 +1
terbentuk.
(ii) 2Pb(NO3)2 2PbO + 4NO2 + CO2 1

3.31
Mole of lead(II) nitrate = 331
= 0.01 mole 1
3.31
Bilangan mol plumbum(II) nitrat = 331
= 0.01 mol
2 moles of lead(II) nitrate reacted completely to from 2 moles

of lead(II) oxide 1
0.01 mole of lead(II) nitrate reacted completely to from 0.01
mole of lead(II) oxide
2 mol plumbum(II) nitrat bertindak balas lengkap
menghasilkan 2 mol plumbum(II) oksida
0.01 mol plumbum(II) nitrat bertindak balas lengkap
menghasilkan 0.01 mol plumbum(II) oksida
Mass of lead(II) oxide = 0.01 × (207 + 16) = 2.23 g

1
Jisim plumbum(II) oksida = 0.01 × (207 + 16) = 2.23 g
TOTAL MARKS 20

Section C
Bahagian C
Questions Rubrics Mark

s
a (i) A solution in which its concentration is accurately known. 1

1 Suatu larutan di mana kepekatannya diketahui secara tepat.
(ii) Number of moles of Na2CO3 = MV/1000
= 0.5 (500/1000)
1
= 0.25 mol 1
Mass of Na2CO3 = 0.25 x [2(23) + 1(12) + 3(16)]
= 0.25 x 106 1
= 26.5 g
1
Weigh 26.5 g of solid sodium carbonate using the electronic

1
balance.
Timbang 26.5g pepejal natrium karbonat menggunakan
penimbang elektronik.
Add 100 cm3 of distilled water to the solid sodium carbonate in 1

a beaker.
Tambahkan 100 cm3 air suling ke dalam pepejal natrium
karbonat di dalam sebuah bikar.
Stir the mixture with a glass rod until all the solid sodium
1
carbonate has dissolved completely.
Kacau campuran tersebut rod kaca sehingga pepejal natrium
karbonat larut sepenuhnya.
By using a filter funnel, transfer the sodium carbonate solution 1

into a 500 cm3 volumetric flask.
Dengan menggunakan corong turas, pindahkan larutan
natrium karbonat ke dalam kelalang volumetrik 500 cm3.

Rinse the beaker with distilled water. Make sure all the
1
remaining solution is transferred into the volumetric flask.
Bilas bikar tersebut dengan air suling. Pastikan kesemua air
bilasan dipindahkan ke dalam kelalang volumetrik.
Then, rinse the filter funnel with distilled water. All the
remaining solution is transferred into the volumetric flask. 1
Kemudian, bilas corong turas dengan air suling. Pastikan
semua air bilasan dipindahkan ke dalam kelalang volumetrik.
Remove the filter funnel. Add distilled water until it reaches

1
the 500 cm3 calibration mark.
Alihkan corong turas tersebut. Tambahkan air suling sehingga
mencapai tanda senggatan 500 cm3.
Close the volumetric flask with a stopper. Invert the volumetric

flask a few times to obtain a homogenous solution. 1
Tutup kelalang volumetrik dengan penutup. Telangkupkan
kelalang volumetrik beberapa kali untuk mendapatkan larutan
homogen.
b Strong acid: Hydrochloric acid
Asid kuat: Asid hidroklorik
Weak acid: Ethanoic acid
Asid lemah: Asid etanoik
1
Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. It ionises completely in

water to produce a high concentration of hydrogen ions.
Asid hidroklorik ialah asid kuat. Ia mengion secara lengkap
dalam air untuk menghasilkan kepekatan ion hidrogen yang
1
tinggi.
HCl H+ + Cl-
1

The higher the concentration of hydrogen ions, the lower the

pH value. Hence, hydrochloric acid has a lower pH value.
Semakin tinggi kepekatan ion hidrogen, semakin rendah nilai
pH. Maka, asid hidroklorik mempunyai nilai pH yang lebih
1
rendah.
Ethanoic acid is a weak acid. It ionises partially in water to

produce a low concentration of hydrogen ions.
Asid etanoik ialah asid lemah. Ia mengion secara separa
1
dalam air untuk menghasilkan kepekatan ion hidrogen yang
rendah.
CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+ 1
The lower the concentration of hydrogen ion, the higher the pH

value. Hence, ethanoic acid has a higher pH value.
Semakin rendah kepekatan ion hidrogen, semakin tinggi nilai
pH. Maka, asid etanoik mempunyai nilai pH yang lebih tinggi.
1
TOTAL MARKS 20

a Salt is an ionic compound formed when hydrogen ion from an 1

2 acid is being replaced by metal ion or ammonium ion.
Garam ialah sebatian ion yang terhasil apabila ion hidrogen
daripada asid digantikan oleh ion logam atau ion ammonium.
Double decomposition reaction. 1
Tindak balas penguraian ganda dua.
HX solution reacts with QY2 solution to produce an insoluble

1
salt, QX2 and HY solution.
Larutan HX bertindak balas dengan larutan QY2 menghasilkan
garam tak terlarutkan QX2 dan larutan HY.
2 moles of HX reacts with 1 mole QY2 to produce 1 mole QX2 1

and 2 moles of HY.
2 mol HX bertindak balas dengan 1 mol QY2 untuk
menghasilkan 1 mol QX2 dan 2 mol HY.
1
X- ion reacts with Q2+ ions to produce QX2.
X- ion bertindak balas dengan Q2+ ions untuk menghasilkan
QX2.
HX is hydrochloric acid.
1
HX ialah asid hidroklorik.
QY2 is lead(II) nitrate solution.

1
QY2 adalah larutan plumbum(II) nitrat.
b i Substances needed are lead(II) nitrate solution and sodium 1
sulphate solution.
Bahan yang diperlukan ialah larutan plumbum(II) nitrat dan
larutan natrium sulfat.
Apparatus needed are beaker, filter funnel, filter paper and 1
glass rod.

Radas yang diperlukan ialah bikar, corong turas, kertas turas

dan rod gelas.
Measure 20 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate solution and 1
pour into a beaker.
Ukur 20 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 larutan plumbum(II) nitrat dan
tuangkan ke dalam sebuah bikar.
Measure 20 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sodium sulphate solution and 1
pour into the beaker containing lead(II) nitrate solution.
Ukur 20 cm3 0.5 mol dm-3 larutan natrium sulfat dan tuangkan
ke dalam bikar yang mengandungi larutan plumbum(II) nitrat.
Stir the mixture using a glass rod. 1
Kacau campuran tersebut dengan menggunakan rod kaca.
Filter the mixture. 1
Turaskan campuran tersebut.
Wash the residue with distilled water. 1
Cuci baki turasan menggunakan air suling.
Dry between sheets of filter paper. 1
Keringkan menggunakan beberapa helaian kertas turas.
2
Pb(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 PbSO4 + 2NaNO3
ii Excess dilute hydrochloric acid is poured into 2 cm3 of the salt 1

solution in a test tube.
Asid hidroklorik cair dituang ke dalam 2 cm3 larutan garam
tersebut di dalam sebuah tabung uji.
Then, add 2 cm3 of barium chloride solution into the test tube 1
and shake well.
Kemudian, tambahkan 2 cm3 larutan barium klorida ke dalam
tabung uji tersebut dan goncang dengan sekata.
A white precipitate is formed. 1
Mendakan putih terhasil.
TOTAL MARKS 20

SKEMA KERTAS 3 : ACID, BASES AND SALTS

SOALAN STRUKTUR
SOALAN 1
a i Molarity of aqueous alkali 1

Kemolaran alkali akueus
ii pH value 1
Nilai pH
iii pH meter, volume of sodium hydroxide solution 1
Meter pH, isi padu larutan natrium hidroksida
b When the molarity of the alkali increases, the pH value of the alkali 3
increases.
Apabila kemolaran alkali bertambah, nilai pH bagi suatu alkali
bertambah.
c 3
Molarity of sodium hydroxide solution pH value
(mol dm–3) Nilai pH
Kemolaran larutan natrium hidroksida(mol dm–3)
0.08 13.0
0.12 13.1
0.16 13.2
0.20 13.3
d 3
(e) 13.4 3

(f) When the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH 3

decreases, pH value decreases.
Apabila kepekatan larutan natrium hidroksida berkurangan, nilai
pH berkurangan.
(g) When the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution decreases, the 3
concentration of hydroxide ion decreases.
Apabila kepekatan larutan natrium hidroksida berkurangan,
kepekatan ion hidroksida berkurangan.
(h) When the concentration of alkali increases, pH value increases. 3
Apabila kepekatan alkali bertambah, nilai pH turut bertambah.
(i) (i) 11.5 (Accept any answer between 11 and 12). 3

11.5 (Terima jawapan di antara 11 dan 12).
(ii) Ammonia solution is a weak alkali. Ammonia solution ionises 3

partially to form low concentration of hydroxide ions. The
concentration of hydroxide ions in ammonia solution is lower than
concentration of hydroxide ions in sodium hydroxide solution. The
lower the concentration of hydroxide ions, the lower the pH value.
Larutan ammonia ialah alkali lemah. Larutan ammonia mengion

separa menghasilkan kepekatan ion hidroksida yang rendah.
Kepekatan ion hidroksida dalam larutan ammonia adalah lebih
rendah berbanding dengan kepekatan ion hidroksida dalam larutan
natrium hidroksida. Semakin rendah kepekatan ion hidroksida,
semakin rendah nilai pH.
(h) 3
Positive ions Negative ions
Sodium ion Hydroxide ion
Ion natrium Ion hidroksida
Hydrogen ion
Ion hidrogen
TOTAL MARKS 33
SOALAN 2

a Titration 1: 3
Pentitratan 1:
Initial reading = 0.10 cm3
Bacaan awal = 0.10 cm3
Final reading = 24.80 cm3
Bacaan akhir = 24.80 cm3
Titration 2:
Pentitratan 2:
Bacaan awal =24.80 cm3
Bacaan akhir = 24.80 cm3
Titration 3:
Pentitratan 3
Bacaan awal =1.00 cm3
Bacaan akhir =25.90 cm3
b
Titration
number
Bilangan
pentitratan 1 2 3
Burette
readings (cm3)
Bacaan buret (cm3)
Final reading 24.80 49.60 25.90
Bacaan akhir
Initial reading 0.10 24.80 1.00
Bacaan awal
Volume of nitric acid 24.70 24.80 24.90
used
Isi padu asid nitrik
yang digunakan

c The pink solution turns colourless. 3

Larutan merah jambu menjadi tanpa warna.
d Average volume of nitric acid = 24.70 + 24.80 + 24.90 3
Purata isi padu asid nitrik 3
3
= 24.80 cm
e M aV a 1 3
M bV b
= 1
0.2 (24.80) 1
M b(25.0)
= 1
Mb= 0.198 mol dm-3
f A point where the colour of the solution in the conical flask changes 3
from pink to colourless when nitric acid is titrated into the conical
flask containing potassium hydroxide solution.
Satu titik di mana warna larutan dalam kelalang kon berubah
daripada merah jambu kepada tanpa warna apabila asid nitrik
dititrat ke dalam kelalang kon yang mengandungi larutan kalium
hidroksida.
g i 12.40 cm3 3
ii Sulphuric acid is a strong diprotic acid where nitric acid is a strong 3
monoprotic acid.
Hence, the concentration of hydrogen ions in 0.2 mol dm-3 sulphuric
acid is twice the concentration of hydrogen ions in 0.2 mol dm-3
nitric acid.
Asid sulfurik ialah asid diprotik yang kuat manakala asid nitrik
adalah asid monoprotik yang kuat.
Maka, kepekatan ion hidrogen dalam 0.2 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik
adalah dua kali ganda kepekatan ion hidrogen dalam 0.2 mol dm-3
asid nitrik.
h i Bubbles of colourless gas are liberated. 3

Gelembung gas yang tidak berwarna dibebaskan.
ii Number of moles of barium hydroxide = 3

MV 0.01(20)
1000
= 1000 = 0.0002 mol
Bilangan mol barium hidroksida =
MV 0.01(20)
1000
= 1000 = 0.0002 mol
Number of moles of nitric acid =

MV 0.05(15)
1000
= 1000
= 0.00075 mol
Bilangan mol asid nitrik = MV/1000 =

0.05(15)
1000
= 0.00075 mol
Ba(OH)2 + 2HCl BaCl2 + 2H2O

1 mol 2 mol
Number of moles of hydrochloric acid required to neutralize 0.0002

mole of barium hydroxide =
0.0002×2
1
= 0.0004 mol
Bilangan mol asid hidroklorik yang diperlukan untuk meneutralkan
0.0002 mol barium hidroksida =
0.0002×2
1
= 0.0004 mol
Thus, nitric acid is in excess.

Jadi, asid nitrik adalah berlebihan.
Hence, the addition of magnesium powder to the resulting solution

will cause a reaction to occur between magnesium and the excess
nitric acid to liberate hydrogen gas.
Maka, penambahan serbuk magnesium kepada larutan yang terhasil
akan menyebabkan tindak balas berlaku antara magnesium dan
asid nitrik yang berlebihan untuk menghasilkan gas hidrogen.
i 3
Strong acid Weak acid
Asid kuat Asid lemah
Nitric acid Ethanoic acid
Asid nitrik Asid etanoik
Hydrochloric acid
Asid hidroklorik
Sulphuric acid
Asid sulfurik
TOTAL MARKS 33

SOALAN 3
(a) 1.6 cm, 2.1 cm, 2.8 cm 3.4 cm, 4.1cm, 4.1cm, 4.1 cm, 4.1 cm 3
(b) 3
Volume of potassium
chromate (VI) solution
(cm3) 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00
Isi padu larutan kalium
kromat(VI) (cm3)
Height of precipitate (cm)
Tinggi mendakan (cm)
1.3 1.9 2.3 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4
(c) As the volume potassium chromate(VI) added to lead(II) nitrate 3

solution increase, the height of precipitate will increase and then
constant .
Isi padu kalium kromat(VI) ditambah ke dalam larutan plumbum(II)
nitrat bertambah, tinggi mendakan meningkat dan kemudian malar.
(d) Volume of lead(Il) nitrate solution 3

Isi padu larutan plumbum(II) nitrat
Height of precipitate
Tinggi mendakan
Volume and concentration of potassium chromate(VI) solution,

concentration of lead(Il) nitrate solution, size of test tube
Isi padu dan kepekatan larutan kalium kromat(VI), kepekatan
larutan plumbum(II) nitrat, saiz tabung uji
(e) 5×0.5 3
Number of moles of lead(II) ions, Pb2+ = = 1000
= 0.0025 mole
Bilangan mol ion plumbum(II), Pb2+
5×0.5
Number of chromate(VI) ion = = 1000
= 0.0025 mole
Bilangan mol ion kromat(VI)
(f) Ratio of the number of mol of Pb2+ ion : chromate(VI) ion 3

Nisbah bilangan mol ion Pb2+ ion : ion kromat(VI)
= 0.0205 : 0.0025 = 1:1
Ionic equation : Pb2+ + Cr2O42- 🡪 PbCr2O42-

Persamaan ion
(g) The height of yellow precipitate in test tubes 1 to 5 increases, and 3

remains constant in test tubes 6 to 8.

Tinggi mendakan kuning dalam tabung uji 1 hingga 5 meningkat

dan kekal tidak berubah dalam tabung uji 6 hingga 8.
The solution above precipitate is yellow in test tubes 1 to 4,

colourless in test tubes 5 to 8.
Larutan di atas mendakan kuning dalam tabung uji 1 hingga 4,
tanpa warna dalam tabung uji 5 hingga 8.
(h) The yellow precipitate is lead(II) chromate(VI). 3
Mendakan kuning ialah plumbum(II) kromat(VI).
(i) When the volume potassium chromate(VI) solution increases, the 3
mass of precipitate produced increases.
Apabila isi padu larutan kalium kromat(VI) bertambah, ketinggian
mendakan dihasilkan juga bertambah
(j) 0.36 g 3
(k) 3
Soluble salts Insoluble salts
Garam larut Garam tak larut
Sodium sulphate Magnesium carbonate
Natrium sulfat Magnesium karbonat
Silver nitrate Lead (II) sulphate

Argentum nitrat Plumbum (II) sulfat
TOTAL MARKS 33

SOALAN 1
Rubrics Marks
a Does an acid need water to show its acidic properties? 3
Adakah asid memerlukan air untuk menunjukkan sifat keasidannya?
b Manipulated variable: Presence of water 1
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi: Kehadiran air
Responding variable: Change in colour of red litmus paper 1
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: Perubahan warna kertas litmus merah
Constant variable: Litmus paper 1
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan: Kertas litmus
c The presence of water shows acidic properties and absence of water does 3
not show acidic properties.
Kehadiran air membolehkan asid menunjukkan sifat asidny dan tanpa
kehadiran air, asid tidak dapat menunjukkan sifat asidnya.
d Materials : Glacial ethanoic acid, distilled water, propanone, red litmus 3
paper
Bahan: Asid etanoik glasial, air suling, propanon, kertas litmus merah
Apparatus: Test tubes
Radas: Tabung uji
e 1. Tuang 1 cm3 glacial ethanoic acid into a test tube. 3
Tuang 1 cm3 asid etanoik glasial ke dalam tabung uji.
2. Add 2 cm3 of distilled water into the test tube.
Tuangkan 2 cm3 air suling ke dalam tabung uji.
3. Add a strip of red litmus paper into the test tube.
Masukkan sejalur kertas litmus merah ke dalam tabung uji.
4. Record the colour change on red litmus paper.
Rekodkan perubahan warna pada kertas litmus merah.
5. Step 1- 4 are repeated by using propanone.
Ulangi langkah 1-4 dengan menggunakan propanon.
f 2
Materials Observation
Bahan Pemerhatian
Ethanoic acid in water
Asid etanoik dalam air
Ethanoic acid in propanon
Asid etanoik dalam propanon
TOTAL MARKS 17

SOALAN 2
Rubrics Marks
a Do all monoprotic acids have the same acid strength? 3
Adakah semua asid monoprotik mempunyai kekuatan asid yang sama?
b Manipulated variable: Nitric acid/ Hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid 1
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi: Asid nitrik/ asid hidroklorik dan asid etanoik
Responding variable: Rate of reaction
1
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: Kadar tindak balas
Constant variable: Volume and concentration of acid, calcium carbonate
1
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan: Isi padu dan kepekatan asid, kalsium karbonat
c When nitric acid/ hydrochloric acid is used, rate of reaction is higher 3

Apabila asid nitrik/ asid hidroklorik digunakan, kadar tindak balas adalah
tinggi
d Materials : 1.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid/ hydrochloric acid, 1.0 mol dm-3 ethanoic 3
acid, calcium carbonate
Bahan: Asid nitrik/ asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3, asid etanoik 1.0 mol
dm-3, kalsium karbonat
Apparatus: Test tube

Radas: Tabung uji
e 1. Pour 2 cm3 of nitric acid solution into a test tube. 3

Tuangkan 2 cm3 larutan asid nitrik ke sebuah tabung uji.
2. Add a piece of calcium carbonate into the test tube.
Masukkan sebutir kalsium karbonat ke dalam tabung uji.
3. Observe and record the rate of gas release.
Perhatikan dan direkodkan kadar pembebasan gas.
4. Steps 1- 3 are repeated by using ethanoic acid.
Ulangi langkah 1-3 dengan menggunakan asid etanoik.
f 2
Materials Observation
Bahan Pemerhatian
1.0 mol dm-3 nitric acid/ hydrochloric acid
Asid nitrik/ asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3
1.0 mol dm-3 ethanoic acid

Asid etanoik 1.0 mol dm-3
TOTAL MARKS 17

SOALAN 3
Rubrics Marks
a How to construct an ionic equation for the formation of lead(II) chloride? 3
Bagaimana untuk membina persamaan ion bagi pembentukan plumbum(II)
klorida?
b Manipulated variable: Volume of lead(II) nitrate solution 1
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi: Isipadu larutan plumbum(II) nitrat
Responding variable: Height of the precipitate 1
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: Tinggi mendakan
Constant variable: Volume and concentration of sodium chloride 1
solution/concentration of lead(II) nitrate solution/ size of test tube
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan: Isi padu dan kepekatan larutan natrium
klorida/ kepekatan larutan plumbum(II) nitrat/ saiz tabung uji
c When the volume of lead(II) nitrate solution increases, the height of the 3
precipitate increases.
Apabila isipadu larutan plumbum(II) nitrat bertambah, tinggi mendakan
turut bertambah.
d Materials : lead(II) nitrate solution (1.0 mol dm-3) 3
sodium chloride solution (1.0 mol dm-3)
Bahan: larutan plumbum(II) nitrat (1.0 mol dm-3)
larutan natrium klorida (1.0 mol dm-3)
Apparatus: Ruler, test tubes, test tube rack, stopper/glass rod, burette
Radas: Pembaris, tabung uji, rak tabung uji, penutup/rod kaca, buret
e 1. Label all the test tubes. Put the test tubes on a test tube rack. 3
Label kesemua tabung uji. Letak tabung tersebut pada rak tabung uji.
2. Pour 5 cm3 of sodium chloride solution into eight test tubes.

Tuangkan 5 cm3 larutan natrium klorida ke dalam kelapan-lapan tabung uji.
3. Pour 1 cm3 of lead(II) nitrate solution into the first test tube, 2 cm3 of
lead(II) nitrate solution into the second test tube until the 8th test tube with 8
cm3 of lead(II) nitrate solution.
Masukkan 1 cm3 larutan plumbum(II) nitrat ke dalam tabung uji pertama,
2 cm3 larutan plumbum(II) nitrat ke dalam tabung uji kedua sehingga
tabung uji ke lapan dengan 8 cm3 larutan plumbum(II) nitrat.
4. Shake the test tube.
Goncang tabung uji tersebut.
5. Leave the test tube.

Biarkan tabung uji tersebut.
6. Measure and record the height of precipitate.

Ukur dan rekod tinggi mendakan.
f 2
Volume of
lead(II)
nitrate
solution
(cm3) 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00
Isi padu
larutan
plumbum(II)
nitrat (cm3)
Height of
precipitate
(cm)
Tinggi
mendakan
(cm)
TOTAL MARKS 17

Set 4
Manufactured
Substances in Industry
Bahan Buatan Dalam
Industri
TAJUK : MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY /

BAHAN BUATAN DALAM INDUSTRI
Section A
Bahagian A
1. Sulphuric acid is produced through Contact Process. Diagram 1 shows the stages in the
Contact Process.
Asid sulfurik dihasilkan melalui Proses Sentuh. Rajah 1 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat
dalam Proses Sentuh.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
(a) (i) Substance Y is burnt in air to produce sulphur dioxide. Name substance Y.
Bahan Y dibakar di udara untuk menghasilkan sulfur dioksida. Namakan bahan Y.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) State the catalyst used at Stage II.

Nyatakan mangkin yang digunakan pada Peringkat II.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii) At stage III, sulphur trioxide is dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid to form
oleum. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
Pada peringkat III, sulfur trioksida dilarutkan dalam asid sulfurik pekat untuk
menghasilkan oleum. Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang untuk tindak balas ini.
__________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(b) Acid rain may cause damage to statues and buildings made from marble.
Hujan asid boleh menyebabkan kerosakan kepada tugu dan bangunan yang diperbuat
daripada marmar.

(i) State two effects of acid rain to the environment.

Nyatakan dua kesan hujan asid terhadap alam sekitar.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(ii) Name one main source of sulphur dioxide in the air.

Namakan satu punca utama sulfur dioksida dalam udara.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii) Suggest two ways to control and reduce the production of sulphur dioxide in the
air.
Cadangkan dua cara untuk mengawal dan mengurangkan penghasilan sulfur
dioksida dalam udara.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
2. Diagram 2 shows two sinks, sink A and sink B, made up of stainless steel and ceramics
respectively.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan dua sinki, sinki A dan sinki B, masing-masing diperbuat daripada
keluli nirkarat dan seramik.
Sink A / Sinki A Sink B / Sinki B

Diagram 2
Rajah 2
(a) Stainless steel is an example of alloy.

Keluli nirkarat merupakan satu contoh aloi.
(i) What is the meaning of alloy?
Apakah maksud aloi?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(ii) Beside iron, name two elements which are added to form stainless steel.
Selain besi, namakan dua unsur yang ditambahkan untuk membentuk keluli
nirkarat.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii) Draw the arrangement of atoms in:

Lukis susunan atom di dalam:
Stainless steel Iron

Keluli nirkarat Besi
[2 marks]
(iv) Explain why stainless steel is harder than iron.

Terangkan mengapa keluli nirkarat lebih keras berbanding besi.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(b) Sink B is made from a type of clay.

Sinki B diperbuat daripada sejenis tanah liat.
(i) Name the clay used to make ceramics.

Namakan tanah liat yang digunakan untuk membuat seramik.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) Name one example of an object that has the same properties as Sink B.
Namakan satu contoh objek yang mempunyai sifat yang sama dengan Sink B.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(c) Ahmad would like to buy a new sink for his kitchen. Which sink should he choose?
Ahmad ingin membeli sinki baru untuk dapurnya. Sinki mana yang harus dia pilih?
Terangkan jawapan anda.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
3. Table 3 shows three types of manufactured substances in the industry and their respective
examples.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan tiga jenis bahan pembuatan dalam industri dan contoh
masing-masing.
Type of manufactured substances Example

Jenis bahan buatan Contoh
Ceramic Cooking pots
Seramik Periuk masak
S Polystyrene
Polistirena
Glass Glass T
Kaca Kaca T
Table 3
Jadual 3
(a) Manufactured substance S is used widely in the plastic industry.
Bahan buatan S digunakan secara meluas dalam industri plastik.
(i) Name the type of manufactured substance S.

Namakan jenis bahan buatan S.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) Draw the structural formula for monomer of polystyrene.

Lukis formula struktur monomer bagi polistirena.
[1 mark]

(b) Plastic containers which are not properly disposed of will cause environmental
pollution problems. Suggest two ways to solve the problems.
Bekas plastik yang tidak dibuang dengan betul akan menyebabkan masalah
pencemaran alam sekitar. Cadangkan dua cara bagi mengatasi masalah tersebut.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(c) (i) Ceramics are made from clay such as kaolin. State one element found in kaolin.
Seramik diperbuat daripada tanah liat seperti kaolin. Nyatakan satu unsur yang
terdapat dalam kaolin.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) State one characteristic of ceramic which is suitable to be used as a cooking pot.
Nyatakan satu sifat seramik yang menjadikannya sesuai digunakan sebagai periuk
masak.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d) (i) Glass T has a high density and refractive index. Name type of glass T.
Kaca T mempunyai ketumpatan dan indeks biasan yang tinggi. Namakan jenis
kaca T.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) Name the chemical substance added to glass to produce glass T.

Namakan bahan kimia yang ditambah kepada kaca untuk menghasilkan kaca T.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(e) Compare and contrast the properties of glass and ceramic.
Banding dan bezakan ciri-ciri kaca dan seramik.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

Section B
Bahagian B
1. (a) Table 1.1 shows two types of fertilisers.

Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan 2 jenis baja.
Fertiliser Formula Relative molecular mass

Baja Formula Jisim molekul relatif
Ammonium sulphate
(NH4)2SO4
Ammonium sulfat
Ammonium nitrate
NH4NO3
Ammonium nitrat
Table 1.1
Jadual 1.1
(i) Complete Table 1 by calculating the relative molecular mass of both the fertilisers.
[Relative atomic mass : H = 1, O = 16, N = 14, S = 32]
Lengkapkan Jadual 1 dengan menghitung jisim molekul relatif bagi kedua-dua
baja itu.
[Jisim atom relatif : H = 1, O = 16, N = 14, S = 32]
[2 marks]
(ii) Encik Rayyan wants to buy fertilisers for his crops. Suggest which fertiliser is
better between both fertilisers. Explain your answer by calculating the percentage
of nitrogen in the fertilisers.
Encik Rayyan ingin membeli baja untuk tanamannya. Cadangkan baja yang mana
lebih baik antara kedua-dua jenis baja itu. Terangkan jawapan anda dengan
mengira peratus nitrogen yang terdapat dalam setiap baja itu.
[3 marks]
(b) In the production of sulphuric acid, 99.5% of gas Z is converted to sulphur trioxide gas.
0.5 % of gas Z is absorbed by limestone and some of them are released to the
atmosphere. The gas released can affect health and the environment.
Dalam penghasilan asid sulfurik, 99.5% gas Z ditukarkan menjadi gas sulfur trioksida.
0.5% gas Z diserap oleh batu kapur dan sebahagiannya dibebaskan ke atmosfera. Gas
yang terbebas dapat memudaratkan kesihatan dan alam sekitar.

Diagram 1
Rajah 1
Based on Diagram 1, name the process to produce sulphuric acid in industry. Name
gas Z and describe how acid rain is formed using relevant equations.
Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Rajah 1. namakan proses untuk menghasilkan asid
sulfurik dalam industri. Namakan gas Z dan huraikan bagaimana hujan asid
terbentuk dengan menggunakan persamaan yang relevan.
[5 marks]
(c) Table 1.2 shows five different manufactured substances in industry, J, K, L, M, N

and their uses.
Jadual 1.2 menunjukkan lima jenis bahan buatan industri, J, K, L, M, N dan
kegunaannya.
Manufactured substances in industry Uses

Bahan buatan dalam industri Kegunaan
J To make conical flasks
Membuat kelalang kon
K To make badminton rackets
Membuat raket badminton
L To make artificial teeth and bones
Membuat gigi dan tulang tiruan
M To make pipes
Membuat paip
N To make railway tracks
Membuat trek kereta api
Table 1.2
Jadual 1.2
Based on Table 1.2, state the names of J, K, L, M and N. Give the specific
properties of each of the substances to support your answer.
Berdasarkan Jadual 1.2, nyatakan nama bagi J, K, L, M dan N. Berikan sifat
spesifik bagi setiap bahan tersebut untuk menyokong jawapan anda.
[10 marks]

Section C
Bahagian C
1. Safwan bought a saxophone ten years ago. It is made from brass, an alloy of copper,
which is hard and strong. Until today, the saxophone is still in good condition and can be
used.
Safwan membeli saksofon sepuluh tahun yang lalu. Ia dibuat dari loyang, aloi kuprum,
yang keras dan kuat. Sehingga hari ini, saksofon masih dalam keadaan baik dan dapat
digunakan.
(a) By using a labeled diagram of the arrangement of atoms in copper and its alloy
brass, explain why brass is harder than copper.
Dengan menggunakan gambarajah berlabel susunan atom dalam kuprum dan
aloi loyang, terangkan mengapa loyang lebih keras daripada kuprum.
[7 marks]
(b) Describe an experiment to compare the hardness of brass and copper. Your
answer should include the following aspects :
Huraikan satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan kekerasan loyang dan kuprum.
Jawapan anda perlu merangkumi aspek berikut :
● Materials and apparatus
Bahan dan radas
● Procedure
Prosedur
● Tabulation data
Penjadualan data
● Conclusion
Kesimpulan
[10 marks]
(c) State three other aims of alloying apart from increasing its hardness.
Nyatakan tiga tujuan lain pengaloian selain daripada menambahkan kekerasan.
[3 marks]

KERTAS 3: SOALAN STRUKTUR
1. Alloy is harder than its pure metal. To prove the statement, a student carried out an experiment
to compare the hardness of brass and copper. Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up for the
experiment.
Aloi lebih keras daripada logam tulennya. Bagi membuktikan penyataan tersebut, seorang
pelajar melakukan eksperimen untuk membandingkan kekerasan loyang dan kuprum. Rajah 1
menunjukkan susunan radas untuk eksperimen.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
A 1 kg weight is dropped from a height of 50 cm onto a steel ball bearing taped to a copper
block. The weight is dropped three times on different parts of the same copper block. Three
dents have been made on the copper block. The experiment is then repeated using a brass
block to replace the copper block.
Pemberat 1 kg dijatuhkan dari ketinggian 50 cm ke atas bebola keluli yang dilekatkan pada
blok kuprum. Pemberat dijatuhkan tiga kali pada bahagian yang berlainan pada blok kuprum
yang sama. Tiga lekuk terbentuk pada blok kuprum tersebut. Eksperimen kemudian diulang
menggunakan blok loyang untuk menggantikan blok kuprum.

Table 1 shows the three dents formed on the brass block and copper block.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan tiga lekuk yang terhasil di atas blok loyang dan blok kuprum.
Block/Blok / Brass block Copper block

Trial/Percubaan Blok loyang Blok kuprum
Diameter of dent: Diameter of dent:

Diameter lekuk : _________ cm Diameter lekuk : _________ cm


Table 1
Jadual 1
(a) Record the diameter of dents on the space provided in Table 1 by using a meter rule.
Catatkan diameter lekuk pada ruang yang disediakan dalam Jadual 1 dengan
menggunakan pembaris meter.
[3 marks]

(b) Construct a table to record the diameter of dents formed and the average of dents
formed on the both blocks.
Bina satu jadual untuk merekodkan diameter lekuk dan purata lekuk yang terbentuk
pada kedua-dua bongkah.
[3 marks]
(c) Explain why the weight is dropped three times on each block.
Terangkan mengapa pemberat dijatuhkan sebanyak tiga kali ke atas setiap blok.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(d) State one observation from both experiments.
Nyatakan satu pemerhatian daripada kedua-dua eksperimen.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(e) State one inference based on the answer in (d).

Nyatakan satu inferens berdasarkan jawapan di (d).
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

(f) Complete the table below :

Lengkapkan jadual di bawah :
Variables Action to be taken

Pemboleh ubah Tindakan yang perlu diambil
Manipulated variable : The way to manipulate variable :

Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan : Cara memanipulasikan pemboleh ubah :
_______________________________ ____________________________________
_______________________________ ____________________________________
Responding variable : What to observe in the responding variable :

Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas : Apa yang diperhatikan pada pemboleh ubah
bergerak balas :
_______________________________ ____________________________________
_______________________________ ____________________________________
Controlled variable : How to maintain the controlled variables :

Pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan : Cara untuk mengekalkan pemboleh ubah
yang ditetapkan :
_______________________________ ____________________________________
_______________________________ ____________________________________
[6 marks]
(g) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan satu hipotesis untuk eksperimen ini.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(h) State the operational definition for the hardness of brass in this experiment.
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi kekerasan loyang dalam eksperimen ini.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

(i) Predict the diameter of dent on the copper block if the experiment is repeated using 1.0
kg of weight that hangs from the height of 1.0 meter and is dropped on the steel ball
bearing.
Ramalkan diameter lekuk pada blok kuprum jika eksperimen diulang dengan
menggantungkan pemberat 1.0 kg dan dijatuhkan dari ketinggian 1.0 meter ke atas
bebola keluli.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(j) The following is a list of substances.

Berikut merupakan senarai beberapa bahan.
Classify these substances into alloy and pure metal.

Kelaskan bahan-bahan ini kepada aloi dan logam tulen.
[3 marks]

1.
Dania : “How beautiful are your rings!”
“Cantiknya cincin-cincin awak!”
Riani : “Thank you. I bought these two rings last month.”

“Terima kasih. Saya membeli dua cincin ini bulan lepas.”
Dania : “But why is one of the rings bent?”

“Tetapi mengapa salah satu daripada cincin ini bengkok?”
Riani : “This bent ring is made of pure metal, while another one is made
of alloy.”
“Cincin yang bengkok ini diperbuat daripada logam tulen,
sementara yang satu lagi diperbuat daripada aloi.”
Based on the above conversation, plan one laboratory experiment to compare the hardness
of alloy and its pure metal.
Berdasarkan perbualan di atas, rancangkan satu eksperimen makmal untuk

membandingkan kekerasan aloi dengan logam tulennya.


Pernyataan masalah

Semua pembolehubah



Prosedur eksperimen

Penjadualan data
[17 marks]

SKEMA KERTAS 2 : MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY / BAHAN

BUATAN DALAM INDUSTRI
Section A
Bahagian A
1 a i Sulphur 1
Sulfur
ii Vanadium(V) oxide / V2O5 1
Vanadium(V) oksida / V2O5
iii SO3 + H2SO4 →H2S2O7 1+1
b i Increases the acidity of water 1

Meningkatkan keasidan air
Increases the acidity of soil 1

Meningkatkan keasidan tanah
Leaches minerals and nutrients in the soil

Mengalirkan mineral dan nutrien dalam tanah
ii Burning of fossil fuels from power station 1
Pembakaran bahan api fosil daripada stesen janakuasa
iii Use low-sulphur fuels 1

Menggunakan bahan api rendah sulfur
Gas released from power station and factories are sprayed with 1
powdered limestone (calcium carbonate)
Gas yang dibebaskan dari stesen janakuasa dan kilang boleh
disembur dengan serbuk batu kapur (kalsium karbonat)
TOTAL MARKS 9
2 a i Alloy is a mixture of two or more elements with a certain fixed 1

composition in which the major component is a metal.
Aloi ialah campuran dua atau lebih unsur dengan komposisi
yang tetap yang mana komponen utama adalah logam.
ii Carbon and chromium 1
Karbon dan kromium

iii Stainless steel Iron 1+1

Keluli nirkarat Besi
iv The presence of carbon atoms and chromium atoms of 1

different size from atoms of iron
Kehadiran atom karbon dan atom kromium dengan saiz
berbeza daripada atom besi
Disrupts the orderly and uniform arrangement of iron atoms 1

Mengganggu susunan atom besi yang teratur dan seragam
This prevents the layers of atoms from sliding over one 1

another easily
Ini mengelakkan lapisan atom menggelongsor antara satu
sama lain dengan mudah
b i Kaolin 1
Kaolin
ii Bathtubs / Toilet bowl 1
Tab mandi / Mangkuk tandas
c Sink A 1
Sink A
Durable / Easy to clean 1

Tahan lama / Mudah dibersihkan
TOTAL MARKS 11

3 a i Synthetic polymers 1
Polimer sintetik
ii 1

b Reuse 1
Guna semula
Recycle 1
Kitar semula
Use biodegradable synthetic polymers

Menggunakan polimer sintetik terbiodegradasi
c i Aluminium / Silicon / Oxygen 1
Aluminium / Silikon / Oksigen
ii Chemically inert / non-corrosive 1
Lengai secara kimia / tidak mengakis
d i Lead crystal glass 1
Kaca kristal plumbum
ii Lead(II) oxide 1
Plumbum(II) oksida
e Both glass and ceramics are hard / strong / inert to chemicals 1

Kedua-dua kaca dan seramik keras / kuat / lengai terhadap
bahan kimia
Glass can be heated until molten repeatedly but not ceramics / 1

Glass has a lower melting point than ceramics
Kaca boleh dipanaskan hingga lebur berulang kali tetapi tidak
seramik / Kaca mempunyai takat lebur yang lebih rendah
daripada seramik
TOTAL MARKS 10

Section B
Bahagian B
1 a i Relative molecular mass

Jisim molekul relatif
Ammonium sulphate
Ammonium sulfat
(14+4(1))X2+32+4(16) = 132 1
Ammonium nitrate
Ammonium nitrat
14+4(1)+14+3(16) = 80 1
ii % N in Ammonium sulphate
% N dalam Ammonium sulfat
= 28 x 100
132
1
= 21.21 %
% N in Ammonium nitrate
% N dalam Ammonium nitrat
= 28 x 100
80
1
= 35.00 %
Ammonium nitrate is better fertilizer because the percentage of 1

nitrogen by mass is higher
Baja ammonium nitrat lebih baik kerana peratus nitrogen
mengikut jisim adalah lebih tinggi

b Contact process 1
Proses sentuh
Gas Z : Sulphur dioxide gas 1

Gas Z : Gas sulfur dioksida
Sulphur dioxide gas dissolves in rain water to form sulphurous 1

acid
Gas sulfur dioksida larut dalam air hujan untuk membentuk
asid sulfurus
SO2 + H2O → H2SO3 1+1
c J : Fused glass 1
Kaca silika terlakur
Glass does not expand nor contract much when there is 1

large change in heat
Kaca tidak mengembang atau mengecut dengan banyak di
bawah perubahan suhu yang besar
K : Fibre glass 1
Kaca gentian
High tensile strength and easily moulded in thin layers 1

Kekuatan regangan tinggi dan mudah dibentuk dalam
lapisan nipis
L : Ceramics 1
Seramik
Inert and non-compressible 1

Lengai dan tidak boleh dimampatkan
M : Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 1

Polivinil klorida
Durable and does not rust 1

Tahan lama dan tidak berkarat
N : Steel 1
Keluli
Hard and strong 1

Keras dan kuat
TOTAL MARKS 20

Section C
Bahagian C

1 a
Copper Brass
Kuprum Loyang
Atoms of pure copper metal are of the same size. 1

Atom-atom logam kuprum tulen mempunyai saiz yang sama.
They are arranged orderly in layers. 1

Atom-atom ini tersusun dalam lapisan.
Layers of atoms easily slide over each other when external force 1
is applied on them.
Lapisan-lapisan atom lebih senang menggelongsor antara satu
sama lain apabila dikenakan daya.
The size of zinc atoms which are bigger than copper in brass 1
Saiz atom zink yang lebih besar berbanding atom kuprum dalam
loyang
disrupt the orderly arrangement of copper atoms. 1

menyebabkan atom-atom kuprum menjadi tidak tersusun.
Layers of metal atoms are difficult to slide over each other when 1
external force is applied.
Lapisan -lapisan atom sukar menggelongsor di antara satu sama
lain apabila dikenakan daya.
b Experiment to compare the hardness of pure metal (copper) and

its alloy (brass)
Eksperimen untuk membanding kekerasan logam tulen (kuprum)
dan aloi (loyang)
Materials and apparatus

Bahan dan radas :
1 kg weight, meter rule, retort stand and clamp, thread, steel ball 1
bearing, brass block and copper block.
Pemberat 1 kg, pembaris meter, kaki retort dan pemegang,
benang, bebola keluli, bongkah loyang dan bongkah kuprum.

Procedure :
Prosedur :
1. A steel ball bearing is tapped onto a copper block using 1

cellophane tape.
Satu bebola keluli dilekatkan di atas bongkah kuprum dengan
pita selofan.
2. A 1 kg weight is hung at a height of 50 cm above the copper 1

block using thread.
1 kg pemberat digantungkan pada ketinggian 50 cm di atas
bongkah kuprum menggunakan benang.
3. The weight is allowed to drop on the steel ball bearing and the 1
diameter of the dent formed on the copper block is measured
and recorded.
Pemberat dijatuhkan ke atas bebola keluli dan diameter lekuk
yang terbentuk pada bongkah kuprum diukur dan direkodkan.
4. Step 1 to 3 are repeated on two other part of copper block in 1

order to obtain an average value for the diameter of dents
formed.
Langkah 1 hingga 3 diulangi di atas dua bahagian lain di
permukaan blok kuprum untuk memperoleh nilai purata bagi
diameter lekuk yang terhasil.
5. Step 1 to 4 are repeated by replacing the copper block with 1

brass block.
Langkah 1 hingga 4 diulangi dengan menggantikan blok
kuprum dengan blok loyang.

Tabulation of data
Penjadualan data :
Type of Diameter of dent (cm) Average

block Diameter lekuk (cm) diameter of
Jenis blok 1 2 3 dents (cm) 1+1
Purata
diameter lekuk
(cm)
Copper
Kuprum
Brass
Loyang
Conclusion :
Kesimpulan :
The brass is harder than the copper // Alloy is harder than pure 1
metal.
Loyang lebih keras daripada kuprum // Aloi lebih keras daripada
logam tulen.
c To prevent corrosion and rusting.

Untuk mencegah kakisan dan pengaratan. 1+1
To improve the appearance of a pure metal.

Untuk memperbaiki rupa bentuk logam tulen. 1
TOTAL MARKS 20

SKEMA KERTAS 3 : MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY / BAHAN

BUATAN DALAM INDUSTRI
SOALAN STRUKTUR
SOALAN 1
a [Able to measure the diameter of dents correctly and accurately with unit] 3
[Berupaya mengukur diameter lekuk dengan betul dan jitu dengan unit]
Sample answer :
Contoh jawapan :
Brass : 1.2 cm, 1.3 cm, 1.0 cm

Loyang : 1.2 cm, 1.3 cm, 1.0 cm
Copper : 1.7 cm, 1.5 cm. 1.8 cm

Kuprum : 1.7 cm, 1.5 cm. 1.8 cm
2
[Able to measure the diameter of dents without 1 decimal places and unit]
[Berupaya mengukur diameter lekuk tanpa dua titik perpuluhan atau unit]
1
[Able to state four diameters of dents]
[Berupaya menyatakan empat diameter lekuk dengan betul]
0
[No response or wrong response]
[Tiada jawapan atau jawapan salah]
b [Able to construct the table to record the diameters and average diameter 3
of dents on brass and copper block with correct:
1. Titles and units
2. Reading]
[Berupaya membina jadual untuk merekodkan diameter dan diameter
purata blok loyang dan kuprum dengan betul:
1. Tajuk dan unit
2. Bacaan]
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
Type of Diameter of dent (cm) Average diameter of

block Diameter lekuk (cm) dents (cm)
Jenis blok 1 2 3 Purata diameter
lekuk (cm)
Copper 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.2
Kuprum
Brass 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.7
Loyang
[Able to construct a less accurate the table that contain the following :
1. Titles without unit 2
2. Reading]

[Berupaya membina jadual kurang tepat yang mengandungi yang berikut:

1. Tajuk tanpa unit
2. Bacaan]
[Able to construct the idea of tabulation of data]

[Berupaya membina idea penjadualan data] 1

[Tiada jawapan atau jawapan salah] 0
c [Able to state the explanation correctly] 3

[Berupaya menyatakan penerangan dengan betul]
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
To get an average reading for a more accurate result.

Untuk memperoleh bacaan purata untuk keputusan yang lebih tepat.
[Able to state the explanation less correctly] 2

[Berupaya menyatakan penerangan yang kurang tepat]
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
To obtain an average reading for a correct result.

Untuk memperoleh bacaan purata untuk keputusan yang betul.
[Able to state the idea of explanation] 1

[Berupaya menyatakan idea bagi penerangan]
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
To obtain an average reading.

Untuk memperoleh bacaan purata.
[No response or wrong response] 0

d [Able to state the observation correctly - Must have comparison] 3

[Berupaya menyatakan pemerhatian dengan betul – dalam bentuk
perbandingan]
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
The average diameter of dents on brass block is 1.2 cm and the average
diameter of dents on copper block is 1.7 cm //
The size / diameter of dents on brass block is smaller than the size /
diameter of dents on copper block
Diameter purata lekuk pada blok loyang adalah 1.2 cm dan diameter
purata lekuk pada blok kuprum adalah 1.7 cm //
Saiz / diameter lekuk pada blok loyang lebih kecil daripada saiz / diameter
pada blok kuprum

[Able to state the incomplete observation] 2

[Berupaya menyatakan pemerhatian yang tidak lengkap]
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
The size / diameter of dents on copper block is bigger //

The size / diameter of dents on brass block is smaller
Saiz / diameter lekuk pada blok kuprum lebih besar //
Saiz / diameter lekuk pada blok loyang lebih kecil
[Able to state the idea of observation] 1

[Berupaya menyatakan idea bagi pemerhatian]
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
The size / diameter of dents on copper block is big //

The size / diameter of dents on brass block is small
Saiz / diameter lekuk pada blok kuprum besar //
Saiz / diameter lekuk pada blok loyang kecil

e [Able to state the inference correctly] 3

[Berupaya menyatakan inferens dengan betul]
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
Brass is harder than copper // Copper is less harder than brass

Loyang lebih keras daripada kuprum // Kuprum kurang keras daripada
loyang
[Able to state the incomplete inference] 2

[Berupaya menyatakan inferens kurang lengkap]
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
Brass is harder // Copper is less harder.

Loyang lebih keras // Kuprum kurang keras.
[Able to state the idea of inference ] 1

[Berupaya menyatakan idea bagi inferens]
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
Brass is hard // Copper is soft.

Loyang keras // Kuprum lembut.


f [Able to state all the variable and action to be taken correctly 6

[Berupaya menyatakan semua pemboleh ubah dan tindakan yang perlu
diambil dengan betul]
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
Variables Action to be taken

Pemboleh ubah Tindakan yang perlu diambil
Manipulated variable : The way to manipulate variable :

Pemboleh ubah Cara memanipulasikan pemboleh
dimanipulasikan : ubah :
Type of block // Replace brass block with copper block

Brass block and copper block Menggantikan blok loyang dengan
Jenis blok // blok kuprum
Blok loyang dan blok kuprum
Responding variable : What to observe in the responding

Pemboleh ubah bergerak variable :
balas : Apa yang diperhatikan pada pemboleh
ubah bergerak balas :
Diameter of dents // Hardness
Diameter lekuk // Kekerasan The measurement of diameter of dents
Pengukuran diameter lekuk
Controlled variable : How to maintain the controlled

Pemboleh ubah yang variables :
dimalarkan : Cara untuk mengekalkan pemboleh
ubah yang ditetapkan :
Height of weight //
Mass of weight // Using the same height of weight//
Size of stainless steel ball Using the same mass of weight //
bearing Using the same size of stainless steel
Ketinggian pemberat // Jisim ball bearing
pemberat // Saiz bebola keluli Gunakan tinggi pemberat yang sama
nirkarat //Gunakan jisim pemberat yang sama
//Gunakan saiz bebola keluli nirkarat
yang sama
[Able to state all three variables and at least two corresponding action to 5
be taken correctly]
[Berupaya menyatakan semua tiga pemboleh ubah dan
sekurang-kurangnya dua tindakan yang perlu diambil pada pemboleh
ubah yang berkaitan dengan betul]
[Able to state at least two variables and at least two corresponding action 4
to be taken correctly]

[Berupaya menyatakan sekurang-kurangnya dua pemboleh ubah dan

sekurang-kurangnya dua tindakan yang perlu diambil pada pemboleh
[Able to state at least two variables and at least one corresponding action 3
[Berupaya menyatakan sekurang-kurangnya dua pemboleh ubah dan
sekurang-kurangnya satu tindakan yang perlu diambil pada pemboleh
[Able to state at least one variables and at least one corresponding action 2
[Berupaya menyatakan sekurang-kurangnya satu pemboleh ubah dan
sekurang-kurangnya satu tindakan yang perlu diambil pada pemboleh
[Able to state at least one variables correctly] 1

[Berupaya menyatakan sekurang-kurangnya satu pemboleh ubah dengan
betul]

g [Able to state the hypothesis correctly] 3

[Berupaya menyatakan hipotesis dengan betul]
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
Brass block has a smaller size / diameter of dents than copper block //
Brass is harder than copper
Blok loyang mempunyai saiz / diameter lekuk yang lebih kecil daripada
blok kuprum //
Loyang lebih keras daripada kuprum
[Able to state the hypothesis less correctly] 2

[Berupaya menyatakan hipotesis kurang tepat]
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
Brass is harder // Copper is less harder

Loyang lebih keras // Kuprum kurang keras
[Able to state the idea of hypothesis] 1

[Berupaya menyatakan idea hipotesis]
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
Brass is hard // Copper is soft

Loyang keras // Kuprum lembut


h [Able to state the operational definition correctly] 3

[Berupaya menyatakan mendefinisi secara operasi dengan betul]
What should be done: Drop 1.0 kg weight from 0.5 meter height on the
material block.
What should be observed: Dents formed on the material block.
Apa yang perlu dibuat : Jatuhkan pemberat 1.0 kg dari ketinggian 0.5
meter di atas blok bahan.
Apa yang diperhatikan : Lekuk terbentuk di atas blok bahan
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
A small dents formed when 1.0 kg weight dropped from 0.5 meter height
on the block.
Lekuk yang kecil terbentuk apabila pemberat 1.0 kg dijatuhkan dari
ketinggian 0.5 meter di atas blok bahan.
[Able to state the operational definition less correctly] 2

[Berupaya menyatakan mendefinisi secara operasi kurang lengkap]
What should be done : Drop weight on the material block.

What should be observed : Dents formed.
Apa yang perlu dibuat : Jatuhkan pemberat di atas blok bahan. Apa yang
diperhatikan : Lekuk terbentuk
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
A small dents formed when weight dropped on the block.

Lekuk yang kecil terbentuk apabila pemberat dijatuhkan di atas blok
bahan.
[Able to state the idea of operational definition] 1

[Berupaya menyatakan idea bagi mendefinisi secara operasi]
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
The harder the material produce a smaller dent

Bahan yang lebih keras menghasilkan lekuk yang lebih kecil

i [Able to predict the diameter of dent correctly] 3

[Berupaya meramalkan diameter lekuk dengan betul]
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
Diameter / size of dents on copper is more than 1.8 cm

Diameter /saiz lekuk pada blok kuprum lebih besar daripada 1.8 cm

[Able to predict less correctly] 2

[Berupaya meramal dengan kurang tepat]
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
Diameter become larger / bigger / increase

Diameter semakin besar / meningkat
[Able to state the idea of prediction] 1

[Berupaya menyatakan idea meramal]
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
Change
Berubah

j [Able to classify all materials correctly 3

[Berupaya mengelaskan semua bahan dengan betul]
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
Alloy Pure Metal

Aloi Logam tulen
Pewter Tin
Piuter Timah
Cupro-nickel Copper
Kupro-nikel Kuprum
Duralumin Aluminium
Duralumin Aluminium
Steel Iron
Keluli Besi
[Able to classify at least six materials correctly] 2

[Berupaya mengelaskan sekurang-kurangnya enam bahan dengan tepat]
[Able to classify at least four materials correctly] 1

[Berupaya mengelaskan sekurang-kurangnya empat bahan dengan tepat]

TOTAL MARKS 33

SOALAN 1
Rubrics Marks
a [Able to state the problem statement correctly]: 3
[Berupaya menyatakan penyataan masalah dengan betul]
Suggested answer:
Contoh jawapan :
Which metals are harder, alloys or pure copper?

Logam manakah yang lebih keras, aloi atau logam tulen?
[Able to state the problem statement less correctly] 2

[Berupaya menyatakan penyataan masalah kurang tepat]
Suggested answer:
Contoh jawapan :
Are alloys are harder than pure metals?

Adakah aloi lebih keras daripada logam tulen?
[Able to state the problem statement less correctly] 1

[Berupaya menyatakan penyataan masalah kurang tepat]
Suggested answer:
Contoh jawapan :
Which metals are harder?

Logam manakah yang lebih keras?
[No response given or wrong response] 0

b [Able to state the variables correctly]: 3

[Berupaya menyatakan pemboleh ubah-pemboleh ubah dengan betul]
Suggested answer:
Contoh jawapan :
(a) Manipulated variable : Type of metals block

Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi : Jenis blok logam
(b) Responding variable : Hardness of metals
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas : Kekerasan logam
(c) Fixed variable : Size of steel ball bearing /Height of weight
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan : Saiz bebola keluli / Ketinggian
pemberat

[Able to state the variables less correctly] 2

[Berupaya menyatakan pemboleh ubah-pemboleh ubah dengan kurang
tepat]
Suggested answer:
Contoh jawapan :
One mistake
Satu kesalahan
[Able to state the variables less correctly] 1

[Berupaya menyatakan pemboleh ubah-pemboleh ubah dengan kurang
tepat]
Suggested answer:
Contoh jawapan :
Two mistakes
Dua kesalahan

c [Able to state the hypothesis correctly]: 3

[Berupaya menyatakan hipotesis dengan betul]
Suggested answer:
Contoh jawapan :
Alloy is harder than pure metals

Aloi lebih keras daripada logam tulen

[Berupaya menyatakan hipotesis dengan kurang tepat]
Suggested answer:
Contoh jawapan :
Alloy is harder
Aloi lebih keras

[Berupaya menyatakan hipotesis dengan kurang tepat]
Suggested answer:
Contoh jawapan :
Alloy produce smaller dent

Aloi menghasilkan lekuk yang lebih kecil


e [Able to list the apparatus and materials correctly]: 3

[Berupaya menyenaraikan radas dan bahan dengan betul]
Suggested answer:
Contoh jawapan :
Apparatus : 1 kg of weight, thread, cellophane tape, retort stand and clamp,

meter rule, ruler
Materials : steel ball bearing, bronze block dan copper block
Radas : Pemberat 1 kg, benang, pita selofan, kaki retort dan pemegang,
pembaris meter, pembaris
Bahan : bebola keluli, bongkah loyang dan bongkah kuprum.
[Able to list the apparatus and materials less correctly] 2

[Berupaya menyenaraikan radas dan bahan dengan kurang tepat]
Suggested answer:
Contoh jawapan :
One mistake
Satu kesalahan
[Able to list the apparatus and materials less correctly] 1

[Berupaya menyenaraikan radas dan bahan dengan kurang tepat]
Suggested answer:
Contoh jawapan :
Two mistakes
Dua kesalahan

d [Able to state the procedure correctly]: 3

[Berupaya menyatakan prosedur dengan betul]
Suggested answer:
Contoh jawapan :
1. Put a steel ball to a bronze block using cellophane tape.

2. Hang 1 kg weight at a height of 50 cm from the top of the bronze block.
3. Put a bronze block under the weight.
4. Release the weight so that it falls on the steel ball bearing.
5. Measure the diameter of the dent formed on top of the bronze block
using meter rule.
6. Record the diameter reading in the table.
7. Repeat the steps 1 to 5 using pure metal block (copper).

1. Letakkan bebola keluli ke blok gangsa menggunakan pita selofan.

2. Gantung berat 1 kg pada ketinggian 50 cm dari bahagian atas blok
gangsa.
3. Letakkan bongkah gangsa di bawah pemberat.
4. Lepaskan pemberat sehingga jatuh pada bebola keluli.
5. Ukur diameter lekuk yang terbentuk di atas blok gangsa menggunakan
pembaris meter.
6. Catatkan bacaan diameter dalam jadual.
7. Ulangi langkah 1 hingga 5 menggunakan bongkah logam tulen
(kuprum).
[Able to state the procedure less correctly] 2

[Berupaya menyatakan prosedur dengan kurang tepat]
Suggested answer:
Contoh jawapan :
One mistake in procedure

Satu kesalahan prosedur
[Able to state the procedure less correctly] 1

[Berupaya menyatakan prosedur dengan kurang tepat]
Suggested answer:
Contoh jawapan :
Two mistakes in procedure

Dua kesalahan prosedur

Suggested answer:
Contoh jawapan :
More than three mistakes in procedure

Lebih daripada tiga kesalahan prosedur
f [Able to draw the table correctly]: 2

[Berupaya membina jadual dengan betul]
Suggested answer:
Contoh jawapan :
Type of block Diameter of dent

Jenis blok Diameter lekuk (cm)
Bronze
Gangsa
Copper
Kuprum

[Able to draw the table less correctly] 1

[Berupaya membina jadual dengan kurang tepat]
Suggested answer:
Contoh jawapan :
One mistake in table such as

1. Table not properly drawn
2. No unit
3. No type of block mention
Satu kesalahan dalam jadual seperti
1. Jadual tidak dilukis dengan betul
2. Tiada unit
3. Jenis blok tidak dinyatakan

TOTAL MARKS 17

Set 5
Rate of Reaction
Kadar Tindak Balas
4541
TAJUK: RATE OF REACTION/ KADAR TINDAK BALAS
Section A
Bahagian A
1. A student conducted an experiment to determine the rate of reaction between 50 cm3 of

sulphuric acid, 0.05 mol dm-3 and calcium carbonate chips. The gas evolved was collected
through water displacement method and the data obtained is shown in Table 1.
Seorang murid menjalankan eksperimen untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas antara 50
cm3 asid sulfurik 0.05 mol dm-3 dengan ketulan kalsium karbonat. Gas yang terbebas dikutip
melalui kaedah sesaran air dan data yang diperolehi ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 1.
Time (s)
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Masa (s)
Volume of gas (cm3)
0 16 30 40 45 48 48
Isipadu gas (cm3)
Table 1
Jadual 1
(a) The chemical equation for the reaction above is shown below.
Persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas di atas adalah seperti berikut.
H2SO4 + CaCO3 🡪 CaSO4 + H2O + CO2

(i) Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas that should be released
theoretically if 50 cm3 of sulphuric acid 0.05 mol dm-3 reacts with calcium
carbonate chips.
[Molar volume of gas at room condition = 24,000 cm3mol-1]
Hitungkan isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang sepatutnya terbebas secara teori
apabila 50 cm3 asid sulfurik 0.05 moldm-3 bertindak balas dengan ketulan
kalsium karbonat.
[Isipadu molar gas pada keadaan bilik = 24,000 cm3mol-1]
[2 marks]

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4541
(ii) Give a reason why the theoretical volume of gas evolved in a(i) is more than
the experimental value obtained in Table 1.
Nyatakan satu sebab mengapa nilai teori bagi isipadu gas yang terbebas di
a(i) lebih besar daripada nilai eksperimen yang diperolehi dalam Jadual 1.
[1 mark]
(b) Plot a graph of the volume of carbon dioxide gas against time based on Table 1
above.
Plotkan graf isipadu gas karbon dioksida melawan masa berdasarkan Jadual 1 di
atas.
[3 marks]

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4541
(c) Based on the results obtained from the experiment, calculate

Berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen, hitungkan
(i) The overall average rate of reaction for this reaction

Kadar tindak balas purata bagi tindak balas keseluruhan
[1 mark]
(ii) The average rate of reaction in the second minute
Kadar tindak balas purata dalam minit kedua
[1 mark]
(iii) The rate of reaction at the second minute
Kadar tindak balas pada minit kedua
[2 marks]

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4541
2. Table 2 shows the data from Experiment I and Experiment II that were carried out to study
the rate of reaction of zinc with two acids, X and Y respectively.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan data daripada Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II yang dijalankan
untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara zink dengan dua asid, X dan Y masing-masing.
Experiment Reactants Observation

Eksperimen Bahan tindak balas Pemerhatian
I 2.6g of zinc and 50 cm3of acid

X 2.0 mol dm-3 A few gas bubbles released
Sedikit gelembung gas
2.6g zink dengan 50 cm-3 asid X dibebaskan
2.0 mol dm-3
II 2.6g of zinc and 50 cm3of A lot of gas bubbles

hydrochloric acid 2.0 mol dm-3 released
Banyak gelembung gas
2.6g zink dengan 50 cm3 asid dibebaskan
hidroklorik 2.0 mol dm-3
Table 2
Jadual 2
(a) What is the name of the gas released?

Apakah nama gas yang di bebaskan?
[1 mark]
(b) Draw a labelled diagram of the set-up of apparatus for this experiment. Also show
how the volume of gas collected is measured in the experiment.
Lukiskan gambarajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan susunan alat radas bagi
eksperimen ini. Juga tunjukkan bagaimana gas yang dibebaskan dalam eksperimen
ini diukur.
[2 marks]
(c) (i) State the name of the acid X in Experiment I.
Nyatakan nama asid X yang digunakan dalam Eksperimen I.
[1 mark]

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4541
(ii) Justify your answer for c(i).
Justifikasikan jawapan anda untuk c(i).
[3 marks]
(d) Puan Minah took one hour to roast a whole chicken as shown in the diagram below.
Puan Minah mengambil masa satu jam untuk memanggang ayam seperti yang
ditunjukkan dalam rajah di bawah.
How can she roast the chicken faster without using higher temperature?
Bagaimanakah dia boleh memanggang ayam lebih cepat tanpa menaikkan suhu?
[3 marks]

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4541
3 Diagram 3 shows two different conditions of soap water used to wash a soiled shirt.
Answer the questions below based on the diagram.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan dua keadaan air sabun yang berbeza untuk mencuci baju yang
kotor. Jawab soalan di bawah berdasarkan rajah itu.
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
(a) (i) The shirt in which pail will clean faster?

Baju dalam baldi manakah lebih cepat dibersihkan?
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer in a(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda dalam a(i).
[2 marks]

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4541
(b) In the school laboratory, soap is prepared using palm oil and sodium hydroxide
solution.
Two groups of students conducted an experiment to prepare soap in the school
laboratory using the following materials.
Group 1: palm oil with sodium hydroxide solution 5 mol dm-3 .
Group 2: palm oil with sodium hydroxide solution 7 mol dm-3 .
Di dalam makmal, sabun disediakan melalui tindak balas antara minyak kelapa
sawit dengan larutan natrium hidroksida. Dua kumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan
eksperimen untuk menyediakan sabun di dalam makmal menggunakan bahan-bahan
berikut.
Kumpulan 1: minyak kelapa sawit dengan larutan natrium hidroksida 5 mol dm-3.
Kumpulan 2: minyak kelapa sawit dengan larutan natrium hidroksida 7 mol dm-3.
(i) What is the name of the process above?

Apakah nama proses di atas?
[1 mark]
(ii) Which group will be able to produce the soap faster?

Kumpulan yang manakah akan dapat menyediakan sabun lebih cepat?
[1 mark]
(iii) Explain your answer in b(ii) using collision theory.

Terangkan jawapan anda di b(ii) menggunakan teori perlanggaran.
[5 marks]

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4541
4 Two experiments are conducted to investigate the factor that affects the rate of reaction for
Experiment I and Experiment II respectively. In both experiments, 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3
sodium thiosulphate solution is added to 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid in a
conical flask. Diagram 4 shows the set-up of apparatus and Table 4 shows the results of these
experiments.
Dua eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak
balas masing-masing bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II. Di dalam kedua-dua
eksperimen, 25 cm3 larutan natrium tiosulfat 1.0 mol dm-3 ditambahkan kepada 25 cm3 asid
hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3 di dalam kelalang kon. Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan alat radas
dan Jadual 4 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen.
Diagram 4
Rajah 4
Experiment Temperature / oC Time taken for ‘X’ mark to disappear / s

Eksperimen Suhu / oC Masa untuk tanda ‘X’ hilang / s
I 30 25
II 50 15
Table 4
Jadual 4
(a) (i) What is observed at the bottom of the conical flask in both experiments?
Apakah yang diperhatikan di dasar kelalang kon dalam kedua-dua
eksperimen?
[1 mark]
(ii) State the name of the substance formed in a(i).

Nyatakan nama bahan yang terbentuk dalam a(i).
[1 mark]

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4541
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction above
Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas di atas
[2 marks]
(c) (i) Referring to Table 4, compare the rate of reaction of Experiment I and
Experiment II.
Merujuk kepada Jadual 4, bandingkan kadar tindak balas bagi Eksperimen I
dan Eksperimen II.
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer in (c) (i) referring to the collision theory.
Terangkan jawapan anda di (c) (i) dengan merujuk teori perlanggaran.
[3 marks]
(d) Sketch the graph of the volume of gas produced against time for both experiments on
the same axis.
Lakarkan graf isipadu gas yang terbebas melawan masa bagi kedua-dua eksperimen
pada paksi yang sama.
[2 marks]

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4541
5 Two experiments have been carried out to study the effect of factors affecting the rate of
reaction at room temperature.
Dua eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar
tindak balas pada suhu bilik.
Experiment
I II
Eksperimen
Set-up of apparatus
Susunan alat radas
The wooden splinter glows The wooden splinter rekindles

Observation
dimly brightly
Pemerhatian
Kayu uji berbara dengan malap Kayu uji menyala dengan terang
Table 5
Jadual 5
(a) (i) Based on the observation in Table 5, compare the rate of reaction between
Experiment I and II.
Berdasarkan pemerhatian daripada Jadual 5, bandingkan kadar tindak balas
antara Eksperimen I dan II.
[1 mark]
(ii) Using the collision theory, explain why there is a difference in the rate of
reaction for Experiment I and II.
Dengan menggunakan Teori Pelanggaran, jelaskan mengapa terdapat
perbezaan pada kadar tindak balas bagi Eksperimen I dan II.
[3 marks]

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4541
(b) The graph in Diagram 5 shows the result of Experiment I.
Graf pada Rajah 5 menunjukkan keputusan bagi Eksperimen I.
On Diagram 5, sketch the curves that you would expect to obtain,

i) For experiment II
ii) Experiment 1 is repeated using 10 cm3 of Hydrogen peroxide solution
10-volume (Other conditions remain the same)
Pada Rajah 5, lakarkan lengkuk yang dijangka

i) Untuk eksperimen II
ii) Eksperimen 1 diulang menggunakan 10 cm3 larutan hidrogen peroksida
10-isipadu [Keadaan lain tidak berubah ]
[2 marks]
(c) (i) Write the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of hydrogen
peroxide in both the experiments.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi penguraian hidrogen peroksida
di kedua-dua eksperimen tersebut.
[2 marks]
(ii) Describe a chemical test to verify the gas in (c) (i).

Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan gas di (c) (i).
[2 marks]

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4541
Section B
Bahagian B
1. (a) (i) What is the meaning of the rate of reaction ?

Apakah maksud kadar tindak balas?
[1 mark]
(ii) State 4 factors that affect the rate of reaction.

Nyatakan 4 faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas
[4 marks]
(b) An experiment was carried out to study the effect of concentration on the rate
of reaction. The table below shows the data obtained when different
concentrations of sodium thiosulphate solution, Na2S2O3 reacts with
1.0 moldm-3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4. The table below shows the results of the
experiment.
Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan kepekatan ke atas

kadar tindak balas. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan data yang diperolehi
apabila larutan natrium tiosulfat, Na2S2O3 yang berbeza kepekatan bertindak
balas dengan 1.0 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik, H2SO4. Jadual di bawah
menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen.
Experiment
Eksperimen 1 2 3 4 5
Concentration of sodium
thiosulphate solution/ mol dm-3 0.20 0.16 0.12 0.08 0.04
Kepekatan larutan larutan
natrium tiosulfat/ mol dm-3
Time / s
Masa / s 24 30 42 62 111
1/ time / s-1
1 /masa / s-1
Copy and complete the table above. Based on the table, plot a graph of
concentration of sodium thiosulphate against 1/ time.
Salin dan lengkapkan jadual di atas. Berdasarkan jadual di atas, plotkan graf
kepekatan larutan larutan natrium tiosulfat melawan 1/ masa
[6 marks]

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4541
(c) Based on your plotted graph, state the relationship between :
Berdasarkan graf yang anda plotkan, nyatakan hubungan di antara :
(i) the value of 1/ time taken and the rate of reaction.

nilai 1/masa dan kadar tindak balas.
[1 mark]
(ii) the rate of reaction and the concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution.
kadar tindak balas dan kepekatan larutan natrium thiosulfat.
[1 mark]
(d) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between sodium thiosulphate
solution and sulphuric acid.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara larutan natrium tiosulfat
dengan asid sulfurik.
[2 marks]
(e) (i) What is the effect on the rate of reaction if hydrochloric acid of the same
concentration is used to replace sulphuric acid in this experiment?
Apakah kesannya ke atas kadar tindak balas jika asid hidroklorik, yang
mempunyai kepekatan yang sama digunakan untuk menggantikan asid
sulfurik dalam eksperimen ini?
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer in (e)(i).

Jelaskan jawapan anda dalam (e(i).
[4 marks]

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4541
2. The speed of a chemical reaction is called the rate of reaction. Some reactions are fast and
some are slow.
Kelajuan sesuatu tindak balas dipanggil kadar tindak balas. Ada beberapa tindak balas yang
cepat dan ada beberapa tindak balas yang lambat.
(a) (i) Based on this statement, what is the relationship between rate of reaction and
time?
Berdasarkan kenyataan di atas, apakah hubungan antara kadar tindak balas
dengan masa?
[1 mark]
(ii) Give two examples of a fast and two examples of a slow reaction.
Berikan satu contoh tindak balas yang cepat dan satu contoh tindak balas yang
lambat.
[4 marks]
(b) An experiment was carried out to study the relationship between rate of reaction
and time for the reaction of calcium carbonate powder, CaCO3, and hydrochloric
acid, HCl, 1.0 mol dm-3.
The table below shows the data that was obtained for the reaction.
Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara kadar tindak
balas dengan masa bagi tindak balas antara serbuk kalsium karbonat, CaCO3
dengan asid hidroklorik, HCl, 1.0 mol dm-3.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan data yang diperolehi bagi tindak balas tersebut.
Time / min
Masa / min 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Volume of gas
collected / cm3 0 12 22 30 36 40 42 43 43
Isipadu gas yang
terkumpul/ cm3
(i) Based on the table, plot a graph of volume of gas collected against time.
Berdasarkan jadual diatas, plotkan graf isipadu gas yang terkumpul melawan
masa.
[3 marks]

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4541
(ii) Based on your plotted graph, calculate the rate of reaction at :

Berdasarkan graf yang anda plotkan, hitung kadar tindak balas pada :
● first minute
minit pertama
● third minute
minit ketiga
Compare the rate of reactions above. Explain the difference between both the rate
of reactions.
Bandingkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas di atas. Terangkan perbezaan antara
kedua-dua kadar tindak balas tersebut
[6 marks]
(iii) The experiment above is repeated with calcium carbonate chips. All other
conditions remain the same. Sketch a curve that will be obtained on the graph
plotted at b(i).
Eksperimen di atas diulangi dengan menggunakan ketulan kalsium karbonat.
Keadaan lain kekal sama. Lakarkan lengkung yang akan diperolehi pada graf
yang diplot dalam b(i)
[1 mark]
(iv) Using Collision theory, explain the difference in the rate of reaction for both the
experiments above.
Dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran, terangkan perbezaan antara kadar
tindak balas bagi kedua-dua eksperimen.
[5 marks]

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4541
Section C
Bahagian C
1. (a) Catalyst is one of the factors affecting the rate of reaction. It is used widely in
industrial processes, such as the making of sulfuric acid.
What is a catalyst? Name the industrial process to produce sulphuric acid and the
catalysts used.
Mangkin adalah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Ia digunakan
dengan meluas di dalam industri misalnya dalam pembuatan asid sulfurik.
Apakah itu mangkin? Namakan proses pembuatan asid sulfurik dalam industri dan
mangkin yang digunakan
[3 marks]
(b) Catalyst is one of the factors affecting the rate of reaction. Give four characteristics of
a catalyst.
Mangkin adalah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Berikan empat
ciri-ciri bagi mangkin.
[3 marks]
(c) Using the collision theory, explain how a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical
reaction.
Dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran, terangkan bagaimana mangkin boleh
mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas kimia.
[4 marks]
(d) With the aid of a labelled diagram, describe an experiment that shows the effect of the
catalyst manganese(1V) oxide on the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
solution. Sketch a related graph to show the results of the experiment.
Dengan bantuan gambarajah yang berlabel, huraikan satu eksperimen untuk
menunjukkan kesan mangkin mangan(IV) oksida ke atas kadar tindak balas
penguraian larutan hidrogen peroksida. Lakarkan graf yang berkaitan bagi
menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen.
[10 marks]

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2. A student carried out three experiments to investigate the factors affecting the rate of
reaction. Table 2 shows the results of the experiments. The reaction between sodium
thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid produced sodium chloride, sulphur, sulphur dioxide and
water.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi
kadar tindak balas. Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen itu.Tindak balas
antara natrium tiosulfat dan asid hidroklorik menghasilkan natrium klorida, sulfur, sulfur
dioksida dan air.
Experiment Reactants Temperature Time taken for ‘X’ mark

Eksperimen Bahan tindak balas (oC) to disappear from sight/s
Suhu Masa untuk pangkah “X”
(oC) hilang dari penglihatan/s
50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3

sodium thiosulphate
solution + 5 cm3 of 1 mol
dm-3 hydrochloric acid
I 50 cm3 larutan natrium 30.0 18.0
tiosulfat 0.2 mol dm-3 +
5 cm3 asid hidroklorik 1.0
mol dm-3

sodium thiosulphate
II 50 cm3 larutan natrium 40.0 11.0
mol dm-3

sodium thiosulphate
III 50 cm3 larutan natrium 40.0 2.0
mol dm-3
Table 2
Jadual 2

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(a) (i) Based on Table 2,
● Arrange the rate of reaction for experiments I, II and III in ascending
order.
● state the factor that affect the rate of reaction between
(i) Experiment I and Experiment II
(ii) Experiment II and Experiment III
● write the chemical reaction for Experiment III
Berdasarkan Jadual 2
● Susunkan kadar tindak balas bagi eksperimen I,II dan III dalam
tertib menaik.
● Nyatakan faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas di antara
(i) Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II
(ii) Eksperimen II dan Eksperimen III
● Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk Eksperimen III
[5 marks]
(ii) Explain using collision theory the difference in the rate of reaction between
Experiment II and Experiment III.
Terangkan dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran perbezaan kadar tindak
balas antara Eksperimen II dan Eksperimen III.
[5 marks]
(b) Referring to Table 2, describe a laboratory experiment using the factor that affects
the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution and hydrochloric acid
in Experiment I and Experiment II . In your description, include an experiment
procedure, observation and an ionic equation.
Merujuk kepada Jadual 2, huraikan satu eksperimen yang menggunakan faktor
yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas di antara larutan natrium thiosulfat
dengan larutan asid hidroklorik dalam Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II. Dalam
huraian anda, sertakan kaedah eksperimen, pemerhatian dan persamaan ion.
[10 marks]

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Kertas 3
TAJUK : RATE OF REACTION/ KADAR TINDAK BALAS
Structure/ Struktur
1 Diagram 1.1 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to investigate the effect of
temperature on the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution and sulphuric
acid. In each set of the experiment, the size of conical flask used is 250 cm3. 50 cm3 of
0.05 mol dm-3 of sodium thiosulphate solution at 30oC is poured into a conical flask and
10 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 of sulphuric acid is added immediately into the sodium thiosulphate
solution. The conical flask is shaken and then placed on a white paper with mark ‘X’ as
shown in Diagram 1.1. The time taken for the mark ‘X’ to disappear from sight is
recorded.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan suhu ke atas
kadar tindak balas antara larutan natrium tiosulfat dan asid sulfurik. Dalam setiap
eksperimen, saiz kelalang kon yang digunakan adalah 250 cm3. 50 cm3 larutan natrium
tiosulfat 0.05 mol dm-3 pada suhu 30oC dimasukkan ke dalam sebuah kelalang kon dan 10
cm3 asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3 ditambah dengan cepat kepada larutan natrium tiosulfat itu.
Kelalang kon itu digoncangkan dan kemudian diletakkan di atas kertas putih yang ditanda
‘X’ seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah 1.1. Masa untuk tanda ‘X’ hilang dari pandangan
dicatatkan.
Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1
The experiment is repeated by the same volume and concentration of sodium

thiosulphate solution which is heated to 35ºC, 40ºC, 45ºC and 50ºC. Diagram 1.2
shows the readings of the stopwatch in each experiment.
Eksperimen itu diulangi untuk larutan natrium tiosulfat dengan isipadu dan kepekatan
yang sama dipanaskan pada suhu 35ºC, 40ºC, 45ºC dan 50ºC. Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan
bacaan jam randik bagi setiap eksperimen.
a(i) Record the stopwatch readings in the space provided in Diagram 1.2 below.
Catatkan bacaan jam randik pada ruang yang disediakan pada Rajah 1.2 di bawah.

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Set I Set II
Set I Set II
Temperature = 30ºC Temperature = 35ºC

Suhu Suhu
Time, t1 = _______________ Time, t2 = _______________

Masa Masa
Set III Set IV

Set III Set IV
Temperature = 40ºC Temperature = 45ºC

Suhu Suhu
Time, t3 = _______________ Time, t4= _______________

Masa Masa

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Set V
Set V
Temperature = 50ºC
Suhu
Time, t5 = ______________
Masa
Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2
[3 marks / 3 markah]
(b) Construct a table and record temperature, time and 1/time for this experiment.
Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan suhu, masa dan 1/masa untuk eksperimen ini.
(c) Plot a graph of temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution against 1/time on the graph
paper provided.
Lukiskan graf kepekatan natrium tiosulfat melawan 1/masa di atas kertas graf yang
disediakan.

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(d) Based on the graph, state the relationship between the temperature of sodium thiosulphate
solution and the rate of reaction.
Berdasarkan graf, nyatakan hubungan antara kepekatan larutan natrium tiosulfat dengan
kadar tindak balas.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
(e) State the operational definition for the rate of reaction based on this experiment.
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi kadar tindak balas berdasarkan eksperimen ini.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………….

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2 A student carried out an experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of
reaction between excess zinc powder and 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid.
The reaction is carried out at different temperatures; 25.0ºC, 30.0ºC, 40.0ºC, 50.0ºC and
60.0ºC. Time taken to collect 30.00 cm3 of hydrogen gas is recorded.
The stopwatch readings for each temperature are shown in Diagram 2.1.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan suatu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan suhu ke atas kadar
tindak balas di antara serbuk zink berlebihan dengan 25 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm-3.
Tindak balas dijalankan pada suhu yang berbeza; 25.0 ºC, 30.0 ºC, 40.0 ºC, 50.0 ºC and
60.0 ºC.
Masa yang diambil untuk mengumpulkan 30.00 cm3 gas hidrogen dicatatkan.
Bacaan jam randik bagi setiap suhu ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.1.
Temperature/0C Stopwatch reading Time taken / s

Suhu/ 0C Bacaan jam randik Masa yang diambil/s
25.0
30.0

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40.0
50.0
60.0
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
(a) Record the time for each temperature in Diagram 2.1.

Rekodkan bacaan suhu bagi Diagram 2.1

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(b) Tabulate the reading of temperature, time and 1/ time in the space provided.
Jadualkan bacaan suhu, masa dan 1/ masa di dalam ruangan yang disediakan.
(c)(i) Draw a graph of temperature against 1/ time on the graph paper.

Lukiskan graf suhu melawan 1/ masa pada kertas graf.

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c(ii) State the relationship between temperature and the rate of reaction.
Nyatakan perhubungan antara suhu dan kadar tindak balas .
..................................................................................................................................................
.
..................................................................................................................................................
. [3 marks/ 3 markah]

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c(iii) Predict the time taken for collecting 30.00 cm3 of hydrogen gas when the experiment was
carried out at 45.0 ºC.
Show on the graph how you determine the answer.
Ramalkan masa yang diambil untuk mengumpul 30.00 cm3 gas hidrogen pada 45.0ºC.
Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda memperolehi jawapan.
..................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks/ 3 markah]
(d) State the operational definition for the rate of reaction in this experiment .
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi kadar tindak balas dalam eksperimen ini
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks/ 3 markah]
(e) The experiment at 30.0oC is repeated by using a zinc strip to replace the zinc powder.
The time taken for the reaction to be completed is longer. Explain why.
Eksperimen pada suhu 30.0 oC diulangi dengan menggunakan kepingan zink untuk
menggantikan serbuk zink. Masa yang diambil untuk tindak balas lengkap adalah lebih
panjang. Terangkan mengapa.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks/ 3 markah]

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3 Diagram 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5 shows the apparatus set-up of Set I, Set II, Set III, Set IV
and Set V of an experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction
between sodium thiosulphate solution and hydrochloric acid. In each set of the experiment,
the size of the conical flask used is 250 cm3.
Rajah 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 dan 3.5 menunjukkan susunan radas Set I, Set II, Set III, Set IV dan
Set V bagi satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan suhu ke atas kadar tindak balas antara
larutan natrium tiosulfat dan asid hidroklorik . Bagi setiap set eksperimen itu, saiz
kelalang kon yang digunakan ialah 250 cm3
Se Apparatus set-up Observation

t Susunan radas Pemerhatian

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II

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III

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IV

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(a)(i) Based on Diagrams 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5, state an observation for this experiment.
Berdasarkan Rajah 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 dan 3.5, nyatakan satu pemerhatian dalam
eksperimen ini.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Based on the observation in 3(a)(i), state the inference.

Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam 3(a)(i), nyatakan inferens.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..........
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) For this experiment,state the:

Bagi eksperimen ini nyatakan :
Manipulated variable:
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Responding variable:
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Constant variable:
Pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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(d) State the operational definition for the rate of reaction in this experiment.
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi kadar tindak balas dalam eksperimen ini.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………........
…………………………………………………………………………………………………........
(e)(i) Based on Diagram 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5, complete Table 3.1.
Berdasarkan Rajah 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 dan 3.5 lengkapkan Jadual 3.1.
Set I II III IV V
Temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution 28 38 48 58 68
( 0C )
Suhu larutan natrium tiosulfat( 0C )
Time(s)
Masa(s)
1/time (s-1)
1/masa (s-1)
Table 3.1
Jadual 3.1
(e)(ii) Based on Table 3.1, plot a graph of temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution against 1/
time.
Berdasarkan jadual 3.1, plot graf suhu larutan natrium tiosulfat melawan 1/masa
State the relationship between the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution and the
(f)(i)
rate of reaction.
Nyatakan hubungan antara suhu larutan natrium tiosulfat dengan kadar tindak balas.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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(ii) Predict the time taken for the “ X ” mark to disappear from sight if the experiment is
carried out at 700C of sodium thiosulphate solution. Show on the graph how you determine
the time taken.
Ramalkan masa yang diambil bagi tanda “ X “ tidak kelihatan lagi jika eksperimen itu
dilakukan pada suhu 700C bagi larutan natrium tiosulfat. Tunjukkan pada graf itu
bagaimana anda menentukan masa yang diambil.
Time
Masa:……………………….s
(g)
The experiment of Set I is repeated by replacing the 250 cm3 conical flask with a smaller
conical flask.
The time taken for the mark “ X ” to disappear from sight is less than 20 seconds.
Explain why.
Eksperimen bagi Set I diulang dengan menggantikan kelalang kon 250 cm3 dengan
kelalang kon yang lebih kecil.
Masa yang diambil bagi tanda “ X “ tidak kelihatan lagi adalah kurang daripada 20 saat.
Terangkan mengapa.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(h) Classify the ions present in Set II by completing Table 3.2

Kelaskan ion-ion yang hadir dalam Set II dengan melengkapkan Jadual 3.2
Anions Cations
Anion Kation
Table 3.2
Jadual 3.2

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Kertas 3
Planning Experiment/ Merancang Eksperimen
1 Rate of reaction (Effect of particle size)

Kadar tindak balas ( Kesan Saiz Zarah)
During camping, a group of students discovered that it is easier to start a bonfire using
sticks rather than logs. This is due to the difference in size.
Referring to the above situation, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of
size of reactant on the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid.
Your planning should include following aspects:
Semasa perkhemahan, sekumpulan pelajar mendapati bahawa lebih mudah untuk
memulakan unggun api menggunakan kayu daripada kayu balak. Ini disebabkan oleh
perbezaan ukuran. Merujuk kepada situasi di atas, rancang eksperimen makmal untuk
menyiasat kesan ukuran bahan tindak balas terhadap kadar tindak balas antara kalsium
karbonat dan asid hidroklorik.
Perancangan anda harus merangkumi aspek berikut:
(a) Problem statement/ Pernyataan Masalah

(b) All the variables/ Semua Pemboleh ubah
(c) Hypothesis/ Hipotesis
(d) List of materials and apparatus/ Senarai Bahan dan Alat Radas
(e) Procedure/ Prosedur
(f) Tabulation of data/ Penjadualan data
[17 marks/ markah]

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2 Rate of reaction (Effect of temperature)

Kadar tindak balas (Kesan Suhu)
Food that is stored in a refrigerator will last longer than that of food stored in the kitchen
cabinet.
Makanan yang disimpan di dalam peti sejuk akan bertahan lebih lama daripada makanan
yang disimpan di dalam kabinet dapur.
Based on the above statement, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of
temperature on the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution and dilute
sulphuric acid. Your planning should include following aspects:
Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, rancang eksperimen makmal untuk menyiasat kesan suhu
pada kadar tindak balas antara larutan natrium tiosulfat dan asid sulfurik cair.
Perancangan anda harus merangkumi aspek berikut:

[17 marks/ markah]

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3 Rate of reaction (Effect of concentration)
Kadar tindak balas (Kesan Suhu)
Building in industrial areas are more corroded than those in housing areas. This is because
the concentration of acid in rainwater is higher in industrial areas.
Bangunan di kawasan perindustrian lebih terhakis daripada bangunan di kawasan
perumahan. Ini kerana kepekatan asid dalam air hujan lebih tinggi di kawasan
perindustrian.
Referring to the situation above, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of
concentration on the rate of reaction between a named acid and a named metal. Your
planning should include following aspects :
Merujuk kepada situasi di atas, rancang eksperimen makmal untuk menyiasat kesan
kepekatan pada kadar tindak balas antara asid bernama dan logam bernama.
Perancangan anda harus merangkumi aspek berikut :

[17 marks/ markah]
END OF QUESTION PAPER

KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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SCHEME OF WORK FOR RATE OF REACTION (PAPER 2)
SKEMA JAWAPAN KADAR TINDAK BALAS (KERTAS 2)
Bahagian A
1 a i Mol H2SO4 = 0.05(50) = 0.0025 mol 1

1000
Volume = 0.0025 x 24000 = 60cm3
Isipadu 1
ii Some of the CO2 has dissolved in water 1

Sedikit gas CO2 larut dalam air
b 3
c i 48/150 = 0.32 cm3s-1 1

ii (45-30)/120-60 = 0.25 cm3s-1 1
iii (48-42)/150-90 1
= 0.1 cm3s-1 1
total 10
2 a Hydrogen 1
Hidrogen
b 2
c i Ethanoic acid 1
Asid etanoik
ii Rate of reaction is higher in experiment II than in experiment I 1
Concentration of hydrogen ions in experiment II is higher than in 1
experiment I
Thus experiment II uses strong acid and weak acid used in experiment
1
I
Kadar tindak balas eksperimen II lebih tinggi daripada eksperimen I
Kepekatan ion hidrogen dalam asid di eksperimen II lebih tinggi
daripada asid dalam eksperimen I
Maka eksperimen I menggunakan asid lemah manakala eksperimen II
menggunakan asid kuat
d Cut the chicken to smaller pieces 1
The smaller the size of meat, the larger total exposed surface area 1
Absorb more heat 1
Potong ayam kepada kepingan yang lebih kecil
Semakin kecil saiz kepingan ayam, semakin besar jumlah luas
permukaan yang terdedah untuk
Menyerap lebih banyak haba
total 10
3 a i Pail B 1
Baldi B
ii The concentration of soap in pail B is higher 1
More anions of soap per unit volume to do cleansing action 1
Kepekatan sabun dalam baldi B lebih banyak.
Lebih banyak anion sabun per unit isipadu untuk menjalankan
tindakan pencucian
b i Saponification 1
Saponifikasi
ii Group 2 1
Kumpulan 2
iii Concentration of NaOH in group 2 is higher than in group 1 1
Thus, the number of ions per unit volume is higher in group 2 than 1
in group 1
Frequency of collision between reacting particles is higher in group
2 than in group 1 1
Frequency of effective collision between reacting particles is higher

in group 2 than in group 1 1
Rate of reaction is higher in group 2 than in group 1 1

Kepekatan larutan NaOH bagi kumpulan 2 lebih tinggi daripada
kumpulan 1
Maka bilangan ion per unit isipadu bagi NaOH dalam kumpulan 2
lebih tinggi daripada kumpulan 1
Frekuensi perlanggaran antara zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas
dalam kumpulan 2 lebih tinggi daripada kumpulan 1
Frekuensi perlanggaran berkesan antara zarah-zarah bahan tindak
balas dalam kumpulan 2 lebih tinggi daripada kumpulan 1
Kadar tindak balas bagi kumpulan 2 lebih tinggi daripada
kumpulan 1
total 10
4 a i Yellow precipitate 1
Mendakan kuning
ii Sulphur 1
Sulfur
b Na2S2O3 + 2HCl 🡪 2NaCl + SO2 + H2O + S 2
c i Rate of reaction in experiment 2 is higher than 1 1
Kadar tindak balas eksperimen 2 lebih tinggi daripada eksperimen 1
ii temperature in experiment 2 is higher than 1 1
particles move faster in experiment 2 is higher than 1 1
frequency of collision between reacting particles in experiment 2 is
higher than 1
frequency of effective collision between reacting particles in experiment
1
2 is higher than 1
Kadar tindak balas eksperimen 2 lebih tinggi daripada eksperimen 1
Suhu eksperimen 2 lebih tinggi daripada eksperimen 1
Frekuensi perlanggaran antara zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas
eksperimen 2 lebih tinggi daripada eksperimen 1
Frekuensi perlanggaran berkesan antara zarah-zarah bahan tindak
balas eksperimen 2 lebih tinggi daripada eksperimen 1
d 2
total 10
5 a i The rate of reaction of Experiment II is higher than Experiment I 1
Kadar tindak balas eksperimen II lebih tinggi daripada
eksperimen I
ii There is a catalyst, manganese (IV) oxide in Experiment II, no 1
catalyst in Experiment I.
Catalyst lowers the activation energy.
1
The frequency of effective collision is higher in experiment II
1
compared to experiment I.
Terdapat mangkin mangan(IV)oksida dalam eksperimen II tetapi
tiada mangkin dalam eksperimen 1
Mangkin merendahkan tenaga pengaktifan
Frekuensi perlanggaran berkesan dalam eksperimen II lebih tinggi
daripada eksperimen 1
b Volume of gas (cm3) 2

Isipadu gas (cm3)
c i 2H2O2 🡪 2H2O + O2 2
ii Place a glowing splinter into the test tube. 1
It will rekindle. 1
Masukkan kayu uji berbara ke dalam tabung uji.
Ia akan menyala.
Total 10
BAHAGIAN B
1 a (i) Change in quantity of reactant / product with time 1

Perubahan kuantiti bahan / hasil tindak balas terhadap masa
Size of reactant 1
Concentration of reactant 1
Temperature of reactant mixture 1
Presence of catalysts 1
Saiz bahan tindak balas
Kepekatan larutan
Suhu larutan
Kehadiran mangkin
b (i)
Exp 1 2 3 4 5 2
1 /T 0.042 0.033 0.024 0.016 0.009
c i The value of 1/ Time is directly proportional to rate of 1

reaction.
Nilai 1/masa berkadar langsung dengan kadar tindak balas
ii The higher the concentration of sodium thiosulphate, the 1

higher the rate of reaction.
Semakin tinggi kepekatan natrium tiosulfat, semakin tinggi
kadar tindak balas
d Na2S2O3 + H2SO4 🡪 S + SO2 + H2O + Na2SO4 1+1
e i The rate of reaction decreases. 1

Kadar tindak balas menurun
ii - HCl is a strong monoprotic acid 1
- sulphuric acid,is a strong diprotic acid.
1
- the concentration of hydrogen ions
- in hydrochloric is half of sulphuric acid, 1
HCl adalah asid monoprotik kuat

Asid sulfuric adalah asid diprotic kuat
Kepekatan ion hidrogen dalam
HCl separuh daripada asid sulfurik
TOTAL MARKS 20
2 a (i) The shorter the time, the higher the rate of reaction 1
Semakin singkat masa, semakin tinggi kadar tindakbalas
The longer the time, the lower the rate of reaction
Semakin lama masa, semakin rendah kadar tindakbalas
(Either one)
Example of slow reaction: -the rusting of pipes /iron gates
- formation of stalagmites and stalactites 1+1
1+1
Example of fast reaction: - combustion
-neutralisation
Tindak balas perlahan: -Pengaratan paip/ pagar besi

- Penghasilan stalatik dan stalagmik
Tindak balas cepat: - Pembakaran

- Peneutralan
b (i) 3
(ii)
● first minute = (31-13.5)/ (1.5-0.5) = 17.5cm3min-1 1

minit pertama 1
● third minute = (45-40.5) / (4-2.5) = 3cm3min-1 1
● minit ketiga 1
● The rate of reaction is higher in the first minute compared

to the third minute 1
● As time passes, more HCl will react with more CaCO3.
Thus, the concentration of HCl decreases with time 1
.Kadar tindak balas lebih tinggi pada minit pertama

berbanding minit ketiga
Apabila masa berlalu, lebih banyak CaCO3 yang bertindak
balas
(iii) Maka, kepekatan HCl berkurang dengan masa
Refer b(i) 1
Rujuk b(i)
iv ● The size of Calcium carbonate powder in the original 1
experiment is smaller than calcium carbonate chips in the new
experiment
● The total surface area of Calcium carbonate powder is larger
than calcium carbonate chips
● The frequency of collision between hydrogen ions and 1
Calcium carbonate in the original experiment is higher than in
1
the experiment using calcium carbonate chips
● The frequency of effective collision between hydrogen ions
and Calcium carbonate in the original experiment is higher than
in the experiment using calcium carbonate chips 1
● Hence, rate of reaction in the original experiment is higher than
the new one
1
● Saiz serbuk kalsium karbonat dalam eksperimen asal lebih kecil
daripada cebisan kalsium karbonat dalam eksperimen baru
● Jumlah luas permukaan serbuk kalsium karbonat dalam
eksperimen asal lebih besar daripada cebisan kalsium karbonat
dalam eksperimen baru
● Frekuensi perlanggaran Antara ion hydrogen dengan kalsium
karbonat dalam eksperimen asal lebih tinggi daripada dalam
eksperimen baru
● Frekuensi perlanggaran berkesan antara ion hydrogen dengan
kalsium karbonat dalam eksperimen asal lebih tinggi daripada
dalam eksperimen baru
● Kadar tindak balas dalam eksperimen asal lebih tinggi
daripada dalam eksperimen baru
TOTAL MARKS 20
BAHAGIAN C
1 a - a substance that changes the rate of reaction 1
- contact process
- vanadium(V)oxide
- Bahan yang mengubah kadar tindak balas

-proses sentuh
Vanadium(V)oksida
b -it does not undergo chemical change after the reaction 1

even though its physical property may change.
-Only a small quantity is required. 1
-It does not alter the amount of products formed. 1
-Tidak mengalami perubahan kimia tetapi mungkin berlaku

perubahan fizikal
-diperlukan di dalam kuantiti yang sedikit
-Tidak mengubah kuantiti hasil tindak balas
c -Catalyst lowers the activation energy. 1
-More reactant particles are able to overcome the activation energy 1
-Frequency of effective collisions between reacting particles 1

increases.
-Rate of reaction increases. 1
-mangkin merendahkan tenaga pengaktifan
-lebih banyak zarah-zarah bahan tindak balas dapat mengatasi
tenaga pengaktifan
- frekuensi perlanggaran berkesan Antara zarah-zarah bahan tindak
balas bertambah
- kadar tindak balas bertambah
d -Procedure:
2
- Pour 100 cm3 of hydrogen peroxide into a conical flask.
Tuang 100cm3 hydrogen peroksida ke dalam kelalang kon
-Add a little manganese(IV) oxide to the solution.

Tambahkan sedikit mangan(IV)oksida ke dalam larutan tersebut
-Start the stopwatch

Mulakan jam randik
-Collect the gas produced in a burette as shown above

Kutip gas yang terbebas ke dalam satu buret seperti di rajah atas
-Take the burette reading at every 30-second interval.

Ambil bacaan buret setiap 30 saat
-Record the data in the table below

Catat data dalam jadual di bawah 5
-Repeat the experiment without adding manganese(IV) oxide to the

hydrogen peroxide solution.
Ulang eksperimen tanpa menggunakan mangan (IV) oksida.
Results:
Time/ Masa (s) 0 30 60 90 120 150 1
Burette reading (cm3 )
Bacaan buret (cm3 )
Volume of gas (cm3)
Isipadu gas (cm3 )
1
graph I is with catalysts and II is without catalysts
Graf 1 menggunakan mangkin tetapi grag 2 tidak
Gradient of graph I is greater than that of graph II.
Kecerunan graf 1 lebuh daripada graf 2
Rate of reaction in graph 1 is higher than 2
Kadar tindak balas graf 1 lebih tinggi dari[ada graf 2
TOTAL MARK 20
2 a i Experiment I, Experiment II, Experiment III 1
Eksperimen I , Eksperimen II , Eksperimen III
Rate of reaction increases/ Kadar tindak balas bertambah
Experiment I and Experiment II: temperature

Eksperimen I and Eksperimen II: suhu 1
Experiment II and experiment III; Concentration

Eksperimen II and Eksperimen III: kepekatan 1
4. Correct formula / formula betul

5. Balance / seimbang 1
2 HCl + Na2S2O3 → 2 NaCl + SO2 + S + H2O 1
ii 1. The concentration of hydrochloric acid in Experiment III is 1

higher
Kepekatan HCl dalam eksperimen III lebih tinggi
1
2. The number of particles per unit volume in Experiment III is
higher compare to Experimant II
Bilangan zarah per unit isipadu lebih tinggi dalam eksprimen III
berbanding eksperimen II
3. The frequency of collision between hydrogen ions and

thiosulphate ions increases in Experiment III.
1
Frekuensi perlanggaran Antara ion hydrogen dan ion tiosulfat
bertambah dalam eksperimen III
4. The frequency of effective collision between hydrogen ions and

thiosulphate ions increases in Experiment III. 1
Frekuensi perlanggaran berkesan antara ion hydrogen dan ion
tiosulfat bertambah dalam eksperimen III
5. The rate of reaction increases in Exp III compare to Exp II

Kadar tindak balas eksperimen III bertambah berbanding 1
eksperimen II
1. 50cm3 of 0.2 moldm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution is

poured into conical flask
50cm3 0.2 moldm-3 larutan natrium tiosulfat di tuang ke dalam
kelalang kon
2. The initial temperature of the solution is observed & recorded

Suhu awal larutan diambil dan dicatat
3. The conical flask is placed on top of white paper with mark

‘X’ at the centre
Kelalang kon itu diletakkan di atas kertas yang ditanda ‘X’
4. 5 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid is poured quickly

into conical flask.
50cm3 0.2 moldm-3 asid hidroklorik di tuang ke dalam kelalang
kon
5. The stopwatch is started immediately
Jam randik dimulakan serta merta
6. The conical flask is swirled

Kelalang kon dipusarkan
7. The stopwatch is stopped immediately once the mark ‘X’

disappeared from sight and the time is recorded
Jam randik dihentikan sebaik sahaja tanda “X” hilang dari
penglihatan
8. The experiment is repeated using 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3

sodium thiosulphate solution using different temperature ,
35 0C, 40 0C, 45 0C and 50 0C
Eksperimen diulangi menggunakan 50cm3 0.2 moldm-3 larutan
natrium tiosulfat pada suhu 35 0C, 40 0C, 45 0C and 50 0C
Observation/ pemerhatian
9. Yellow precipitate
Mendakan kuning
Ionic equation/ Persamaan ion:

10. 2H+ + S2O3 -2 → SO2 + S + H2O
Total 20
SCHEME OF WORK FOR RATE OF REACTION (PAPER 3)
SKEMA JAWAPAN KADAR TINDAK BALAS (KERTAS 3)
Q No. Rubric / Sample answers Score

1(a) Able to record all reading accurately to one decimal point with
unit
Answer :
Set I = 55.0 s
3
Set II = 47.0 s
Set III = 42.0 s
Set IV = 37.0 s
Set V = 33.0 s
Able to record any 4 reading accurately//
Able to record all reading without decimal place// 2
Able to record all reading without unit

Able to record any 3 reading accurately 1
No response given / wrong answer 0
Q No. Rubric Score

1(b) Able to construct a table that contains the following information:
1. Heading in the table : temperature, time and 1/time with unit.
3
2. Transfer all temperature and time reading from (a) correctly.
3. Value of 1/time is uniform/consistent and with three decimal places.
Able to construct a table that contain following information:
1. Heading in the table : temperature, time and 1/time without
2
unit.
2. Transfer all temperature and time reading from (a) correctly.
Able to state an idea to construct a table 1
No response given / wrong response 0
1(c) Able to draw a graph correctly

1. Correct axis with unit
Vertical axis : temperature / oC, horizontal axis : 1/time / s-1
2. Consistent scale for temperature and 1/time 3
3. The graph at least half of the graph paper

4. All the point are transferred correctly
5. Best fit straight line and smooth
Able to draw a graph incorrectly
1. Correct axis without unit //
Inversed axis
Vertical axis : temperature , horizontal axis : 1/time 2
2. Consistent scale for temperature and 1/time

3. About 3 point are transferred correctly
4. Best fit straight line and smooth
Able to state an idea to draw the graph
1. Draw the vertical axis and horizontal axis 1
2. Straight line
1(d) Able to state the relationship between temperature and rate of
reaction correctly
Sample answer:
When the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution is higher,
3
the rate of reaction is higher//
When the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution is lower,
the rate of reaction is lower
Able to state the relationship between temperature and rate of

reaction incorrectly
Sample answer: 2
Different temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution, different

the rate of reaction//
Able to give an idea of the relationship between temperature and
rate of reaction
Sample answer:
1
Temperature affect the rate of reaction//
When temperature is higher, rate of reaction is faster//
Rate of reaction is directly proportional with temperature
No response given / wrong answer 0
Q No. Rubric Score

1(e) Able to give the operational definition accurately
Sample answer:
What should be observed : One per time taken for mark ‘X’ to disappear from 3
sight
What should be done : sulphuric acid is added into sodium thiosulphate solution
with different temperature.
One per time taken for mark ‘X’ to disappear from sight when sulphuric acid is
added into sodium thiosulphate solution with different temperature.
Able to state the meaning of the rate of reaction less accurately
Sample answer:
2
Time taken for mark ‘X’ to disappear from sight when sulphuric
acid is added into sodium thiosulphate solution with different temperature.
Able to give an idea for the meaning of the rate of reaction
Sample answer:
Time taken for mark ‘X’ to disappear from sight// 1
Sulphuric acid is added into sodium thiosulphate solution with

different temperature.

2(a) Able to record all the time taken at five different temperatures correctly with
one decimal place.
Answers:
3
Able to record the time taken correctly with no or two decimal places // Able to
record the time taken in at least 3 experiments with one decimal place correctly. 2
Able to record the time taken in two experiments correctly.

1
2(b) Able to construct a table correctly with the following aspects :

(i) Three column with correct quantities and units ;Temperature/ 0C ,
Time taken / s , 1/time / s-1
(ii) Correct all reading of time taken with one decimal place
(iii) Correct all reading of 1/ time to 3 decimal places.
Suggested answer:
3
Able to construct a table correctly with 2 following aspects

2
#If any of the time taken in 1(a) is wrong but transferred correctly in the table
Able to construct a table correctly with 1 following aspect
1

2(c) (i) Able to plot the graph with the following criteria :
(i) Both axes with correct labels and units
Y- axis : Temperature/ 0C [#Scale not necessary begin from 0] 3

X-axis : 1/ time / s-1 [#Scale must begin from 0]
(ii) Correct scale and all points are transferred correctly.
# size of the graph at least half of graph paper

#adp data from 1(a)
(iii)Best fit line
Able to plot the graph with the following criteria :

(i) reverse position of axes
2
(ii) 2 points are transferred correctly
(iii)Line
Able to give an idea to plot the graph
(i) Label at least one axis without unit 1
(ii) Line
2(c)(ii) Able to state the relationship between temperature and the rate of reaction
correctly
Sample answer
When the temperature increases, the rate of reaction increases// 3
The rate of reaction increases when temperature increases.//
When the temperature is higher, the rate of reaction is higher
Able to state the relationship between the rate of reaction and temperature
less correctly
Sample answer
The rate of reaction increases // 2
Rate of reaction is directly proportional to temperature//
The higher the rate , the higher the temperature
Able to give an idea of rate of reaction
Sample answer 1
The rate of reaction changes // increase
2(c)(iii Able to predict the time taken to collect 30 cm3 of hydrogen gas at 45.0 0C
) correctly with the following aspects :
(i) Show on the graph (extrapolate )
(ii) Show the calculation step
(iii) Time taken with correct unit and one decimal place
Answer
1/ time = 0.019 s-1 [value in range 0.018 0.020 s-1]
.: time = 52.6 s [ value in range 50.0 -55.6 s ]
Able to predict the time taken to collect 30 cm3 of hydrogen gas at 45.0 0C
with correct unit
Answer 2
Value in range: 0.016 ˂ 1/t ˂ 0.018 s-1 and 0.020 ˂ 1/t ˂ 0.022 s-1 ,
55.6 ˂ t ˂ 62.5 s and 45.5 ˂ t ˂ 50.0 s
Able to give an idea in prediction
1
Any value other than Score 3 and Score 2 // more than 48.0 s // less
2(d) Able to describe the following criteria : 3

(i) What should be done :
(ii) What should be observed
Sample answer
Time taken to collect hydrogen gas when hydrochloric acid is reacted with zinc
powder //
When hydrochloric acid is reacted zinc powder, time taken to collect gas is
recorded.
Able to describe the either criterion (i) or (ii)
Sample answer
Time taken to collect hydrogen gas //
hydrochloric acid is reacted with zinc powder//
The speed at which reactants are converted to products// 2
Rate of reaction = change in selected quantity

time taken
Able to give an idea for the rate of reaction
Sample answer 1
Time taken // Volume of hydrogen gas collected
2(e) Able to explain correctly with the following aspects.

(i) Zinc strip has bigger size
(ii) Smaller total surface area
(iii)The rate of reaction is lower
Sample answer 3
P1. Zinc strip has bigger size.
P2. Smaller total surface area of zinc that exposed
P3. The rate of reaction decreases/lower // Reaction is slow
Able to give 2 aspects correctly
2
Able to give one aspect correctly or an idea

Sample answer 1
Big size // Smaller total surface area // Rate of reaction is low
3(a)(i) Able to state one observation correctly 3

Answer:
A yellow precipitate is formed
Able to state one observation less correctly

Sample Answer:
2
A white precipitate is formed//precipitate
Able to give an idea of observation

Sample answer:
1
Residue is formed
3(a)(ii) Able to make inference correctly.
Answer 3
Sulphur is formed
Able to make inference less correctly
Sample answer: 2
Yellow solid is formed
Able to give an idea of inference
Sample answer: 1
insoluble
3(b)(ii) Able to state the three variables correctly 3

Sample answer
Manipulated Variable
Temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution
Responding Variable
Rate of reaction// time taken for mark ‘X’ to disappear
Constant variable
Concentration and volume of sodium thiosulphate solution//
Concentration and volume of hydrochloric acid// size of conical flask
Able to state any two variables correctly

2
Able to state any one variables correctly

1
3(c) Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the
responding variable and state the direction correctly
3
Sample answer
The higher the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution, the higher the rate of
reaction with hydrochloric acid
Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the
responding variable without stating the direction
Sample answer 2
The temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution, affects the rate of reaction with
hydrochloric acid
Able to give an idea of hypothesis. 1

Sample answer
Different temperature different rate of reaction
3(d) Able to give the operational definition for the rate of reaction correctly with the
following aspects
1. What you do 3
2. What you observe
Sample answer
Time taken for the ‘X’ mark to disappear from sight
Able to give the operational definition for the rate of reaction incompletetly with
any one of the following aspects
1. What you do
2. What you observe 2
Sample answer
Time taken// mark ‘X’ disappear from sight
Able to give an idea of operational definition for the rate of reaction
Sample answer: 1
Formation of precipitate
3(e) Able to complete the table correctly 3

Sample answer
Incomplete table
3(ii) Able to plot graph of temperature against 1/time with the following aspects:
3
1 Label axis with unit
2 All five points are transferred correctly.
Best straight line
Able to plot graph of temperature against 1/time with the following
aspects:
2
1 All three points are transferred correctly.
2. Best straight line
Able to give an idea to sketch a straight line 1
3(f)(i) Able to state the relationship between the temperature of sodium thiosulphate
solution and the rate of reaction correctly. 3
Sample answer
The higher the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution, the higher is the rate of
reaction
Able to state the relationship between the temperature of sodium thiosulphate

solution and the rate of reaction less correctly.
2
Sample answer
The rate of reaction is directly proportional to the temperature of sodium thiosulphate
solution
Able to give an idea of the relationship between the temperature of sodium
thiosulphate solution and the rate of reaction
1
Sample answer
Rate of reaction is higher// temperature increase
3(f)(ii) Able to predict the time accurately with unit shown on graph
Answer: 3
1/0.08 = 12.5s
Able to predict the time accurately without unit
Answer 2
12.5
Able to give an idea of predicting time

Able to give an idea of predicting time.
1
Sample answer
less than 13s
3(g) Able to explain relationship between base area of conical flask and amount of
sulphur formed correctly.
Sample answer
3
The smaller conical flask has a smaller base area. Thus the thickness of the sulphur is
increased
Able to explain relationship between base area of conical flask and amount of
sulphur formed less correctly
2
Sample answer
Smaller conical flask, more sulphur formed

Able to give an ideaof relationship between base area of conical flask and amount
of sulphur formed.
1
Sample answer
Thick sulphur formed
3(h) Able to classify all the four ions correctly

3
Sample answer
Anions Cations
Chloride ion, Cl- Hydrogrn ion,H+

Thiosulphate ion, S2O32- Sodium ion,Na+
Able to classify three ions correctly

2
Able to classify two ions correctly

1
Experiment/ Eksperimen
Question 1/ Soalan 1
Problem How does the particle size of reactant affect the rate of reaction? 3
statement/
Bagaimanakah saiz zarah bahan tindak balas mempengaruhi kadar
Pernyataan
tindak balas?
masalah
All the Manipulated variable/ Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : 3
variables/
Size of marble chips/ Saiz ketulan marmar
Semua
pemboleh ubah Responding variable/ Pembolehubah bergerak balas :
Rate of reaction / Kadar tindak balas
Fixed variable/Pembolehubah tetap :
Temperature / mass of marble chips /concentration and volume of
hydrochloric acid
Suhu / jisim ketulan marmar / kepekatan dan isipadu asid hidroklorik
Hypothesis/ When the size of marble chips decreases, the rate of reaction increases/ 3
Hipotesis Apabila saiz ketulan marmar berkurang, kadar tindak balas meningkat
List of Materials : 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, 2 g large marble chip, 2 g 3
materials and small marble chip, water
apparatus /
Senarai bahan Apparatus : 100 cm3 measuring cylinder, 150 cm3 conical flask, stopper
dan radas with delivery tube, basin, burette, electronic balance, retort stand and
clamp, and stopwatch
Bahan: Asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm-3, ketulan marmar besar 2 g, ketulan
marmar kecil 2 g, air
Alat radas: silinder penyukat 100 cm3, kelalang kon 150 cm3, penyumbat
dengan salur penghantar, basin, buret, keseimbangan elektronik, kaki
retod dan pengepit dan jam randik
Procedure/ 1. Fill a burette with water until it is full. 3
Prosedur 2. Invert the burette in a basin of water and clamp it vertically.
3. Record initial burette reading.
4. Measure 50 cm3 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, HCl using a
measuring cylinder. Transfer the acid into a conical flask.
5. Weigh 2 g of large marble chips. Put them into a conical flask.
6. Close the conical flask immediately with a stopper which is joined to
the delivery tube and start the stopwatch.
7. Record the burette reading at intervals of 30 seconds until the
reaction stops.
8. Repeat the steps 1 to 7 using 2 g of small marble chips to replace 2 g
of large marble chips.
1. Isi buret dengan air hingga penuh.

2. Terbalikkan buret di dalam basin yang berisi air dan letakkannya
secara menegak.
3. Rekodkan bacaan awal buret.
4. Ukur 50 cm3 0.1 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik, HCl menggunakan silinder
penyukat. Pindahkan asid ke dalam kelalang kon.
5. Timbang 2 g ketulan marmar besar. Masukkannya ke dalam kelalang
kon.
6. Tutup kelalang kon segera dengan penyumbat yang disambungkan ke
salur penghantar dan mulakan jam randik.
7. Catat bacaan buret pada selang 30 saat sehingga tindak balas
berhenti.
8. Ulangi langkah 1 hingga 7 menggunakan 2 g ketulan marmar kecil
untuk menggantikan 2 g ketulan marmar besar.
Tabulation of Small marble chips / Ketulan marmar kecil 2
data /
Times / s 0 30 60 90 120
Pengumpulan
data Burette reading / cm3
Volume of gas / cm3
Large marble chips / Ketulan marmar besar
Times / s 0 30 60 90 120
Burette reading /
cm3
Volume of gas / cm3
Problem How does the temperature of reactant affect the rate of reaction/ 3
statement/ Bagaimana suhu bahan tindak balas mempengaruhi kadar tindak
Pernyataan balas?
masalah
All the Manipulated variable/ Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi : Temperature of 3
variables/ Semua reactant (sulphuric acid) / Suhu bahan tindak balas
pemboleh ubah
Responding variable/ Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: Rate of reaction /
Kadar tindak balas
Fixed variable/ Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan: Mass of zinc /
concentration and volume of sulphuric acid / volume of hydrogen gas
released / Jisim zink / kepekatan dan isipadu asid sulfurik / isipadu gas
hidrogen yang dibebaskan
Hypothesis/ The higher the temperature of reactant, the higher the rate of reaction/ 3
Hipotesis Semakin tinggi suhu bahan tindak balas, semakin tinggi kadar tindak
balas
List of materials Materials : 0.5moldm-3 sulphuric acid, 2 cm zinc ribbon, water 3
and apparatus / Apparatus : 100cm3 measuring cylinder, 150cm3 conical flask, stopper
Senarai bahan with delivery tube, basin, burette, electronic balance, retort stand and
dan radas clamp, and stopwatch
Bahan: Asid sulfurik 0.5 moldm-3, pita zink 2 cm, air:
Alat radas: Silinder penyukat 100 cm3, kelalang kon 150 cm3,
penyumbat dengan salur penghantar, basin, buret, keseimbangan
elektronik, kaki retord dan pengepit, dan jam randik
4. Measure 50 cm3 0.1moldm-3 sulphuric acid using a measuring
cylinder. Transfer the acid into a conical flask.
5. Heat the sulphuric acid solution until 40°C. Swirl the conical flask.
6. Place 2 cm of zinc ribbon into a conical flask.
7. Close the conical flask immediately with a stopper which is joined to
the delivery tube and start the stopwatch.
8. Record the time taken to collect 25cm3 of hydrogen gas.
9. Repeat the steps 1 to 8 by heating sulphuric acid solution to the
temperature of 50°C.

2. Balikkan buret di lembangan air dan pasangkannya secara menegak.
3. Rekodkan bacaan buret awal.
4. Ukur 50 cm3 asid sulfurik 0.1moldm-3 menggunakan silinder
5. Panaskan larutan asid sulfurik hingga 40°C. Pusingkan kelalang
kon.
6. Letakkan 2 cm pita zink ke dalam kelalang kon.
7.Tutup kelalang kon segera dengan penyumbat yang disambungkan ke
tiub penyampaian dan mulakan jam randik.
8. Catat masa yang diambil untuk mengumpulkan 25 cm3 gas hidrogen.
9. Ulangi langkah 1 hingga 8 dengan memanaskan larutan asid sulfurik
hingga suhu 50°C.
Tabulation of Experiment Temperature / Time / s Experiment 2

data / °C
Pengumpulan
data I 40.0
II 50.0
Problem How does the concentration of acid affect the rate of reaction/ 3
statement/ Bagaimana kepekatan asid mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas?
Pernyataan
masalah
All the Manipulated variable : Concentration of sulphuric acid 3
variables/ Responding variable : Rate of reaction
Semua
pemboleh ubah Fixed variable : Volume of sulphuric acid / mass of zinc
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi: Kepekatan asid sulfurik
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: Kadar tindak balas
Pembolehubah tetap: Isipadu asid sulfurik / jisim zink
Hypothesis/ The higher the concentration of acid, the higher the rate of reaction/ 3
Hipotesis
Semakin tinggi kepekatan asid, semakin tinggi kadar tindak balas
List of Materials : Zinc powder, 0.1moldm-3 sulphuric acid, 1.0moldm-3 3
materials and sulphuric acid
apparatus /
Senarai bahan Apparatus : 100cm3 measuring cylinder, 150cm3 conical flask,
dan radas stopper with delivery tube, basin, burette, electronic balance, retort
stand and clamp, and stopwatch
Bahan: Serbuk zink, asid sulfurik 0.1moldm-3, asid sulfurik 1.0

moldm-3
Alat Radas: Silinder penyukat 100 cm3, kelalang kon 150 cm3,
penyumbat dengan salur penghantar, besen, buret, keseimbangan
elektronik, pengepit dan kaki retord, dan jam randik
4. Measure 50cm3 0.1moldm-3 sulphuric acid using a measuring
cylinder. Transfer the acid into a conical flask.
5. Place 2g of zinc powder into a conical flask.
6. Close the conical flask immediately with a stopper which is
joined to the delivery tube and start the stopwatch.
7. Record the time taken to collect 25cm3 hydrogen gas.
8. Repeat the steps 1 to 7 using 1.0moldm-3 sulphuric acid to
replace 0.1moldm-3 sulphuric acid.

2. Terbalikkan buret di dalam basin yang berisi air dan
pasangkannya secara menegak.
3. Rekodkan bacaan awal buret.
4. Ukur 50 cm3 asid sulfurik 0.1moldm-3 menggunakan silinder
5. Masukkan 2g serbuk zink ke dalam kelalang kon.
6. Tutup kelalang kon segera dengan penyumbat yang
disambungkan ke salur penghantar dan mulakan jam randik.
7. Catat masa yang diambil untuk mengumpul 25cm3 gas hydrogen.
8. Ulangi langkah 1 hingga 7 menggunakan asid sulfurik 1.0
moldm-3 untuk menggantikan asid sulfurik 0.1 moldm-3.
Tabulation of data / Experiment Concentration / Time / s 2
Pengumpulan data moldm-3
I 0.1
II 1.0
END OF MARKING SCHEME

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN BERAKHIR
Set 6
Carbon Compounds
Sebatian Karbon
4541
TAJUK: CARBON COMPOUND/ SEBATIAN KARBON
Section A
Bahagian A
1. Diagram 1.1 shows some examples of foods consisting of carbon compounds.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan beberapa contoh makanan yang terdiri daripada sebatian karbon.
Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1
a) i) What is the meaning of carbon compound
Apakah maksud sebatian karbon
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
ii) Carbon compounds can be classified into two groups namely organic compounds and
inorganic compounds. Give an example of an organic compound and an inorganic
compound.
Sebatian karbon boleh dikelaskan kepada dua kumpulan iaitu sebatian organik dan
sebatian tak organik. Nyatakan satu contoh sebatian organik dan sebatian tak
organik.
Organic compound : ____________________________________________________
Sebatian organik :
Inorganic compound: ___________________________________________________

Sebatian tak organik :
[2 marks]
b) Diagram 1.2 shows petroleum which is one of the sources of hydrocarbons. Compounds
W and X are examples of hydrocarbon compounds that can be obtained from petroleum.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan petroleum yang merupakan salah satu sumber hidrokarbon.
Sebatian W dan X merupakan contoh sebatian hidrokarbon yang boleh diperolehi
daripada petroleum.
Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

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i) Name the type of hydrocarbon of compound W and X. Give a reason for your choice.
Namakan jenis sebatian hidrokarbon W dan X . Berikan satu sebab untuk pilihan
anda.
Compund W : _________________________________________________________
Sebatian W
Reason : _________________________________________________________
Sebab
[2 marks]
Compund X : _________________________________________________________
Sebatian X
Reason : _________________________________________________________
Sebab
[2 marks]
ii) Compound X can be converted to Compound W through reaction Y and by using

reactant Z. Name reaction Y and reactant Z
Sebatian X boleh ditukarkan kepada Sebatian W melalui tindak balas Y dan dengan
menggunakan bahan tindak balas Z. Namakan tindak balas Y dan bahan tindak balas
Z tersebut.
Reaction Y : __________________________________________________________
Tindak balas Y :
Reactant Z : __________________________________________________________
Bahan tindak balas Z :
[2 marks]
iii) Exhaust gas from vehicles contain non-combustible hydrocarbons. State one health
problem to humans resulting from the release of these non-combustible hydrocarbons.
Gas ekzos daripada kenderaan mengandungi hidrokarbon yang tidak terbakar.
Nyatakan satu masalah kesihatan terhadap manusia akibat daripada pembebasan
hidrokarbon yang tidak terbakar ini.
____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

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2. Diagram 2.1 shows a gas cylinder containing a mixture of propane gas , C3H8
and butane gas, C4H10.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan selinder gas yang mengandungi campuran gas propana, C3H8
dan gas butana, C4H10.
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
a) i) State the general formula for the gas mixture contained in this gas cylinder
Nyatakan formula am bagi campuran gas yang terdapat dalam silinder gas ini
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
ii) Butane gas is an isomer. Draw two isomers of butane gas.
Gas butana adalah suatu isomer. Lukis dua isomer bagi gas butana.
[2 marks]
iii) Liquid X is a substance found in the same homologous series as the gas mixture in
a gas cylinder with the number of carbon atoms five. Predict the molecular formula
for liquid X and name the liquid X.
Cecair X merupakan bahan yang terdapat dalam siri homolog yang sama seperti
campuran gas di dalam silinder gas dengan bilangan atom karbon lima.
Ramalkan formula molekul bagi cecair X dan namakan cecair X tersebut.
Molecular formula of liquid X : _______________________________________

Formula molekul liquid X
Name of liquid X : _______________________________________

Nama cecair X
[2 marks]

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b) Nasrul conducted a fractional distillation experiment in his school laboratory to
separate propane gas, butane gas and liquid X. Nasrul found that the three substances
were distilled at different boiling points.
Nasrul menjalankan eksperimen penyulingan berperingkat di dalam makmal
sekolahnya untuk mengasingkan gas propana, gas butana dan cecair X .
Nasrul mendapati ketiga – tiga bahan tersebut disuling keluar pada takat didih
berbeza- beza.
i) Arrange the substances in the order of increasing boiling point.

Susunkan bahan-bahan tersebut dalam urutan penambahan takat didih.
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i)
Terangkan jawapan anda di (b)(i).
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
c) Write a balanced chemical equation for the combustion of propane gas in excess
oxygen gas.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang untuk pembakaran gas propana dalam gas
oksigen berlebihan.
_____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
3. Diagram 3.1 shows the flow chart of a series of changes in reaction that occur to alcohol
U. Alcohol U contains 3 carbon atoms per unit molecule.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan carta alir bagi beberapa siri tindak balas penukaran yang
berlaku ke atas alkohol U. Alkohol U mengandungi 3 atom karbon per unit molekul.

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a) Draw the structural formula of alcohol U

Lukiskan formula struktur bagi alkohol U
[1 mark]
b) i) Write the chemical equation of the dehydration reaction in reaction I.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas pendehidratan dalam tindak
balas penukaran I.
_______________________________________________________________
[ 1 mark]
ii) What can be observed when compound S is shaken with bromine water?
Apakah yang dapat diperhatikan apabila sebatian S digoncang dengan air
bromin?
_______________________________________________________________
[ 1 mark]
iii) Draw the labelled diagram for the apparatus set-up used for reaction I in
the laboratory.
Lukiskan rajah berlabel untuk susunan radas bagi tindak balas penukaran I
di makmal.
[2 marks]
c) i) Name the conversion reaction of II
Namakan tindak balas penukaran II
_______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
ii) Describe a chemical test to distinguish compound S and compound T in the
laboratory.
Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi membezakan sebatian S dan sebatian T di
dalam makmal.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
[2 mark]

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d) i) Name the reaction to produce compound W.
Nyatakan tindak balas untuk menghasilkan sebatian W.
_______________________________________________________________
[ 1 mark]
ii) State the name of compound W.
Nyatakan nama bagi sebatian W.
_______________________________________________________________
[ 1 mark]
4. Oils and fats are esters formed from fatty acids and glycerol. Diagram 4.1 shows the
structural formula of glyceryl trioleate which is a type of oil.
Minyak dan lemak ialah ester yang terbentuk daripada asid lemak dan gliserol. Rajah 4.1
menunjukkan formula struktur gliseril trioleat iaitu sejenis minyak.
Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1
a) Based on the structural formula in Diagram 4.1,

Berdasarkan formula struktur dalam Rajah 4.1,
i) Identify whether it is a type of saturated fat or unsaturated fat.

Kenal pasti sama ada ianya sejenis lemak tepu atau lemak tak tepu.
______________________________________________________________
[ 1 mark]
ii) Name the two functional groups found in the molecule.

Namakan dua kumpulan berfungsi yang terdapat dalam molekul tersebut.
______________________________________________________________
[ 2 marks]

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iii) Predict the color change that occurs when this substance is added with a little
acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution and shaken vigorously. Explain
your answer.
Ramalkan perubahan warna yang berlaku apabila bahan ini ditambahkan
dengan sedikit larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid dan digoncang dengan
kuat. Jelaskan jawapan anda.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[ 2 marks]
b) Diagram 4.2 shows palm oil fruit which can be used to make margarine and cooking
oil
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan buah kelapa sawit yang boleh digunakan untuk membuat
marjerin dan minyak masak.
Palm oil can be converted to margarine through process X. Name process X.

Minyak sawit boleh ditukarkan kepada marjerin melalui proses X. Namakan proses X.
_____________________________________________________________________
[ 1 mark]
i) State the temperature and catalyst used for this X process.
Nyatakan suhu dan mangkin yang digunakan untuk proses X ini.
_____________________________________________________________________
[ 2 marks]
ii) Palm oil has many advantages over other vegetable oils. Give two advantages of palm
oil.
Minyak sawit mempunyai kelebihan yang banyak berbanding dengan minyak sayuran
yang lain. Berikan dua kelebihan minyak sawit.
_____________________________________________________________________
[ 2 marks]

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5. Diagram 5.1 shows conversations related to the properties and uses of natural rubber.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan perubahan berkaitan sifat dan kegunaan getah asli.
a) Natural rubber monomers are isoprene or 2-methylbut-1,3-diene. Draw the structural

formula of natural rubber monomer.
Monomer getah asli ialah isoprena atau 2-metilbut-1,3-diena. Lukiskan formula
struktur bagi monomer getah asli.
[1 mark]
b) The statement below relates to the properties of natural rubber.
Pernyataan di bawah berkaitan dengan sifat getah asli.

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Explain why
Terangkan mengapa
i) When the rubber band is stretched and released, the rubber band will return to its
original shape
Apabila gelang getah diregang atau dilepaskan, gelang getah akan kembali
kepada bentuk asalnya
__________________________________________________________________
[ 1 mark]
ii) Getah asli mudah dioksidakan oleh oksigen
Natural rubber is easily oxidized by oxygen.
__________________________________________________________________
[ 1 mark]
iii) Natural rubber is suitable for making erasers.
Getah asli sesuai digunakan untuk membuat getah pemadam.
__________________________________________________________________
[ 1 mark]
c) Figure 5.2 shows a rubber particle found in latex.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan satu zarah getah yang terdapat dalam lateks.
Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2
i) Name the parts labelled
Namakan bahagian – bahagian yang berlabel
A: ______________________________________________
B: ______________________________________________
C. ______________________________________________
[3 marks]

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ii) Why is latex obtained from rubber trees not coagulated even if it is left for 2 to 3
hours?
Mengapakah lateks yang diperolehi daripada pokok getah tidak mengalami
penggumpalan walaupun dibiarkan selama 2 hingga 3 jam?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[ 2 marks]
iii) Name one type of carboxylic acid that contains one carbon atom that can speed
up the coagulation of latex.
Namakan satu jenis asid karboksilik yang mengandungi satu atom karbon yang
dapat mempercepatkan penggumpalan lateks.
________________________________________________________________
[ 1 mark]

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Section B
Bahagian B
1 (a) Latex needs to be retained in liquid form for export. Suggest a chemical substance that
can be added to the latex to keep the latex in liquid form.
Explain how the chemical acts.
Lateks perlu dikekalkan dalam bentuk cecair untuk dieksport ke luar negara. Cadangkan
satu bahan kimia yang boleh ditambahkan ke dalam lateks bagi mengekalkan lateks dalam
bentuk cecair.
Terangkan bagaimana bahan kimia itu bertindak.
[4 marks]
(b) The properties of natural rubber can be improved by heating it together with sulfur.
The rubber formed is known as vulcanized rubber.
Sifat getah asli boleh di tambah baik dengan memanaskannya bersama dengan sulfur.
Getah yang terbentuk di kenali sebagai getah tervulkan.
i) Name the process producing the vulcanized rubber

Namakan proses penghasilan getah tervulkan
ii) Compare the difference between natural rubber and vulcanized rubber in terms of:
● Elasticity
● Heat resistance
● Hardness
Banding beza getah asli dan getah tervulkan dari segi:

● Kekenyalan
● Ketahanan terhadap haba
● Kekerasan
iii) Draw the formula of vulcanized rubber structure and explain the difference when
compared to the formula of natural rubber structure
Lukiskan formula struktur getah tervulkan dan terangkan perbezaannya jika di
bandingkan dengan formula struktur getah asli
[10 marks]

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(c) Diagram 1.1 shows the percentage composition of saturated and unsaturated fats in four
types of cooking oil.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan peratus komposisi bagi lemak tepu dan lemak tak tepu dalam
empat jenis minyak masak.
Classify cooking oils W, X, Y and Z in terms of:

Kelaskan minyak masak W,X,Y dan Z dari segi:
i) saturated fats and unsaturated fats

lemak tepu dan lemak tak tepu
ii) physical condition at room temperature

keadaan fizikal pada suhu bilik
iii) melting point

takat lebur
[6 marks]

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4541
2. a) Table 2.1 shows the number of carbon atoms per molecule alcohol and the boiling point of
methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol and butan-1-ol.
Jadual 2.1 menunjukkan bilangan atom per molekul alkohol dan takat didih bagi metanol,
etanol, propan-1-ol dan butan-1-ol.
Alcohol Number of carbon atoms per Boiling point (˚C)

Alkohol molecule alcohol Takat didih (˚C)
Bilangan atom karbon per
molekul alkohol
Methanol
1 65
Metanol
Ethanol
2 78
Etanol
Propan-1-ol
3 97
Propan-1-ol
Butan-1-ol
4 117
Butan-1-ol
Table 2.1
Jadual 2.1
i) By using the data in Table 2.1, plot a graph of melting point against the number of carbon
atoms per molecule alcohol.
Dengan menggunakan data pada jadual 2.1, plot satu graf takat didih melawan bilangan
atom per molekul alkohol.
[3 marks]
ii) Name an alcohol that has five carbon atoms and draw its structural formulae. Predict the
boiling point of the alcohol and explain the reason for your prediction.
Namakan alkohol yang mempunyai lima atom karbon dan lukiskan formula strukturnya.
Ramalkan takat didih alkohol tersebut dan terangkan sebab untuk ramalan anda.
[6 marks]

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4541
b) Teacher Neela is discussing the conversion of compound P to compound Q and ester R to
her students. She states that compound P can be produced through fermentation of glucose.
Cikgu Neela sedang membincangkan penukaran sebatian P kepada sebatian Q dan ester R
kepada pelajarnya. Beliau menyatakan bahawa sebatian P boleh dihasilkan melalui proses
penapaian glukosa.
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
Based on the diagram 2.1;

Berdasrkan rajah 2.1;
i) State the reagent used for oxidation process to converse compound P to Compound Q and
write the chemical equation involved
Nyatakan bahan tindak balas yang digunakan untuk proses pengoksidaan dalam penukaran
sebatian P kepada sebatian Q dan tuliskan persamaan kimia yang terlibat.
ii) Identify the homologous series, molecular formulae and structural formulae of compounds
P, Q and R
Kenal pasti siri homolog, formula molekul dan formula struktur bagi sebatian P, sebatian Q
dan sebatian R.
[11 marks]

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Section C
Bahagian C
1. a) Teacher Yatie gave three unlabeled reagent bottles containing ethane liquid, ethene
liquid and ethanoic acid solution to her two chemistry students. She asked their
help to identify the type of material found in each reagent bottle.
Cikgu Yatie memberikan tiga botol reagen yang tidak berlabel yang mengandungi
cecair etana, cecair etena dan larutan asid etanoik kepada dua orang pelajar
kimianya. Beliau telah meminta bantuan pelajarnya untuk mengenalpasti jenis
bahan yang terdapat dalam setiap botol reagen tersebut.
Diagram 1.1 show how his chemistry students plan and conduct the experiments to
identify the three carbon compounds through their knowledge of the chemical
properties of carbon compounds.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan bagaimana pelajar kimia beliau merancang dan
melaksanakan eksperimen untuk mengenal pasti ketiga-tiga sebatian karbon
tersebut melalui pengetahuan mereka tentang sifat-sifat kimia sebatian karbon.
Based on the experiments conducted by the two students

Berdasarkan ujikaji yang dijalankan oleh kedua-dua pelajar tersebut,
i) State observations when ethane liquid, ethene liquid and ethanoic acid
solution was tested with acidic potassium manganate(VII) solution and
magnesium metal.
Nyatakan pemerhatian apabila cecair etana, cecair etena dan larutan asid
etanoik diuji dengan larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid dan logam
magnesium.
ii) Include chemical equations for the reaction that took place
Sertakan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku
[10 marks]

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4541
b) The composition of organic compounds can be determined by burning them in air
and then reviewing the resulting materials.
Komposisi sebatian organik dapat ditentukan dengan membakarnya dalam udara
dan seterusnya mengkaji bahan yang terhasil.
Diagram 1.2 shows some examples of organic compounds.

Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan beberapa contoh sebatian organik.
Using the material found in Diagram 1.2, describe one experiment to determine the
combustion products of organic compounds. Your description must contain:
Dengan menggunakan bahan yang terdapat dalam Rajah 1.2, huraikan satu
eksperimen untuk menentukan hasil pembakaran sebatian organik. Huraian anda
perlu mengandungi:
i) Apparatus and materials

Radas dan bahan
ii) Procedures
Prosedur
iii) Combustion products of organic compound

Hasil pembakaran sebatian organik
[10 marks]

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4541
2 a) Esters are found naturally in fruits and the fragrant smell of fruit is due to the presence
of esters. For example, the smell of apples is due to methyl butanoate ester and the
the smell of orange fruit is due to the octyl ethanoate ester.
Diagram 2.1 shows the presence of the ester in an apple and orange.
Ester terdapat secara semula jadi dalam buah-buahan dan bau wangi buah adalah
disebabkan kehadiran ester. Contohnya bau buah epal adalah disebabkan ester metil
butanoat dan bau buah oren adalah di sebabkan ester oktil etanoat.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan kehadiran ester dalam buah epal dan oren.
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
i) State the functional group of ester

Nyatakan kumpulan berfungsi bagi ester
ii) Draw the structural formula for methyl butanoate ester

Lukiskan formula struktur bagi ester metil butanoat
iii) For the two esters above,

Bagi kedua-dua ester diatas,
● State the type of alcohol and carboxylic acid used

Nyatakan jenis alkohol dan asid karboksilik yang digunakan
● Write the chemical equation for the esterification reaction involved

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas pengesteran yang terlibat
[10 marks]

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b) Juwita plans to produce the smell of pineapple which is an ethyl butanoate ester
in her school chemistry lab.
Describe an experiment to help Juwita prepare ethyl butanoate ester. Your
description should contain
Juwita bercadang untuk menghasilkan bau nanas yang merupakan ester etil butanoat
di makmal kimia sekolahnya.
Huraikan satu eksperimen untuk membantu Juwita untuk menyediakan ester etil
butanoat. Huraian anda perlu mengandungi
● Apparatus and materials

Radas dan bahan
● Procedure
Prosedur
● Two physical properties of esters other than fragrant smell

Dua sifat fizik ester selain daripada bau wangi
[10 marks]

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1. A student conducts an experiment to determine the boiling point of four organic
compounds consisting of different homologous series. The student used ethane gas,
ethene gas, ethanol liquid and glacial ethanoic acid which have the same number of
carbon atoms even though they are in different homologous series. Diagram 1.1
shows the boiling point of the four organic compounds.
[Relative atomic mass: H = 1; C = 12; O = 16 ]
Seorang murid menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan takat didih empat
sebatian organik yang terdiri daripada siri homolog yang berbeza . Pelajar tersebut
telah menggunakan gas etana, gas etena, cecair etanol dan asid etanoik yang
mempunyai bilangan atom karbon yang sama walaupun terdapat dalam siri homolog
yang berbeza-beza. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan takat didih bagi keempat-empat sebatian
organik tersebut.
[Jisim atom relatif: H = 1; C = 12; O = 16 ]
Boiling point of ethane Boiling point of ethene

Takat didih etana = ______ ˚C Takat didih etena = ______ ˚C
Boiling point of ethanol Boiling point of ethanoic acid

Takat didih etanol = ______ ˚C Takat didih asid etanoik = ______ ˚C
Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1
a) Record the boiling point of organic compounds in the spaces provided in Diagram
1.1.
Rekodkan bacaan takat didih bagi sebatian organik dalam ruang yang disediakan
dalam Rajah 1.1
[3 marks]

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4541
b) Based on the Diagram 1.1, construct a table to record the boiling point of all the
organic compounds
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, bina satu jadual untuk mencatat takat didih semua
sebatian organik.
[3 marks]
c) Complete Table 1.1 by calculating the relative molecular mass of each given
organic compound.
Lengkapkan Jadual 1.1 dengan menghitung jisim molekul relatif bagi setiap
sebatian organik yang diberikan.
Organic compound Molecular formulae Relative molecular mass

Sebatian organik Formula molekul Jisim molekul relatif
Ethane
C2H6
Etena
Ethene
C2H4
Etana
Ethanol
C2H5OH
Etanol
Ethanoic acid
CH3COOH
Asid etanoik
Table 1.1
Jadual 1.1
[3 marks]
d) i) Based on Diagram 1.1, state one observation for this experiment.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, nyatakan satu pemerhatian bagi eksperimen ini.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
ii) Give the corresponding inference based on your answer in 1 (d)(i)

Beri inferens yang sepadan berdasarkan jawapan anda di (d)(i)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

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e) For this experiment, state
Bagi eksperimen ini, nyatakan
i) the manipulated variable

pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan
_______________________________________________________________
ii) the responding variable

pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
_______________________________________________________________
iii) the fixed variable

pemboleh ubah dimalarkan
_______________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
f) State one hypothesis for this experiment.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
g) State the operational definition for boiling point of this experiment.
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi takat didih untuk eksperimen ini.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
h) Diagram 1.2 shows reaction of ethanol and ethanoic acid to produce compound X.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan tindak balas etanol dengan asid etanoik bagi
menghasilkan sebatian X.
Rajah 1.2

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i) Name the compound X.

Nyatakan nama sebatian X.
________________________________________________
ii) Name the homologous series of compound X.

Namakan siri homolog sebatian X.
________________________________________________
iii) Write the molecular formula of compound X.

Tuliskan formula molekul sebatian X.
________________________________________________
[3 marks]
i) Draw the structural formulae of ethanol, ethanoic acid and compound X.
Lukiskan formula struktur bagi etanol, asid etanoik dan sebatian X.
[3 marks]
j) All organic compounds used and produced in this experiment are listed below.
Semua sebatian organik yang digunakan dan yang dihasilkan dalam eksperimen
ini disenaraikan di bawah.
Classify these substances into hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon compounds.

Kelaskan bahan-bahan ini kepada sebatian hidrokarbon dan sebatian bukan
hidrokarbon.
[3 marks]

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2. Fats can be classified into two types, namely saturated fats and unsaturated fats.
Diagram 2.1 shows the structural formula of the two types of fats labeled as fat A and
fat B.
Lemak boleh di kelaskan kepada dua jenis iaitu lemak tepu dan lemak tak tepu. Rajah
2.1 menunjukkan formula struktur dua jenis lemak yang di label sebagai lemak A dan
lemak B.
Fat A Fat B
Lemak A Lemak B
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
A student conducts an experiment to compare the reactivity of fats A and fats B based
on the type of bond found in fat molecules.
Seorang murid menjalankan eksperimen untuk membandingkan kereaktifan lemak A
dan lemak B berdasarkan jenis ikatan yang terdapat dalam molekul lemak.
This student adds 2 cm3 of liquid fat A into a test tube. Then 1 cm3 of bromine water,
Br2 is added to the test tube and shaken. Observations of color change, if any, are
observed by the student. Then these steps are repeated using liquid fat B.
Murid tersebut memasukkan 2 cm3 cecair lemak A ke dalam tabung uji. Kemudian, 1
cm3 air bromin, Br2 ditambahkan ke dalam tabung uji itu dan digoncangkan.
Pemerhatian terhadap perubahan warna , jika ada, diperhatikan oleh murid tersebut.
Kemudian langkah-langkah tersebut diulangi dengan menggunakan cecair lemak B
pula.
Next this activity is repeated again by this student by replacing bromine water with a
acidified potassium manganate (VII), KMnO4 solution.
Seterusnya aktiviti ini diulang lagi sekali oleh murid itu dengan menggantikan air
bromin dengan larutan kalium manganat (VII), KMnO4 berasid.

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4541
a) i) Record the observations obtained by the student in Table 2.1.
Rekod pemerhatian yang diperolehi oleh murid itu di dalam Jadual 2.1.
Observation
Pemerhatian
Type of fat With acidified potassium manganate
Jenis lemak With Bromine water (VII) solution
Dengan air bromin Dengan larutan kalium manganat
(VII) berasid
Fat A
Lemak A
Fat B
Lemak B
Table 2.1 [3 marks]
Jadual 2.1
ii) Match fat A and fat B according to the type of bond and the type of fat based
on the observations obtained in (a)(ii).
Padankan lemak A dan lemak B mengikut jenis ikatan dan jenis lemak
berdasarkan pemerhatian yang diperolehi di (a)(ii)
b) For this experiment, state

i) the manipulated variable
pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan
_______________________________________________________________
ii) the responding variable

pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
_______________________________________________________________
iii) the fixed variable

pemboleh ubah dimalarkan
_______________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

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c) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
d) State the operational definition for the reactivity of the reaction in this experiment.
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi kereaktifan tindak balas untuk eksperimen
ini.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
e) State the fat that is more reactive. Explain your answer.

Nyatakan lemak yang lebih reaktif. Terangkan jawapan anda.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
f) Based on the structural formula of fat A and fat B as well as the type of bond
present in both compounds, predict the sootiness of flame for both fats based on
the percentage of carbon by mass. Describe your prediction.
Berdasarkan formula struktur lemak A dan lemak B serta jenis ikatan yang hadir
di dalam kedua-dua sebatian, ramalkan kejelagaan nyalaan bagi kedua-dua
lemak berdasarkan peratus karbon mengikut jisim. Huraikan ramalan anda.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

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g) Diagram 2.2 shows the process of converting fat B to fat A.

Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan proses penukaran lemak B kepada lemak A.
Name the process and state the catalyst and temperature used in this reaction.
Namakan proses tersebut dan nyatakan mangkin serta suhu yang digunakan
dalam tindak balas ini.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
h) Diagram 2.3 shows fat B which is an organic compound that has three types of
functional groups.
Rajah 2.3 menunjukkan lemak B yang merupakan sebatian organik yang
mempunyai tiga jenis kumpulan berfungsi.
Diagram 2.3
Rajah 2.3
Study the structural formula of fat B in Diagram 2.3 and list the three functional
groups present in the compound.
Kaji formula struktur lemak B dalam rajah 2.3 dan senaraikan tiga kumpulan
berfungsi yang hadir dalam sebatian tersebut.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

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i) The esterification reaction between fatty acid and glycerol produces oil and fat.
Based on the structural formula in figure 2.4, write the chemical equation for the
production of fat A.
Tindak balas pengesteran antara asid lemak dengan gliserol menghasilkan
minyak dan lemak. Berdasarkan formula struktur dalam rajah 2.4, tuliskan
persamaan kimia bagi penghasilan lemak A.
Diagram 2.4
Rajah 2.4
[3 marks]

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j) Diagram 2.5 shows a few types of saturated and unsaturated fats used in daily life.
Rajah 2.5 menunjukkan beberapa jenis lemak tepu dan lemak tak tepu yang
digunakan dalam kehidupan seharian.
Classify the foods above into saturated and unsaturated fats.

Kelaskan makanan di atas kepada lemak tepu dan lemak tak tepu.
[3 marks]

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1 Mr. Ali is a rubber plantation entrepreneur. Rubber factory A wants to buy latex in liquid
form while rubber factory B wants to buy latex in solid form to produce tyres.
En. Ali adalah seorang pengusaha ladang getah. Kilang getah A mahu membeli lateks
dalam bentuk cecair manakala kilang getah B mahu membeli lateks dalam bentuk pepejal
untuk pembuatan tayar.
Diagram 1 shows a flow chart to prepare the rubber for rubber factory A and rubber factory
B by Mr. Ali.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan carta alir untuk menyediakan getah bagi kilang getah A dan kilang
getah B oleh En. Ali.
Using suitable substances and apparatus, plan one laboratory experiment to study the
coagulation and prevention of coagulation of latex.
makmal untuk mengkaji penggumpalan dan pencegahan penggumpalan lateks.
.

Pernyataan masalah

Semua pemboleh ubah


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4541

Prosedur eksperimen

Penjadualan data
[17 marks]
2. The conversation below is about an experiment to identify three different types of organic
compounds based on its sootiness of flame.
Perbualan di bawah adalah mengenai eksperimen untuk mengenalpasti tiga jenis sebatian
organik yang berbeza berdasarkan kejelagaan nyalaan.

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Using suitable substances and apparatus, plan one laboratory experiment to identify three
different types of organic compounds based on its sootiness of flame.
makmal untuk untuk mengenalpasti tiga jenis sebatian organik yang berbeza
berdasarkan kejelagaan nyalaan
.

Pernyataan masalah

Semua pemboleh ubah



Prosedur eksperimen

Penjadualan data
[17 marks]

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SEBATIAN KARBON
SKEMA KERTAS 2 : CARBON COMPOUNDS/SEBATIAN KARBON
Section A
Bahagian A
1 a i Carbon compounds are compounds that contain carbon elements 1

that have been combined with other elements
Sebatian karbon ialah sebatian yang mengandungi unsur karbon
yang telah bergabung dengan unsur lain
ii Organic compound : Fats 1
Lemak
Inorganic compound : Calcium carbonate 1

Kalsium karbonat
Other correct example are accepted

b i Compound W : Hidrokarbon tepu 1
Saturated hydrocarbon
Reason contains only a single bond between one 1
carbon atoms with other carbon atoms
mengandungi ikatan tunggal sahaja antara satu
atom karbon dengan atom karbon yang lain
Compound X : Hidrokarbon tak tepu 1
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
Reason contains a double bond between one 1
carbon atoms with other carbon atoms
mengandungi satu ikatan ganda dua antara satu
atom karbon dengan atom karbon yang lain
ii Reaction Y : Hydrogenation 1
Penghidrogenan
Reactant Z : Hydrogen gas 1

Gas Hidrogen
Must write the states of matter
iii Difficulty in breathing 1
Kesukaran bernafas
Total marks 10

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2 a i CnH2n+2 1
ii
iii Molecular formula : C5H10 1

Name of liquid X : Pent-1-ane 1
Pent-1-ana
b i Propane gas, butane gas, liquid X 1
Gas propana, gas butana, cecair X
ii 1. molar mass and molecular size increase with increasing 1
number of carbon atoms
jisim molar dan saiz molekul bertambah dengan pertambahan
bilangan atom karbon
2. The heat required to overcome the attraction between 1
molecules increases
Haba yang diperlukan untuk mengatasi daya tarikan antara
molekul bertambah
c 1. Correct formula of reactant and product 1
Formula bahan tindak balas dan hasil tindak balas yang betul 1
2. Balanced equation
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
Total marks 10

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3 a
1
b i C3H7OH → C3H6 + H2O 1

ii Brown colour of bromine water decolourises
1
Warna perang air bromin dinyahwarnakan
iii 1. Functional diagram 1
Rajah yang berfungsi
2. Labelled diagram 1
Rajah yang dilabel
c i Hydrogenation
1
Penghidrogenan
ii 1. Add 2 cm3 of liquid S and liquid T to two different test tubes 1
and add a few drops of acidic potassium manganate (VII)
solution and heat slowly
Tambah 2 cm3 cecair S dan cecair T ke dalam dua tabung uji
yang berlainan dan tambah beberapa titis larutan kalium
manganat(VII) berasid dan panaskan secara perlahan
2. Compound S decolourises the purple color of acidic potassium 1
manganate (VII) solution while compound T does not show any
clour change
Sebatian S melunturkan warna ungu larutan kalium
manganat(VII) berasid manakala sebatian T tidak menunjukkan
sebarang perubahan
d i Esterification
1
Pengesteran
ii Propyl propanoate
1
Propil propanoat
Total 10

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4 a i Unsaturated fats 1
Lemak tak tepu
ii Single covalent bond // Double covalent bond // Carboxylate 2
Ikatan kovalen tunggal//Ikatan kovalen ganda dua//karboksilat
Any two
iii 1.Purple colour solution decolourises 1
Warna ungu larutan dinyahwarnakan
2.The OH molecule is added to two carbon atoms that have a 1
double bond
Molekul OH ditambah pada dua atom karbon yang
mempunyai ikatan ganda dua
b i Hydrogenation 1
Penghidrogenan
ii Temperature : 150˚C - 200˚C 1
Catalyst : Nickel 1
Nikel
iii Rich in beta carotene which contains vitamin A.
Rich in vitamin E.
Does not contain cholesterol
Easy to digest and absorbed by the body
Cheaper
Fixed proportions between saturated fats and unsaturated fats
Suitable for frying
Purified physically without the use of chemical solvents
Kaya dengan beta karotena yang mengandungi vitamin A
2
Kaya dengan vitamin E
Tidak mengandungi kolesterol
Senang dicernakan dan diserap oleh badan
Lebih murah
Perkadaran yang tetap antara lemak tepu dan lemak tak tepu
Sesuai untuk menggoreng
Ditulenkan secara fizikal tanpa penggunaan pelarut kimia
Choose any two

Total 10

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5 a i
1
b i Natural rubber is elastic

1
Getah asli kenyal
ii Oxygen can be added to double bonds in natural rubber
molecules 1
Oksigen boleh ditambahkan pada ikatan ganda dua dalam
molekul getah asli
iii Soft
1
Lembut
c i A : Negative charges
1
Cas negatif
B : Protein membrane
1
Membran protein
C : Rubber molecule
1
Molekul getah
ii 1. Protein membrane in rubber particles are negatively charged
Membran protein zarah getah bercas negatif 1
2. So, the rubber particles cannot get close to each other
Jadi, zarah-zarah getah tidak dapat mendekati satu dengan 1
yang lain
iii Methanoic acid
1
Asid metanoik
Total 10

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Section B
Bahagian B
1 a 1. Ammonia solution 1
2. Its contains hydroxide ions 1
3. Hydroxide ions neutralize the asid produced by the action of 1
bacteria in latex
4. So, the negative charge remains around the rubber particles 1
and they repel each other
1. Larutan ammonia
2. Ia mengandungi ion hidroksida
3. Ion hidroksida meneutralkan asid yang dihasilkan oleh
tindakan bakteria dalam lateks
3. Jadi, zarah-zarah getah kekal bercas negatif dan menolak
antara satu sama lain
b i Vulcanization 1
Pemvulkanan
ii
Type of rubber Natural rubber Vulcanized rubber
Jenis getah Getah asli Getah tervulkan 2
Elasticity Less elastic More elastic
Kekenyalan Kurang kenyal Lebih kenyal
Heat resistance Becomes soft and Does not become 2
Ketahanan sticky when soft and sticky
terhadap haba heated Tidak menjadi
Menjadi lembut lembut dan
dan melekit melekit
apabila
dipanaskan 2
Hardness Soft Hard
Kekerasan Lembut Keras
iii 1. 1
2. There is a cross chain of sulfur atoms between rubber 1

molecules in vulcanized rubber compared to natural rubber
Terdapat rangkai silang atom sulfur antara molekul getah
dalam getah tervulkan berbanding getah asli
3. It limits the sliding between rubber molecules in vulcanized
rubber 1
Ianya mengehadkan penggelongsoran antara molekul getah
dalam getah tervulkan

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c i Saturated fats : X and Z 1
Lemak tepu : X dan Z
Unsaturated fats : W and Y 1
Lemak tak tepu : W dan Y
ii X and Z : Solid or semisolid 1
X dan Z : Pepejal atau separa pepejal
W and Y : Liquid 1
W dan Y : Cecair
iii X and Z : more than 20˚C 1
X dan Z : lebih daripada 20˚C
W and Y : less than 20˚C 1
W dan Y : kurang dari 20˚C
TOTAL MARKS 20
a
2
1) 4 points transferred correctly 1

2) Axis labelled correctly with unit 1
3) Straight line graph 1
1) 4 titik dipindahkan dengan betul
2) Paksi dilabel dengan betul dengan unit
3) Graf garis lurus
ii 1. Pentan-1-ol/Pentanol 1
2.
3. more than 117˚C

1
lebih tinggi daripada 117˚C
4. The number of carbon atoms in the molecule increases
5. Molar mass and molecular size increase
6. The force of attraction between molecules increases
7. The heat required to overcome the interaction between

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4541
molecules increase Any 3
4. Bilangan atom karbon dalam molekul bertambah
5. Jisim molar dan saiz molekul bertambah
6. Kekuatan daya tarikan antara molekul bertambah
7. Haba yang diperlukan untuk mengatasi daya tarikan antara
molekul bertambah
b i Reagent: Acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution 1
Bahan tindak balas : Larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid
1. Correct formula of reactant and product 1

Formula bahan tindak balas dan hasil tindak balas yang
betul
2. Balanced equation 1
C2H5OH + 2[O] → CH3COOH + H2O
ii
Type of
compound
P Q R
Jenis
sebatian
Homologous
series Alcohol Carboxylic acid Ester
Siri homolog Alkohol Asid karboksilik Ester
Molecular
formulae Max 8
C2H5OH CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5
Formula
molekul
Structural
formulae
Formula
struktur
TOTAL MARKS 20

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4541
Section C
Bahagian C
a
Ethanoic acid
1 Type of
Ethane Ethene solution
substance
Etana Etena Larutan asid
Jenis bahan
etanoik
Acidified
potassium Purple colour
No colour No colour
manganate solution
changes changes
i
(VII)solution
Tiada
decolourises
Tiada 6
Larutan Warna ungu
Perubahan Perubahan
kalium larutan
warna warna
manganat(VII) dinyahwarnakan
berasid
Magnesium
No change
metal No change Effervescences
Tiada
Logam Tiada Perubahan Pembuakan gas
Perubahan
magnesium
1. Correct formula of reactant and product

Formula bahan tindak balas dan hasil tindak balas yang
betul
ii 2. Balanced equation
C2H4 + [O] + H2O→ C2H4(OH)2 2
2
2CH3COOH + Mg → (CH3COO)2Mg + H2
b Apparatus : Test tube, test tube holder, Bunsen burner, delivery 1
tube with rubber stopper
Radas: Tabung uji, pemegang tabung uji, penunu Bunsen,
salur penghantar dengan penyumbat getah
i
Materials : 1g bread, 1g paper, 1g sugar, 1g leaves, lime water, 1
cobalt (II) chloride paper and litmus paper
Bahan :1g roti, 1g kertas, 1g gula, 1g daun, air kapur, kertas
kobalt(II) klorida dan kertas litmus
1. Weigh 1g of bread with a weighing scale and put in a boiling
tube
2. Heat the boiling tube strongly
3. Pass the gas released through the delivery tube into a test
tube containing lime water
4. At the same time test the gas released with litmus paper and 6
ii cobalt (II) chloride paper as well
5. Record the changes observed in the table
6. Then repeat steps 1 to 5 using paper, sugar and leaves.
1. Timbang 1g roti dengan penimbang dan masukkan ke dalam
tabung didih
2. Panaskan tabung didih tersebut dengan kuat
3. Lalukan gas yang terhasil melalui salur penghantar ke

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4541
dalam tabung uji yang berisi air kapur
4. Dalam masa yang sama uji gas yang terbebas dengan kertas
litmus dan kertas kobalt(II) klorida juga
5. Rekodkan perubahan yang diperhatikan di dalam jadual
6. Kemudian ulangi langkah 1 hingga 5 dengan menggunakan
kertas, gula dan daun.
Product of combustion is carbon dioxide and water 2
iii
Hasil pembakaran ialah karbon dioksida dan air
TOTAL MARKS 20
1 i Carboxylate 1
Karboksilat
2
ii 1
iii
Ester Methyl butanoate Octyl ethanoate
Metil butanoat Oktil etanoat
Alcohol used Octanol
Methanol
Alkohol yang Oktanol
Metanol 4
digunakan
Carboxylic acid
used
Butanoic acid Ethanoic acid
Asid karboksilik Asid butanoik Asid etanoik
yang digunakan
Methyl butanoate
Metil butanoate
C3H7COOH + CH3OH → C3H7COOCH3 + H2O 2
2
Octyl ethanoate
Oktil etanoat
CH3COOH + C8H17OH → CH3COOC8H17 + H2O
b Apparatus: Beaker, 250cm3, 100cm3 measuring cylinder, tripod 1
stand, wire gauze, Bunsen burner, lighter
Radas : Bikar, 250cm3, selinder penyukat 100cm3, tungku kaki
tiga, kasa dawai, penunu Bunsen, pemetik api
Materials: glacial butanoic acid, ethanol, concentrated sulfuric 1

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4541
acid
Bahan : asid butanoik glasial, etanol, asid sulfurik pekat
Procedure:
1. Pour 30cm3 of glacial butanoic acid into a 250cm3 beaker
and pour 60cm3 of ethanol into the same beaker
2. Add 10 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid 6
3. Heat the mixture in the form of water bath for 30 minutes
4. Pour the solution mixture into a beaker containing water and
record the observations
Prosedur :
1. Tuangkan 30cm3 asid butanoik glasial ke dalam bikar
250cm3 dan tuangkan 60cm3 etanol ke dalam bikar yang
sama
2. Masukkan 10 titis asid sulfurik pekat
3. Panaskan campuran larutan tersebut dalam bentuk kukus
air selama 30 minit
4. Tuangkan campuran larutan tersebut ke dalam bikar yang
berisi air dan rekodkan pemerhatian
Two physical properties:

Dua sifat fizik
Colorless solution
Larutan tidak berwarna 2
Insoluble in water
Tidak larut dalam air
TOTAL MARKS 20

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SKEMA KERTAS 3 : CARBON COMPOUNDS/SEBATIAN KARBON

SOALAN STRUKTUR
SOALAN 1
Able to state all the boiling point into 1 decimal place 3
Ethane = - 87.8˚C
Ethene = -104.0˚C
Ethanol = 78.0˚C
Ethanoic acid = 118.6˚C
Boleh menyatakan semua takat didih sehingga 1 tempat perpuluhan
Etana = - 87.8˚C
a Etena = -104.0˚C
Etanol = 78.0˚C
Asid etanoik = 118.6˚C
Able to state 2-3 boiling point into 1 decimal place 2
Boleh menyatakan 2-3 takat didih sehingga 1 titik perpuluhan
Able to state 1 boiling point into 1 decimal place 1
Boleh menyatakan 1 takat didih sehingga 1 titik perpuluhan
Tiada jawapan atau respon yang salah
Able to construct a table to record the length that contain:
1. Correct titles with unit
2. Readings
Boleh membina jadual untuk merekod takat didih yang betul dengan:
1. Tajuk betul dengan unit
Type of organic compound Boiling point/˚C
Jenis sebatian organik Takat didih/˚C
Ethane
-87.8 3
Etana
Ethene
-104.0
Etena
Ethanol
78.0
b Etanol
Ethanoic acid
118.6
Asid etanoik
2. Bacaan
Able to construct a less accurate table that contains:
1. Titles without unit
2. Readings
2
Boleh membina jadual yang kurang tepat yang mengandungi:
1. Tajuk tanpa unit
2. Bacaan
Able to construct a table with at least one title / reading
1
Boleh membina jadual dengan sekurang-kurangnya satu tajuk / bacaan

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All relative molecular mass correct
Semua jisim molekul relatif betul
Organic compound Molecular formulae Relative molecular
Sebatian organik Formula molekul mass
Jisim molekul relatif
Ethane
C2H6 30
Etena
3
Ethene
C2H4 28
Etana
c Ethanol
C2H5OH 46
Etanol
Ethanoic acid
CH3COOH 60
Asid etanoik
Any three relative molecular mass correct

2
Mana-mana tiga jisim molekul relatif betul
Any two relative molecular mass correct
1
Mana-mana dua jisim molekul relatif betul
0
The increasing order of boiling point of these organic compounds is
ethene, ethane, ethanol and ethanoic acid
3
Urutan pertambahan takat didih bagi sebatian organik ini adalah etena,
etana, etanol dan asid etanoik
d(i) The boiling point of organic compounds is increasing
2
Takat didih sebatian organik semakin bertambah
The boiling point of organic compounds varies
1
Takat didih sebatian organik adalah berbeza-beza
0
Organic compounds with a higher relative molecular mass have a larger
molecular size //stronger forces of attraction // require a lot of heat
energy to overcome the force of attraction between molecules compared
to organic compounds with lower molecular mass
Sebatian organik yang mempunyai jisim molekul relatif yang tinggi 3
mempunyai saiz molekul yang besar // daya tarikan antara molekul yang
lebih kuat//memerlukan tenaga haba yang banyak untuk mengatasi daya
tarikan antara molekul berbanding sebatian organik dengan jisim
molekul yang rendah
d(ii) Organic compounds that have a higher relative molecular mass have a
larger molecular size // stronger forces of attraction // requires a lot of
heat energy to weaken the bond
2
Sebatian organik yang mempunyai jisim molekul relatif yang tinggi
mempunyai saiz molekul yang besar // daya tarikan antara molekul yang
kuat//memerlukan tenaga haba yang banyak untuk melemahkan ikatan
Organic compounds relative molecular mass increases
Sebatian organik yang mempunyai jisim molekul relatif yang semakin 1
bertambah
0

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4541
e Able to state three variables correctly
3
Boleh menyatakan tiga pemboleh ubah dengan betul
Manipulated variable : Relative molecular mass of substance
Pembolehubah manipulasi: Jisim molekul relatif bahan
Responding variable: Boiling point of substance

Pemboleh ubah gerak balas : Takat didih bahan
Fixed variable : Number of carbon atoms of the substance

Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan : Bilangan atom karbon dalam bahan
Able to state two variables correctly

2
Boleh menyatakan dua pemboleh ubah dengan betul
Able to state one of the above variable
1
Boleh menyatakan satu pemboleh ubah dengan betul
0
responding variable with direction correctly
Boleh menyatakan hubungan antara pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi dan
pemboleh ubah bergerak balas dalam arah yang betul
3
The higher the relative molecular mass of a substance, the higher the
boiling point the substance
Semakin bertambah jisim molekul relatif sesuatu bahan, semakin
bertambah takat didih bahan tersebut.
responding variable without direction
f Boleh menyatakan hubungan antara pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi dan
pemboleh ubah bergerak balas tanpa arah yang betul
2
Relative molecular mass affects the boiling point of a substance
Jisim molekul relative sesuatu bahan mempengaruhi takat didih bahan
tersebut
Able to give an idea of hypothesis
Boleh memberikan idea untuk hipotesis
1
Takat didih berbeza-beza
0
Able to state the correct operational definition for the boiling point in
this experiment with the following aspects
Boleh menyatakan definisi operasi yang betul untuk takat didih dalam
eksperimen ini dengan aspek berikut
g 1. What must be done [measure and record boiling point] and
3
2. What is observed [ change in boiling point]
1. Apa yang mesti dilakukan [ukur dan catat takat didih] dan
2. Apa yang diperhatikan [perubahan takat didih]

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When boiling point of different organic compound with different
homologous series and same number of carbon atoms is measured, the
boiling point increases with the relative molecular mass
Apabila takat didih sebatian organik yang berbeza siri homolog tetapi
sama bilangan atom karbon diukur, takat didih bertambah dengan jisim
molekul relatif
Takat didih ialah suhu maksima yang diperolehi apabila bahan organik
dipanaskan sehingga melebur.
Able to state the correct operational definition for the boiling point in
this experiment with the following aspects
Boleh menyatakan definisi operasi yang betul untuk takat didih dalam
1. What must be done [measure and record boiling point]
OR 2. What is observed [change in boiling point] 2
1. Apa yang mesti dilakukan [ukur dan catat takat didih] atau
2. Apa yang diperhatikan [perubahan takat didih]
Boiling point of organic compound increases

Takat didih sebatian organik meningkat
Able to give an idea of the operational definition.
Boleh memberi idea mengenai definisi operasi.
1
Boiling point is the temperature where the substance starts to boil
Takat didih ialah suhu di mana bahan mula mendidih
0
Able to state all three answer correctly
Boleh menyatakan ketiga-tiga jawapan dengan betul
3
i) etil etanoat
ii) ester
iii) CH3COOC2H5
h Able to state any two answer correctly
Boleh menyatakan mana-mana dua jawapan dengan betul 2
Able to state any one answer correctly

Boleh menyatakan mana-mana satu jawapan dengan betul 1

0
Able to draw all three structural formulae correctly
Boleh melukis ketiga-tiga formula struktur dengan betul
Able to draw any two structural formulae correctly

2
Boleh melukis mana-mana dua formula struktur dengan betul
Able to draw any one structural formulae correctly
1
Boleh melukis mana-mana satu formula struktur dengan betul

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4541
0
Able to classify all five substances into hydrocarbon and
non-hydrocarbon
1. Correct headings
2. List of substance
Boleh mengelaskan kelima bahan kepada hidrokarbon dan bukan
hidrokarbon
1. Tajuk yang betul
2. Senarai bahan
j Hydrocarbon Non-hydrocarbon
3
Hidrokarbon Bukan hidrokarbon
Ethane Ethanol
Etena Etanol
Ethene Ethanoic acid

Etena Asid etanoik
Substance X
Bahan X
Able to classify three to four substances into hydrocarbon and

non-hydrocarbon
1. Correct headings
Boleh mengelaskan tiga ke empat bahan kepada hidrokarbon dan bukan 2
hidrokarbon
1. Tajuk yang betul
2. Senarai bahan
Able to classify one to two substances into hydrocarbon and

non-hydrocarbon
1. Correct headings
Boleh mengelaskan satu ke dua bahan kepada hidrokarbon dan bukan 1
hidrokarbon
1. Tajuk yang betul
2. Senarai bahan

0
TOTAL MARKS 33

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4541
SOALAN 2
Able to state all four observation correctly 3
Boleh menyatakan keempat-empat penerhatian dengan betul
Observation
Type of Pemerhatian
fats With acidified potassium
Jenis With Bromine water manganate (VII) solution
lemak Dengan air bromin Dengan larutan kalium
manganat (VII) berasid
Fats A No colour changes No colour changes
ai Lemak A Tiada perubahan warna Tiada perubahan warna
Fats B Brown colour bromine Purple colour solution
Lemak B water decolourises decolourises
Warna perang air bromin Warna ungu larutan
dinyahwarnakan dinyahwarnakan
Able to state any three observation correctly 2

Boleh menyatakan mana-mana tiga penerhatian dengan betul
Able to state any two observation correctly 1
Boleh menyatakan mana-mana dua penerhatian dengan betul
aii Able to match all four answer correctly 3
Boleh memadankan kesemua empat jawapan dengan betul
Able to match any three answer correctly 2

Boleh memadankan mana-mana tiga jawapan dengan betul
Able to match any two answer correctly 1
Boleh memadankan mana-mana tiga dua jawapan dengan betul
b pemboleh ubah bergerak balas dalam arah yang betul 3
Manipulated variable : Type of fats

Pembolehubah manipulasi: Jenis lemak

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4541
Responding variable: Colour changes on bromine liquid and acidified
potassium manganate(VI)solution
Pemboleh ubah gerak balas : Perubahan warna pada air bromin dan
larutan kalium manganat yang berasid (VI)
Fixed variable : Volume of substance used
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan : Isipadu bahan yang digunakan
Able to state two variables correctly
2
Boleh menyatakan dua pemboleh ubah dengan betul
Able to state one of the above variable
1
Boleh menyatakan satu pemboleh ubah dengan betul
0
pemboleh ubah bergerak balas dalam arah yang betul
The presence of double bonds in fat causes the brown color of bromine
water to be decolourises and the purple color of acidified potassium 3
manganate(VI) to be decolourises and the presence of a single bond in
fat causes no colour changes
Kehadiran ikatan ganda dua dalam lemak menyebabkan warna perang
air bromin dilunturkan dan warna ungu kalium manganat yang berasid
(VI)dilunturkan dan kehadiran ikatan tunggal dalam lemak
menyebabkan tiada perubahan warna
responding variable without direction
pemboleh ubah bergerak balas tanpa arah yang betul
c
The presence of double bonds in fats causes a colour changes in liquid
2
bromine solution and acidic potassium manganate (VI) and the presence
of a single bond in fats causes no colour changes
Kehadiran ikatan ganda dua dalam lemak menyebabkan terdapatnya
perubahan warna pada pada larutan bromin cair dan kalium manganat
yang berasid (VI)dan kehadiran ikatan tunggal dalam lemak
menyebabkan tiada perubahan warna
Able to give an idea of hypothesis
Boleh memberikan idea untuk hipotesis
1
Fat A and Fat B show different color changes
Lemak A dan Lemak B menunjukkan perubahan warna yang
berbeza-beza
Able to state the correct operational definition for the reactivitiy in this
d experiment with the following aspects 3
Boleh menyatakan definisi operasi yang betul untuk kereaktifan dalam

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4541
1. What must be done [observe and record colour changes] and
2. What is observed [ change in colour changes]
1. Apa yang mesti dilakukan [perhati dan catat perubahan warna] dan
2. Apa yang diperhatikan [perubahan warna]
The brown color of bromine water and the purple color of the acidic
solution of potassium manganate (VII) are decolourised when added to a
compound that has a double covalent bond which is a compound that has
high reactivity
Warna perang air bromin dan warna ungu larutan kalium
manganat(VII)berasid dilunturkan apabila ditambahkan kepada
sebatian yang mempunyai ikatan kovalen ganda dua iaitu sebatian yang
mempunyai kereaktifan yang tinggi
Able to state the correct operational definition for the reactivitiy in this
experiment with the following aspects
Boleh menyatakan definisi operasi yang betul untuk kereaktifan dalam
1. What must be done [observe and record colour changes] or
2. What is observed [ change in colour changes]
1. Apa yang mesti dilakukan [perhati dan catat perubahan warna] atau
2. Apa yang diperhatikan [perubahan warna] 2
The brown color of bromine water and the purple color of the acidic
potassium manganate (VII) solution are decolourized when added to
compounds with double covalent bonds
Warna perang air bromin dan warna ungu larutan kalium
manganat(VII)berasid dilunturkan apabila ditambahkan kepada
sebatian yang mempunyai ikatan kovalen ganda dua
Able to give an idea of the operational definition.
Boleh memberi idea mengenai definisi operasi.
1
Reactivity is for compounds that change color
Kereaktifan ialah bagi sebatian yang mengalami perubahan warna
Able to choose correct fats and give two reason for the choice
Boleh memilih lemak yang betul dan memberikan dua sebab untuk
pilihan yang dibuat
Fats B
1. Has double covalent bond
3
2. The electron pair in double covalent bond is shared together to form
e new bonds with the added material
Lemak B
1. Mempunyai ikatan ganda dua
2. Pasangan elektron ikatan kovalen ganda itu dikongsikan bersama
dengan bahan yang ditambah membentuk ikatan baru
Able to choose correct fats and give one reason for the choice
Boleh memilih lemak yang betul dan memberikan satu sebab untuk 2
pilihan yang dibuat

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4541
Fats B
1. Has double covalent bond or
2. The electron pair in covalent bond is shared together with the added
material
Lemak B
1. Mempunyai ikatan ganda dua atau
2. Pasangan elektron ikatan kovalen itu dikongsikan bersama dengan
bahan yang ditambah
Able to choose correct fats only
Boleh memilih lemak yang betul sahaja
1
Fats B
Lemak B
0
Able to predict the sootiness of flame for both fats and give two reason
Boleh meramal kejelagaan nyalaan bagi kedua-dua lemak dan berikan
dua sebab
1. Fat B has more sootiness of flame than fat A when burned

2. The percentage of carbon by mass in fat B is higher than fat A 3
1.Lemak B mempunyai kejelagaan nyalaan yang lebih banyak

berbanding lemak A apabila dibakar
f 2. Peratus karbon mengikut jisim dalam lemak B adalah lebih tinggi
berbanding Lemak A
Able to predict the sootiness of flame for both fats and give incomplete
reason
2
Boleh meramal kejelagaan nyalaan bagi kedua-dua lemak dan berikan
satu sebab yang tidak lengkap
Able to predict the sootiness of flame for both fats only
1
Boleh meramal kejelagaan nyalaan sahaja
0
Able to state the process, temperature and catalyst
Boleh menyatakan proses, suhu dan mangkin
Process : Hydrogenation
Proses : Penghidrogenan
3
Temperature : 180˚C
Suhu
g Catalyst : Nickel
Mangkin : Nikel
Able to state the process, temperature or catalyst
2
Boleh menyatakan proses, suhu atau mangkin
Able to state the process only
1
Boleh menyatakan proses sahaja
h Able to state three type of functional group in given compound 3

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4541
Boleh menyatakan tiga kumpulan berfungsi dalam sebatian yang
diberikan
Single covalent bond between carbon-carbon atom
Ikatan kovalen tunggal antara atom karbon
Double covalent bond between carbon-carbon atom
Ikatan kovalen ganda dua antara atom karbon
Carboxylate
karboksilat
Able to state two type of functional group in given compound
Boleh menyatakan dua kumpulan berfungsi dalam sebatian yang 2
diberikan
Able to state onetype of functional group in given compound
Boleh menyatakan satu kumpulan berfungsi dalam sebatian yang 1
diberikan
Able to write correct and balanced chemical equation between stearic
acid and glycerol to produce fats A
Boleh menulis persamaan kimia yang betul dan seimbang antara asid
stearik dan gliserol untuk menghasilkan lemak A
Able to write correct chemical equation between stearic acid and

glycerol to produce fats A
Boleh menulis persamaan kimia yang betul antara asid stearik dan 2
gliserol untuk menghasilkan lemak A
Able to write chemical equation between stearic acid and glycerol to

produce fats A
1
Boleh menulis persamaan antara asid stearik dan gliserol untuk
menghasilkan lemak A
Able to classify all four fats substances into saturated and unsaturated
fats
1. Correct headings
j Boleh mengelaskan kempat-empat bahan kepada lemak tepu dan lemak
3
tak tepu
1. Tajuk yang betul
2. Senarai bahan

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4541
Unsaturated fat Saturated fat
Lemak tak tepu Lemak tepu
Sunflower oil Butter
Minyak bunga matahari Mentega
Coconut oil Ghee

Minyak kelapa Minyak sapi
Able to classify three substances into saturated and unsaturated fats

1. Correct headings
Boleh mengelaskan tiga bahan kepada lemak tepu dan lemak tak tepu 2
1. Tajuk yang betul
2. Senarai bahan
Able to classify two substance into saturated and unsaturated fats

1. Correct headings
Boleh mengelaskan dua bahan kepada lemak tepu dan lemak tak tepu 1
1. Tajuk yang betul
2. Senarai bahan

0
TOTAL MARKS 33

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4541
SOALAN 1
Rubrics Marks
Able to state the problem statement correctly.
Boleh menyatakan pernyataan masalah dengan betul
Does methanoic acid solution coagulate the latex and ammonia solution 3
prevent coagulation of latex?
Adakah larutan asid metanoik menggumpalkan lateks dan larutan ammonia
mencegah penggumpalan lateks
Able to state the problem statement less correctly
Boleh menyatakan pernyataan masalah dengan kurang betul
a Does acid solution coagulate the latex and alkali solution prevent 2
coagulation of latex
Adakah larutan asid menggumpalkan lateks dan larutan alkali mencegah
penggumpalan lateks
Able to state an idea of problem statement
Boleh menyatakan idea pernyataan masalah
1
Adakah larutan Y menggumpalkan lateks dan larutan X mencegah
penggumpalan lateks
0
Able to list all variable correctly
Boleh menyenaraikan semua pembolehubah dengan betul
Manipulated variable : The type solution used

Pembolehubah manipulasi : Jenis larutan yang digunakan
3
Responding variable : Coagulation of latex
Pembolehubah gerak balas : Penggumpalan lateks
b
Fixed variable : Volume of latex used
Pembolehubah dimalarkan : Isipadu lateks yang digunakan
Able to list 2 variable correctly or 1 correct + 2 idea
2
Boleh menyenaraikan 2 pembolehubah dengan betul atau 1 betul + 2 idea
Able to list 1 variable correctly or 3 idea
1
Boleh menyenaraikan 1 pembolehubah dengan betul atau 3 idea
0
Able to state the hypothesis correctly.
Methanoic acid solution coagulates the latex and ammonia solution prevent
c 3
coagulation of latex
Larutan asid metanoik menggumpalkan lateks dan larutan ammonia
mencegah penggumpalan lateks

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4541
Able to state the hypothesis less correctly
Boleh menyatakan hipotesis dengan kurang betul
Acid solution coagulate the latex and alkali solution prevent coagulation of 2
latex
Larutan asid menggumpalkan lateks dan larutan alkali mencegah
penggumpalan lateks
Able to state an idea of hypothesis
Boleh menyatakan idea untuk hipotesis
1
Larutan Y menggumpalkan lateks dan larutan X mencegah penggumpalan
lateks
0
Able to give complete list of substances and apparatus
Boleh menyenaraikan senarai radas dan bahan yang lengkap
Materials : 50cm3 latex, ethanoic acid solution, ammonia solution

Bahan : 50cm3 lateks, larutan asid etanoik, larutan ammonia 3
Apparatus : Beaker 100cm3, glass rod and dropper, measuring cylinder

50cm
d Radas : Bikar 100cm3, rod kaca, penitis selinder penyukat 50cm3
Able to give at least two substances and apparatus
Boleh menyenaraikan sekurang-kurangnya dua radas dan bahan yang 2
lengkap
Able to give at least one substance and apparatus
Boleh menyenaraikan sekurang-kurangnya satu radas dan bahan yang 1
lengkap
0
Able to list all the steps correctly
Boleh menyenaraikan semua langkah-langkah dengan betul
1. Fill 50 cm3 of latex into the beaker, 100cm3

2. Then drop a few drops of methanoic acid solution into the beaker
3. Stir the solution evenly for 5 minutes with a glass rod
4. Observe and record changes in the schedule
5. Repeat steps 1 to 4 using ammonia solution to replace ethanoic acid
3
solution.1.
e 1. Isikan 50 cm3 lateks ke dalam bikar, 100cm3
2. Kemudian titiskan beberapa titis larutan asid metanoik ke dalam bikar
tadi
3. Kacau larutan dengan sekata selama 5 minit dengan rod kaca
4. Perhatikan dan rekodkan perubahan dalam jadual
5. Ulangi langkah 1 hingga 4 dengan menggunakan larutan ammonia untuk
menggantikan larutan asid etanoik.
Able to list steps 1,2,4 and 5
2
Boleh menyenaraikan langkah 1,2,4 dan 5
Able to list steps 1,2 and 3 1

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4541
Boleh menyenaraikan langkah 1,2 dan 3
0
Able to tabulate the data with the following aspects
1. correct titles and correct unit
2. complete list of reacting mixture
Boleh menjadualkan data dengan aspek berikut
1. tajuk yang betul dan unit yang betul
2. senarai lengkap campuran bahan tindak balas
Type of solution Coagulation of latex 2
Jenis larutan Penggumpalan lateks
Methanoic acid
Asid metanoik
f Ammonia solution
Larutan ammonia
Able to construct a table with at least

1. one title
2. incomplete list of elements
1
1. 1 tajuk
2. senarai yang tidak lengkap campuran bahan tindak balas
0
TOTAL MARKS 17
SOALAN 2
Rubrics Marks
Able to state the problem statement correctly.
Boleh menyatakan pernyataan masalah dengan betul
Is alkanes, alkenes and alcohol having different sootiness of flame when 3

burnt in the air
Adakah alkana, alkena dan alkohol mempunyai kejelagaan nyalaan yang
berbeza-beza apabila dibakar di udara
Able to state the problem statement less correctly
Boleh menyatakan pernyataan masalah dengan kurang betul
a 2
Is alkanes, alkenes and alcohol having different sootiness of flame
Adakah alkana, alkena dan alkohol mempunyai kejelagaan nyalaan yang
berbeza-beza
Able to state an idea of problem statement
Boleh menyatakan idea pernyataan masalah
1
Is all the organic compounds having different sootiness of flame
Adakah semua sebatian organik mempunyai kejelagaan nyalaan yang
berbeza-beza

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4541
Able to list all variable correctly

Boleh menyenaraikan semua pembolehubah dengan betul
Manipulated variable : The type organic compound used

Pembolehubah manipulasi : Jenis sebatian organik yang digunakan 3
Responding variable : Sootiness of flame
Pembolehubah gerak balas : Kejelagaan nyalaan
b Fixed variable : Volume of liquid
Pembolehubah dimalarkan : Isipadu cecair
Able to list 2 variable correctly or 1 correct + 2 idea
2
Boleh menyenaraikan 2 pembolehubah dengan betul atau 1 betul + 2 idea
Able to list 1 variable correctly or 3 idea
1
Boleh menyenaraikan 1 pembolehubah dengan betul atau 3 idea
0
Able to state the hypothesis correctly.
Alcohol burns in the air with blue flame without soot and alkene burns with 3
more sooty flame compared to alkane
Alkohol terbakar di udara dengan nyalaan biru tanpa jelaga dan alkena
terbakar dengan nyalaan lebih berjelaga berbanding dengan alkana
Able to state the hypothesis less correctly
Boleh menyatakan hipotesis dengan kurang betul
Alcohol burns in the air with blue flame without soot and alkene and alkane 2
c
burn with sooty flame
Alkohol terbakar di udara dengan nyalaan biru tanpa jelaga dan alkena
dan alkana terbakar dengan nyalaan yang berjelaga
Able to state an idea of hypothesis
Boleh menyatakan idea untuk hipotesis
1
Alcohol, alkane and alkene burn with different sootiness in the air
Alkohol, alkana dan alkena terbakar dengan kejelagaan nyalaan yang
berbeza
0
Able to give complete list of substances and apparatus
Boleh menyenaraikan senarai radas dan bahan yang lengkap
Materials : 5cm3 ethane, 5cm3ethene and 5cm3ethanol,filter paper

Bahan : 5cm3 etena, 5cm3etana and 5cm3etanol, kertas turas
d 3
Apparatus : evaporating dish, wooden splinter, matches, tongs, measuring
cylinder, 10cm3, weighing scale
Radas : mangkuk penyejat, kayu uji, mancis, penyepit, selinder
penyukat, 10cm3, mesin penimbang

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4541
Able to give at least two substances and apparatus
Boleh menyenaraikan sekurang-kurangnya dua radas dan bahan yang 2
lengkap
Able to give at least one substance and apparatus
Boleh menyenaraikan sekurang-kurangnya satu radas dan bahan yang 1
lengkap
0
Able to list all the steps correctly
Boleh menyenaraikan semua langkah-langkah dengan betul
1. 5 cm3 of ethanol are poured into evaporating dish

2. Weigh the weight of a clean filter paper and record in the table
3. Burn the liquid ethanol quickly using burning wooden splinter
4. Bring closer a clean filter paper on top of flame and make sure doesn’t
not burn the filter paper
5. After 1 minutes, blow out the flame and quickly weigh the weight of filter
paper and record in the table
3
6. Repeat steps 1 until 5 with alkane and alkene
1. 5 cm3 etanol dituangkan ke dalam mangkuk penyejat
2. Timbang berat kertas turas yang bersih dan catat dalam jadual
e
2. Tuangkan cecir etanol dengan cepat ke dalam mangkuk penyejat dan
bakar cecair etanol dengan menggunakan kayu uji berbara
3. Dekatkan kertas turas yang bersih di atas api dan pastikan tidak
membakar kertas turas
5. Selepas 1 minit, padamkan api dan timbang berat kertas turas dengan
cepat dan catat di dalam jadual
6. Ulangi langkah 1 hingga 5 dengan alkana dan alkena
Able to list steps 1,2,4 and 5
2
Boleh menyenaraikan langkah 1,2,4 dan 5
Able to list steps 1,2 and 3
1
Boleh menyenaraikan langkah 1,2 dan 3
0
Able to tabulate the data with the following aspects
1. correct titles and correct unit
2. complete list of reacting mixture
1. tajuk yang betul dan unit yang betul
2. senarai lengkap campuran bahan tindak balas
Type of liquid Mass of the Mass of the
Differences in
Jenis cecair filter paper filter paper
f the mass of the 2
before the after the
filter paper
combustion(g) combustion(g)
Perbezaan
Jisim kertas Jisim kertas
jisim kertas
turas sebelum turas selepas
turas(g)
pembakaran(g) pemanasan(g)
Ethanol
etanol
Ethene

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4541
Etena
Ethane
Etana
Able to construct a table with at least

1. one title
2. incomplete list of elements
1
1. 1 tajuk
2. senarai yang tidak lengkap campuran bahan tindak balas
0
TOTAL MARKS 17

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Set 7
Oxidation and Reduction

Pengoksidaan Dan
Penurunan
TAJUK: OXIDATION AND REDUCTION/PENGOKSIDAAN DAN PENURUNAN
Section A
Bahagian A
1 Diagram 1 shows an electrolysis process conducted in a school laboratory.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu proses elektrolisis yang dilakukan di dalam makmal sekolah.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
(a) Electrolysis is one of the redox reactions. State the meaning of redox reaction?
Elektrolisis merupakan satu tindak balas redoks. Nyatakan maksud tindak balas
redoks?
……………………………………………….……………………………………
…………………………………………………….………………………………
…………………………………………………….………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) State the formula of ions present in molten lead(II) bromide.

Nyatakan formula ion-ion yang hadir dalam leburan plumbum(II) bromida.
……………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
(c) Mark( / ) in the box provided to show the anode electrode in the cell B.
Tandakan( / ) di dalam petak yang menunjukkan elektrod anod pada sel B.
[1 mark]

(d) (i) In cel B, write half equation at;

Di dalam sel B, tulis setengah persamaan pada;
Magnesium electrode / Elektrod magnesium:

……………………………………………………………………………………...
(ii) Copper electrode/ Elektrod kuprum :

……………………………………………………………………………………...
[2 marks]
(e) State the observation at both electrode in cell A

Nyatakan pemerhatian pada kedua-dua elektrod di dalam sel A
Anode/anod:
……………………………………………………………………………………...
Cathode/katod:
…………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]
(f) Explain the redox reaction in cell C in terms of electron transfer.

Terangkan tindak balas redoks dalam sel C dari segi pemindahan elektron.
………………………………………………..…………………………………….
.…………………………………………………………..…………………………
.[3 marks]

2 A group of students conduct an experiment to investigate the transfer of electrons at a

distance in a redox reaction between iron (II) sulphate solution and acidified potassium
dichromate (VI) solution. The ionic equation below represents the reaction occurr.
Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pemindahan
elektron pada satu jarak dalam tindak balas redoks antara larutan ferum(II) sulfat dengan
larutan kalium dikromat(VI) berasid. Persamaan ion di bawah mewakili tindak balas yang
berlaku.
Based on the ionic equation:

Berdasarkan persamaan ion:
(a) (i) State the colour change of iron (II) sulphate solution.
Nyatakan perubahan warna bagi larutan ferum(II) sulfat.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) State the process occurred in (a)(i).
Nyatakan proses yang berlaku di (a)(i).
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(b) (i) Calculate the oxidation number of chromium in dichromate (VI) ions.
Hitungkan nombor pengoksidaan kromium dalam ion dikromat(VI).
[2 marks]
(c) (i) State the reducing agent in the reaction.
Nyatakan agen penurunan dalam tindak balas ini.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer based on transferring of electrons.

Terangkan jawapan anda dengan merujuk kepada pemindahan elektron.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]

(d) (i) Table 2 shows a list of apparatus and materials.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan senarai radas dan bahan.
Apparatus and materials

Radas dan bahan
● U-tube ● Iron (II) sulphate solution
Tiub-U Larutan ferum(II) sulfat
● Galvanometer ● Acidified potassium dichromate
(VI) solution
Galvanometer
● Connecting wire Larutan kalium dikromat (VI)
berasid.
Wayar penyambung ● Dilute sulphuric acid
● Carbon electrodes
Asid sulfurik cair
Elektrod karbon
Table 2 / Rajah 2
Draw a labelled diagram to show the apparatus set-up to investigate the transfer
of electrons at a distance. The diagram must include the apparatus and materials
given in Table 2.
Lukis satu rajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan susunan radas bagi mengkaji
pemindahan elektron pada suatu jarak. Rajah itu hendaklah menggunakan
radas dan bahan yang diberi dalam Jadual 2.
[2 marks]
(ii) The students replaced dilute sulphuric acid with sodium carbonate solution.
Galvanometer needle does not show deflection. Explain why
Pelajar tersebut menggantikan asid sulfurik cair dengan larutan natrium
karbonat.
Jarum galvanometer tidak menunjukkan pesongan? Terangkan mengapa.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]

3. Diagram 3.1 shows a reaction between sodium and chlorine gas.

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan tindak balas antara natrium dan gas klorin.
Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1
(a) (i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) State the change in oxidation number for chlorine.
Nyatakan perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi klorin.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iii) Explain why sodium acts as the oxidising agent in terms of electron transfer.
Terangkan mengapa natrium bertindak sebagai agen penurunan dari segi
pemindahan elektron.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(b) (i) Diagram 3.2 shows the addition of bromine water into a test tube containing
potassium iodide solution until in excess.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan penambahan air bromin ke dalam tabung uji yang
mengandungi larutan kalium iodida sehingga berlebihan.
Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2
State the observation for the changes of the colour of the solution when
bromine water is added into a test tube containing potassium iodide solution
until in excess
Nyatakan perubahan kepada warna larutan apabila air bromin ditambahkan ke
dalam tabung uji yang mengandungi larutan kalium iodida sehingga berlebihan.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Write an ionic equations for the reaction in b(i)
Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindak balas di b(i)
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iii) What is the role of bromine water in this reaction?
Apakah peranan air bromin dalam tindak balas ini?
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iii) State the substance that can replace potassium iodide in this experiment.
Nyatakan bahan yang boleh menggantikan kalium iodida dalam eksperimen
i ini
…...……………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

c) Table 3 shows the result of the experiment.

Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen.
Experiment Result
Eksperimen Keputusan
Hydrogen + oxide of metal J Metal oxide powder glows brightly.

Hidrogen + oksida logam J Black powder turned brown.
Serbuk oksida logam berbara degan
terang. Serbuk hitam menjadi perang.
Hydrogen + oxide of metal T Powder turns yellow when hot and

Hidrogen + oksida logam T white when cold.
Serbuk bertukar kuning apabila panas
dan putih apabila sejuk.
Hydrogen + magnesium oxide No reaction.

Hidrogen + magnesium oksida Tiada tindak balas.
Table 3
Jadual 3
(i) Suggest a name for metal T.
Cadangkan nama bagi logam T.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Arrange the reactivity of J, T, magnesium and hydrogen in an ascending order.

Susun kereaktifan J, T, magnesium dan hidrogen dalam susunan menaik.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iii) Based on the observations, explain how you obtained the arrangement in(c) (ii).
Berdasarkan pemerhatian di atas, terangkan bagaimana anda dapat susunan
seperti dalam (c) (ii).
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[3 marks]

4 Diagram 4.1 shows the extraction iron from hematite in a blast furnace.
Hematite is heated with limestone and substance X.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan pengekstrakan besi daripada hematit dalam sebuah relau bagas.
Hematit dipanaskan dengan batu kapur dan bahan X
Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1
(a) (i) The main component of hematite is iron oxide, Fe2O3.
What is the oxidation number of iron in Fe2O3?
Komponen utama hematit ialah besi oksida, Fe2O3. Apakah nombor
pengoksidaan besi dalam Fe2O3?
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Name substance X.
Namakan bahan X.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iii) What is the function of substance X?
Apakah fungsi bahan X?
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iv) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

……………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]

(b) (i) Diagram 4.2 shows the changes when chlorine water is added into a test tube that
contains sodium bromide solution and 1, 1, 1-trichlorethane.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan perubahan yang berlaku apabila air klorin ditambah ke
dalam tabung uji yang mengandungi larutan natrium bromida dan 1, 1,
1-trikolroetana.
Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2
(i) What is the colour of the 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane layer?
Apakah warna lapisan 1, 1, 1-trokloroetana?
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Name the substance that gives the colour in (b) (i).
Namakan bahan yang menyebabkan warna di (b) (i).
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iii) State the change in oxidation number of chlorines
Nyatakan perubahan nombor pengoksidaan klorin.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iv) Name the process undergone by chlorine.
Namakan proses yang dilalui oleh klorin.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(v) Suggest one reagent that can replace chlorine water.

Cadangkan satu bahan uji yang boleh menggantikan air klorin.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

5 Diagram 5 shows the set-up of apparatus to study electron transfer at a distance.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak.
Diagram 5
Rajah 5
(a) (i) What is the function of dilute sulphuric acid?
Apakah fungsi asid sulfurik cair?
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(b) (i) State the observation at carbon electrode X.
Nyatakan pemerhatian di elektrod X.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Write the half-equation for the reaction in (b)(i).
Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas di (b) (i).
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iii) Describe a confirmatory test for the product formed at carbon electrode X.
Terangkan satu ujian pengesahan bagi hasil yang terbentuk di elektrod karbon X.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]

(c) (i) State the observation at carbon electrode Y.

Nyatakan satu pemerhatian di elektrod karbon Y.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) What is the role of acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution?

Apakah peranan larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid?
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iii) Give a reason for your answer in (c)(ii).

Berikan satu alasan bagi jawapan anda di (c) (ii).
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(d) Suggest another reagent that can replace acidified potassium manganate (VII)
solution.
Cadangkan satu lagi reagen yang dapat menggantikan larutan kalium
manganat(VII) berasid
……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

Section B
Bahagian B
1. (a) The following are the formulae of two compounds.

Berikut adalah formula bagi dua sebatian.
Based on the formulae,

Berdasarkan kepada formula itu,
(i) State the oxidation numbers for zinc and iron.
Nyatakan nombor pengoksidaan bagi zink dan ferum.
[2 marks]
(ii) State the name of the compounds.

Nyatakan nama sebatian-sebatian itu.
[2 marks]
(b) Table 1.1 shows two types of reactions.

Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan 2 jenis tindak balas.
Reaction I Reaction II
Tindak balas I Tindak balas II
Neutralisation Displacement of metal
Peneutralan Penyesaran logam
Table 1.1
Jadual 1.1
Identify which one is a redox reaction and which is not. By using a suitable example,
explain your answer in terms of change in oxidation number.
Tentukan yang manakah tindak balas redoks dan yang bukan redoks. Dengan
menggunakan contoh yang sesuai, terangkan jawapan anda dari segi perubahan
nombor pengoksidaan.
[6 marks]

(c) Two sets of an experiment are carried out to study the effect of other metals on the
rusting of iron. For Set 1, an iron nail is coiled with metal P whereas in Set II the
iron nail is coiled with metal Q. Both the coiled iron nails are dipped into hot jelly
solution containing potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) solution and phenolphthalein.
The results of the experiment are shown in Table 2.
Dua set eksperimen dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan logam lain terhadap
pengaratan besi. Bagi Set I, sebatang paku besi dililit dengan logam P, manakala
dalam Set II, sebatang paku besi dililit dengan logam Q. Kedua-dua paku besi yang
dililit dengan logam itu dimasukkan ke dalam agar-agar panas yang mengandungi
larutan kalium heksasianoferat(III) dan feloftalein. Keputusan yang diperolehi
ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 2.
Set Experiment Observation

Eksperimen Pemerhatian
I Iron nail coiled with metal Dark blue colour formed
P Warna biru tua terbentuk
Paku besi dililit dengan
logam P
II Iron nail coiled with metal Pink colour formed
Q Warna merah jambu
Paku besi dililit dengan terbentuk
logam Q
Table 1.2
Jadual 1.2
Based on the observations,

(i) Suggest metal P and Q
(ii) In each set of the experiment,
● Explain the observations and include the half equation
● State the metal that is oxidized
Berdasarkan pemerhatian,
(i) Cadangkan logam P dan Q
(ii) Dalam setiap eksperimen,
● Terangkan pemerhatian dan sertakan persamaan setengah
● Nyatakan logam yang dioksidakan
[10 marks]

2. (a) The following equation represents the redox reaction between iron (II) sulphate
solution and chlorine water.
Persamaan kimia berikut mewakili tindak balas redoks antara larutan ferum(II)
sulfat dan air klorin.
Based on the above equation, explain the redox reaction in terms of the change in
oxidation number.
Berdasarkan persamaan di atas, terangkan tindak balas redoks dari segi perubahan
nombor pengoksidaan.
[4 marks]
Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up for a metal displacement reaction.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu tindak balas penyesaran logam.
Diagram 2 / Rajah 2
(i) Suggest a metal of X .

Cadangkan satu logam bagi X.
[1 mark]
(ii) Based on your answer in 8(b)(i), explain the redox reaction in term of the
transfer of electrons. Your answer should include the half-equations and ionic
equation involved.
Berdasarkan jawapan anda di 8(b)(i), terangkan tindak balas redoks dari segi
pemindahan elektron. Penerangan anda mesti merangkumi setengah
persamaan dan persamaan ion yang terlibat.
[5 marks]
(ii) Calculate the mass of zinc metal displaced when 100 cm3 of 0.2 mol
dm-3 zinc sulphate is reacted with excess of metal X.
[Relative atomic mass: Zn, 65]
Hitung jisim logam zink yang disesarkan apabila 100 cm3 larutan zink sulfat
0.2 mol dm-3 bertindak balas dengan logam X berlebihan.
[Jisim atom relatif : Zn, 65]
[3 marks]

(c) Daniell cell is an example of a voltaic cell. In this cell, zinc and copper are used as
electrodes. Explain the redox reaction involved in Daniell cell. Your answer should
consist of the following:
• Labelled diagram
• Type of reaction at both of the electrodes
• Observations
Sel Daniell ialah satu contoh sel voltan. Dalam sel ini zink dan kuprum digunakan
sebagai elektrod. Terangkan tindak balas redoks yang terlibat dalam sel Daniell.
Jawapan anda perlu mengandungi perkara berikut:
• Gambarajah berlabel
• Jenis tindak balas di kedua-dua elektrod
• Pemerhatian.
[7 marks]

Section C
Bahagian C
1. (a) Explain what is meant by the oxidation and reduction processes in terms of loss or
gain of oxygen.
Terangkan apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pengoksidaan dan penurunan dari
segi kehilangan dan penerimaan oksigen.
[1 mark]
(b) (i)
Plan a laboratory experiment to verify the above statement.

Your answer should include:
Rancang satu eksperimen dalam makmal untuk mengesahkan pernyataan di
atas. Jawapan anda perlu mengandungi:
● A list of materials and apparatus

● Procedure of the experiment
Prosedur eksperimen
● A labeled diagram showing the set-up of the apparatus
Gambar rajah berlabel menunjukkan susunan radas
● Observations
Pemerhatian
[9 marks]

(c)
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
Diagram 1 shows an apparatus set-up to investigate the redox reaction in a voltaic
cell. P and Q are metals.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji tindak balas redoks di dalam
sebuah sel ringkas. P dan Q adalah logam.
Electrode P Mass of electrode increases

Elektrod P Jisim elektrod bertambah
Electrode Q Mass of electrode decreases
Elektrod Q Jisim elektrod berkurang
Table 1
Jadual 1
Based on Table 1, suggest an example of electrode P, electrode Q and solution R.

Berdasarkan Jadual 1, cadangkan satu contoh elektrod P, elektrod Q dan larutan R
.
Explain the reactions that occur in the apparatus set-up in Diagram 1.
Terangkan tindak balas yang berlaku dalam susunan radas Rajah 1.
[10 marks]

2. (a) Diagram 2.1 shows the displacement reaction and its observation. Metal M powder is
added to silver nitrate solution in a beaker.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan tindak balas penyesaran dan pemerhatiannya. Serbuk logam
M ditambah ke dalam larutan argentum nitrat di dalam sebuah bikar.
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
(a) Based on Diagram 2.1, state the identity of metal M.

Write the half-equations to represent the oxidation and reduction.
State the change in the oxidation number for silver.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1, nyatakan identiti logam M.
Tulis setengah persamaan untuk mewakili pengoksidaan dan penurunan.
Nyatakan perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi argentum.
[4 marks]
(b) Diagram 2.2 shows an apparatus set-up for an experiment to investigate a redox
reaction.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi suatu eksperimen untuk mengkaji suatu
tindak balas redoks.

Describe the oxidation and reduction that occurs in Diagram 2.2

Your answer must include:
• Role of each reactant
• The transfer of electron of each reactant
• The colour changes that can be observed after 15 minutes
Huraikan pengoksidaan dan penurunan yang berlaku di Rajah 2.2.

Jawapan anda mesti mengandungi:
• Peranan setiap bahan tindak balas
• Pemindahan onicon yang berlaku ke atas setiap bahan tindak balas
• Perubahan warna yang dapat diperhtikan selepas 15 minit
[6 marks]
(b) You are required to determine the position of carbon in the Reactivity Series of
Metals towards oxygen by using all the chemicals in the box below.
Anda diminta untuk menentukan kedudukan karbon dalam Siri Kereaktifan Logam
terhadap oksigen dengan menggunakan semua bahan kimia seperti dalam kotak di
bawah.
Your answer must include the following:

● The procedure of the experiment
● The observations
● Explanation on how to determine the position of carbon in the
reactivity series
● Arrangement of carbon, magnesium and copper in ascending order
of reactivity towards oxygen.
Jawapan anda mesti mengandungi :

● Prosedur eksperimen
● Pemerhatian
● Penerangan bagaimana menentukan kedudukan carbon dalam siri
kereaktifan
● Susunan karbon, magnesium dan kuprum dalam tertib menaik
kereaktifan terhadap oksigen.
[10 marks]


1.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
Diagram 1 shows the arrangement of apparatus used to determine the sequence of the
metals in the reactivity series of metals by using carbon. The mixture of the following
substances is heated strongly in a crucible:
Set 1: Lead (II) oxide and carbon

Set 2: Zinc oxide and carbon
Set 3: Copper (II) oxide and carbon
The results of the experiment are recorded in Table 1.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan turutan logam dalam siri
kereaktifan logam dengan menggunakan karbon. Campuran bahan yang berikut
dipanaskan dengan kuat dalam mangkuk pijar:
Set 1: plumbum(II) oksida dan karbon
Set 2: zink oksida dan karbon
Set 3: kuprum(II) oksida dan karbon
Keputusan eksperimen dicatat dalam Jadual 1.
Set Observation
Pemerhatian
Set 1: lead (II) oxide and carbon Bright embers
Set 1: plumbum (II) oksida dan karbon Baraan terang
Set 2: zinc oxide and carbon

Set 2: zink oksida dan karbon
Set 3: copper (II) oxide and carbon

Set 3: kuprum (II) oksida dan karbon
Table 1.1
Jadual 1.1

(a) Complete Table 1.1 by stating the relevant observations of the reactions that occur.
Lengkapkan Jadual 1.1 dengan menyatakan pemerhatian yang berkaitan tentang
tindak balas yang berlaku.
[3 marks]
(b) Complete Table 1.2 based on the experiment.

Jadual 1.2 berdasarkan eksperimen.
[6 marks]
(i) Manipulated variable The way to manipulate the variable:

Pemboleh ubah yang Cara memanipulasikan pemboleh
dimanipulasi ubah:
…………………………………
………………………………… …………………………………
………………………………… …………………………………
………………………………… …………………………………
………………………………… …………………………………
………………………………… …………………………………
…………………………………
(ii) Responding variable What to observe in the responding
Pembolehubah yang bergerak variable?
balas Apa yang diperhatikan dalam
pemboleh ubah:
………………………………… …………………………………
………………………………… …………………………………
………………………………… …………………………………
………………………………… …………………………………
………………………………… …………………………………
………………………………… …………………………………
(iii) Fixed variable The way to keep the variable at a

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan constant:
………………………………… Cara menetapkan pembolehubah
………………………………… yang dimalarkan:
………………………………… …………………………………
………………………………… …………………………………
………………………………… …………………………………
………………………………… …………………………………
…………………………………
…………………………………
Table 1.2
Jadual 1.2

(c) State the hypothesis of this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis eskperimen ini.
[3 marks]
(d) Based on the observations made in this experiment, arrange the metals in an
ascending order of the reactivity.
Berdasarkan pemerhatian anda dalam eskperimen ini, susunkan logam di atas dalam
turutan kereaktifan menaik.
Reactivity of the metal increases

Kereaktifan logam semakin menaik
[3 marks]
(e) The experiment is repeated using aluminum oxide. The result showed no visible
change.
Eksperimen diulangi dengan menggunakan aluminum oksida. Tiada perubahan
dikesan.
(i) Predict the position of aluminium in the reactivity series of metals in (d).
Ramalkan kedudukan logam aluminium dalam siri kereaktifan logam di (d).
……………………………………………………………………………………
…...………………………………………………………………………………
.……………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]
(ii) Draw the arrow (↓) to show the position of aluminum in the reactivity series of
metals in your answer in (d).
Lukiskan anak panah (↓) untuk menunjukkan kedudukan aluminium dalam siri
kereaktifan logam dalam jawapan anda di (d).
[3 marks]

2 Table 2.1 shows the observation in five test tubes used to investigate the effect of other metals
on rusting. A mixture of jelly solution, potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), K3 Fe (CN)6 solution
and phenolphthalein were used as medium in each test tube. The observations were recorded
after one day.
Jadual 2.1 menunjukkan pemerhatian dalam lima buah tabung uji yang digunakan untuk
menyiasat kesan logam lain ke atas pengaratan. Medium yang digunakan di dalam setiap
tabung uji adalah campuran larutan agar, larutan kalium heksasianoferat(III), K3Fe(CN)6
dan fenolftalein. Pemerhatian direkod selepas satu hari

(a) State the observation and inference for test tube 2, 3 and 4.
Nyatakan pemerhatian dan inferens untuk tabung uji 2, 3 dan 4.
(b) Based on this experiment, state:

Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan:

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi:
…………………………………………………………………………..

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas:
………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) The fixed variable:

Pembolehubah dimalarkan:
………………………………………………………………………….
[3 marks]
(c) State the operational definition for the potential difference.

Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi beza upaya.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]

(d) Based on the observation of test tube 5 in Table2.1, predict metal Q.

Berdasarkan pemerhatian bagi tabung uji 5 dalam Jadual 2.1, ramalkan
logam Q
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]

KERTAS 3: MERANCANG EKPERIMEN

1. Teacher: Here I have 3 types of metal. Magnesium, zinc and Iron,
Can you help me to compare the reactivity of this metals?
Di sini saya mempunyai 3 jenis logam. Magnesium, zink and ferum.
Bolehkah kamu membantu saya membandingkan kereaktifan logam ini?
Students: We can try to test them by burning in oxygen.

Kita boleh cuba uji dengan membakarnya dalam oksigen.
Using suitable substance and apparatus, plan one laboratory experiment to investigate the
reactivity of metal with oxygen.
Dengan menggunakan bahan dan radas yang sesuai, rancangkan satu eksperimen makmal
untuk mengkaji kereaktifan logam dengan oksigen.


Pernyataan masalah

Semua pembolehubah



Prosedur eksperimen

Penjadualan data
[17 marks]

2. Diagram 2 shows a galvanized zinc roof which is made of iron coated with a zinc layer
and food cans made from iron coated with a tin layer. Both the roof and the food cans do
not rust easily.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan atap zink galvani diperbuat daripada besi yang disadurkan dengan
lapisan zink dan tin makanan yang disadurkan dengan lapisan timah. Kedua-dua atap zink
galvani dan tin makanan tidak mudah berkarat
Food cans Galvanised zinc roof

Tin makanan Atap zink galvani
Referring to the above example, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of other
metals on the rusting of iron. You are given iron nails, magnesium ribbon, zinc strip, copper
stirp and tin strip.
Merujuk kepada contoh di atas, rancang satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan logam lain
terhadap pengaratan besi. Anda dibekalkan dengan paku besi, kerajang zink, kerajang
kuprum dan kerajang timah.
Your planning should include the following:
Perancangan anda haruslah mengandungi perkara-perkara berikut:
(a) Statement of the problem

Pernyataan masalah

Semua pembolehubah



Prosedur eskperien

Penjadualan data
[17 marks]


SKEMA KERTAS 2:
OXIDATION AND REDUCTION/ PENGOKSIDAAN DAN PENURUNAN
Section A
Bahagian A
Ques ons Rubrics Marks

a Chemical reac on that involves oxida on and reduc on occurring 1

at the same me
1
Tindak balas kimia yang melibatkan proses pengoksidaan dan
proses penurunan yang berlaku secara serentak.
b Pb 2+ and Br- 1
Pb2+ dan Br-
c 1
d i Mg Mg2+ + 2e 1
ii Cu 2+ + 2e Cu 1
e Anode: brown gas form 1
Anod : gas perang terhasil
Cathode: grey solid forms 1

Katod : pepejal kelabu terhasil
f Cu2+ ion gain electrons in cathode 1
Reduc on reac on occur 1
OH- ion releases electrons at anode 1
Oxida on reac on occur 1
Ion Cu2+ menerima elektron di katod

Proses penurunan berlaku
Ion OH- melepaskan elektron di anod
Proses pengoksidaan berlaku
TOTAL MARKS 10


a i Green to brown 1
2 Hijau kepada perang
ii Oxida on 1
Pengoksidaan
b P1 : 2(x) + 7(-2) = -2 1
P2 : +6 1
c (i) Iron(II) sulphate // FeSO4// Fe2+ ion 1
Ferum(II) sulfat// FeSO4// ion Fe2+
c (ii) P1 : iron(II) ion loses/releases electron to form iron(III) ion 1
Ion ferum(II) kehilangan/ membebaskan elektron membentuk ion
ferum(III)
P2 : Iron(II) ion is oxidized 1
Ion ferum(II) dioksidakan
d (i) 1. Func onal diagram 1
Gambarajah berfungsi
2. Correct label 1
Label dengan betul
(ii) P1 : Insoluble salt/ Iron(II) carbonate is formed 1

Garam tak terlarutkan/ Ferum(II) karbonat terbentuk
P2 : ions cannot move between the two solu ons //
incomplete circuit 1
ion dak dapat melalui antara dua larutan //
litar dak lengkap
TOTAL MARKS 11


a (i) 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl 1

3 (ii) 0 → -1 1
(iii) Sodium atom donates an electron to the chlorine atom and reduces 1
it to the chloride ion
Atom natrium menderma satu elektron pada atom klorin dan
menurunkannya kepada ion klorida
b (i) Purple/Ungu 1
(ii) Br2 + 2I- → 2Br- + I2 1
(iii) As an oxidizing agent 1
Sebagai agen pengoksidaan
c (i) Zinc/zink 1
(ii) J, Hydrogen, T, Magnesium 1
J, Hidrogen, T, Magnesium
(iii) Hydrogen reacted with oxide of J. So it is more reactive than J. 3
However, it did not react with oxide of T which is zinc oxide. So
hydrogen is less reactive than zinc. Magnesium is the most
reactive in this experiment.
Hidrogen bertindak balas dengan oksida logam J. Jadi, ia lebih
reaktif daripada J. Walau bagaimanapun, tiada tindak balas
dengan oksida logam T, iaitu zink oksida. Jadi, hidrogen adalah
kurang reaktif daripada zink. Magnesium adalah yang paling
reaktif dalam eksperimen ini.
TOTAL MARKS 11

a (i) +3 1
4 (ii) Carbon/Karbon 1
(iii) Reducing agent/Agen penurunan 1
(iv) 2Fe2O3 + 3C → 4Fe + 3CO2// 2
Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
1 – correct formula for reactants and products
1 – balanced chemical equation
b (i) Brown colour/Warna perang 1
(ii) Bromine/Bromin 1
(iii) 0 to -1 1

(iv) Reduction/Penurunan 1
(v) Acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution/Acidified potassium 1
dichromate(VI) solution
Kalium manganat(VII) berasid/kalium dikromat(VI) berasid
TOTAL MARKS 10

a Acts as a salt bridge to complete the circuit and separate the oxidizing 1
and reducing agents.
5
Bertindak sebagai jambatan garam untuk melengkapkan litar dan
mengasingkan agen pengoksidaan dan penurunan.
b (i) Colourless solution turns yellow 1
Larutan tidak berwarna menjadi kuning
(ii) 2I- → I2 + 2e 2
(iii) A little solution is taken from around carbon electrode X and 2
tested with a few drops of starch solution. A dark blue
colouration is obtained.
Sedikit larutan diambil daripada bahagian elektrod karbon X
dan diuji dengan beberapa titis larutan kanji. Warna biru hitam
akan diperolehi.
c (i) The purple is decolourised 1
Warna ungu dinyahwarnakan
(ii) As an oxidizing agent 1

Sebagai agen pengoksidaan
(iii) It oxidises iodide to iodine 1
Ia mengoksidakan iodide kepada iodin
d Acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution 1
Larutan kalium dikromat(VI) berasid
TOTAL MARKS 10

Section B
Bahagian B

a (i) Zinc : +2, Iron : +3 2

1
(ii) Zinc chloride and Iron(III) oxide 2
Zink klorida dan Ferum(III) oksida
b Reac on I – not a redox reac on
Show suitable chemical equa on for neutraliza on 1
Show oxida on number of elements 1
Show there's no change in oxida on number of elements 1
Tindak balas I – bukan ndak balas redoks

Persamaan kimia yang sesuai bagi peneutralan
Tunjuk nombor pengoksidaan bagi se ap unsur
Tunjuk ada perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi se ap unsur
Reac on II – redox reac on

Show suitable chemical equa on for displacement of metals 1
Show oxida on numbers of elements 1
Show change in oxida on numbers of elements 1
Tindak balas II – ndak balas redoks

Tunjuk persamaan kimia yang sesuai bagi penyesaran logam
Tunjuk nombor pengoksidaan se ap unsur
Tunjuk terdapat perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi se ap unsur
c (i) P: Cu//Sn//Pb 1
Q: Mg//Zn//Al 1
(ii) Set 1
Fe2+ ions are produced 1
Iron is more electroposi ve than P//Iron loses electrons to form Fe2+ 1
Fe 🡪 Fe2+ + 2e
Iron is oxidized 1
1
Set 2
OH- ions are produced
Iron is less electroposi ve than Q//Q loses electrons to form Q ions 1
Q 🡪 Q2+ + 2e 1
Q is oxidized 1
1
Set 1
Ion Fe2+ terbentuk
Ferum lebih elektroposi f berbanding P//Ferum kehilangan electron
untuk membentuk ion Fe2+
Fe → Fe2+ + 2e
Ferum dioksidakan

Set 2
Ion OH- hadir
Ferum kurang elektroposi f berbanding Q. Jadi Q kehilangan electron
untuk membentuk ion Q
Q → Q2+ + 2e
Q dioksidakan
TOTAL MARKS 20

No. of Total
Question Marks Mark
Rubrics / rubrik
Nombor markah Jumlah
soalan markah
2. (a) Iron (II) ion / Fe2+ is oxidised / undergoes oxidation 1
The oxidation number of iron increases from +2 to +3 1
Chlorine water / Cl2 is reduced / undergoes reduction 1
The oxidation number of chlorine decreases from 0 to -1 1 4
Ion besi (II) / Fe2 + dioksidakan / mengalami pengoksidaan

Bilangan pengoksidaan zat besi meningkat dari +2 hingga +3
Air klorin / Cl2 dikurangkan / mengalami pengurangan
Bilangan pengoksidaan klorin menurun dari 0 hingga -1
(b) Magnesium / other suitable metal 1 1
(i) Magnesium / logam lain yang sesuai
Magnesium / Mg is oxidised because donates electrons 1
(ii) Half-equation: Mg → Mg2+ + 2e 1
Zinc ions / Zn2+ is reduced because accepts electrons 1
Half-equation: Zn2+ + 2e → Zn 1
Ionic equation: Mg + Zn2+ → Mg2+ + Zn 1 5
Magnesium / Mg dioksidakan kerana menyumbangkan elektron

Separuh persamaan: Mg → Mg2 + + 2e
Ion zink / Zn2 + dikurangkan kerana menerima elektron
Separuh persamaan: Zn2 + + 2e → Zn
Persamaan ion: Mg + Zn2 + → Mg 2 + + Zn
(iii)
Number of mol of Zn2+ =
1
= 0.02 mol 1
Number of mol of Zn displaced = 0.02 mol
Mass of zinc displaced = 0.02 x 65 1 3
= 1.3g
Bilangan mol Zn2 + =

= 0.02 mol
Bilangan mol Zn dipindahkan = 0.02 mol
Jisim zink yang dipindahkan = 0,02 x 65
= 1.3g

(c)
Functional diagram 1
Labelled 1
Zinc more electropositive than copper 1
Electrode zinc : zinc atom oxidised to zinc ion 1
Electrode copper: copper(II) ion reduced to copper atom 1
Observation:
Electrode zinc become thinner
Electrode copper become thicker 1
1 7
Gambar rajah berfungsi
Berlabel
Zink lebih elektropositif daripada tembaga
Elektrod zink: atom zink teroksidasi menjadi ion zink
Tembaga elektrod: ion tembaga (II) diturunkan menjadi atom kuprum
Pemerhatian:
Zink elektrod menjadi lebih nipis
Tembaga elektrod menjadi lebih tebal
20

Section C
Bahagian C
No. of Ques on
Marks
Nombor Rubrics / rubrik
markah
soalan
(a) Oxida on is the process of gaining oxygen. Reduc on is the process of losing 1
1 oxygen.
Pengoksidaan adalah proses penambahan oksigen. Penurunan adalah proses
kehilangan okisgen.
b Materials
Charcoal powder (carbon), zinc oxide powder, aluminium oxide powder 1
Apparatus
Crucible, pipe clay triangle, tripod stand, Bunsen burner 1
Bahan
Serbuk arang (karbon), serbuk zink oksida, serbuk aluminium oksida
Radas
Mangkuk pijar, segi ga tanah liat, tungku kaki ga, penunu Bunsen
Diagram :
Correct diagram + lable 1
Func onal 1
Procedure
1. Put half a spatula of carbon powder and half a spatula of zinc oxide powder 1
into a crucible. Mix the two powders. 1
2. Heat the mixture strongly. 1
3. Record the observa ons.
4. Repeat the above steps using aluminum oxide powder. 1

Prosedur
1. Letakkan setengah spatula serbuk karbon dan setengah spatula serbuk zink
oksida ke dalam sebiji mangkuk pijar. Camprkan serbuk tersebut.
2. Panaskan dengan kuat campuran itu.
3. Catatkan pemerha an.
4. Ulang langkah-langkah di atas dengan menggunakan serbuk aluminium
oksida.
Observa on/Pemerha an
Mixture Observa on 1
Campuran Pemerha an
Carbon and zinc oxide Bright glow 1
Karbon dan zink oksida Membara dengan terang
Carbon and aluminium oxide No change
Karbon dan aluminium oksida Tiada perubahan
c Metal electrode P: Copper 1

Metal electrode Q: Zinc 1
Solu on R: Copper (II) sulphate 1
Elektrod logam P: Kuprum
Elektrod logam Q: Zink
Larutan R: Kuprum(II) sulfat
Explana on
1 Zinc: nega ve terminal
Copper: posi ve terminal
Zink: terminal nega f 1
Kuprum: terminal posi f
2 Zinc releases electrons and is oxidized to zinc ion. 1
Copper (II) ions accepts the electrons and is reduced to copper// 1
Zink membebaskan electron dan dioksidakan kepada ion zink.
Ion Kuprum(II) menerima electron dan diturunkan kepada kuprum//
Zn → Zn2+ + 2e
Cu2+ + 2e → Cu
3 Zinc undergoes oxida on

Copper(II) ions undergoes reduc on 1
Zink dioksidakan
Ion kuprum(II) diturunkan.
4 Zinc is more electroposi ve than copper.
Zink adalah lebih elektroposi f berbanding dengan kuprum 1
5 Electrons transfer from the zinc electrode to the copper electrode
Elektron dipindahkan dari elektrod zink ke elektrod kuprum.
6 Needle of voltmeter deﬂects 1
Jarum voltmeter terpesong.
7 Copper(II) ions acts as the oxidizing agent 1
Zinc acts as the reducing agent.
Ion kuprum(II) ber ndak sebagai agen pengoksidaan 1
Zink ber ndak sebagai agen penurunan.
TOTAL MARKS 20

Total
No. of Q Explanation Marks
Mark
2. (a) (i) Metal M : copper 1
1
Half-equation for oxidation : Cu Cu 2+ + 2e
1
Half -equation for reduction : Ag+ + e Ag 4
1
Oxidation number charge : +1 to 0
Logam M: Kuprum
Separuh persamaan untuk pengoksidaan: Cu🡪 Cu 2+ + 2e
Setengah-persamaan untuk penurunan: Ag + + e 🡪Ag
Caj nombor pengoksidaan: +1 hingga 0
(b)
Reactant Iron(II) sulphate Bromine water
Role Reducing agent Oxidising agent
Agen 1+1
Peranan Agen menurunan
pengoksidaan
Transfer of Donates Accept
electron electron//Iron(II) electron//bromine
1+1
Pemindahan ion donates accepts electron to
elektron electron to produce bromide
produce iron(III) ion
ion Terima elektron // 1+1 6
Derma elektron // bromin menerima
Besi (II) ion elektron untuk
menyumbangkan menghasilkan ion
elektron untuk bromida
menghasilkan ion
besi (III)
Colour change Green/pale green Brown to
Perubahan warna to colourless
brown/yellowish Perang kepada
brown tidak berwarna
Hijau / hijau pucat
kepada perang /
kekuningan

(c) Procedure :
1. One spatula of copper(II) oxide powder and one spatula 1
of carbon powder is placed into a crucible.
2. The crucible and its content are heated strongly. 1
3. the observation is recorded. 1
4. steps 1 to 3 are repeated by replacing copper(II) oxide
1
powder with magnesium oxide powder.
Prosedur:
1. Satu spatula serbuk tembaga (II) oksida dan satu spatula
serbuk karbon dimasukkan ke dalam wadah.
2. Kandang dan kandungannya dipanaskan dengan kuat.
3. pemerhatian direkodkan.
4. langkah 1 hingga 3 diulang dengan menggantikan serbuk
kuprum (II) oksida dengan serbuk magnesium oksida.
Observation:
Mixture Observation
1
Carbon and copper(II) The mixture burns brightly//the
oxide black powder turns brown
Carbon and magnesium No changes 1
oxide
Pemerhatian:
Campuran Pemerhatian
Karbon dan kuprum (II) Campuran terbakar dengan
oksida terang // serbuk hitam bertukar
menjadi perang
Karbon dan magnesium Tiada perubahan
oksida
Explanation:
1
1. Carbon can react with copper (II) oxide.
1
2. Carbon more reactive than copper/carbon is above
copper in the Reactivity Series. 1
3. Carbon cannot react with magnesium oxide. 1
4. Carbon is less reactive than magnesium/carbon below
magnesium is the Reactivity Series.
Arrangement 1 11
Copper, carbon, magnesium Max
10
TOTAL MARKS 20

SKEMA KERTAS 3:
SOALAN STRUKTUR
SOALAN 1

Soalan Rubrik markah
a Dim embers; bright embers 3

Baraan tak terang; baraan yang terang
b i Types of metal oxide/jenis oksida logam 6
By using different types of metal/menggunakan logam yang
berbeza jenis
ii Embers/brightness of embers/Keadaan baraan
Observe the formation of embers or brightness of
products/memerhatikan baraan atau kecerahan nyalaan pada
hasil tindak balas
ii Quantity of metal oxide/Kuantiti oksida logam
i Using same amount of metal oxide/menggunakan kuantiti yang
sama oksida logam
c The less reactive the metal when compared with carbon, the 3
brighter the embers
Kurang reaktif logam tersebut berbanding dengan karbon, lebih
terang baraan yang dihasilkan.
d Copper, lead, zinc 3

e (i) Aluminium is the most reactive. 3
Aluminium paling reaktif.
3
(ii) Copper, lead, zinc , ↓
TOTAL MARKS 18


3(a)
Able to state at least two readings correctly without unit 1


Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable
and the responding variable and state the direction correctly.
Sample answer When a less electropositive metal than iron is in
contact with iron nail/ferum/Fe, the metal speeds up
rusting/corrosion of iron but when a more electropositive metal is
3(b )
in contact with iron/ferum/Fe, the metal inhibits rusting/corrosion
of iron // When the metal in contact with iron is lower than
3
iron/ferum/Fe in electrochemical series, the rusting/corrosion of
iron is faster but when the metal in contact with iron is higher than
iron/ferum/Fe in electrochemical series, the iron does not rust/
rusting/corrosion of iron slower// The further the distance between
less electropositive metals and iron/Fe in electrochemical series
that in contact with iron, the higher is the intensity/more of blue
spots formed but the further the distance between more

electropositive metals and iron/Fe in electrochemical series that in

contact with iron, the higher is the intensity/more of pink colour
formed.
Mampu menyatakan hubungan antara pemboleh ubah
dimanipulasi dengan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas dan
menyatakan arah dengan betul.Jawapan contoh Apabila logam
yang kurang elektropositif daripada besi bersentuhan dengan
paku besi / ferum / Fe, logam mempercepat pengaratan / kakisan
besi tetapi apabila logam yang lebih elektropositif bersentuhan
dengan besi / ferum / Fe, logam menghalang karat / kakisan besi
// Apabila logam yang bersentuhan dengan besi lebih rendah
daripada besi / ferum / Fe dalam siri assay, karat / kakisan besi
adalah lebih cepat tetapi apabila logam yang bersentuhan dengan
besi lebih tinggi daripada besi / ferum / Fe dalam siri
elektrokimia, besi tidak berkarat / berkarat / karat besi lebih
perlahan // Semakin jauh jarak antara logam kurang elektropositif
dan besi / Fe dalam siri elektrokimia bahawa jika bersentuhan
dengan besi, semakin tinggi intensiti / lebih banyak bintik biru
yang terbentuk tetapi semakin jauh jarak antara logam
elektropositif dan besi / Fe dalam siri elektrik yang bersentuhan
dengan besi, semakin tinggi s intensiti / lebih banyak warna
merah jambu yang terbentuk.
Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable
and the responding variable without stating the direction/ less
accurately Sample answer When different metal in contact with
iron, the more blue spot/rust formed
2
Mampu menyatakan hubungan antara pemboleh ubah
dimanipulasi dan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas tanpa
menyatakan arah / kurang tepat Contoh jawapan Apabila logam
berlainan bersentuhan dengan besi, semakin banyak titik / karat
biru terbentuk
Able to give an idea of hypothesis Sample answer Pair of metal
will produce rust
1
Mampu memberi idea hipotesis Contoh jawapan Sepasang logam
akan menghasilkan karat


Able to state all the variables in this experiment correctly. Sample

answer (i) Manipulated variables : Type/different metal //
position of metal in electrochemical series (ii) Responding
variable : Rusting / corrosion // presence of blue/pink colour (iii)
Constant variable : Size/mass of iron nail // type of nail // clean
iron nails // temperature // medium in which the iron nail are kept
3(c ) 3
Mampu menyatakan semua pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen ini
dengan betul.Jawapan contoh (i) Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi:
Jenis / logam yang berbeza // kedudukan logam dalam siri
elektrokimia (ii) Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: Pengaratan /
kakisan // kehadiran warna biru / merah jambu (iii )
Pembolehubah malar: Saiz / jisim paku besi // jenis paku // paku
besi bersih // suhu // medium di mana paku besi disimpan
Able to state any two variables correctly 2

Able to state any one variable correctly 1

Able to give one operational definition of the experiment correctly

with the following aspects: i.what you do ii.what you observe
Sample answer Blue spot form when less electropositive metal is
in contact with iron nail and dipped/put into jelly solutions that
contain potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) and phenolphthalein//
Rusting occurs when iron nail is in contact with tin/less
electropositive metal and form blue colouration in potassium
hexacyanoferrate(III) solution and phenolphthalein // No blue spot
form when more electropositive metal is in contact with iron nail
and dipped/put into jelly solutions that contain potassium
3(d ) hexacyanoferrate(III) and phenolphthalein // Rusting does not
occurs when iron nail is in contact with Mg/Zn/more
electropositive metal and form blue colouration in potassium 3
hexacyanoferrate(III) solution and phenolphthalein // (based on
test tube 1) Blue spot form when iron nail dipped intojelly
solutions that contain potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) and
phenolphthalein
Mampu memberikan satu definisi operasi eksperimen dengan

betul dengan aspek berikut: i. Apa yang anda lakukan ii. Apa yang
anda perhatikan Contoh jawapan Bentuk titik biru apabila logam
kurang elektropositif bersentuhan dengan paku besi dan
dicelupkan / dimasukkan ke dalam larutan agar-agar yang
mengandungi kalium hexacyanoferrate (III) dan phenolphthalein
// Pengaratan berlaku apabila paku besi bersentuhan dengan

logam timah / kurang elektropositif dan membentuk pewarnaan

biru dalam larutan kalium heksacyanoferrate (III) dan
phenolphthalein // Tiada bentuk titik biru apabila lebih banyak
logam elektropositif bersentuhan dengan besi kuku dan dicelup /
dimasukkan ke dalam larutan agar-agar yang mengandungi
kalium heksacyanoferrate (III) dan phenolphthalein // Pengaratan
tidak berlaku apabila paku besi bersentuhan dengan Mg / Zn /
lebih banyak logam elektropositif dan membentuk pewarnaan biru
dalam larutan kalium heksacyanoferrate (III) dan fenolphthalein
// (berdasarkan tabung uji 1) Bentuk bintik biru apabila paku besi
dicelupkan ke dalam larutan agar-agar yang mengandungi kalium
heksacyanoferrate (III) dan fenolphthalein
Able to give the operational definition for rusting incompletely

with any one of the following aspects: i.what you do ii.what you
observe Sample answer Metal is put into jelly blue spot form
2
Mampu memberikan definisi operasi untuk berkarat tidak lengkap
dengan salah satu aspek berikut: i. Apa yang anda lakukan ii. Apa
yang anda perhatikan Contoh jawapan Logam dimasukkan ke
dalam bentuk titik biru jeli
Able to give an idea of operational definition for rusting Sample
answer Iron corrodes/rust/oxidized
1
Mampu memberi idea definisi operasi untuk berkarat Contoh
jawapan Besi berkarat / berkarat / teroksida

SKEMA KERTAS 3:
SOALAN MERANCANG EKSPERIMEN
SOALAN 1
No. of Explanation Score

question Penerangan skor
Nombor
soalan
1. (a) Able to state the problem statement correctly 3

How is reactivity of magnesium, zinc and iron metals when reacting with
oxygen?
Mampu menyatakan pernyataan masalah dengan betul
Bagaimana kereaktifan logam magnesium, zink dan ferum apabila
bertindak balas dengan oksigen?
Able to give the statement of problem incorrectly 2

To investigate the reactivity of magnesium, zinc and iron metals when
reacting with oxygen?
Mampu memberikan penyataan masalah dengan tidak betul
Untuk mengkaji kereaktifan logam magnesium, zink dan ferum apabila
bertindak balas dengan oksigen
Able to state the idea of statement of problem 1

To study reactivity of metals
Mampu menyatakan idea pernyataan masalah
Untuk mengkaji kereaktifan logam

(b) Able to state all variables correctly 3

Sample answer:
Manipulated variable : types of metals
Responding variable : reactivity of metal towards oxygen
Constant variable : size of metal
Mampu menyatakan semua pemboleh ubah dengan betul
Contoh jawapan:
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi: Jenis logam
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: kereaktifan logam terhadap oksigen
Pembolehubah malar: saiz logam

Mampu menyatakan dua pemboleh ubah dengan betul

Mampu menyatakan mana-mana pemboleh ubah dengan betul

Tiada respon atau respon yang salah

(c) Able to give the hypothesis accurately 3

Sample answer:
The reactivity of metals with oxygen increases from iron, zinc and
magnesium
Mampu memberikan hipotesis dengan tepat

Contoh jawapan:
Kereaktifan logam dengan oksigen meningkat dari besi, zink dan
magnesium
Able to give the hypothesis almost accurately 2

Sample answer:
The reactivity of magnesium metal with oxygen is the highest compared to
the others
Mampu memberikan hipotesis hampir tepat
Contoh jawapan: Kereaktifan logam magnesium dengan oksigen paling
tinggi berbanding yang lain
Able to state an idea of the hypothesis 1

The reactivity of magnesium metal with oxygen is the highest
Mampu menyatakan idea hipotesis
Kereaktifan logam magnesium dengan oksigen paling tinggi


(d) Able to give the list of substances and apparatus correctly and completely 3
Sample answer:
Apparatus : Boiling tube, retort stand and clamp, Bunsen burner,
spatula, forcep
Substances : Potassium manganate (VI), Magnesium powder, zinc
powder, iron fillings, glass wool, asbestos paper
Mampu memberikan senarai bahan dan radas dengan betul dan lengkap
Contoh jawapan:
MFP: Tiub didih, retort stand dan clamp, Bunsen burner, spatula, forcep
Bahan: Kalium manganat (VI), serbuk magnesium, serbuk zink, lapisan
besi, wul kaca, kertas asbestos
Able to give the list of substances and apparatus correctly but not 2
completely
Sample answer:
List of apparatus and substances
Potassium manganate (VI), Magnesium powder, zinc powder, iron fillings,
asbestos paper
Boiling tube, retort stand and clamp, Bunsen burner, spatula,
Mampu memberikan senarai bahan dan radas dengan betul tetapi tidak
lengkap
Contoh jawapan:
Senarai radas dan bahan
Kalium manganat (VI),Serbuk magnesium, serbuk zink,serbuk besi, kertas
asbestos
Tiub didih, retort stand dan clamp, Bunsen burner, spatula,
Able to give an idea about the list of substances and apparatus 1

Sample answer:
Any one apparatus and two substances
Mampu memberi idea mengenai senarai bahan dan radas
Contoh jawapan:
Mana-mana satu alat dan dua bahan


(e) Able to state the procedure correctly 3

Sample answer:
1. One spatulaful of solid potassium manganate (VI) is put into a boiling
tube
2. Some glass wool is pushed into the tube. The tube is clamped
horizontally.
3. One spatulaful of magnesium powder is placed on asbestos paper.
4. The magnesium powder is heated strongly. Then the solid potassium
manganate (VII) is heated.
5. Observation on how vigorously magnesium react with oxygen is
recorded.
6. Step 1-4 repeated using zinc powder and iron powder.
Mampu menyatakan prosedur dengan betul
Contoh jawapan:
1. Satu spatula kalium manganat padat (VI) dimasukkan ke dalam tabung
didih
2. Sebilangan bulu kaca ditolak ke dalam tiub. Tiub dikapit secara
mendatar.
3. Satu spatulaful serbuk magnesium diletakkan di atas kertas asbestos.
4. Serbuk magnesium dipanaskan dengan kuat.Kemudian kalium
manganat padat (VII) dipanaskan.
5. Pemerhatian tentang bagaimana magnesium bertindak balas dengan
oksigen dicatatkan.
6. Langkah 1-5 diulang menggunakan serbuk zink dan serbuk besi.
Able to state three steps of the procedure correctly 2

Sample answer:
Steps 2, 3, 5
Mampu menyatakan tiga langkah prosedur dengan betul
Contoh jawapan:
Langkah 2, 3, 5
Able to state two steps of the procedure correctly 1

Sample answer:
Steps 2, 3
Mampu menyatakan dua langkah prosedur dengan betul
Contoh jawapan:
Langkah 2, 3


(f) Able to show the tabulation of data correctly 3

Table has 2 columns and 4 rows
Mampu menunjukkan tabulasi data dengan betul

Jadual mempunyai 2 lajur dan 4 baris
Sample answer:
Metal Observation
Magnesium
Zinc
Iron
Able to show the tabulation of data less accurately. 2

Sample answer:
Metal Observation
Magnesium
Zinc
Able to state an idea about the tabulation of data.

1

Sample answer:


SOALAN 2
No. of
question Explanation Score
Nombor Penerangan skor
soalan
2. (a) Able to state the problem statement correctly 3
How is the effect of rusting when iron is in contact with other metals
Mampu menyatakan pernyataan masalah dengan betul
Bagaimana kesan pengaratan ketika besi bersentuhan dengan logam lain
Able to give the statement of problem incorrectly 2
To investigate the effect of other metals on the rusting of iron
Mampu memberikan penyataan masalah dengan tidak betul
Untuk mengkaji kesan logam lain terhadap pengaratan besi
Able to state the idea of statement of problem 1
To study rusting of iron
Mampu menyatakan idea penyataan masalah
Untuk mengkaji pengaratan besi
(b) Able to state all variables correctly 3
Sample answer:
Manipulated variable : Different types of metals/different metals
Responding variable : Rate of rusting/rusting of iron
Constant variable : Iron nails/temperature
Mampu menyatakan semua pemboleh ubah dengan betul
Contoh jawapan:
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi: Jenis logam yang berbeza / logam yang
berbeza
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: Kadar pengaratan / pengaratan besi
Pembolehubah malar: Paku / suhu besi
Mampu menyatakan dua pemboleh ubah dengan betul
Mampu menyatakan mana-mana pemboleh ubah dengan betul


(c) Able to give the hypothesis accurately 3

Sample answer:
When a more electropositive metal is in contact with iron, the metal
inhibits rusting/speeds up//Iron rusts faster when in contact with a less
electropositive metal
Mampu memberikan hipotesis dengan tepat

Contoh jawapan:
Apabila logam yang lebih elektropositif bersentuhan dengan besi, logam
menghalang pengaratan / mempercepat // Besi berkarat lebih cepat
ketika bersentuhan dengan logam yang kurang elektropositif
Able to give the hypothesis almost accurately 2
Sample answer:
When a more reactive metal is in contact with iron, the metal inhibits
rusting
Mampu memberikan hipotesis hampir tepat

Contoh jawapan:
Apabila logam yang lebih reaktif bersentuhan dengan besi, logam
menghalang pengaratan
Able to state an idea of the hypothesis 1
When a more electropositive metal is in contact with iron, the metal
inhibits rusting
Mampu menyatakan idea hipotesis

Apabila logam yang lebih elektropositif bersentuhan dengan besi, logam
menghalang pengaratan

(d) Able to give the list of substances and apparatus correctly and completely 3
Sample answer:
Apparatus : Test tubes, test tube rack
Substances : Sandpaper, iron nails, magnesium ribbon, zinc strip,
copper strip, tin strip, hot jelly solution mixed with potassium
hexacyanoferrate(III) solution and phenolphthalein indicator
Mampu memberikan senarai bahan dan radas dengan betul dan lengkap
Contoh jawapan:
MFP: Tabung uji, rak tabung uji
Bahan: Kertas pasir, paku besi, pita magnesium, jalur zink, jalur
tembaga, jalur timah, larutan jeli panas dicampurkan dengan larutan
kalium heksacyanoferrate (III) dan penunjuk phenolphthalein
Able to give the list of substances and apparatus correctly but not 2
completely
Sample answer:
List of apparatus and substances
Test tube, iron nail, magnesium, zinc, copper, tin, water, potassium
hexacyanoferrate (III)/phenolphthalein indicator
Mampu memberikan senarai bahan dan radas dengan betul tetapi tidak
lengkap
Contoh jawapan:
Senarai radas dan bahan
Tabung uji, paku besi, magnesium, zink, tembaga, timah, air, kalium
heksacyanoferrate (III) /penunjuk phenolphthalein
Able to give an idea about the list of substances and apparatus 1
Sample answer:
Any one apparatus and two substances
Mampu memberi idea mengenai senarai bahan dan radas
Contoh jawapan:Mana-mana satu alat dan dua bahan

(e) Able to state the procedure correctly 3

Sample answer:
1. All the metal strips are cleaned with sandpaper
2. The metal strip is coiled with around the iron nails and the put into
each test tube.
3. The same volume of hot jelly solution is poured and mixed with the
potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) and phenolphthalein indicator.
4. The test tubes are left aside for one day.
5. The intensity of the blue and Pink colour in each test tube is
compared.
Mampu menyatakan prosedur dengan betul

Contoh jawapan:
1. Semua jalur logam dibersihkan dengan kertas pasir
2. Jalur logam dililit dengan sekitar paku besi dan dimasukkan ke dalam
setiap tabung uji.
3. Isi padu larutan jeli panas dituangkan dan dicampurkan dengan
kalium hexacyanoferrate (III) dan penunjuk fenolphthalein.
4. Tabung uji dibiarkan selama satu hari.
5. Keamatan warna biru dan Pink di setiap tabung uji dibandingkan.
Able to state three steps of the procedure correctly 2
Sample answer:
Steps 2, 3, 5
Mampu menyatakan tiga langkah prosedur dengan betul
Contoh jawapan:
Langkah 2, 3, 5
Able to state two steps of the procedure correctly 1
Sample answer:
Steps 2, 3
Mampu menyatakan dua langkah prosedur dengan betul
Contoh jawapan: Langkah 2, 3

(f) Able to show the tabulation of data correctly 3


Sample answer:
Test tube A B C D E
Intensity of the blue
colour
Intensity of the pink
colour
Able to show the tabulation of data less accurately. 2

Sample answer:
Test tube A B C D E 1
Observation
Able to state an idea about the tabulation of data.


Sample answer:
No response or wrong respons 0


Set 8
Thermochemistry
Termokimia
TAJUK: THERMOCHEMISTRY/ TERMOKIMIA
Section A
Bahagian A
1 Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the heat of combustion of propanol,
C3H7OH.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan haba pembakaran propanol,
C3H7OH.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
Table 1 shows the results of this experiment.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini.
Volume of water used (cm3)

Isi padu air yang digunakan (cm3) 100.00
Initial temperature of the water (°C)

Suhu awal air (°C) 27.00
Highest temperature of the water (°C)

Suhu tertinggi air (°C) 36.60
Mass of the spirit lamp and ethanol before burning (g)

Jisim lampu spirit dan etanol sebelum pembakaran (g) 240.12
Mass of the spirit lamp and ethanol after burning (g) 240.00
Jisim lampu spirit dan etanol selepas pembakaran (g)
Table 1 / Jadual 1

(a) What is the meaning of heat of combustion of propanol?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan haba pembakaran propanol?
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
(b) Write a chemical equation for the complete combustion of propanol in excess oxygen.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi pembakaran lengkap propanol dalam oksigen
berlebihan.
______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/ 2 markah]
(c) Explain why a copper can is used in this experiment.
Terangkan mengapa tin kuprum digunakan dalam eksperimen ini.
_____________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/ 1 markah]
(d) Calculate the following.

Hitung yang berikut.
i. The mass of propanol burnt

Jisim propanol yang terbakar
[1 mark/ markah]
ii. The number of moles of propanol burnt
Bilangan mol propanol yang terbakar
[Relative atomic mass / Jisim atom relatif : H= 1, C= 12, O= 16]
[ 1 mark/ 1 markah]

iii. The total amount of heat released during experiment

Jumlah tenaga haba yang terbebas semasa eksperimen
[Specific heat capacity of solution/ Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J g-1 °C-1]
[ 1 mark/ 1 markah]
iv. The heat of combustion of propanol

Haba pembakaran bagi propanol.
[ 1 mark/ 1 markah]
(e) Electricity can be produced by burning methane in oxygen. Methane and oxygen
react to produce carbon dioxide and water by releasing 889 kJ mol-1 of heat.
Draw an energy level diagram that represents the energy change in this reaction.
Elektrik boleh dihasilkan dengan pembakaran metana dalam oksigen.
Metana dan oksigen bertindak balas menghasilkan karbon dioksida dan air dengan
melepaskan sebanyak 889 kJ mol-1 haba. Lukis gambar rajah aras tenaga yang
mewakili perubahan tenaga semasa tindak balas ini.
[2 marks/2 markah]

2 Diagram 2 shows an experiment carried out by a student to determine the heat of

displacement for the reaction between zinc and copper (II) nitrate solution. Excess zinc
powder is added to 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 copper (II) nitrate solution.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan eksperimen yang dijalankan oleh seorang pelajar untuk
menentukan haba penyesaran bagi tindak balas antara zink dengan larutan kuprum(II) nitrat.
Serbuk zink berlebihan ditambahkan kepada 50 cm3 larutan kuprum(II) nitrat 0.2 mol dm-3.
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
(a) What is meant by heat of displacement?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan haba penyesaran?
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/ 1markah]
(b) Why is plastic cup used in this experiment?

Mengapa cawan plastik digunakan dalam eksperimen ini?
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/ 1 markah]
(c) State two observations in the reaction other than increase in temperature.

Nyatakan two pemerhatian dalam tindak balas itu selain dari peningkatan suhu.
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/ 2 markah]
(d) The chemical equation for the displacement reaction between zinc and copper (II)
nitrate is as follows:
Persamaan bagi tindak balas penyesaran antara logam zink dengan larutan
kuprum(II) nitrat adalah seperti berikut:
Zn(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) → Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Cu(s)

Zn(p) + Cu(NO3)2(ak) → Zn(NO3)2(ak) + Cu(p)
Calculate,
Hitung,
i. The heat released in the reaction.

perubahan haba dalam tindak balas itu.
[Specific heat capacity of the solution,c = 4.2 Jg-1℃-1,
Density of the solution=1gcm-3]
[Muatan haba tentu larutan, c = 4.2 Jg-1℃-1, Ketumpatan larutan = 1 g cm-3]
[1 mark/ 1 markah]
ii. The heat of displacement of copper by zinc.
haba penyesaran kuprum oleh zink.
[3 marks/ 3 markah]
(e) Suggest another metal that can displace copper (II) ions, Cu2+ .

Cadangkan satu logam lain yang dapat menyesarkan ion kuprum, Cu2+.
____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/ 1 markah]
(f) Why is zinc powder added in excess?
Mengapa serbuk zink ditambah secara berlebihan?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/ 1 markah]
3 Diagram 3 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the heat of neutralization in an experiment.
Potassium chloride solution and water produced when 50.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 acid A reacts
with 50.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 alkali B.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan haba peneutralan dalam suatu
eksperimen. Larutan kalium klorida dan air terhasil apabila 50.0 cm3 asid A 1.0 mol dm-3
bertindak balas dengan 50.0 cm3 alkali B 1.0 mol dm-3 .
Diagram 3
Rajah 3

(a) State the meaning of heat of neutralization.

Nyatakan maksud haba peneutralan.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
(b) Name the acid A and alkali B involved in this reaction.

Namakan asid A dan alkali B yang terlibat dalam tindak balas ini.
Acid A :
Asid A : _______________________________________________________________
Alkali B:
Alkali B : ______________________________________________________________
[2 marks/ 2 markah]
(c) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between acid A and alkali B.
Tulis persamaan ion bagi tindak balas antara asid A dan alkali B.
_____________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/ 1 markah]
(d) Based on the data obtained from the experiment, calculate:

Berdasarkan data yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen, hitungkan:
i. number of moles of acid A used.
bilangan mol bagi asid A yang digunakan
[1 mark/ 1 markah]
ii. heat change in the experiment.

perubahan haba dalam eksperimen ini
[Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 Jg-1°C-1 , Density of solution =1 g cm-3]
[Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 Jg-1°C-1 , Ketumpatan larutan = 1 g cm-3]
[1 mark/ 1 markah]

iii. Heat of neutralization.

haba peneutralan.
[ 1 mark/ 1 markah]
(e) Draw the energy level diagram for the reaction.
Lukiskan gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi tindak balas ini.
[2 marks/ 2 markah]
(f) Predict the value of the heat of neutralisation if alkali B is replaced with an ammonia
solution when it reacts with acid A.
Ramalkan nilai haba peneutralan jika alkali B diganti dengan larutan ammonia apabila
bertindak balas dengan asid A.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/ 1 markah]

4. Table 4 shows the heats of combustion of some common fuels.

Jadual 4 menunjukkan haba pembakaran beberapa bahan api yang biasa digunakan.
Fuel Heat of combustion (kJ mol-1)

Bahan api Haba pembakaran (kJ mol-1)
Methane -890
Metana
Propane -2 230
Propana
Ethanol -1 376
Etanol
Propanol -2 016
Propanol
Table 4
Jadual 4
(a) The combustion of the fuels is an exothermic reaction. What is meant by

exothermic reaction?
Pembakaran bahan api adalah tindak balas eksotermik. Apakah yang
dimaksudkan dengan tindak balas eksotermik?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
(b) Diagram 4 shows the energy profile for the combustion of ethanol.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan profil tenaga bagi pembakaran etanol.
Diagram 4
Rajah 4
Mark ΔH for the reaction in Diagram (b).

Tandakan ΔH bagi tindak balas itu dalam Rajah (b).

(c) (i) Compare the heat of combustion of methane and propane.

Bandingkan haba pembakaran metana dan propana.
__________________________________________________________________
(ii) Explain your answer in (c)(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda di (c) (i).
_________________________________________________________________
(d) Calculate the fuel value of propanol.

[molar mass of propanol, C3H7OH = 60 g mol-1]
Hitungkan nilai bahan api bagi propanol.
[Jisim Molar propanol, C3H7OH = 60 g mol-1]

(e) During a football game, a player found that his knee was swollen after being hit by
the opponent. A physiotherapist put ice cubes on his knee to relieve the pain.
Semasa perlawanan bola sepak, seorang pemain mendapati lututnya bengkak selepas
berlanggar dengan pemain lawan. Seorang ahli fisioterapi meletakkan ketulan ais
pada lutut pemain itu untuk mengurangkan kesakitan.
As a chemistry student, suggest another method to help the player.

Explain how the method you choose will help the player.
Sebagai seorang pelajar kimia, cadangkan kaedah lain untuk membantu pemain itu.
Terangkan bagaimana kaedah yang dipilih dapat membantu atlit itu.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

5. Diagram 5 shows an experiment to determine the heat of displacement of the reaction

between copper and silver nitrate solution. In this experiment, excess copper powder was
added to 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution. The heat of displacement in this
experiment is -105 kJ mol-1.
[Specific heat capacity of the solution= 4.2 Jg-1 ºC-1, density of the solution=1 g cm-3]
Rajah 5 menunjukkan suatu eksperimen untuk menentukan haba penyesaran bagi tindak
balas antara kuprum dan larutan argentum nitrat. Dalam eksperimen ini, serbuk kuprum
berlebihan ditambah ke 50 cm3 larutan argentum nitrat 1.0 mol dm-3. Haba penyesaran
untuk eksperimen ini ialah -105 kJ mol-1.
[Muatan haba tentu bahan larutan = 4.2 Jg-1 ºC-1 ,ketumpatan larutan = 1 g cm-3]
Diagram 5
Rajah 5
(a) Based on this experiment , what is meant by heat of displacement?

Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan haba penyesaran?
________________________________________________________________________
(b) State one observation for this experiment

Nyatakan satu pemerhatian bagi eksperimen ini.
________________________________________________________________________
(c) Besides using sodium hydroxide solution , describe briefly another test to verify the
cation formed after the experiment is done.
Selain daripada penggunaan larutan natrium hidroksida , terangkan secara ringkas
suatu ujian lain untuk mengesahkan kation yang terbentuk selepas eksperimen
dijalankan.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

(d) Based on the information from this experiment, calculate

Berdasarkan maklumat daripada eksperimen ini, hitungkan
(i) The number of of moles of silver ions reacted

bilangan mol ion argentum yang bertindak balas
(ii) The heat released

Jumlah haba terbebas
(iii) The change in temperature

Perubahan dalam suhu
(iv) The experiment is repeated using 50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution
and excess copper powder. State the temperature change in this experiment.
Explain why the change of temperature is different from the experiment in (d)
(iii).
Eksperimen diulang dengan menggunakan 50 cm3 larutan argentum nitrat 0.5
mol dm-3 dan serbuk kuprum. Nyatakan perubahan suhu bagi eksperimen ini.
Terangkan mengapa perubahan suhu ini berbeza daripada eksperimen dalam
d(iii).
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Section B
Bahagian B
7. (a) An experiment is carried out to determine the heat of precipitation of silver

chloride. Diagram 7.1 shows the energy level for reaction between silver nitrate
and sodium chloride.
Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk menentukan haba pemendakan bagi argentum
klorida. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan aras tenaga bagi tindak balas antara argentum
nitrat dan natrium korida.
Diagram 7.1
Rajah 7.1
(i) State two observations in the experiment.

Nyatakan dua pemerhatian dalam eksperimen itu.
[1 mark/ 1 markah]
(ii) Write two statements that can be concluded from Diagram 7.1.
Tulis dua penyataan yang boleh dirumus daripada Rajah 7.1.
[2 marks /2 markah]
(iii) In another reaction, 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 lead (II) nitrate is added to 50 cm3 of
0.2 mol dm-3 copper (II) sulphate solution. The temperature of the mixture
increased by 7.0 ℃. Write the chemical equation involved and calculate the heat
of precipitation of lead (II) sulphate.
Dalam satu tindak balas lain, 50 cm3 plumbum (II) nitrat 0.2 mol dm-3 ditambah
kepada 50 cm3 larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 0.2 mol dm-3. Suhu campuran telah
meningkat sebanyak 7.0 ℃. Tulis persamaan kimia yang berlaku dan hitung
haba pemendakan bagi plumbum (II) sulfat.
[7 marks/7 markah]

(b) (i) Table 7.2 shows the heat released when 1 mol of two different alkalis,
alkali A and B reacted with hydrochloric acid in Experiment I and II whereas in
Experiment III, alkali B reacted with acid C.
Jadual 7.2 menunjukkan haba yang dibebaskan apabila 1 mol bagi dua alkali
yang berlainan, alkali A dan B bertindak balas dengan asid hidroklorik dalam
Eksperimen I dan II manakala dalam eksperimen III, alkali B bertindak balas
dengan asid C.
Experiment Reaction Heat of neutralisation

Eksperimen Tindak balas Haba peneutralan
(kJ mol-1)
I Alkali A and hydrochloric acid - 57

Alkali A dan asid hidroklorik
II Alkali B and hydrochloric acid - 54

Alkali B dan asid hidroklorik
III Alkali B and acid C - 52

Alkali B dan asid C
Table 7.2
Jadual 7.2
Based on Table 7.2, suggest one example of alkali A, B and acid C. Explain why
there is a difference in the value of the heat released in Experiment I and II.
Berdasarkan Jadual 7.2, cadangkan satu contoh bagi alkali A, B dan asid C.
Jelaskan mengapa terdapat perbezaan nilai haba yang dibebaskan dalam
Eksperimen I dan II.
[7 marks/ 7 markah]
(ii) The following thermochemical equation represents the reaction between

sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide solution;
2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O ; ΔH = - 114 kJ
Heat of neutralisation for the reaction is - 57 kJ mol-1 but not - 114 kJ mol-1.
Explain why.
Persamaan termokimia berikut mewakili tindak balas antara asid sulfurik
dengan natrium hidroksida:
2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O ; ΔH = - 114 kJ
Haba tindak balas peneutralan bagi tindak balas di atas adalah - 57 kJ mol-1
dan bukannya - 114 kJ mol-1. Terangkan.
[2 marks/ 2 markah]

8 (a) The thermochemical equation below shows the precipitation reaction between 20
cm3 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium chloride solution and 20 cm3 0.5 mol dm-3 silver nitrate
solution.
Persamaan termokimia bagi tindak balas pemendakan di bawah menunjukkan
tindak balas antara 20 cm3 0.5 mol dm-3 larutan kalium klorida dan 20 cm3 0.5 mol
dm-3 larutan argentum nitrat.
KCl + AgNO3 → AgCl + KNO3 ∆H = - 65.5 kJ mol-1
(i) State the meaning of heat of precipitation for this reaction.

Nyatakan maksud haba pemendakan untuk tindak balas ini
[1 marks /1 markah]
(ii) Draw the energy level diagram for the reaction.

Lukis gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi tindak balas ini.
[2 marks /2 markah]
(iii) Calculate the change in temperature for this precipitation reaction.
[Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 Jg-1oC-1 , Density of solution = 1g cm-3]
Hitung perubahan suhu bagi tindak balas pemendakan ini.
[Muatan Haba tentu larutan= 4.2 Jg-1oC-1 , Ketumpatan larutan = 1g cm-3]
State the temperature change for the reaction if sodium chloride solution is
used to replace potassium chloride solution while other conditions remain the
same. Give your reason.
Nyatakan perubahan suhu bagi tindak balas pemendakan jika larutan natrium
klorida digunakan menggantikan larutan kalium klorida manakala lain-lain
keadaan kekal sama. Berikan alasan anda.

(b) Table 8 shows the heat released for Experiment I, II and III for different acids that
has reacted with sodium hydroxide solution.
Jadual 8 menunjukkan haba yang dibebaskan bagi tindak balas I , II dan III
menggunakan asid berlainan yang telah bertindak balas dengan larutan natrium
hidroksida.
Heat of neutralisation
Experiment Chemical Equation
Haba peneutralan
Eksperimen Persamaan kimia
(kJ mol-1)
I HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O -57
II CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O -54
III H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O -57
Table 8
Jadual 8
Based on Table 8, explain the difference in heat released between:

Berdasarkan Jadual 8, terangkan perbezaan dalam haba dibebaskan antara :
i) Experiment I and Experiment II

Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II
ii) Experiment I and Experiment III
Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen III
(c) During a football game, a player found that his leg was swollen after being hit by
the opponent player. As a chemistry student, suggest how to help the player.
Explain how the method you choose will help the player.
Semasa perlawanan bola sepak, seorang pemain mendapati kakinya bengkak
selepas berlanggar dengan pemain lawan. Sebagai seorang pelajar kimia,
cadangkan kaedah lain untuk membantu pemain itu.
Terangkan bagaimana kaedah yang dipilih dapat membantu pemain itu.
Diagram 8
Rajah 8

Section C
Bahagian C
9. (a) Diagram 9 shows a brown solid deposited on the iron spoon due to an
electroplating experiment where the spoon is immersed into copper (II) nitrate,
Cu(NO3)2 solution. The beaker that was used to immerse the spoon also became
hot.
Rajah 9 menunjukkan pepejal perang yang terbentuk pada sudu besi akibat
daripada eksperimen penyaduran di mana sudu tersebut direndam ke dalam
larutan kuprum (II)nitrat, Cu(NO3)2 .Didapati bikar yang digunakan untuk
merendam sudu tersebut juga menjadi panas.
Diagram 9
Rajah 9
If heat released to form 1 mol of brown solid is X kJ mol-1, identify the type of
reaction and draw an energy level diagram for the reaction.
Jika haba yang dibebaskan untuk membentuk 1 mol pepejal perang ialah X kJ
mol-1 , kenal pasti jenis tindak balas yang berlaku dan lukis gambarajah aras
tenaga bagi tindak balas itu.
[3 marks/ 3 markah]

(b) Table 9 shows the thermochemical equation for experiment I, experiment II and
experiment III.
Jadual 9 menunjukkan persamaan termokimia bagi eksperimen I, eksperimen II
dan eksperimen III.
Experiment Thermochemical equation

Eksperimen Persamaan termokimia
I Mg + Cu2+ → Mg 2++ Cu ΔH = -352 kJ mol-1
II Zn + Cu2+ → Zn 2++ Cu ΔH = -210 kJ mol-1
III NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2 ΔH = +12.7 kJ mol-1

Table 9
Jadual 9
Based on all the information in Table 9:

Berdasarkan kepada semua maklumat di dalam Jadual 9:
(i) Calculate the temperature change in experiment I when excess magnesium powder
is added into 100 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 copper (II) sulphate solution, CuSO4
solution.
[Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J ℃-1 , Density of solution = 1 g cm-3]
Hitung perubahan suhu dalam eksperimen I apabila serbuk magnesium
berlebihan dicampurkan kepada 100 cm3 larutan kuprum(II) sulfat, CuSO4 0.1
mol dm-3.
[Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J ℃-1 , ketumpatan larutan = 1 g cm-3]
[4 marks/ 4 markah]
(ii) By comparing the value of heat of reaction in experiment II and experiment III,
state three information that can be deduced from the table.
Dengan membandingkan nilai haba tindak balas bagi eksperimen II dan
eksperimen III, nyatakan tiga maklumat yang boleh disimpulkan daripada jadual
tersebut.
[3 marks/ 3 markah]

(iii) Based on Experiment I, describe an experiment to determine the heat of

displacement of copper by magnesium. In your description, include a labelled
diagram and two precautions that should be taken during the experiment.
Berdasarkan Eksperimen I, huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan haba
penyesaran kuprum oleh magnesium. Dalam penerangan anda sertakan gambar
rajah berlabel dan dua langkah berjaga-jaga semasa menjalankan eksperimen.
[10 marks/ 10 markah]
10. (a) Table 10 shows the value for the heat of combustion of three types of alcohol.
Jadual 10 menunjukkan nilai haba pembakaran bagi tiga jenis alkohol.
Alcohol Heat of combustion

Alkohol Haba pembakaran
(kJ mol-1)
Ethanol -1376
Propanol -2016
Butanol -2678
Table 10
Jadual 10
(i) 3.7 g of butanol is used to heat 500 cm3 of water. The temperature of water
rises from 28.0 oC to 88.0 oC. Calculate the heat of combustion for butanol.
[Relative atomic mass ; H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Specific heat capacity of water
4.2 Jg-1 C-1]
3.7 g butanol digunakan untuk memanaskan 500 cm3 air. Suhu air meningkat
dari 28.0 oC ke 88.0 oC. Hitung haba pembakaran bagi butanol.
[Jisim atom relatif ; H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Muatan haba tentu air ialah 4.2
Jg-1 oC-1 ]
(ii) The value for the heat of combustion obtained in (a)(i) is less than the
theoretical value given in Table 10. Explain why the difference occurs.
Nilai haba pembakaran yang diperolehi di (a)(i) adalah lebih rendah daripada
nilai teori yang diberikan di Jadual 10. Jelaskan mengapa perbezaan itu
berlaku.
(iii) Based on Table 10, identify which alcohol has isomers.

Draw the structural formula and name one of the isomers.
Berdasarkan Jadual 10, kenalpasti alkohol manakah yang mempunyai isomer.
Lukis formula struktur dan namakan salah satu isomer tersebut.

(b)
Diagram 10
Rajah 10
Haikal wants to determine the heat of displacement of metal V in his chemistry
class using the apparatus set up as in Diagram 10.
By using a named metal V, describe how Haikal can carry out the experiment. Your
description should include the following aspects:
● Procedure of experiment
● Calculation to determine the heat of displacement
Haikal hendak menentukan haba penyesaran logam V dalam kelas kimianya dengan
menggunakan alat radas seperti Rajah 10.
Dengan menggunakan logam V yang dinamakan, huraikan bagaimana Haikal
dapat menjalankan eksperimen tersebut.
Huraian anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek berikut:
● Prosedur eksperimen
● Pengiraan untuk menentukan haba penyesaran


1. A student carried out an experiment to investigate the heat of neutralization of sodium
hydroxide solution with two different acids. Diagram 1.1 and 1.2 show the initial
temperature reading of solution and highest temperature reading of the mixture.
Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji haba peneutralan
antara larutan natrium hidroksida dengan dua asid yang berbeza. Rajah 1.1 dan 1.2
menunjukkan bacaan suhu awal larutan dan bacaan suhu tertinggi bagi campuran.
Reactants Initial temperature of Highest temperature of

Bahan tindak balas solution (°C) mixture (°C)
Suhu awal larutan (°C) Suhu tertinggi campuran (°C)
Set I
50 cm3 of 2.0 moldm-3

hydrochloric acid
_____________________
50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 2.0 mol
dm-3
+
_______________________
50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium

hydroxide solution
50 cm3 larutan natrium
hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3 _____________________
Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

Reactants Initial temperature of Highest temperature of

Bahan tindak balas solution (°C) mixture (°C)
Suhu awal larutan (°C) Suhu tertinggi campuran
(°C)
Set II

ethanoic acid
50 cm3 asid etanoik 2.0 mol _____________________
dm-3
+
____________________

sodium hydroxide solution
50 cm3 larutan natrium
hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3
___________________

(a) Record the reading of the initial temperature of solution and highest temperature of
mixture in the spaces provided in Diagram 1.1 and Diagram 1.2,
Catatkan bacaan suhu awal larutan dan suhu tertinggi campuran dalam ruang yang
disediakan dalam Rajah 1.1 dan Rajah 1.2.
(b) Calculate and complete the table below.

Hitung dan lengkapkan jadual di bawah.
Set I Set II
Volume of mixture / cm3 100 100

Isipadu campuran / cm3
Number of mole = molarity x volume 0.1 0.1

Bilangan mol = kemolaran x isipadu
Heat release = mcθ

[Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g-1
°C-1]
Haba dibebas = mcθ
[Muatan haba tentu bagi larutan = 4.2 J g-1
°C-1]
Heat of neutralization / kJ mol-1

Haba peneutralan / kJ mol-1
(c) For both experiments, state
Bagi kedua-dua eksperimen, nyatakan
(i) Manipulated variable / Pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan
____________________________________________________________________
(ii) Responding variable / Pemboleh ubah yang bergerak balas
_____________________________________________________________________

(iii) Constant variable / Pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan
____________________________________________________________________
(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(e) State the operational definition of heat of neutralization for the experiment.
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi haba peneutralan bagi eksperimen ini.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(f) State the relationship between the strength of the acid and heat of neutralization.
Nyatakan hubungan antara kekuatan asid dan haba peneutralan.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. A student carried out two experiments to determine the heat of precipitation of insoluble
salt lead (II) sulphate.
In Experiment I, 25.0 cm3 lead(II) nitrate solution 0.5 mol dm-3 is added into 25.0 cm3
sodium sulphate solution 0.5 mol dm-3. Diagram 2.1 shows the set-up of apparatus used.
Seorang murid telah menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk menentukan haba pemendakan
garam tak terlarutkan plumbum(II) sulfat.
Dalam Eksperimen I, 25.0 cm3 larutan plumbum(II) nitrat 0.5 mol dm-3 ditambahkan
kepada 25.0 cm3 larutan natrium sulfat 0.5 mol dm-3. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan susunan
radas dan bahan yang digunakan.
Experiment I
Eksperimen I
Thermometer reading Thermometer reading

Bacaan termometer = _____________ Bacaan termometer = ____________
Thermometer reading
Bacaan termometer = ________________
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1

In Experiment II, 25.0 cm3 lead(II) nitrate solution 1.0 mol dm-3 is added into 25.0 cm3
sodium sulphate solution 1.0 mol dm-3. Diagram 2.2 shows the set-up of apparatus used.
Dalam Eksperimen II, 25.0 cm3 larutan plumbum(II) nitrat 1.0 mol dm-3 ditambahkan
kepada 25.0 cm3 larutan natrium sulfat 1.0 mol dm-3. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan susunan
radas dan bahan yang digunakan.
Experiment II
Eksperimen II
Thermometer reading Thermometer reading

Bacaan termometer = _____________ Bacaan termometer = ____________
Thermometer reading
Bacaan termometer = ______________
Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2

(a) Record the thermometer readings in the spaces provided in Diagram 2.1 and 2.2.
Rekodkan bacaan termometer pada ruang yang disediakan dalam Rajah 2.1 dan
2.2.
(b) Based on the experiment, complete the table below.

Berdasarkan kepada eksperimen tersebut, lengkapkan jadual di bawah.
Manipulated variable: Method to manipulate the variable:

Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan: Kaedah untuk memanipulasikan pemboleh
ubah:
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Responding variable: How the variable is responding:
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: Bagaimana pemboleh ubah itu bergerak
balas:
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Fixed variable: Method to maintain the fixed variable:
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan: Kaedah menetapkan pemboleh ubah :
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
(c) State one hypothesis for both experiments.

Nyatakan satu hipotesis bagi kedua-dua eksperimen.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

(d) State three observations that you could obtain in Experiment I other than the change
in temperature. Write the suitable inference for each observation.
Nyatakan tiga pemerhatian yang boleh diperoleh di dalam Eksperimen I selain
daripada perubahan suhu. Tuliskan inferens yang sesuai bagi setiap pemerhatian.
(e) Determine the heat of precipitation for the reaction between 25.0 cm3 lead(II) nitrate
solution 0.5 mol dm-3 with 25.0 cm3 sodium sulphate solution 0.5 mol dm-3.
Tentukan haba pemendakan bagi tindak balas di antara 25.0 cm3 larutan
plumbum(II) nitrat 0.5 mol dm-3 dan 25.0 cm3 larutan natrium sulfat 0.5 mol dm-3.
(f) Give the operational definition for the heat of precipitation.

Berikan definisi secara operasi bagi haba pemendakan.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

(g) How does the temperature change in Experiment I and II differ? Explain why.
Bagaimanakah perubahan suhu dalam Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II berbeza?
Terangkan mengapa.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(h) Based on the temperature in Experiment I, predict the change in temperature if the
experiment is repeated using 25.0 cm3 lead(II) nitrate solution 0.5 mol dm-3 with
25.0 cm3 potassium sulphate solution 0.5 mol dm-3.
Berdasarkan kepada suhu Eksperimen I, ramalkan perubahan suhu jika eksperimen
diulang dengan menggunakan 25.0 cm3 larutan plumbum(II) nitrat 0.5 mol dm-3 dan
25.0 cm3 larutan kalium sulfat 0.5 mol dm-3.
___________________________________________________________________
(i) Classify the ions in lead(II) nitrate solution and sodium sulphate solution into
cations and anions.
Kelaskan ion-ion di dalam larutan plumbum(II) nitrat dan natrium sulfat kepada
kation dan anion.
Cation Anion
Kation Anion

3. An experiment is carried out to determine the heat of combustion of a few alcohols. The
initial mass of the spirit lamp containing methanol is measured before burning the methanol.
100 cm3 of water is then heated with methanol in the spirit lamp until the temperature of
water rises by 25oC. The final mass of the lamp containing methanol is measured again after
burning. Diagram 3.1 shows the set-up of apparatus and thermometer reading in water for
this experiment. The experiment was repeated by using ethanol and propanol.
Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan haba pembakaran beberapa alkohol.
Jisim awal pelita yang mengandungi metanol diukur sebelum pembakaran metanol. 100 cm3
air kemudian dipanaskan dengan metanol dalam pelita sehingga suhu air meningkat
sebanyak 25oC. Jisim akhir pelita yang mengandungi metanol diukur sekali lagi selepas
pembakaran. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan susunan radas dan bacaan termometer suhu air bagi
eksperimen ini. Eksperimen diulangi dengan menggunakan etanol dan propanol.
Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1

Diagram 3.2 and diagram 3.3 shows the reading of the mass of methanol and spirit lamp
before and after combustion.
Rajah 3.2 dan rajah 3.3 menunjukkan jisim pelita dan metanol sebelum dan selepas
pembakaran.
Diagram 3.2 Diagram 3.3

Rajah 3.2 Rajah 3.3
(a) For this experiment, state
i. manipulated variable :
pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi:
______________________________________________________________________
ii. the responding variable :
pemboleh ubah bergerak balas :
______________________________________________________________________
iii. the fixed variable :

pemboleh ubah dimalarkan :
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/ 3 markah]

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/ 3 markah]

(c) i. Calculate the heat released by methanol.

Hitung haba yang dibebaskan oleh metanol.
(Heat capacity of the solution is 4.2 J g-1 oC-1, density of solution is 1.0 g cm-3.)
(Muatan haba tentu larutan ialah 4.2 J g-1 oC-1, ketumpatan larutan ialah 1.0 g
cm-3]
[ 1 mark/ 1 markah]
ii. Calculate the number of moles of methanol burnt.
Hitung bilangan mol metanol yang terbakar.
(RAM/ JAR: C = 12, H = 1, O = 16)
[ 1 mark/ 1 markah]
iii. Calculate the heat of combustion for methanol.

Hitung haba pembakaran bagi metanol.
[ 1 mark/ 1 markah]
(d) Draw the energy level diagram for heat of combustion of methanol.
Lukis gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi haba pembakaran metanol.
[ 3 marks/ 3 markah]

(e) Predict the heat of combustion of ethanol.

Ramalkan haba pembakaran bagi etanol.
______________________________________________________________________
[ 3 marks/ 3 markah]

1 Diagram 1 shows two different alternative fuels found in petrol stations, methanol, CH3OH
and ethanol, C2H5OH.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan dua minyak alternatif yang berbeza dijumpai di stesen petrol iaitu,
metanol, CH3OH dan etanol, C2H5OH.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
Based on information above, plan an experiment to compare the heat of combustion of

methanol and ethanol.
Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk mengkaji haba
pembakaran bagi metanol dan etanol.


Pernyataan masalah

Semua pemboleh ubah




Prosedur eksperimen

Penjadualan data
[17 marks/17 markah]
2 Table 2 shows a conversation between two students.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan perbualan di antara dua murid.
Kelly: My cup feels warm when I add in ethanoic acid into sodium hydroxide.
Cawan saya berasa panas apabila saya menambah asid etanoik ke dalam natrium
hidroksida.
Naim: You are right! But it isn’t as warm as when I added hydrochloric acid into sodium
hydroxide in my cup.
Betul kata kamu! Tetapi ia tidak sepanas seperti apabila saya menambah asid
hidroklorik ke dalam natrium hidroksida dalam cawan saya.
Table 2
Jadual 2
Based on the conversation above, plan an experiment to compare the heat of neutralization
between different types of acid with sodium hydroxide solution.
Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, rancang satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan haba
peneutralan antara asid berlainan jenis dengan natrium hidroksida.


Pernyataan masalah

Semua pemboleh ubah



Prosedur eksperimen

Penjadualan data

3.
Experiment I : NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O ∆H = - 57.5 kJmol-1
Experiment II : NaOH + CH3COOH → CH3COONa + H2O ∆H = - 55 kJmol-1
The value of the heat of neutralization for the reaction between sodium
hydroxide solution and strong acid solution is higher than the value of the heat
of neutralization for the reaction between sodium hydroxide solution and weak
acid solution.
Nilai haba peneutralan bagi tindak balas antara larutan natrium hidroksida
dengan larutan asid kuat lebih tinggi daripada haba peneutralan larutan
natrium hidroksida dengan larutan asid lemah.
Based on the above statement, you are required to design an experiment to determine and
compare the heat of neutralization between sodium hydroxide solution with a named strong
acid solution and a weak acid solution.
Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, anda dikehendaki merancang eksperimen untuk menentukan
haba peneutralan di antara larutan natrium hidroksida dengan satu larutan
asid kuat dan satu larutan asid lemah yang dinamakan.


Pernyataan masalah

Semua pemboleh ubah



Prosedur eksperimen

Penjadualan data

SKEMA KERTAS 2 : THERMOCHEMISTRY/ TERMOKIMIA

Section A
Bahagian A
1 a) [Able to state the meaning of heat of combustion correctly]
Answer:
Heat of combustion is the amount of heat energy released 1

when 1 mole of propanol is burnt in excess oxygen.
Haba pembakaran adalah jumlah tenaga haba yang
dibebaskan apabila 1 mol propanol terbakar dalam oksigen
berlebihan.
b) [ Able to write the chemical equation of combustion of
propanol correctly]
1. Correct formula of reactants and products
Formula bahan dan hasil tindak balas
1
2. Balanced chemical equation
Persamaan kimia yang seimbang 1
Answer:
C3H7OH + 9/2O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
c) [Able to explain why copper can is used correctly]
Answer:
Copper is a good heat conductor 1
Kuprum adalah konduktor haba yang baik
d) i) [Able to calculate the mass of propanol burnt correctly]
Answer:
1
mass = 240.12 - 240.00 = 0.12 g
ii) [Able to calculate the number of moles of propanol burnt

correctly]
1
Answer:
number of mole of propanol burnt = 0.12 = 0.002 moles

60

iii) [Able to calculate the heat released correctly]
Answer:
Heat released = 100 x 4.2 x 9.6 = 4032 J 1

iv) [Able to calculate the heat of combustion correctly]
Answer:
Heat of combustion, ΔH = 4032

0.002
= 2 016 000 J mol-1
= 2016 kJ mol-1 1
e) [Able to draw the energy level diagram correctly]
Answer:
1. Axis 1
Paksi
2. Correct reactants, products and ΔH 1
Bahan, hasil tindak balas dan ΔH
TOTAL MARKS 10
2 a) [Able to state the meaning of heat of displacement correctly]
Answer:
Heat released when 1 mol of metal is displaced from its salt 1

solution by a more electropositive metal.

Haba yang dibebaskan apabila 1 mol logam disesarkan

daripada larutan garamnya oleh logam yang lebih
elektropositif.
b) [Able to state why polystyrene cup is used correctly]
Answer:
To reduce heat loss to the surrounding 1
Untuk mengurangkan kehilangan haba ke persekitaran
c) [Able to state 2 observations correctly]
Answer:
1. Brown solid deposited 1
Pepejal perang terenap
2. Blue colour solution turns to colourless 1
Larutan berwarna biru bertukar ke tidak berwana
d) i) [Able to calculate the heat released correctly]
Answer:
H = 50 x 4.2 x 10℃ = 2100 J 1

ii) [Able to calculate correctly]
1. number of mole 1
nombor mol
2. Heat of displacement with correct unit and negative 1+1
sign
Haba penyesaran dengan unit tepat dan tanda negatif
Answer:
n = 50 x 0.2 // 0.01 moles

1000
ΔH = - 2100 J // - 210 000 J mol-1 // - 210 kJ mol-1
0.01 mol
e) [Able to suggest another metal that can displace Cu2+]
Sample Answer:
Magnesium // Aluminium // Iron 1

Magnesium // Aluminium // Ferum
f) [Able to explain why zinc powder is added in excess]
Answer:
To ensure all copper (II) ions are displaced 1
Untuk memastikan semua ion kuprum (II) telah disesarkan
TOTAL MARKS 10

3 a) [Able to state the meaning of heat of neutralization correctly]
Answer:
Heat released when 1 mol H+ ion react with 1 mol OH- ion to 1
produce 1 mol of water
Haba yang dibebaskan apabila 1 mol ion H+ bertindak balas
dengan ion OH- untuk membentuk 1 mol air.
b) [Able to suggest acid X and alkali Y correctly]
Answer:
Acid X :hydrochloric acid 1

Asid hidroklorik
Alkali Y : sodium hydroxide 1
Natrium hidroksida
c) [ Able to write the ionic equation of correctly] 1
Answer:
H+ + OH- → H2O
d) i) [Able to number of moles calculate correctly]
Answer:
n = 50 x 1.0 // 0.05 moles 1

1000
ii) [Able to calculate heat released correctly]
H = 100 x 4.2 x 6℃ = 2520 J 1

iii) [Able to calculate heat of neutralization correctly]
ΔH = - 2520 J // - 50 400 J mol-1 // - 50.4 kJ mol-1 1

0.05 mol
e [Able to draw the energy level diagram correctly]
Answer:
1. Axis 1

Paksi
2. Correct reactants, products and ΔH 1
Bahan, hasil tindak balas dan ΔH
Answer:
f [Able to predict correctly]
Less//smaller than 50.4 kJ mol-1 1

Kurang // Lebih kecil daripada 50.4 kJ mol-1
TOTAL MARKS 10
a Reaction that gives out / released heat to the 2

surroundings.
4
Tindak balas kimia yang membebaskan haba ke
persekitaran.

b 1
c (i) Heat of combustion of propane is higher than methane 1
Haba pembakaran propana lebih tinggi daripada

metana.
(ii) ● The number of carbon / hydrogen atoms per 1

molecule propane is higher
● More carbon dioxide / water produced when
propane is burnt
● More heat energy released
● Bilangan atom karbon per molekul dalam

propana lebih tinggi/ banyak
● Lebih banyak karbon dioksida / air dihasilkan
apabila propana dibakar
● Lebih banyak tenaga haba dibebaskan
d Molar mass of propanol, C3H7OH = 60 g mol-1 2

60 g of C3H7OH burnt released 2016 kJ //
1 g C3H7OH burnt released 1 x 2016 kJ
60
= 33.6 kJ g-1
(correct answer with correct unit)

e ● place the cold packs on his swollen knee 1

● to absorbs heat from his swollen knee
● constrict blood vessels and slow down blood
flow / reduce the formation of fluid in the
affected area.
● Menggunakan/meletakkan pek sejuk di tempat

bengkak
● Untuk menyerap haba daripada bengkak
● Mengecilkan salur darah dan memperlahankan
peredaran darah /mengurangkan pembentukan
cecair pada kawasan yang membengkak.
TOTAL MARKS 8
2 a Heat change / released when 1 mol of silver is displaced 1

from silver nitrate solution by copper
Perubahan/ Pembebasan haba apabila 1 mol argentum

disesarkan daripada larutan argentum nitrat oleh
kuprum
b The colourless solution turns blue // a grey solid is 1

formed // copper powder dissolves into the solution
Larutan jernih bertukar biru // pepejal kelabu terbentuk

// serbuk kuprum larut ke dalam larutan

c ● Add ammonia solution until in excess 2

● Blue precipitate formed
● Blue precipitate dissolves in excess ammonia
solution to form dark blue solution
● Tambah larutan ammonia secara berlebihan

● Mendakan biru terbentuk
● Mendakan biru larut dalam larutan ammonia
berlebihan membentuk larutan biru gelap
d i Mol of Ag+ =50 x 1.0 / 1000 = 0.05 mol 1
ii Heat released = 105000 x 0.05 J//5250 J (with unit) 1
iii Temperature change =5250 / (50 x 4.2 ) = 250C (with 1

unit)
e 1. 12.50C/half 2
2. concentration of Ag+ is half
Kepekatan ion Ag+ separuh
3. Number of mol of Ag+ per unit volume is half
Bilangan mol Ag+ per unit isipadu adalah separuh
TOTAL MARKS 9

4541
Section B
Bahagian B
a) i) [Able to state 2 observations correctly]

1 Answer:
1. Reading of thermometer increased
Bacaan termometer meningkat
2. White precipitate formed 1
Mendakan putih terbentuk
1
ii) [Able to write 2 statements that can be concluded correctly]
1
Answer:
1. The reaction is an exothermic reaction // The reaction
releases heat energy
Tindak balas ini adalah tindak balas eksotermik // 1
Tindak balas ini membebaskan tenaga haba
2. The total energy content of reactants is higher than the
total energy content of products
Jumlah kandungan tenaga bagi bahan tindak balas
adalah lebih tinggi daripada jumlah kandungan tenaga
bagi hasil tindak balas.
iii) [Able to write chemical equation correctly and calculate the
heat of precipitation with correct unit and negative sign]
1. Correct formula of reactants and products 1

Formula bahan dan hasil tindak balas
2. Balanced chemical equation 1
Persamaan kimia yang seimbang
Answer:
Pb(NO3)2 + CuSO4 → PbSO4 + Cu(NO3)2

H = 100 x 4.2 x 7
= 2940 J 1

4541
n = 50 x 0.2 = 0.01 moles 1
1000
ΔH = 2940 J
1
0.01mol
1
= 294 000 J mol-1
ΔH = -294 000 J mol-1 = - 294 kJ mol-1 1
b) i) [Able to suggest an example of Alkali A, Alkali B and Acid C

correctly and explain the difference in the value of the heat
released in Experiment I and II]
Answer:
Alkali A: Sodium hydroxide 1
Natrium hidroksida
Alkali B : Ammonia 1
Ammonia
Acid C: Ethanoic acid 1
Asid etanoik
NaOH is a strong alkali / dissociates completely in water 1
whereas ammonia is a weak alkali that dissociates partially in 1
water. 1
Some of the heat released is used to dissociate ammonia 1
completely.
NaOH ialah alkali kuat / bercerai lengkap dalam air manakala

ammonia ialah alkali lemah / bercerai separa dalam air.
Sebahagian haba yang dibebas digunakan untuk penceraian
ammonia dengan lengkap.
ii) [Able to explain why the heat of neutralisation for the reaction
is - 57 kJ mol-1 but not - 114 kJ mol-1]
Answer:
Heat of neutralisation is heat released when 1 mol of water is 1

formed.
In the reaction, 2 mol of water is formed;
Haba peneutralan adalah haba yang dibebaskan apabila 1
mol air terbentuk.
Di dalam tindak balas, 2 mol air yang terbentuk;
ΔH = 114/2 // 57 kJ mol-1 1
TOTAL MARKS 20

4541
a i Heat of precipitation is heat change when 1 mole of silver 1

2 chloride is formed from its ions in aqueous solution.
Haba yang dibebaskan apabila 1 mol mendakan argentum

klorida terbentuk
ii 2
1. Diagram shows energy level diagram for exothermic

reaction.
2. Label energy and draw correct level of energy of reactants
and products
3. Write correct equation of reactant and product, and ΔH =
-65.5 kJ mol-1
1. gambar rajah yang menunjukkan aras tenaga bagi tindak
balas eksotermik
2. label – Tenaga, persamaan kimia atau persamaan ion
yang betul, ∆H = -65.5 kJ mol-3

4541
iii 1. Pengiraan bil mol AgCl terbentuk 2
2. Perkaitan antara ∆H dan haba yang dibebaskan 1

3. Pengiraan perubahan suhu serta unit 2
Contoh Jawapan :
1. Bil. mol AgCl = Bil mol AgNO3 // KCl
= MV / 1000
= 0.5 x 20 // 0.01 mol
1000
2. 1 mol AgCl membebaskan 65500 J

0.01 mol AgCl membebaskan = 0.01 x 65500 = 655J
3. Haba yang dibebaskan =mcӨ
655 J = (20+20) x 4.2 x X
X = 655__oC// 3.89 oC
40 x 4.2
1
4. Nilai perubahan suhu ialah sama // 3.89 oC
5. Bil mol mendakan AgCl tetap sama 1
b i 1. The heat of neutralization of Experiment I is higher

than Experiment II. 1
2. HCl is strong acid while ethanoic acid is weak acid//
1
//HCl ionises completely in water to produce high
concentration of H+ ion//CH3COOH ionizes partially in
water to produce low concentration of H+ ion
3. In Experiment II, some of heat given out during
neutralization reaction is used to dissociate/ionise the 1
ethanoic acid molecules completely in water//part of
heat that is released is used to break the bonds in the
molecules of ethanoic acid that has not been ionized
4. The heat of neutralization of Experiment I is same 1
Experiment III.
5. H2SO4 is a diprotic acid// HCl is a monoprotic acid. 1

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6. H2SO4 produced two moles of hydrogen ion/H+ when
one mole of the acid ionised in water //HCl produced 1
one mole of hydrogen ion/ H+ when one mole of the
acid ionised in water.
7. When one mole of OH- reacts with two moles of H+
will produce one mole of water, the heat of
1
neutralisation is still the same as Experiment I because
the definition of heat of neutralisation is based on the
formation of one mole of water.
1. Haba peneutralan dalam eksperimen I lebih tinggi

daripada eksperimen II.
2. HCl adalah asid kuat manakala asid etanoik adalah asid

lemah // HCl mengion sepenuhnya di dalam air
manakala asid etanoik mengion separa di dalam air.
3. Didalam eksperimen II, sebahagian haba terbebas

digunakan untuk mengionkan molekul asid etanoik di
dalam air.
4. Haba peneutralan untuk eksperimen I dan III adalah

sama.
5. HCl dan H2SO4 kedua-duanya adalah asid kuat; HCl

adalah asid monoprotik manakala H2SO4 adalah asid
diprotik.
6. H2SO4 menghasilkan 2 mol kepekatan ion hidrogen/ HCl

menghasilkan 1 mol kepekatan ion hidrogen
7. Apabila 1 mol ion OH- bertindak balas dengan 2 mol ion

hidrogen, ia masih menghasilkan 1 mol air. Jadi haba
peneutralan masih sama iaitu menghasilkan 1 mol air.
c - place the cold packs on his swollen knee 1

-to absorbs heat from his swollen knee 1
1
- constrict blood vessels and slow down blood flow / reduce
the formation of fluid in the affected area.
- Letakkan ais/ pek sejuk pada kawasan yang bengkak
- Bagi menyerap haba dari kawasan yang bengkak
- Menghalang salur darah membengkak dan memperlahankan

aliran darah/ mengurangkan pembentukan cecair pada
kawasan yang membengkak.
TOTAL MARKS 20

4541

4541
Section C
Bahagian C
9 a) [Able to identify the type of reaction and draw an energy level

diagram for the reaction]
Answer:
1. Exothermic reaction
1
2. Label energy and draw correct level of energy of
1
reactants and products
3. Write correct equation of reactant and product, and ΔH
= -X kJ mol-1
1. Tindak balas eksotermik 1

2. Label tenaga dan lukis aras tenaga bahan dan hasil
tindak balas dengan betul
3. Tulis persamaan bahan dan hasil tindak balas dengan
betul, dan ΔH = -X kJ mol-1
b) i) [Able to Calculate the temperature change in experiment I

correctly ]
Answer:
n = 100 x 0.1 // 0.01 moles 1

1000

4541
Heat change = 0.01 x 352 000 = 3520 J 1

θ= 3520
1
100 x4.2
1
= 8.4 ℃
ii) [Able to compare the value of heat in Experiment II and III
correctly]
Answer:
Experiment II Experiment III 1
Exothermic reaction Endothermic reaction

Tindak balas eksotermik Tindak balas endotermik 1
Heat is released to Heat is absorbed from

surroundings surroundings 1
Haba dibebaskan ke Haba diserap dari
persekitaran persekitaran
Temperature of surroundings Temperature of surrounding

increase decrease
Suhu persekitaran meningkat Suhu persekitaran menurun
Total energy content of Total energy content of

reactants is higher than total products is higher than total
energy content of products energy content of reactants
Jumlah kandungan tenaga Jumlah kandungan tenaga
bahan tindak balas lebih hasil tindak balas lebih
tinggi daripada jumlah tinggi daripada jumlah
kandungan tenaga hasil kandungan tenaga bahan
tindak balas tindak balas
*any three
iii) [Able to describe an experiment to determine the heat of
displacement of copper by magnesium]
1. Suggested material: Copper (II) sulphate, CuSO4 // 1

Copper (II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2
Bahan dicadangkan: Kuprum (II) sulfat, CuSO4 //
Kuprum (II) nitrat, Cu(NO3)2
2. Measure 100 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 of copper (II) 1
sulphate and pour into a polystyrene cup.
Sukat 100 cm3 0.1 mol dm-3 kuprum (II) sulfat dan
tuangkan ke dalam cawan polistirena.
3. Measure and record the initial temperature of the 1

4541
solution.
Sukat dan rekod suhu awal larutan. 1
4. Add 2 spatulas of magnesium into the same
polystyrene cup.
Tambahkan 2 spatula magnesium ke dalam cawan
polistirena yang sama. 1
5. Stir the mixture.
Kacau campuran itu. 1
6. Record the highest temperature.
Rekod suhu tertinggi.
[Able to draw correctly]

7. Functional diagram 1
Rajah berfungsi
8. Labelled 1
Dilabel
[Able to state two precautions correctly]
Sample answer:
1. The initial temperature is taken after a few minutes. 1

Suhu awal diambil selepas beberapa minit.
2. The highest temperature must be the highest 1
temperature of the solution.
Suhu tertinggi mestilah suhu tertinggi larutan.
3. Metal powders are used instead of metal granules to
reduce heat loss to surroundings.
Serbuk logam digunakan dan bukan ketulan logam
untuk mengurangkan kehilangan haba ke persekitaran.
4. Use a polystyrene cup to reduce heat loss.
Gunakan cawan polistirena untuk mengurangkan
kehilangan haba.
*Any two
TOTAL MARKS 20

4541
a i P1. Number of mole of butanol = // 0.05 mol 5

2 P2. Heat released = mcθ
= 500 x 4.2 x 60 // 126000 J // 126 kJ
P3. 0.05 mol of butanol burnt completely to release 126000 J
1 mol of butanol released
P4. [value is correct]
2520 kJ
P5. [Negative sign with correct unit]
∆H = - 2520 kJ mol-1
ecf: P3 & P5
ii P1. Some heat is lost to the surrounding//heat is absorbed by 2
the apparatus/ tripod stand/ windshield/copper can
P2. Butanol undergoes incomplete combustion // does not
undergo complete combustion
P1 : Haba terbebas ke persekitaran// haba diserap oleh alat

radas/ tungku kaki tiga/pengadang angin/ tin kuprum
P2 : Butanol mengalami pembakaran tidak lengkap
iii P1. Butanol//Propanol 3
P2. Correct structural formula of any isomers

P3. Name based on isomer in P2
Sample answer :

4541
b P1. Named metal V 10
P2. Measure [25.0 – 50.0] cm3 of [0.1-1.0]mol dm-3

copper(II) sulphate solution
P3. Pour the solution into a plastic/ polystyrene cup
P4. Record the initial temperature of the solution
P5. Add quickly excess/ 1 spatula of metal V powder into

copper(II) sulphate solution
P6. Stir the mixture
P7. Record the highest/maximum temperature reached
P8. Data:
Initial temperature of copper (II) sulphate solution = T1 oC
Highest temperature = T2 oC
P9. Heat given out = 25 x 4.2 (T2 – T1) = X J
P10. Number of mole of copper(II) sulphate = = Y mol
P11. ∆H = - X/Y
= - Z kJmol-1

4541
TOTAL MARKS 20

4541
SKEMA KERTAS 3 : Thermochemistry / Termokimia
SOALAN STRUKTUR
SOALAN 1
1 a [Able to record all the temperature readings accurately with one 3

decimal place]
Answer:
Set Initial temperature / °C Highest
Temperature/
Acid Alkali °C
I 27.0 27.0 40.0
II 27.0 27.0 39.0
[Able to record any 4 temperature reading accurately // 2
All readings correctly but with two decimal places/without decimal

place]
[Able to record any 2 temperature reading correctly] 1

4541
1 b [Able to calculate the heat release and heat of neutralization for Set 3
I and Set II correctly and completely]
Set I Set II
Heat release (100) x 4.2 x 13 (100) x 4.2 x 12

= mcƟ = 5460 J = 5040 J
Heat of neutralization/ 5460 / 0.1 = 5040 / 0.1 = 50.4

kJmol-1 54.6
[Able to calculate the heat release AND heat of neutralization for set 2
I OR set II correctly]
[Able to calculate the heat release OR heat of neutralization for set I 1

OR set II correctly]
1 c [Able to state all the variables correctly] 3

Sample answer:
Manipulated variable : hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid //
strength of acids//strong and weak acid
Responding variable : heat of neutralization // temperature increase
Constant variable : volume and concentration of acid // volume and

concentration of sodium hydroxide solution // polystyrene cup
[Able to state any two variables correctly] 2
[Able to state any one variable correctly] 1

4541
1 d [Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and 3

the responding variable and state the direction correctly]
Sample answer:
Reaction of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution
produce higher heat of neutralization than reaction of ethanoic acid
and sodium hydroxide solution //
produce higher heat of neutralization while reaction of ethanoic acid
and sodium hydroxide solution produce lower heat of neutralization
a: RV :Temperature increase
[Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and 2

the responding variable less correctly]
Sample answer:
Heat of neutralization of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide
solution is higher than heat of neutralization of ethanoic acid and
sodium hydroxide solution //
produce higher heat of neutralization //
Reaction of ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide solution produce

lower heat of neutralization

Sample answer:
Reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution

produce more heat

4541
1 e [Able to state the correct operational definition of heat of 3
neutralization based on the following aspects:
(i) What should be done
(ii) What should be observed]
Sample answer:
The heat released that cause temperature to rise when 1 mole of
water formed//
Temperature rises when 1 mole of water is formed due to the heat

released
[Able to give the operational definition almost accurately] 2

Sample answer:
The heat released that cause temperature to rise //
Acid react with alkali released heat
[Able to state an idea of operational definition] 1

Sample answer:
Heat released // temperature rise
1 f [Able to state the relationship between manipulated variable and 3

responding variable correctly]
Sample answer:
Reaction of hydrochloric acid/strong acid with sodium hydroxide

solution produce higher heat of neutralization AND reaction of
ethanoic acid/weak acid with sodium hydroxide solution produce
lower heat of neutralization

4541
[Able to state the relationship between manipulated variable and 2
responding variable but in the opposite direction]
Sample answer:
Reaction of hydrochloric acid/strong acid with sodium hydroxide
solution produce higher heat of neutralization //
Reaction of ethanoic acid/weak acid with sodium hydroxide solution
produce lower heat of neutralization//
Hydrochloric acid produce higher heat of neutralization AND

ethanoic acid produce lower heat of neutralization
[Able to state an idea of the hypothesis] 1

Sample answer:
Different acid produce different heat // Type of acid affect the heat
of neutralization
TOTAL MARKS 18
SOALAN 2
Question Rubrics Mark

s s

4541
2 a [Able to record initial temperature, highest temperature and 3
temperature change with one decimal place dan unit correctly]
[Dapat mencatat suhu awal, suhu tertinggi dan perubahan suhu
dengan satu titik perpuluhan dan berunit dengan betul]
Answer / Jawapan:
Eksperimen I
Initial temperature : 30.0 oC, 30.0 oC
Highest temperature : 34.0 oC
Suhu awal : 30.0 oC, 30.0 oC
Suhu tertinggi : 34.0 oC
Eksperimen II
Initial temperature : 30.0 oC, 30.0 oC
Highest temperature : 39.0 oC
Suhu awal : 30.0 oC, 30.0 oC
Suhu tertinggi : 39.0 oC
[Able to record all temperature reading without decimal place or unit 2

correctly //
Able to record at least five temperature reading correctly]
[Dapat mencatat semua bacaan tanpa titik perpuluhan atau unit
dengan betul //
Dapat mencatat mana-mana lima bacaan suhu dengan betul]
[Able to record at least three temperature reading] 1
[Dapat mencatat mana-mana tiga bacaan suhu ]
[Tiada respons atau respons salah]

4541
2 b [Able to state all variables and the action to be taken correctly] 6
[Dapat menyatakan semua pemboleh ubah dan tindakan yang perlu
diambil dengan betul]
Sample answer:
Manipulated variable: Method to manipulate the
Pembolehubah variable:
dimanipulasikan: Kaedah untuk memanipulasikan
pembolehubah:
Concentration of solution Replace concentration 0.5 mol
Kepekatan larutan dm-3 with 1.0 mol dm-3solution
Menggantikan larutan kepekatan
0.5 mol dm-3 dengan 1.0 mol dm-3
Responding variable: How the variable is responding:

Pembolehubah bergerak Bagaimana pembolehubah itu
balas: bergerakbalas:
Temperature change increase
Temperature change // when the concentration of solution
Heat released increase.//
Perubahan suhu // Heat released increase.
Haba dibebaskan Perubahan suhu bertambah
apabila kepekatan larutan
bertambah //
Haba dibebaskan bertambah
Fixed variable: Method to maintain the fixed

Pembolehubah dimalarkan: variable:
Type of container // Kaedah menetapkan
Surrounding temperature pembolehubah:
Jenis bekas // Using same type of container //
Suhu persekitaran Using same temperature
Gunakan jenis bekas yang sama //
Gunakan suhu yang sama
[Able to state all variables and at least two action to be taken 5

correctly]
[Dapat menyatakan semua pemboleh ubah dan sekurang-kurangnya

dua tindakan yang perlu diambil yang sepadan dengan betul]

4541
[Able to state at least two variables and at least two action to be 4
taken correctly]
[Dapat menyatakan sekurang-kurangnya dua pemboleh ubah dan

sekurang-kurangnya dua tindakan yang perlu diambil yang sepadan
dengan betul]
[Able to state at least two variables and at least one action to be 3

taken correctly]
[Dapat menyatakan sekurang-kurangnya dua pemboleh ubah dan

sekurang-kurangnya satu tindakan yang perlu diambil yang sepadan
dengan betul]
[Able to state at least one variables and at least one action to be 2

taken correctly]
[Dapat menyatakan sekurang-kurangnya satu pemboleh ubah dan

sekurang-kurangnya satu tindakan yang perlu diambil yang sepadan
dengan betul]
[Able to state at least one variables correctly] 1
[Dapat menyatakan sekurang-kurangnya satu pemboleh ubah dengan

betul]
2 c [Able to state the relationship between manipulated variable and 3

responding variable with direction correctly]
[Dapat menyatakan hubungan di antara pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi
dengan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas dengan arah dengan betul]
Sample answer / Contoh jawapan :
When the higher concentration of lead(II) nitrat solution with sodium
sulphate solution, the higher (heat released) / (temperature change)
Apabila semakin tinggi kepekatan larutan plumbum(II) nitrat dengan
natrium sulfat semakin tinggi (haba dibebaskan) / (perubahan suhu) .

4541
[Able to state the relationship between manipulated variable dan 2
responding variable without direction]
[Dapat menyatakan hubungan di antara pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi
dengan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas tanpa arah]
Sample answer :
Concentration of solution affect (heat released) / temperature change)
(heat released) / (temperature change) increases / higher / lower /
same when concentration of lead (II) nitrate solution with sodium
sulphate solution increases.
Kepekatan larutan mempengaruhi (haba dibebaskan) / (perubahan
suhu)
(haba dibebaskan) / (perubahan suhu) meningkat / (lebih tinggi) /
(lebih rendah) / (sama) apabila kepekatan larutan plumbum(II) nitrat
dengan natrium sulfat meningkat

[Dapat menyatakan idea bagi hipotesis]
Sample answer :
(heat release) / (temperature change) differ
(haba dibebaskan) / (perubahan suhu) berbeza

2 d [Able to state all observation and all corresponding inference 6

correctly]
[Dapat menyatakan tiga pemerhatian dan tiga inferens yang sepadan
dengan betul]
Sample answer:
Cup become hot Heat released //

Cawan menjadi panas Exothermic reaction
Haba dibebas //
Tindak balas eksotermik

4541
White precipitation Lead(II sulphate solution formed //

Mendakan putih Insoluble salt formed
Plumbum sulfat terhasil //
garam tak larut terhasil
Colourless solution Sodium nitrate solution formed

Larutan tidak berwarna Larutan natrium nitrat terbentuk
[Able to state all observation and two corresponding inference 5

correctly]
[Dapat menyatakan tiga pemerhatian dan dua inferens yang sepadan
dengan betul]
[Able to state two observation and two corresponding inference 4

correctly]
[Dapat menyatakan dua pemerhatian dan dua inferens yang sepadan
dengan betul]
[Able to state two observation and one corresponding inference 3

correctly]
[Dapat menyatakan dua pemerhatian dan satu inferens yang sepadan
dengan betul]
[Able to state one observation and one corresponding inference 2

correctly]
[Dapat menyatakan satu pemerhatian dan satu inferens yang sepadan
dengan betul]
[Able to state one observation correctly 1

[Dapat menyatakan satu pemerhatian dengan betul]


4541
2 e [Able to calculate heat of precipitation by shows three step 3
calculation with unit correctly]
[Dapat mengira haba pemendakan dengan menunjukkan tiga langkah
pengiraan dengan unit yang betul]
Answer:
Step 1 :
Heat change = 50 x 4.2 x 4.5
= 945 J
Step 2:
Number of mole of Pb(NO3) = (0.5 x 25) / 1000
= 0.0125 mol
Step 3 :
Heat of precipitation = 945J / 0.0125 mol = - 75.6 kJmol-1
[Able to calculate heat of precipitation by shows two calculation 2

correctly]
[Dapat mengira haba pemendakan dengan menunjukkan dua langkah
pengiraan yang betul]
[Able to calculate heat of precipitation by shows one calculation 1

correctly]
[Dapat mengira haba pemendakan dengan menunjukkan satu
langkah pengiraan yang betul]


4541
2 f [Able to give operational definition for heat of precipitation of 3
lead(II) sulphate in this experiment with the following aspect
correctly]
[Dapat memberikan definisi secara operasi yang betul bagi haba
pemendakan plumbum(II) sulfat dalam eksperimen ini dengan
aspek-aspek berikut dengan betul]
What should be done : 1 mol of lead(II) sulphate precipitated from

reaction between lead(II) nitrat solution and sodium sulphate
What should be observed : temperature increases

Apa yang dibuat : 1 mol plumbum(II) sulfat termendak dari
tindakbalas antara larutan plumbum(II) nitrat dan larutan natrium
sulfat
Apa yang diperhatikan : suhu meningkat
Sample answer:
temperature increases when 1 mol of lead(II) sulphate precipitated
from reaction between lead(II) nitrat solution and sodium sulphate
solution
suhu meningkat apabila 1 mol plumbum(II) sulfat termendak dari
tindakbalas antara larutan plumbum(II) nitrat dan larutan natrium
sulfat
[Able to give operational definition for heat of precipitation of 2

lead(II) sulphate in this experiment with the following aspect less
correctly]
[Dapat memberikan definisi secara operasi yang betul bagi haba
pemendakan plumbum(II) sulfat dalam eksperimen ini dengan
aspek-aspek berikut dengan kurang betul]
What should be done : 1 mol of lead(II) sulphate precipitated
What should be observed : temperature increases
Apa yang dibuat : 1 mol plumbum(II) sulfat termendak
Apa yang diperhatikan : suhu meningkat
Sample answer:
Temperature increases when 1 mol of lead(II) sulphate precipitated
Heat change increases when 1 mol of lead(II) sulphate precipitated
Suhu meningkat apabila 1 mol plumbum(II) sulfat termendak
Haba dibebaskan meningkat apabila 1 mol plumbum(II) sulfat
termendak

4541
[Able to give the idea of operational definition] 1
[Memberikan idea definisi secara operasi]
Sampel answer :
Temperature increases
Suhu meningkat

2 g [Able to state the different of temperature change in Experiment I and 3

II with reason correctly]
[Dapat menyatakan perbezaan perubahan suhu Eksperimen I dan
Eksperimen II dan alasan yang betul]
Sample answer:
Temperature change in experiment II is higer than experiment I
Perubahan suhu Eksperimen II lebih tinggi daripada Eksperimen I
Reason :
Concentration of lead(II) ion and sulphate ion in experiment II is
higher //
Number of mol of lead(II) sulphate formed in experiment II is higher
Kepekatan ion plumbum(II) dan ion sulfat di dalam Eksperimen II
lebih tinggi //
Bilangan mol plumbum(II) sulfat yang terhasil dalam Eksperimen II
lebih tinggi.
[Able to compare temperature change in experiment I or II and give a 2

reason correctly]
[Dapat membandingkan perubahan suhu Eksperimen I ATAU II dan
alasan yang betul]
Contoh jawapan:
Temperature change in experiment II is higher //
Perubahan suhu Eksperimen II lebih tinggi //
Reason :
Concentration lead(II) ion and sulphate ion in experiment II is higher
//
Kepekatan ion plumbum(II) dan ion sulfat di dalam Eksperimen II
lebih tinggi //

4541
[Able to state the idea for difference in temperature change in 1
experiment I and II or idea for the reason correctly]
[Dapat menyatakan idea bagi perbezaan perubahan suhu dalam
Eksperimen I dan II atau idea bagi alasan yang betul]
Contoh jawapan :
The difference temperature change in experiment I and II is 4.5oC
Perbezaan suhu Eksperimen I tinggi dan Eksperimen II adalah 4.5oC
Alasan:
Concentration of solution in experiment I is 0.5 whereas experiment
II is 1.0
Kepekatan larutan Eksperimen I ialah 0.5 manakala Eksperimen II
1.0

2 h [Able to predict the temperature correctly] 3

[Dapat meramal suhu dengan betul]
Answer : 4.5oC
[Able to predict temperature in range 4.3 < X < 4.7] 2

[Dapat meramal suhu pada julat 4.3 < X < 4.7 ]
[Able to predict temperature in range 4.1 - 4.3 or 4.7 - 4.9] 1

[Dapat meramal suhu pada julat 4.1 – 4.3 atau 4.7- 4.9]


4541
2 i [Able to classify all ions in lead(II) nitrate solution and sodium 3
sulphate solution into cation and anion]
[Dapat mengelaskan semua ion dalam larutan plumbum(II) nitrat dan
larutan natrium sulfat kepada kation dan anion]
Sample answer :
Cation Anion
Kation Anion
Lead (II) ion / Ion Nitrate ion / Ion Nitrat

Plumbum(II) Sulphate ion / Ion Sulfat
Sodium ion / Ion Natrium Hydroxide ion / Ion
Hydrogen ion / Ion Hidroksida
Hidrogen
* accept if using correct formula
terima jika guna formula ion yang betul
[Able to classify four ions in lead(II) nitrate solution and sodium 2

[Dapat mengelaskan empat ion dalam larutan plumbum(II) nitrat dan
[Able to classify two ions in lead(II) nitrate solution and sodium 1

[Dapat mengelaskan dua ion dalam larutan plumbum(II) nitrat dan

TOTAL MARKS 27
SOALAN 3
a) [Able to state all variables correctly]

Answer:
i) manipulated variable: type of alcohol // methanol, ethanol and 1
propanol

4541
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi : jenis alkohol // metanol, etanol dan
propanol 1
Responding variable: Heat of combustion
ii)
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas : Haba pembakaran
1
Fixed variable: Volume of water
iii) Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan : isipadu air
[Able to state any two variables correctly] 2
[Able to state any one variables correctly] 1
b) [Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and

the responding variable and state the direction correctly]
Sample Answer:
The bigger the size of alcohol molecule / the higher the number of
carbon atoms per alcohol molecule, the higher the heat of
combustion. 3
Semakin besar saiz molekul alkohol/ semakin banyak bilangan atom
karbon per molekul alkohol, semakin tinggi haba pembakaran
[Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and

the responding variable less correctly]
Sample Answer:
The size of alcohol molecule / the number of carbon atoms per 2
alcohol molecule affects the heat of combustion.
Saiz molekul alkohol/ bilangan atom karbon per molekul alkohol
mempengaruhi haba pembakaran
Sample Answer:
Heat of combustion is different for different alcohol

Haba pembakaran berbeza bagi alkohol yang berbeza
c) i) [Able to calculate heat released correctly]
Answer:
H = 100 x 4.2 x 25
1

4541
= 10 500 J
ii) [Able to calculate number of moles correctly] 1

Answer:
n = 1.6 g = 0.05 moles
32
iii) [Able to calculate heat of combustion correctly]
Answer:
ΔH = 10 500 J
0.05mol
1
-1 -1
ΔH = -210 000 J mol = - 210 kJ mol
d) [Able to draw the energy level diagram correctly]
1. Axis 1
Paksi
2. Correct reactants and products 1
Bahan danhasil tindak balas yang betul
3. Correct ΔH 1
ΔH yang betul
Answer:
e) [Able to predict heat of combustion correctly with negative sign and

unit]
3
Answer:
ΔH = -420 000 J mol-1 = - 420 kJ mol-1
[Able to predict heat of combustion correctly with unit] 2
Answer:

4541
ΔH = 420 000 J mol-1 = 420 kJ mol-1
[Able to predict heat of combustion correctly] 1
Answer:
ΔH = 420 000 = 420
TOTAL MARKS 15

4541
SOALAN 1
Rubrics Marks
a [Able to state problem statement with named alcohols correctly] 3
Sample answer:
Do methanol and ethanol have different heat of combustion?
Adakah metanol dan etanol mempunyai haba pembakaran yang berbeza?
[Able to state the problem statement less accurately]
Sample answer:
Do alcohols have different heat of combustion? 2
Adakah alkohol mempunyai haba pembakaran yang berbeza?

[Able to state an idea about problem statement]
Sample answer:
Different alcohols affect heat of combustion 1
Alkohol berbeza mempengaruhi haba pembakaran
[No response given or wrong response]
b) [Able to state all variables correctly]

Answer:
i) manipulated variable: type of alcohol // methanol and ethanol 1
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi : jenis alkohol // metanol dan etanol
Responding variable: Heat of combustion 1
ii) Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas : haba pembakaran
Fixed variable: Volume of water 1
iii)
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan : isipadu air
[Able to state two variables correctly] 2
[Able to state one variable correctly] 1
c) [Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the
responding variable and state the direction correctly]
3
Sample Answer:
The bigger the size of alcohol molecule / the higher the number of carbon
atoms per alcohol molecule, the higher the heat of combustion.
Semakin besar saiz molekul alkohol/ semakin banyak bil atom karbon per
molekul alkohol, semakin tinggi haba pembakaran.

4541
[Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the
responding variable without stating the direction/ less accurately]
Sample Answer:
The size of alcohol molecule / the number of carbon atoms per alcohol 2
molecule affects the heat of combustion.
Saiz molekul alkohol/ bilangan atom karbon per molekul alkohol
mempengaruhi haba pembakaran
[Able to state the idea of hypothesis]
Sample Answer:
1
Heat of combustion is different for different alcohol
Haba pembakaran berbeza bagi alkohol yang berbeza
d) [Able to state all apparatus and materials completely]
3
Sample Answer:
Apparatus: Spirit lamp, thermometer, measuring cylinder,tripod stand, clay

pipe triangle, wind shield, copper can
Radas: Lampu spirit, termometer, silinder penyukat, tungku kaki tiga,
segitiga tanah liat, pengadang angin, tin kuprum
Materials: Methanol, Ethanol, water

Bahan: Metanol, etanol, air
[Able to give the list of the apparatus and materials correctly but not
complete]
Sample answer:
Apparatus: thermometer, spirit lamp,copper can 2

Radas: termometer, lampu spirit, tin kuprum
Materials: Methanol, Ethanol

Bahan: Metanol, etanol
[Able to give an idea on the list of the apparatus and substances correctly]
Any one materials and one apparatus with thermometer 1
reject : no thermometer 0

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e) [Able to write all steps accurately]
Answer:
Procedure:
1. 100 cm3 of water is measured with a measuring cylinder and poured
into a copper can which is placed on top of a tripod stand. A wind
shield is placed surrounding the tripod stand.
100 cm3 air disukat dengan silinder penyukat dan dituang ke dalam
tin kuprum dan diletakkan di atas tungku kaki tiga. Pengadang
angin diletakkan di sekeliling tungku kaki tiga.
2. Record the initial temperature using a thermometer.
Rekodkan suhu awal dengan termometer.
3. The methanol spirit lamp is weighed and placed under the copper
can and lighted.
Lampu spirit metanol ditimbang dan diletakkan di bawak tin
kumprum dan dinyalakan.
4. The water in the copper can is stirred with a thermometer.
Air di dalam tin kuprum dikacau dengan termometer.
5. When the temperature of the water increases by 30°C, the flame is
distinguished and the highest temperature is recorded.
Apabila suhu air meningkat sebanyak 30°C, nyalaan api
dipadamkan dan suhu tertinggi direkod.
6. The spirit lamp is then weighed again.
Lampu spirit kemudiannya ditimbang sekali lagi.
7. The experiment is repeated using an ethanol spirit lamp. 3
Eksperimen diulang dengan menggunakan lampu spirit etanol.
[Able to state 5 steps of the experiment]
Steps 1,2,4,5 and 6. 2
[Able to state 2 minimum steps correctly]

1
Steps 1, 5
f) [Able to construct the table that contains the following information]

1. Columns and rows
2. Headings in the table
3. With unit
Answer:
Type of alcohol Methanol Ethanol

Jenis alkohol Metanol Etanol
Initial mass of lamp (g)

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Jisim awal lampu (g)

2
Final mass of lamp (g)
Jisim akhir lampu (g)
Mass of alcohol used (g)

Jisim alkohol yang digunakan
(g)
Initial temperature (°C)

Suhu awal (°C)
Final temperature (°C)

Suhu akhir (°C)
Change in temperature, θ (°C)

Perubahan suhu, θ (°C)
[Able to construct the table that contains the following information

1. Columns and rows
3. Without unit
// Able to state an idea about the tabulation of data]
Tabulation of data has the following elements :
1. minimum 2 columns and 2 rows
Sample answer:
Type of alcohol Methanol Ethanol

Jenis alkohol Metanol Etanol
Initial mass of lamp

Jisim awal lampu 1
Final mass of lamp
Jisim akhir lampu
Mass of alcohol used

Jisim alkohol yang
digunakan
Change in
temperature, θ
Perubahan suhu, θ

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TOTAL MARKS 17
SOALAN 2
Rubrics Marks
a) [Able to state problem statement with named acid and alkali correctly]
Answer:
Is the heat of neutralisation of a ethanoic acid with sodium hydroxide lower 3
than heat of neutralisation between hydrochloric acid and sodium
hydroxide?
Adakah haba peneutralan antara asid etanoik dengan natrium hidroksida
kurang daripada haba peneutralan antara asid hidroklorik dengan natrium
hidroksida?
[Able to state the problem statement less accurately]
Sample answer:
Is the heat of neutralisation of a weak acid with strong alkali lower than heat
2
of neutralisation between strong acid and weak alkali?
Adakah haba peneutralan antara asid lemah dengan alkali kuat kurang
daripada haba peneutralan antara asid kuat dengan alkali kuat?
[Able to state an idea about problem statement]

Sample answer :
Heat of neutralisation is affected by the strength of acid. 1
Haba peneutralan dipengaruhi oleh kekuatan asid.
b) [Able to state all variables correctly]

1
i) manipulated variable: Hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid // strong acid and
ii) weak acid
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi : jenis asid // asid kuat dan asid lemah 1
Responding variable: Heat of neutralization
iii) Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas : haba peneutralan 1
Fixed variable: Volume and concentration of acid // type of alkali
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan : isipadu dan kepekatan asid // jenis alkali
[Able to state two variables correctly] 2
[Able to state one variables correctly] 1
c) [Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the

4541
3
Sample Answer:
The heat of neutralisation of ethanoic acid with sodium hydroxide is lower
than the heat of neutralisation between hydrochloric acid and sodium
hydroxide.
Haba peneutralan antara asid etanoik dengan natrium hidroksida adalah
lebih rendah daripada haba peneutralan antara asid hidroklorik dengan
natrium hidroksida.
[Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the
Sample Answer:
Different strength of acid react with sodium hydroxide, different value of 2
heat of neutralization.
Kekuatan asid yang berbeza bertindak balas dengan natrium hidroksida,
berbeza nilai haba peneutralan.
[Able to state the idea of hypothesis]
Sample answer:
Heat of neutralization is affected by type of acid. 1
Haba peneutralan dipengaruhi oleh jenis asid.
d) [Able to state all apparatus and materials completely.]
Apparatus: Polystyrene cup, thermometer, measuring cylinder 3

Radas: Cawan polistirena, termometer, silinder penyukat
Materials: Hydrochloric acid 2 mol dm-3, sodium hydroxide 2 mol dm-3,

ethanoic acid 2 mol dm-3
Bahan: Asid hidroklorik 2 mol dm-3, natrium hidroksida 2 mol dm-3, asid
etanoik 2 mol dm-3
[Able to give the list of the apparatus and materials correctly but not
complete]
Sample answer :
Materials: sodium hydroxide solution, hydrochloric acid / ethanoic acid

2
Bahan: larutan natrium hidroksida, asid hidroklorik / asid etanoik

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Apparatus: Polystyrene cup, thermometer
Radas: Cawan polistirena , termometer
[Able to give an idea on the list of the apparatus and substances correctly]
Any one materials and one apparatus with thermometer 1

0
reject : no thermometer
e) [Able to write all steps accurately]
Sample Answer:
Procedure:
1. 50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid 2 mol dm-3 is measured with a
measuring cylinder and poured into a polystyrene cup.
50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 2 mol dm-3 disukat dengan silinder
penyukat dan dituang ke dalam cawan polistirena.
2. The initial temperature is measured with a thermometer after a few
minutes and recorded.
Suhu awal disukat dengan termometer selepas beberapa minit dan
direkod.
3. 50 cm3 of sodium hydroxide 2mol dm-3 is measured using a clean
measuring cylinder and poured into the polystyrene cup.
50 cm3 natrium hidroksida 2 mol dm-3 disukat dengan silinder
penyukat dan dituang ke dalam cawan polistirena.
4. The temperature is measured with a thermometer after a few minutes
and recorded.
Suhu disukat dengan termometer selepas beberapa minit dan
direkod.
5. The hydrochloric acid is quickly poured into the polystyrene cup
containing sodium hydroxide.
Asid hidroklorik dituang dengan cepat ke dalam cawan polistirena
yang mengandungi natrium hidroksida.
6. The mixture is stirred with a thermometer, and the highest
temperature achieved is recorded.
Campuran itu dikacau dengan termometer, dan suhu tertinggi
tercapai direkodkan,
7. The experiment is repeated by replacing hydrochloric acid with 3
ethanoic acid of the same concentration.
Eksperimen ini diulang dengan menggantikan asid hidroklorik
dengan asid etanoik dengan kepekatan yang sama.
2
Steps 2, 4, 5, 6, 7

4541
Steps 2, 4, 5, 6, 7
1
[Able to construct the table that contains the following information]

1. Columns and rows
3. With unit
Answer:
Type of acid Hydrochloric acid Ethanoic acid 2

Jenis asid Asid hidroklorik Asid etanoik
Initial temperature of sodium

hydroxide (°C)
Suhu awal natrium hidroksida
(°C)
Initial temperature of acid (°C)

Suhu awal asid (°C)
Average temperature of acid

and alkali (°C)
Purata suhu asid dan alkali
(°C)
Highest temperature of the

mixture (°C)
Suhu tertinggi campuran (°C)
Increase in temperature,θ (°C)

Kenaikan suhu, θ (°C)
[Able to construct the table that contains the following information]

1. Columns and rows
3. Without unit
Sample answer :
Pair of Initial temperature Highest 1
acid/alkali temperature

4541
Acid Alkali of the mixture
TOTAL MARKS 17
SOALAN 2
Rubrics Marks
a [Able to state the problem statement with the named strong acid 3
solution and weak acid solution accurately]
Sample answer :
Does the heat of neutralisation between hydrochloric acid and sodium

hydroxide solution is higher than the heat of neutralisation between
ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide solution?
Adakah haba peneutralan tindak balas asid hidroklorik dan natrium

hidroksida lebih tinggi daripada haba peneutralan tindak balas antara
asid etanoik dan natrium hidroksida?
[Able to state the problem statement less accurately] 2

Sample answer :
Does the heat of neutralization between strong acid and weak acid with
strong alkali different? //To study the heat of neutralization between
strong and weak acid with strong alkali.
Adakah haba peneutralan yang terhasil bagi tindak balas antara asid kuat
dan asid lemah dengan alkali kuat berbeza? //
Untuk mengkaji haba peneutralan yang terhasil bagi tindak balas antara
asid kuat dan asid lemah dengan alkali kuat

4541
[Able to state an idea about problem statement] 1
Sample answer :
Heat of neutralisation is affected by the strength of acid.
Haba peneutralan dipengaruhi oleh kekuatan asid.
b [Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the 3
Sample answer :
The reaction between hydrochloric acid/strong acid and sodium

hydroxide will give the higher value of heat of neutralization than the
reaction between ethanoic acid/weak acid with sodium hydroxide.
Tindak balas antara asid hidroklorik / asid kuat dengan natrium

hidroksida akan memberi nilai haba peneutralan yang lebih tinggi
berbanding tindak balas antara asid etanoik/ asid lemah dengan natrium
hidroksida.
[Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the 2
Sample answer
Different strength of acid react with sodium hydroxide, different value

of heat of neutralization.
Kekuatan asid yang berbeza yang bertindak balas dengan natrium

hidroksida menghasilkan nilai haba peneutralan yang berbeza.
[Able to give an idea of hypothesis] 1

Sample answer:
The strength of acid affect the heat of neutralization
Kekuatan asid mempengaruhi nilai haba peneutralan

4541
c [Able to state all the variables accurately] 3

Sample answer :
Manipulated variable: Hydrochloric Acid and Ethanoic Acid (any
suitable named strong and weak acid) // Strong acid and weak acid
Responding variable : Heat of neutralisation
Fixed variable : Concentration and volume of NaOH solution//NaOH

solution // polystyrene cup // Concentration and volume of acid solution
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan: Asid hidroklorik dan asid etanoik // asid

kuat dan asid lemah
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas : Haba peneutralan
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan: Kepekatan dan isipadu larutan NaOH//

cawan polistirena// kepekatan dan isipadu larutan asid
[Able to give any two variables accurately] 2
[Able to give any one variable accurately] 1

4541
d [Able to list down the materials and apparatus completely] 3
Sample answer :
Materials : [0.5-2.0 mol dm-3 ] sodium hydroxide solution, [0.5-2.0 mol
dm-3 ] hydrochloric acid, [0.5-2.0 mol dm-3 ] ethanoic acid (any suitable
strong and weak named acid),
Apparatus :Polystyrene/plastic cup, thermometer, [50-100cm3]

measuring cylinder
Bahan : [0.5-2.0 mol dm-3 ] larutan natrium hidroksida, [0.5-2.0 mol dm-3 ]
asid hidroklorik, [0.5-2.0 mol dm-3 ] asid etanoik
Alat radas: Cawan polistirena/ cawan plastik,termometer, [50-100cm3]

silinder penyukat
[Able to give the list of the apparatus and materials correctly but not 2
complete]
Sample answer :
sodium hydroxide solution, hydrochloric acid / ethanoic acid,
Polystyrene/plastic cup, thermometer
Larutan natrium hidroksida, asid hidroklorik/ asid etanoik, cawan

polistirena / cawan plastic, termometer
[Able to give an idea on the list of the apparatus and substances correctly] 1
Any one materials and one apparatus with thermometer
Mana-mana satu bahan dan radas dengan termometer
reject : no thermometer

4541
e [Able to state all the steps of the experiment accurately] 3

Example
1. [25-100 cm3] of sodium hydroxide solution is poured into a
polystyrene cup using a measuring cylinder.
2. The initial temperature of sodium hydroxide solution is recorded.
3. [25-100 cm3] of hydrochloric acid is measured into another
polystyrene cup.
4. The initial temperature of hydrochloric acid is recorded.
5. Hydrochloric acid is then poured quickly into a cup containing
sodium hydroxide solution.
6. The mixture is stirred using thermometer and the highest
temperature is recorded.
7. Repeat steps 1 to 6 using ethanoic acid instead of hydrochloric acid.
1. [25-100 cm3] larutan natrium hidroksida di sukat dengan silinder

penyukat dan di tuang ke dalam cawan polistirena.
2. Suhu awal larutan natrium hidroksida dicatatkan.
3. [25-100 cm3] larutan asid hidroklorik di sukat dengan silinder

penyukat dan di tuang ke dalam cawan polistirena.
4. Suhu awal larutan asid hidroklorik dicatatkan.
5. Asid hidroklorik dituang dengan cepat dan cermat ke dalam larutan

natrium hidroksida.
6. Campuran tindak balas dikacau dengan termometer dan suhu

tertinggi direkodkan.
7. Langkah 1-6 diulang dengan menggunkan asid etanoik untuk

menggantikan asid hidroklorik.
[Able to state 5 steps of the experiment] 2
Steps 2, 4, 5, 6, 7

4541
[Able to state 2 minimum steps correctly] 1
Steps 5, 6
f [Able to construt the table that contains the following information] 2

1. Columns and rows
3. With unit
Sample answer:
Pair of acid/alkali Initial temperature/ °C Highest
temperature
Acid Alkali Average of the
mixture/°C
NaOH/HCl
NaOH/CH3COO
H

4541
[Able to construt the table that contains the following information 1
1. Columns and rows
3. Without unit
Sample answer :
Pair of Initial temperature Highest
acid/alkali temperature
Acid Alkali of the mixture
//
TOTAL MARKS 17

Set 9
Chemical for Consumers

Bahan Kimia Untuk
Pengguna
4541
TAJUK: BAHAN KIMIA UNTUK PENGGUNA
Section A
Bahagian A
1. Diagram 1 shows the label of ingredients on a bottle of pineapple jam.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan label ramuan pada sebotol jem nanas.
(a) State one suitable food colouring to be used in the pineapple jam.
Nyatakan satu pewarna makanan yang sesuai digunakan dalam jem nanas.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(b) State two purposes of adding sugar in the pineapple jam.

Nyatakan dua tujuan menambahkan gula dalam jem nanas.
_____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
(c) What is the function of sodium sulphite in the pineapple jam?

Apakah fungsi natrium sulfit dalam jem nanas?
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]

4541
(d)(i) State two reasons why citric acid is added into the pineapple jam.
Nyatakan dua sebab mengapa asid sitrik ditambahkan ke dalam jem nanas.
_____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]

(ii) State another food additive that can be used to replace citric acid.
Nyatakan bahan tambah makanan yang lain yang boleh digunakan untuk
menggantikan asid sitrik.
____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(e) During the manufacturing of the pineapple jam, ethyl butanoate is added.
Semasa pembuatan jem nanas, etil butanoat ditambahkan.
(i) State the functional group of ethyl butanoate.
Nyatakan kumpulan berfungsi bagi etil butanoat.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(ii) State two chemicals that can be used to prepare ethyl butanoate in the school
laboratory.
Nyatakan dua bahan kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk menyediakan etil butanoat di
dalam makmal sekolah.
_____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
(f) Suggest another food additive that can replace sugar so that the pineapple jam will be
suitable for the consumption of a diabetic patient.
Cadangkan satu bahan tambah makanan yang lain yang dapat menggantikan gula
dalam jem nanas supaya jem ini sesuai diambil oleh pesakit diabetes.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]

4541
2(a) Diagram 2 shows an aloe vera plant. Aloe vera plant can be used as a traditional
medicine.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan pokok lidah buaya. Pokok lidah buaya boleh digunakan sebagai
ubat tradisional.
(i) Which of the parts K, L, M or N is used as the main source of medicine?

Antara bahagian K, L, M dan N, yang manakah digunakan sebagai sumber
utama ubat?
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(ii) What type of disease can be cured by using aloe vera?

Apakah jenis penyakit yang dapat diubati dengan menggunakan lidah buaya?
_______________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(iii) How is aloe vera used to treat the disease in (a)(ii)?
Bagaimanakah lidah buaya digunakan mengubati penyakit di (a)(ii)?
_______________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]

4541
(b) Table 2 shows three types of medicine.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan tiga jenis ubat.
(i) Complete Table 2 to show the functions of the types of medicine given.
Lengkapkan Jadual 2 untuk menunjukkan fungsi ubat yang diberikan.
[3 marks/markah]
(ii) What is the side effect of analgesic medicine such as aspirin if it is used by a child
below 2 years old?
Apakah kesan sampingan ubat analgesik, seperti aspirin, jika digunakan oleh seorang
kanak-kanak yang berumur 2 tahun ke bawah?
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(iii) Why must patients complete the course of antibiotics prescribed by the doctor?
Mengapakah pesakit perlu menghabiskan antibiotik yang dipreskripsikan oleh
doktor?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(iv) Barbiturate is an example of psychotherapeutic medicine. State the function of

barbiturate.
Barbiturat ialah satu contoh ubat psikoterapeutik. Nyatakan fungsi barbiturat.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]

4541
3 The equation below shows the preparation of soap in the laboratory.
Persamaan di bawah menunjukkan penyediaan sabun di dalam makmal.
(a)(i) State the name of the process.

Nyatakan nama proses itu.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(ii) What is the name of substance Z?

Apakah nama bahan Z?
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(iii) Explain why sodium chloride solid is added to the mixture.

Jelaskan mengapa pepejal natrium klorida ditambahkan kepada campuran.
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(b) Two cleaning agents, P and Q, are used to wash clothes in well water and pipe water.
Table 3 shows the results obtained.
Dua bahan pencuci, P dan Q, digunakan untuk mencuci kain dalam air perigi dan air
paip.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperoleh.

4541
(i) State the type of cleaning agents P and Q.
Nyatakan jenis bahan pencuci P dan Q.
P : ____________________________________________________________________
Q : ____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
(ii) What is the meaning of scum?

Apakah maksud kekat?
__________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(iii) State the two ions in well water that cause the formation of scum.
Nyatakan dua ion dalam air perigi yang menyebabkan pembentukan kekat.
___________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
(iv) State one advantage of cleaning agent P compared to Q.
Nyatakan satu kelebihan bahan pencuci P berbanding dengan Q.
___________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]

4541
4 Diagram 4.1 shows three main substances needed in the preparation of soap in the school
laboratory.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan tiga bahan utama yang diperlukan dalam penghasilan sabun di
makmal sekolah.
(a) What is meant by soap?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan sabun?
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(b) What is the homologous series of palm oil?

Apakah siri homolog bagi minyak kelapa sawit?
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(c) When concentrated sodium hydroxide is added to sunflower oil, substances X and Y
are formed.
Apabila natrium hidroksida pekat ditambah pada minyak bunga matahari, bahan X
dan Y terhasil.
(i) Name substances X and Y.

Namakan bahan X dan Y.
X:__________________________________________________________________
Y: __________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
(ii) State the name of the process to prepare soap.

Nyatakan nama proses penyediaan sabun.
___________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(d) Why is sodium chloride powder added to the soap mixture?

Mengapakah serbuk natrium klorida ditambahkan kepada campuran sabun?
____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]

4541
(e) State another chemical that can replace concentrated sodium hydroxide to obtain soap.
Nyatakan bahan kimia lain yang boleh menggantikan natrium hidroksida pekat untuk
menghasilkan sabun.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(f) Diagram 4.2 shows the structural formula of a soap anion.

Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan struktur formula bagi suatu anion sabun.
(i) State the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the soap anion.
Nyatakan bahagian hidrofilik dan hidrofobik dalam anion sabun itu.
Part X/Bahagian X : _____________________________________________
Part Y/Bahagian Y : _____________________________________________

[2 marks/markah]
(ii) State the property of the hydrophobic part of the soap anion.
Nyatakan sifat bagi bahagian hidrofobik dalam anion sabun itu.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]

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5 The following chemical equation shows a reaction in the preparation of soap in a
laboratory.
Persamaan kimia yang berikut menunjukkan suatu tindak balas semasa penyediaan
sabun di dalam makmal.
(a) What is this reaction called?

Apakah nama tindak balas ini?
____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(b) What is the homologous series of palm oil?

Apakah siri homolog minyak sawit?
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(c)(i) Draw the structural molecule of soap.

Lukis struktur molekul bagi sabun.
[2 marks/markah]
(ii) Based on the structure in (c)(i), which part of the soap molecule is soluble in grease?
Berdasarkan struktur di (c)(i), bahagian sabun yang manakah larut di dalam gris?
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]

4541
(d) Diagram 5.2 shows the cleaning action of soap. Based on Diagram 5.2, explain the
cleansing action of soap.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan tindakan pencucian sabun. Berdasarkan Rajah 5.2, terangkan
tindakan pencucian sabun.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[5 marks/markah]
(e)(i) What is hard water?

Apakah air liat?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]
(ii) Explain briefly the cleansing action of soap in hard water.

Terangkan dengan ringkas tindakan pencucian sabun di dalam air liat.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah]
Section B

4541
Bahagian B
6(a) Diagram 6 shows the label on a box of sugar-free cake bought from a shop. Identify
three types of food additives present in this cake and state their functions.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan label pada satu kotak kek tanpa gula yang dibeli dari kedai.
Kenal pasti tiga jenis bahan tambah makanan yang hadir dalam kek ini dan nyatakan
fungsinya.
[7 marks /markah]
(b) Food additives are now widely used in processed foods for specific purposes. The use of
food additives however may give rise to health problems. Give three examples of food
additives and their functions and any health problems that may arise.
Bahan tambahan makanan digunakan secara meluas dalam makanan proses untuk
tujuan tertentu. Namun begitu, penggunaan bahan-bahan tambahan makanan mungkin
menimbulkan masalah kesihatan. Beri tiga contoh bahan tambah makanan dan
fungsinya serta sebarang masalah kesihatan yang mungkin berlaku.
[9 markah]
(c) List two types of modern medicines. Name one example for each type.
Senaraikan dua jenis ubat moden. Namakan satu contoh bagi setiap jenis. [4 markah]

4541
7(a) The following are the structural formulae of two cleaning agents X and Y.
Berikut adalah formula struktur untuk dua agen pembersih X dan Y.
Cleaning agent X : CH3(CH2)10CH2 – OSO3- Na+

Agen pembersih X
Cleaning agent Y : CH3(CH2)14 – CO2- Na+

Agen pembersih Y
(i) Identify the hydrophilic parts and the hydrophobic parts of cleaning agents X and Y.
Kenal pasti bahagian hidrofilik dan bahagian hidrofobik bagi agen pembersih X dan
Y.
[4 marks /markah]
(ii) Using either one of the cleaning agents : X or Y, explain the cleansing action of the
cleaning agent in removing grease.
Dengan menggunakan sama ada agen pembersih X atau Y , terangkan tindakan
pembersihan agen pembersih tersebut dalam penanggalan gris.
[4 marks / markah]
(iii) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of these two cleaning agents : X and Y.
Bandingkan kelebihan dan keburukan dua agen pembersih ini : X dan Y.
[4 marks / markah]
(b) Using suitable materials, describe how you can prepare a sample of soap in the
laboratory. Name the reaction involved.
Dengan menggunakan bahan yang sesuai, huraikan bagaimana anda boleh
menyediakan satu sampel sabun dalam makmal. Namakan tindak balas yang terlibat.
[8 marks/ markah]

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Section C
Bahagian C
8(a) Diagram 8.1 shows a label on an ice cream container.

Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan label pada suatu bekas ais krim.
(i) From the list of the ingredients, state two types of food additives found in the ice
cream. Name one example and state its function for each type of food additives.
Daripada senarai bahan kandungan, nyatakan dua jenis bahan tambah makanan yang
terdapat dalam ais krim ini. Namakan satu contoh dan nyatakan fungsinya untuk
setiap jenis bahan tambah makanan itu.
[6 marks / markah]
(ii) Food additives are still widely used in our foods. In your opinion, do you agree that food
additives should be continued being used in our foods? Give your reason.
Bahan tambah makanan masih digunakan dalam makanan kita secara meluas. Pada
pendapat anda, adakah anda setuju bahawa bahan tambah makanan terus digunakan
dalam makanan kita? Berikan alasan anda.
[4 marks / markah]
(b) A student conducted an activity to compare the effectiveness of cleansing action of soap
and detergent by using sea water and rain water. Describe an experiment to compare the
cleansing effect of soap and detergent in sea water and rain water. In your description,
include the procedure of the experiment and conclusion.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu aktiviti untuk membandingkan keberkesanan
tindakan pencucian sabun dan detergen dengan menggunakan air laut dan air hujan.
Huraikan satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan keberkesanan pencucian sabun dan
detergen menggunakan air laut dan air hujan. Dalam huraian anda, sertakan prosedur
eksperimen dan kesimpulan.
[7 marks / markah]

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(c) Diagram 8.2 shows a conversation between a patient and a doctor.

Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan perbualan antara seorang pesakit dengan seorang doktor.
Based on the conversation, state the type, example and the function of the medicine
given by the doctor.
Berdasarkan perbualan, nyatakan jenis, contoh dan fungsi ubat yang diberikan oleh
doktor.
[3 marks / markah]

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9. The following poster shows the precaution steps to be taken in battling coronavirus,
COVID-19.
Poster berikut menunjukkan beberapa langkah berjaga-jaga dalam memerangi virus
korona, COVID-19.
Diagram / Rajah 9
(a) Explain the effectiveness of water and soap in washing of hands.

Terangkan keberkesanan air dan sabun dalam pencucian tangan.
[6 marks / markah]
(b) Based on your answer in (a), describe the cleansing action for soap to remove the
dirt from the clothes.
Berdasarkan jawapan anda di (a), huraikan kesan pencucian bagi sabun untuk
menanggalkan kotoran daripada pakaian.
[8 marks / markah]
(c) Name two types of modern medicine, function and an example for each type of
medicine.
Namakan dua jenis ubat moden, fungsinya dan satu contoh bagi setiap jenis ubat.
[6 marks /markah]

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1. Diagram 1 shows the set-up of apparatus used to investigate the cleansing action of soap
and detergent on a pair of socks with oily stain.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan untuk mengkaji tindakan
pencucian sabun dan detergen ke atas sepasang stokin dengan kotoran berminyak.
(a) (i) State one observation based on the Diagram 1.

Nyatakan satu pemerhatian berdasarkan pada Rajah 1.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah]
(ii) Based on the observation in 1(a)(i), state your inference.

Berdasarkan pemerhatian pada 1(a)(i), nyatakan inferens anda.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah]

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(b) Experiment II is repeated by using soft water to replace hard water. Predict your
observation.
Eksperimen II diulang menggunakan air lembut menggantikan air liat. Ramalkan
pemerhatian anda.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah]
2. Diagram 2 shows two beakers each containing water and saturated sugar solution. One
spoon of rice is placed in the two beakers and is left for one week as shown in the
diagram.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan dua bikar setiap bikar yang mengandungi air dan larutan gula
pekat. Satu sudu nasi diletakkan ke dalam kedua-dua bikar tersebut dan dibiarkan
selama satu minggu.
(a) State the observation after one week in each of the beaker.
Nyatakan pemerhatian yang berlaku selepas satu minggu di dalam kedua-dua
bikar tersebut.
___________________________________________________________________
[3 marks/markah]

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(b) State all the variables involved in this experiment.
Nyatakan pemboleh ubah bagi eksperimen ini.
[3 marks / markah]
Manipulated variable
Pemboleh ubah
dimanipulasikan
Responding variable
Pemboleh ubah bergerak
balas
Fixed variable
Pemboleh ubah
dimalarkan
(c) State the inference for this experiment.

Nyatakan inferens bagi eksperimen ini.
____________________________________________________________________
[3 marks / markah]
(d) State the operational definition for this experiment.

Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi eksperimen ini.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[3 marks / markah]

4541
(e) What do you think will happen if we replace the saturated sugar solution with a salt
solution instead?
Apakah yang akan terjadi sekiranya kita menggantikan larutan gula tepu dengan
larutan garam?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[3 marks /markah]

4541
1. Diagram 1 shows the set-up of apparatus used to investigate the cleansing action
of soap and detergent on a piece of cloth stained with oil.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan untuk menyiasat tindakan
pembersihan sabun dan detergen pada pakaian yang dikotori minyak.
Based on the above diagram, plan one laboratory experiment to compare the effectiveness
of soap and detergent in hard water.
Berdasarkan rajah di atas, rancang satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan keberkesanan
sabun dan detergen dalam air liat.

Perancangan anda perlu mengikut aspek berikut:
(a) Aim of the experiment/Tujuan eksperimen
(b) All the variables/Semua pemboleh ubah
(c) Statement of the hypothesis /Pernyataan hipotesis
(d) List of substances and apparatus /Senarai bahan dan radas
(e) Procedure of the experiment /Kaedah eksperimen
(f) Tabulation of data/Penjadualan data
[17 marks/markah]

4541
2. Based on observation in Diagram 2, plan an experiment to investigate the
effectiveness of cleansing agent X and cleansing agent Y in hard water.
Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Rajah 2, rancang satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji
keberkesanan agen pencuci X dan agen pencuci Y dalam air liat.
Your planning should include the following aspects.

Perancangan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut:.
(a) Aim of the experiment /Tujuan eksperimen
(b) All the variables/ Semua pemboleh ubah
(c) Statement of the hypothesis /Pernyataan hipotesis
(d) Lists of substances and apparatus /Senarai bahan dan alat radas
(e) Procedure for the experiment/Prosedur eksperimen
[17 marks/ markah]

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4541
SET 9:BAHAN KIMIA UNTUK PENGGUNA
SKEMA KERTAS 2 : BAHAN KIMIA UNTUK PENGGUNA
Section A
Bahagian A
Section A/Bahagian A
No. Answer Marks

Jawapan Markah
1(a) Azo compounds 1

Sebatian Azo
(b) As a preservative and as a food flavouring 2

Sebagai pengawet dan perisa makanan
(c) As a preservative 1
Sebagai pengawet
(d)(i) As an antioxidant and as a food flavouring 2

Sebagai pengantioksida dan perisa makanan
(ii) Ascorbic acid 1

Asid askorbik
(e)(i) Carboxylate group 1

Kumpulan karboksilat
(ii) Ethanol and butanoic acid 2

Etanol dan asid butanoik
(f) Aspartame 1
Aspartam
2(a)(i) M 1
(ii) Skin disease 1

Penyakit kulit
(iii) The extract of its leaves is applied on the affected area. 1

Ekstrak daripada daunnya disapu pada kawasan yang
dijangkiti.

4541
(b)(i) Antibiotics – to kill and prevent the growth of bacteria 1
Antibiotik – untuk membunuh dan mencegah pertumbuhan
bakteria
Psychotherapeutic medicine – to change the emotions and 1

behaviour of the patient
Ubat psikoterapeutik – untuk mengubah emosi dan kelakuan
pesakit
Analgesics – to relieve pain without causing numbness or 1

affecting consciousness
Analgesik – melegakan kesakitan tanpa menyebabkan kebas
atau mempengaruhi kesedaran
(ii) May cause bleeding in the stomach 1

Mungkin menyebabkan pendarahan dalam perut
(iii) So that all the bacteria that cause the disease are killed 1
Supaya semua bakteria yang menyebabkan penyakit dapat
dibunuh
(iv) Calms down the patient’s emotion so that the patient can sleep 1
properly
Melegakan emosi pesakit supaya pesakit dapat tidur dengan
baik
3(a)(i) Saponification/Saponifikasi 1
(ii) Glycerol/Gliserol 1
(iii) To help precipitate the solid soap 1

Untuk membantu dalam memendakkan pepejal sabun
(b)(i) P – soap / sabun 1

Q – detergent / detergen 1
(ii) The white precipitate that is formed when soap reacts with 1
certain mineral ions that are present in hard water
Mendakan putih yang terbentuk apabila sabun bertindak
balas dengan sesetengah ion mineral yang hadir dalam air
liat.
(iii) Mg2+ and/dan Ca2+ 2

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(iv) Easily biodegradable 1
Mudah terbiodegradasi
4(a) A soap is a sodium or potassium salt of fatty acid 1

Sabun ialah garam natrium atau kalium bagi asid lemak
(b) Ester 1
(c)(i) Soap/Sabun 1
Glycerol/Gliserol 1
(ii) Saponification/Saponifikasi 1
(d) To precipitate the soap 1

Untuk memendakkan sabun
(e) Concentrated potassium hydroxide 1

Kalium hidroksida pekat
(f)(i) X : Hydrophobic/Hidrofobik 1
Y : Hydrophilic/Hidrofilik 1
(ii) Dissolve in organic solvents 1

Larut dalam pelarut organik
5(a) Saponification/Saponifikasi 1
(b) Ester 1
(c)(i)
1
(c)(ii) Hydrocarbon chain / Rantai hidrokarbon 1

4541
(d) The molecule of soap consists of a polar end and a 1
hydrocarbon chain.
Molekul sabun terdiri daripada hujung berpolar dan rantai
hidrokarbon.
The polar end is hydrophilic which dissolves in water while

the hydrocarbon chain is hydrophobic which dissolves in 2
grease.
Hujung berpolar bersifat hidrofilik, iaitu larut di dalam air,
manakala rantai hidrokarbon bersifat hidrofobik, iaitu larut di
dalam gris.
When water is agitated, the grease will come off the cloth and 1
form an emulsion layer.
Apabila air dikocak, gris akan tertanggal daripada pakaian
dan membentuk lapisan emulsi.
It is carried away by rinsing the cloth with clean water. 1

Lapisan ini ditanggalkan apabila pakaian dibilas dengan air
yang bersih.
(e)(i) Water that consists of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions. 2

Air yang mengandungi ion-ion Mg2+ dan Ca2+.
(ii) Soap cannot clean effectively in hard water. 1

Sabun tidak dapat mencuci dengan berkesan di dalam air liat.
It will form scum if it reacts with Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions.

Sabun akan membentuk kekat apabila bertindak balas dengan 2
ion-ion Mg2+ dan Ca2+

4541
Section B/Bahagian B
No. Answer/Jawapan Marks

Markah
6(a) Ingredient Type of food additive Function

Ramuan Jenis bahan tambah Fungsi
makanan
Aspartame Flavouring agent To make the cake taste

Aspartam Agen perasa sweet/to replace sugar 1,1
Untuk memaniskan
kek/menggantikan gula
Pentyl Flavouring agent To add flavour

ethanoate Agen perasa Untuk menambahkan 1,1
Pentil etanoat rasa
Ascorbic acid Antioxidant To prevent oxidation of

Asid askorbik Pengantioksida the cake
Mengelakkan
pengoksidaan kek 1,1
Tartrazine Dye/colouring agent To add colour to the cake

Tatrazin Agen pewarna Untuk menambahkan
warna pada kek
1,1
Able to state the ingredient with correct food additive

(Max:7
Boleh menyatakan ramuan dengan satu bahan tambah makanan yang m)
betul

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(b)
Food additive Function Health problem that

Bahan tambah Fungsi may occur
makanan Masalah kesihatan
yang mungkin
berlaku
Sodium nitrite To preserve meat to last May produce

longer carcinogens
Natrium nitrit Untuk mengawet Mungkin
1,1,1
daging supaya tahan menghasilkan
lama karsinogen
Monosodium To increase flavour of May cause allergy

glutamate(MSG) food Mungkin
Mononatrium Meningkatkan rasa menyebabkan alahan 1,1,1
glutamate makanan
Azo/triphenyl To add colour to May cause

compounds/dyes food/make food appear hyperactivity/allergy
Azo/sebatian more attractive Mungkin
trifenil/pewarna Menambahkan warna menyebabkan
1,1,1
kepada hiperaktif/alahan
makanan/menjadikan
makanan kelihatan
lebih menarik
Saccharin Produce sweetness May produce

Sakarin Menjadikan makanan carcinogen
lebih manis Menghasilkan
karsinogen
1,1,1
Any three/Mana-mana tiga

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(c)
Type of medicine Example

Jenis ubat Contoh
Analgesics Aspirin/paracetamol/codeine
1,1
Analgesik Aspirin/parasetamol/Kodeine
Antibiotics Penicilin/streptomycin
1,1
Antibiotik Penisilin/ streptomisin
Psychotherapeutic drugs Stimulant/antidepressant/antipsyc

hotic drug
Ubat psikoterapeutik
Stimulan/antidepresan/ubat 1,1
antipsikotik
Any two/Mana-mana dua

4541
7(a)(i) 2
(ii) 1. Detergent X/Y dissociates to ions which lower the surface

tension of water. 1
Detergen X/Y terurai menjadi ion yang merendahkan tekanan

pada permukaan air.
1
2. When shaken with water, the hydrophobic component of the
cleaning agent X/Y dissolves in grease and emulsifies the grease
into tiny grease droplets.
Bila digoncang dengan air, bahagian hidrofobik agen pencuci

1
X/Y larut di dalam gris dan mengemulsikan gris kepada titisan
kecil gris.
3. The hydrophilic component of the cleaning agent X/Y dissolves in 1

water.
Bahagian hidrofilik agen pencuci X/Y larut di dalam air.

(iii)
4. When rinsed with more water, the grease droplets are removed
together with the water. 1
Apabila dibilas dengan lebih banyak air, titisan gris tertanggal di
dalam air.
Advantages of cleaning agent X compared to cleaning agent Y

Kelebihan agen pencuci X berbanding agen pencuci Y 1
1. Cleaning agent X is effective in both soft and hard water whereas

cleaning agent Y can only clean in soft water.
Agen pencuci X lebih berkesan dalam air lembut dan air liat
manakala agen pencuci Y hanya berkesan dalam air lembut. 1
2. Cleaning agent X do not form scum in hard water whereas cleaning

agent Y forms scum in hard water.
Agen pencuci X tidak membentuk kekat di dalam air keras

manakala agen pencuci Y membentuk kekat di dalam air liat.
1

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3. Cleaning agent X can be added with different types of additives to
improve its cleaning action./ Boleh menambahkan pelbagai jenis
bahan tambahan di dalam agen pencuci X untuk mempertingkatkan
keberkesanan pencucian. 1
Advantages of cleaning agent Y compared to cleaning agent X

Kelebihan agen pencuci Y berbanding dengan agen pencuci X
1. Cleaning agent Y is biodegradable whereas cleaning agent X is not.

1
Agen pencuci Y terbiodegradasi manakala agen pencuci X tidak
terbiodegradasi.
2. The additives added to cleaning agent X may cause allergy (or kill
aquatic living things)
Bahan tambahan kepada agen pencuci X menyebabkan alahan(atau
membunuh organisma akuatik)
1
3. The phosphates added to cleaning agent X can encourage the
growth of water algae which deplete the oxygen in the water.
Fosfat ditambahkan kepada agen pencuci X menyebabkan
pertumbuhan alga air yang menyebabkan kekurangan oksigen di
dalam air.
Any 4 points/Mana-mana 4 poin 1
7(b) Materials/Bahan :
Vegetable oil, 5 moldm-3 sodium hydroxide solution, sodium 1
chloride(salt)
Minyak sayuran, larutan natrium hidroksida 5 moldm-3, natrium
klorida(garam) 1
Apparatus/Radas:
Beaker, measuring cylinder, glass rod
Bikar, silinder penyukat, rod kaca 1
Procedure/Prosedur:
1. 5 cm3 of vegetable oil is placed in a beaker.
5 cm3 minyak sayuran diletakkan ke dalam bikar. 1
2. 25 cm3 of 5 moldm-3 sodium hydroxide solution is added to the oil.

25 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 5 moldm-3 ditambahkan ke dalam
minyak.
3. The mixture is heated and stirred continuously. 1

Campuran tersebut dipanaskan dan digaulkan.
4. About 150 cm3 of water is added to the mixture, followed by 3

spatula of sodium chloride. 1
150 cm3 air ditambahkan ke dalam campuran, diikuti dengan 3

4541
spatula natrium klorida.
5. The mixture is boiled for about 5 minutes and allowed to cool. The
precipitate formed is filtered and dried between filter papers.
Campuran tersebut dididihkan selama 5 minit dan biarkan
campuran tersebut untuk menyejuk. Mendakan yang terbentuk
ditapis dan dikeringkan dengan menggunakan kertas turas.
6. The reaction is known as saponification.

Tindak balas tersebut ialah saponifikasi.
BAHAGIAN C
8(a)(i)
Type Example Function

Jenis Contoh Fungsi
Flavouring Sorbitol//Lacticol Improves the taste of

Perisa Sorbitol//Laktikol ice cream 1,1,1
Meningkatkan rasa
ais krim
Stabiliser Gelatine//Guar Prevents emulsion

Penstabil gum//Polysorbate from separating out
80//Mono and
diglycerides Mencegah emulsi
1,1,1
daripada terpisah
Gelatin//Gam keluar
guar//Polisorbat
80//Mono dan
digliserida 80//Mono
dan digliserida
Colouring Red 40 Adds colour to the

Pewarna Merah 40 ice cream
Menambah warna 1,1,1
kepada air krim
Preservative Sodium benzoate Makes the ice cream

Pengawet Natrium benzoat lasts longer
Membuat ais krim
1,1,1
tahan lebih lama
Antioxidant Butylated Prevents oxidation

Antioksida hydroxyanisole that causes rancid fat
1,1,1
Hidroksianisole Mencegah
dibutilkan(BHA) pengoksidaan yang
menyebabkan lemak
tengik

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Any two/Mana-mana dua
(ii)
1. Agree / Bersetuju
2. Food not easily spoiled./ Makanan tidak mudah rosak. 1
3. Demand for food is rising because of population boom 1
Permintaan untuk makanan semakin meningkat kerana peningkatan 1
populasi
4. Can lower the cost of food./ Boleh mengurangkan kos makanan.
1
Or/Atau
1. Disagree / Tidak bersetuju

1
2. Can cause illness/ Boleh menyebabkan penyakit
1
3. Cost of medical rises/ Kos kenaikan perubatan
1
4. Cost of buying food supplements
Kos untuk membeli makanan tambahan
1
(b)
1. Pour sea water and rain water into two basins respectively.
Tuangkan air laut dan air hujan ke dalam dua besen 1
masing-masing.
2. Add soap into the basins. 1

Tambahkan sabun ke dalam kedua-dua besen.
3. Dip a piece of cloth with oily stain into each basin. 1

Celupkan kain dengan kotoran berminyak ke dalam setiap besen.
4. Wash and rinse the cloth. 1

Basuh dan bilas kain.
5. Repeat steps 1 to 4 by using detergent. 1

Ulang langkah 1 hingga 4 dengan menggunakan detergen.
Conclusion/Kesimpulan:
6. The oily stain on cloth washed in sea water using soap remains but
the oily stain on cloth washed in sea water using detergent disappears. 1
Kotoran berminyak pada kain dicuci dengan air laut menggunakan

sabun kekal tetapi kotoran berminyak pada kain dicuci dengan air laut
menggunakan detergen hilang.
7. Detergent is more effective than soap in sea water. 1

Detergen adalah lebih berkesan daripada sabun dalam air laut.

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(c)
Example of medicine Type of medicine Function
Contoh ubat Jenis ubat Fungsi
Tranquiliser // Psychotherapeutic Calms down //

Barbiturate Psikoterapeutik Reduces tension
Penenang // Menenangkan //
Barbiturat Mengurangkan
tekanan 1,1,1
9(a) 1. Our hands has oils on it. 1

Terdapat lapisan minyak pada tangan kita.
2. Virus sticks to the oil. 1
Virus senang melekat pada lapisan minyak tersebut.
3. Soap can decrease the surface tension. 1
Sabun mengurangkan tekanan pada permukaan tangan.
4. When washing with soap, rubbing physically causes friction. 1+1
Apabila tangan dicuci dengan menggunakan sabun, geseran
berlaku semasa tangan bergeser.
5. During rinsing, virus is washed off with the soap. 1
Semasa dibilas, virus dicuci bersama dengan sabun.
(b) 1. Soap dissolves in water and reduces the surface tension of water to
wet the dirty cloth. 1
Sabun larut dalam air dan mengurangkan ketegangan permukaan air
supaya pakaian dapat dibasahkan.
2. The hydrophobic part of the anion dissolves in grease. 1

Bahagian hidrofobik larut di dalam gris.
3. The hydrophilic part dissolves in water. 1

Bahagian hidrofilik larut di dalam air.
4. Grease is loosened and lifted off the surface of clothes by rubbing, 1

scrubbing or heating.
Gris akan tertanggal daripada permukaan pakaian dengan
menggosok, menyental atau pemanasan.
5. The hydrophilic part surrounds the grease and is lifted off the 1+1
surface of clothes.
Bahagian hidrofilik mengelilingi gris dan menanggalkannya daripada
permukaan pakaian.
1
6. The grease is dispersed into smaller droplet/emulsified.

4541
Gris dipecahkan kepada titisan kecil/diemulsikan.
1
7. Rinsing away the dirty water removes the grease droplets.
Membilas air kotoran menanggalkan titisan gris.
(c ) 1. Analgesics are modern medicines that relieve pain. 1,1,1

Analgesik adalah ubat moden yang mengurangkan kesakitan.
Example/Contoh: Pacetamol/Parasetamol
2. Antibiotics are modern medicines that cure diseases caused by 1,1,1

bacteria.
Antibiotik adalah ubat moden yang merawat penyakit yang
disebabkan oleh bakteria.
Example/Contoh : Streptomycin/Streptomisin.

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Paper 3 (Structure question)

Kertas 3(Soalan struktur)
No. Answer/Jawapan Mark

Mark
ah
1(a)(i) Oily stain in experiment I is removed/ Disappeared AND oily stain in

Experiment II remains//
Kotoran berminyak dalam Eksperimen I disingkirkan/ dihilangkan
DAN kotoran berminyak dalam Eksperimen II kekal.
Sock in Experiment I is clean and stain remains in Experiment II 3

Stokin dalam Eksperimen I bersih dan kotoran kekal dalam Eksperimen
II
Oily stain in Experiment I removed//

Kotoran berminyak dalam Eksperimen I disingkirkan
Oily stain in Experiment II remain//

Kotoran berminyak dalam Eksperimen II kekal
Sock is clean in Experiment I// Stokin bersih dalam Eksperimen I 2
The stain remains in Experiment II//

Kotoran kekal dalam Eksperimen II
Sock in Experiment I is cleaner than in Experiment II//

Stokin dalam Eksperimen I lebih bersih berbanding dalam Eksperimen
II
Oily stain removed// Kotoran berminyak disingkirkan

Oily stain remains// Kotoran berminyak kekal
Sock is clean// Stokin bersih 1
No response given/wrong response 0

Tiada jawapan diberikan / Jawapan salah
1(a)(ii) Cleansing action of detergent is more effective in hard water compared

to soap (vice versa)
Kuasa pencucian bagi detergen lebih efektif dalam air liat berbanding 3
sabun (atau sebaliknya)

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Cleansing action of detergent is effective in hard water/
Kuasa pencucian bagi detergent lebih berkesan dalam air liat//
2
Cleansing action of soap is less effective in hard water/
Kuasa pencucian bagi sabun kurang berkesan dalam air liat
Detergent is a good/ better cleaning agent 1

Detergen ialah agen pencuci yang baik/ bagus

1(b) Oily stain is removed/ disappeared/ Kotoran berminyak disingkirkan/ 3

dihilangkan// Sock is clean/ Stokin bersih
White precipitate not produced/ Mendakan putih tidak dihasilkan 2
No stain/ Tiada kotoran 1

2(a) Beaker filled with water : Rice turn rancid and smelly 3
Bikar berisi air : Nasi basi dan berbau busuk
Beaker filled with saturated sugar solution : Rice smells fragrant

Bikar berisi larutan gula pekat : Nasi berbau wangi
(b) 3
Manipulated variable Presence of preservative
Pembolehubah Kehadiran pengawet
dimanipulasikan
Responding variable Fermentation of rice

Pembolehubah bergerak balas Penapaian nasi
Fixed variable Volume of solution used

Pembolehubah dimalarkan Isipadu larutan yang
digunakan
(c) Sugar is a preservative. 3

Gula ialah pengawet makanan.

4541
(d) Rice is placed in different types of solutions and is preserved in sugar 3
solution to avoid it being rancid.
Nasi direndamkan ke dalam larutan yang berlainan jenis dan
diawetkan ke dalam larutan gula untuk mengelakkan nasi tersebut
daripada basi.
(e) Rice will not turn rancid and smelly like in beaker containing water 3
only.
Nasi tidak akan basi dan berbau busuk seperti di dalam bikar yang
mengandungi air.
Paper 3(Planning experiment)

Kertas 3(Merancang eksperimen)
1(a) Able to give the aim of the experiment accurately. 3

Dapat memberikan tujuan eksperimen dengan tepat.
Sample answer/Sampel Jawapan
To compare the effectiveness of the cleansing action of soap and

detergent in hard water.
Untuk membandingkan keberkesanan tindakan pencucian bagi sabun
dan detergen di dalam air liat..
Able to give the aim of the experiment correctly. 2

Dapat memberikan tujuan eksperimen dengan betul.
To compare the cleansing action of soap and detergent.

Untuk membandingkan keberkesanan tindakan pencucian antara sabun
dan detergen.
Able to give a relevant idea with the aim of the experiment. 1

Dapat memberikan idea relevan dengan tujuan eksperimen.
To study the cleaning agent.

Untuk mengkaji agen pencuci.
Wrong or no response 0
Salah atau tiada jawapan

4541
(b) Able to state the three variables accurately. 3
Dapat menyatakan tiga pembolehubah dengan tepat.
Answer
Manipulated variable: Soap and detergent
Responding variable: Effectiveness of cleansing action // the ability to

remove the oily stains on cloth
Fixed variable: cloth with oily stains, hard water
Jawapan
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan : Sabun dan detergen
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: Keberkesanan tindakan pencucian //

kebolehan untuk menanggalkan kotoran pada kain
Pemboleh ubah tetap : Kain dengan tompok minyak, air keras
Able to state two variables correctly 2

Dapat menyatakan dua pemboleh ubah dengan tepat
Able to state one variable correctly 1

Dapat menyatakan satu pemboleh ubah dengan tepat
(c) Able to state the hypothesis accurately with direction 3

Dapat menyatakan hipotesis dengan tepat dengan arah
The cleansing action of a detergent is more effective in hard water than

a soap
Tindakan pencucian detergen adalah lebih berkesan di dalam air keras
berbanding sabun
Able to make hypothesis less accurately. 2

Dapat menyatakan hipotesis dengan kurang tepat.
Detergent is more effective than soap

Detergen lebih berkesan daripada sabun
Able to give an idea of making hypothesis. 1

Dapat menyatakan suatu idea tentang hipotesis.
Detergent is more effective.

Detergen lebih berkesan.

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Wrong or no response. 0
Salah atau tiada jawapan.
(d) Able to state the complete list of apparatus and material as follows./ 3
Dapat menyatakan senarai radas dan bahan lengkap
Apparatus : 2 beakers, , glass rod// Radas : 2 bikar, rod kaca
Materials : Hard water, soap and detergent solution, 2 pieces of clothes

stained with oil.
Bahan : air liat, larutan air sabun dan detergen, 2 keping kain dengan
tompok minyak
Able to list the apparatus and materials less completely 2

Dapat menyenaraikan senarai radas dan bahan dengan kurang
lengkap.
Apparatus : Beakers// Radas : Bikar
Materials : Hard water,soap and detergent solution, pieces of clothes

stained with oil.
Bahan : air liat, larutan air sabun dan detergen, kepingan kain dengan
tompok minyak.
Able to list an idea of the apparatus and materials. 1

Dapat menyenaraikan suatu idea tentang radas dan bahan.
Soap,detergent, (any container),hard water,dirty cloth

Sabun, detergen, (apa-apa bekas), Air liat, kain kotor

4541
(e) Able to state procedures correctly as follows
Dapat menyatakan semua prosedur dengan tepat
1. [50 - 200] cm3 of hard water is poured into a beaker
2. Soap is added into the beakers
3. A piece of cloth stained with oil is immersed in the solution. 3
4. The cloth is shaken/rubbed
5. Observation is recorded.
6. Repeat steps 1-5 by using detergent.
1. [50-200] cm3 air liat dituangkan ke dalam suatu bikar

2. Sabun ditambahkan ke dalam semua bikar itu
3. Sekeping kain bertompok minyak direndamkan ke dalam
larutan itu.
4. Kain tersebut digosok.
5. Rekodkan pemerhatian
6. Ulangi langkah 1-5 dengan menggunakan detergen
Able to list the steps of the procedures less accurately. 2

Dapat menyenaraikan prosedur dengan kurang tepat.
Steps/Langkah 1, 2,3,4,6
Able to list an idea of procedures. 1

Dapat menyenaraikan suatu idea tentang prosedur.
Steps/Langkah
Hard water is poured into ( any container)

Air liat dituangkan ke dalam (mana-mana bekas)
Soap and detergent is added.

Sabun dan detergen ditambahkan.

4541
(f) Able to tabulate the data correctly 2
Dapat menjadualkan data dengan tepat
Sample answer/Sampel jawapan
Types of cleaning agent Observation

Jenis agen pencuci Pemerhatian
Soap
Sabun
Detergent
Detergen
Able to tabulate data less accurately 1

Dapat menjadualkan data dengan kurang tepat
Sample answer /Sampel jawapan
Soap/Sabun
Detergent/Detergen
Wrong or no response//Salah atau tiada jawapan 0
2(a) To compare the effectiveness of the cleansing action of soap and

detergent in hard water.
Membandingkan keberkesanan pencucian detergen dan sabun dalam 3
air liat.
(b) Manipulated variables: Detergent and soap

Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan: Detergen dan sabun
Responding variables:
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas: menyingkirkan kotoran seperti gris 3
Constant variables: Hard water
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan: Air liat
(c) Detergen able to get rid of grease faster than soap in hard water.
Dalam air liat, detergen menyingkirkan gris lebih cepat daripada
sabun. 3

4541
(d) Materials: Detergent, soap, cloth, hard water
Apparatus: Beaker
3
Bahan: Detergen, sabun, baju dan air liat
Radas: Bikar
(e) 1. Hard water poured into two beakers.

2. Detergent and soap put into two beakers separately.
3. Dirty cloth is dipped into each beaker.
4. Cloth are rinsed.
1. Air liat dituang ke dalam dua bikar.

2. Detergen dan sabun diletakkan secara berasingan ke dalam bikar.
3
3. Baju yang kotor diletakkan ke dalam setiap bikar.
4. Baju dibilas
(f)
Experiment Observation
Cloth in detergent
Cloth in soap 2
Experimen Pemerhatian
Baju dalam detergen
Baju dalam sabun

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JAWATAN KUASA PENULIS MODUL KIMIA SPM WPKL 2020

MODUL SMART CHEM 122 WPKL

PENAUNG PN MAZNAH BINTI ABU BAKAR, ANS; PMC

PENASIHAT EN ABDUL AZIZ BIN MD HASHIM

MODUL SMART CHEM 122

KERTAS 2 KERTAS 3 JUMLAH

3.1 Acids and Bases

Manufactured Substances in Industry

Oxidation and Reduction

Chemical for Consumers Bahan

TITLE: STRUCTURE OF ATOM

Substances Chemical formula

(a) What type of particle is found in

Modul Kimia SPM WPKL

(i) the molar mass for sulphuric acid.

(ii) the molar mass for copper (II) carbonate.

Modul Kimia SPM WPKL

PAPER 3 STRUCTURED QUESTION

Modul Kimia SPM WPKL

Modul Kimia SPM WPKL

Modul Kimia SPM WPKL

TITLE: CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + oxide of copper

Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + copper

Modul Kimia SPM WPKL

(a) What is meant by empirical formula?

Modul Kimia SPM WPKL

(iii) State the empirical formula of this oxide of copper.

Modul Kimia SPM WPKL

(i) Ethanol, C2H5OH.

(ii) Zinc nitrate, Zn(NO3)2

(i) What is the number of oxygen molecules in the bottle?

Modul Kimia SPM WPKL

(ii) How many oxygen atoms are there in the bottle?

Modul Kimia SPM WPKL

2Ag2CO3(s) → 4Ag(s) + 2CO2(g) + O2(g)

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1. (a) The information below is regarding substance X

(i) Determine the empirical formula of substance X.

(ii) Determine the molecular formula of substance X.

Modul Kimia SPM WPKL

TITLE: PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

(a) In Diagram 1, which element is transition metal?

Modul Kimia SPM WPKL

(d) (i) X is a halogen gas. State the type of particle of elements X.

Modul Kimia SPM WPKL

2. Table 2 shows some properties of the elements in the Period 3

(a) Why are all the elements placed in period 3?

(i) State the element that formed amphoteric acid.

Modul Kimia SPM WPKL

(ii) Write the chemical formula of the amphoteric oxide in (d)(i).

(ii) Give the reasons for your answer in e (i).

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Added to sodium hydroxide Added to hydrochloric acid

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Describe an experiment to verify the above statement. In your answer include :

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PAPER 3 STRUCTURED QUESTION

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(i) the manipulated variable

(ii) the responding variable

(iii) the constant variable

(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.