A B

Phone A speech sound

Phonetics The study of the precise specifications of
speech sounds
Phoneme A speech sound used to distinguish meaning in
a specific language
Phonology The study of phonemes
Allophone A variation of a phoneme which does not
change meaning if used.
Plosive A sound formed by blocking air somewhere
and then releasing it eg /p/ or /k/
Fricative A sound made by forcing air through a narrow
space, causing friction eg /s/, /f/, /h/
Affricate A sound made by producing a plosive then a
fricative in the same place. /ʤ/ and /ʧ/ in
English
Nasal A sound made by releasing air through the
nose rather than through the mouth. /m/, /n/,
and /ŋ/.
Voicing Vibration of the vocal cords as a sound is
made - eg /b/, /g/, /v/, and all vowel sounds
Bilabial A sound made by using both lips - /w/, /p/, /b/,
/m/
Labiodental A sound made by placing the top teeth on the
lower lip - /f/and /v/ in English
Dental A sound made by placing the tongue behind
the top teeth - in English /θ/ and /ð/
Alveolar A sound made by raising the tip of the tongue
to the bony ridge behind the teeth - eg /t/,
/s/, /n/
Velar A sound made by raising the back of the
tongue to the soft palate - /k/, /g/ and /ŋ/ in
English
Glottal A sound produced in the glottis, or vocal cords
- /h/ in English
Vowel A sound produced by allowing air to pass out
from the lungs without obstruction.
Consonant A sound produced by obstructing, completely
 or partially, the flow of air from the lungs.
http://eltnotebook.blogspot.com/2012/01/an-elt-glossary-catenation-liaison.html

cantenation
linking j
intrusive r
elision
assimilation
 Consonant- Vowel (CV) linking : a syllable final consonant is linked to a syllable initial vowel,
so that  it sounds as if it starts the second syllable rather than finishing the previous one: 
        start up  /stɑːt ʌp/        his own /hɪz əʊn        call out /kɔːl aʊt/

 Vowel - Vowel (VV) linking : a syllable final vowel is linked to a syllable initial vowel using an
"intrusive" consonant - /r/, /w/ or /j/ : 
         I saw it /aɪ sɔː r ɪt/             go and see  /gəʊ w ənd siː/    
         my only hope /maɪ j əʊnliː həʊp/

Many writers refer to CV linking as catenation and VV linking as liaison, and this is the way the terms
are used in other articles here in the ELT Notebook.

https://www.quia.com/jg/1478771list.html

A B
/p/ plosive
/k/ plosive
/f/ fricative
/ʒ/ fricative
/θ/ fricative
/h/ fricative
/d/ plosive
/m/ nasal
/n/ nasal
/ŋ/ nasal
/ʤ/ affricate
/ʧ/ affricate
/r/ approximant
/w/ approximant
/j/ approximant
https://www.quia.com/jg/1478770list.html

A B
/p/ bilabial
/v/ labiodental
/ð/ dental
/z/ alveolar
/ʒ/ palatal
/h/ glottal
/g/ velar
/r/ post-alveolar