Giancarlo cortes lara

Diego niño
Toxicología ambiental

1
Giancarlo cortes lara
Diego niño
Toxicología ambiental
2

Natural vocs
Limoneo It does not present any particular color, which
has an odor reminiscent of citrus. It is used for
the production of fragrances, solvents for
professional use, in cosmetics and to flavor
foods. In nature it is available in many citrus
fruits.
Methane Methane is a great benefit to the
environment, since it produces more heat and
light energy
Methane produced from non-fossil sources
such as food waste and green waste can
literally pull carbon out of the air
Also the methane released into the
atmosphere before it burns is harmful to the
environment.
Isoprene It is molecule that originates in plants and
whose function is to alter the flowering of
neighboring species.
Isoprene is made naturally in animals and
plants and is generally the most commonly
found hydride in the human body. Isoprene is
produced in some chloroplasts in the leaves of
certain trees. The amount of isoprene
generated by a plant depends on the plant
mass of the leaves, their area and the light
received, as well as the temperature.
(DIVULGA, 2020)
Acetone 100% pure is odorless, but commercial gas has
a distinctive garlic-like odor.
Under normal conditions it is a gas a little
lighter than air

Acetone is also a main ingredient in many nail

polish removers. As a solvent, acetone is
frequently incorporated into other solvent
systems or "blends" that are used to formulate
automotive and furniture finish varnishes.
((ATSDR), 2019)
Giancarlo cortes lara
Diego niño
Toxicología ambiental

Artificial
Benzene is extremely flammable. Most people can
begin to smell benzene in the air when it is at
concentrations of 1.5 to 4.7 parts of benzene
per million parts of air (ppm) and in water
when the concentration is 2 ppm.
It is also used in the manufacture of certain
types of rubber, lubricants, dyes, detergents,
drugs, and pesticides.
it does not accumulate in plants or animals.
Propan It is a gas obtained from oil and natural gas
deposits that is transformed into a liquid for
distribution and domestic or industrial use.
It is the topic that will be developed with the
greatest emphasis, since the greatest doubts
arise regarding its use in heating, cooking and
sanitary water in homes, businesses and
industries.
Xylene It is a colorless liquid with a sweet odor that
ignites easily. It is found naturally in oil and
tar. Chemical industries produce xylene from
oil. Xylene is one of the 30 most widely
produced chemicals in the United States by
volume.
In air, it is broken down to less harmful
substances by sunlight in a few days ((ATSDR),
2019)
Toluene It is a good solvent (a substance that can
dissolve other substances). Toluene also
occurs naturally in crude oil and in the tolu
tree. It is produced in the process of
manufacturing gasoline and other fuels from
crude oil
used in the manufacture of benzene, nylon,
plastics, and polyurethane and in the synthesis
of trinitrotoluene (TNT)
Outdoor monitoring data in the United States
shows that toluene is present at average levels
of approximately 1–35 parts per billion by
volume (ppbv). ((ATSDR), 2019)

((ATSDR), 2019)
Giancarlo cortes lara
Diego niño
Toxicología ambiental

(Methyl-tert-butyl Ether)
3

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is a flammable liquid with a characteristic unpleasant odor. It is made by
combining chemicals such as isobutylene and methanol, and has been used since the 1980s as an additive to
better burn unleaded gasoline. (ATSDR, 2016) In areas of a city where there is concern due to the presence of
contaminants such as carbon dioxide, the EPA may require that MTBE or ethanol be used as agents to oxygenate
gasoline. In this way, the gasoline combustion will be cleaner during the winter months. The fuels that contain
these additives are called reformulated gasoline. Most of the MTBE produced is mixed with gasoline, so most
people come into contact with this substance when exposed to gasoline fumes from automobiles or exhaust
fumes. MTBE is also used as a laboratory reagent and in medicine to dissolve gallstones. (EPA 2010)

In the United States in the 2000s there were protests over the use of (MTBE) due to its impact on groundwater
and that due to its chemical properties it is difficult to remediate, in the 80s there was an exponential growth in
the use of (MTBE) as an addictive to gasoline by increasing the octane number of gasoline, Although air quality
has improved in certain areas of the country, due to the use of MTBE, these same areas have been hit by the
degradation of groundwater as a result of this additive.When released into groundwater, MTBE has proven to
be much more difficult to remedy than the other components in gasoline, which pose a high risk to groundwater
quality, and therefore Therefore, the sources of drinking water. (STEVEN, 2016), this compound has been
shown to be difficult to break down in various studies exposed to anaerobic and aerobic bacteria where no or
very slow degradation was found for remediation processes, additionally due to its high rate of Transformations
with other compounds produce compounds with increased toxicity to aquifers. During direct MTBE from
aerobic degradation the intermediate product, tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA), often accumulates and increases the
toxicity of the aquifer. Therefore, before the MTBE bioremediation strategy can be used, an assessment of the
risks associated with the accumulation of its degradation products is essential. In addition to TBA, intermediates
directing the metabolism or co-metabolism of MTBE include tertiary butyl formate (TBF),
hydroxyisobutyraldehyde (HIBA), 2-methyl-2-hydroxy-1-propanol, and acetone [12] (Nail, 2019)

(MTBE) has been shown to affect groundwater bodies, therefore it affects human health since many of these
aquifers are sources of drinking water supply, however it is not the only way in which we can be exposed to
this. Studies have shown that it can be absorbed either by mouth, by inhalation, and through the skin. Some
people who were exposed to MTBE by filling their car tanks with gasoline, driving their cars, or working at gas
stations complained of pain. headache, nausea, dizziness, nose and throat irritation, and a feeling of
disorientation or confusion. These symptoms were described when high amounts of MTBE were added to
gasoline to reduce the levels of carbon monoxide, a poisonous substance, from the exhaust.

cars. MTBE has an extremely unpleasant odor that most people can detect before adverse effects occur. After
absorption, a fraction of the MTBE is exhaled unchanged. However, the other fraction is oxidized to tert-Butyl
alcohol (TBA) and formaldehyde, a known human genotoxic and carcinogenic chemical in the Cytochrome P-
450 complex (Brady et al., 1990). The results of carcinogenicity tests performed on animals reported that after
inhalation of formaldehyde, male rats developed tumors in the kidneys as well as the testes. Also, adenomas
Giancarlo cortes lara
Diego niño
Toxicología ambiental
were detected in the liver of female rats. After oral administration, leukemia and lymphomas were found in
female rats, while in male rats, testicular tumors have been found. (CLAUDIA, 2019)

This allows us to conclude that the compound (MTBE) should no longer be used as an addictive for gasoline
due to its affectation and toxicity in groundwater bodies. However, it can be used as a treatment for certain
types of diseases since according to the EPA 2016, satisfactory results have been obtained for these patients

Where The results showed that nano-PFOALs have a high efficiency in the catalytic ozonation of
MTBE and were suggested as suitable catalysts for the elimination of contaminants in water
through the catalytic ozonation process. (Afshin Dehghani Kiadehi, 2017)

Also another research article (Risk of vapor intrusion from oxygenates of combustible ether methyl
tert-butyl ether (MTBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE): a
modeling study) explained how an advanced numerical model was used to investigate the vapor
intrusion potential of combustible ether methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), tert-amyl methyl ether
(TAME), and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) oxygenates. Whose result is the recommendation of the
verification of the values allowed in the application of additives. (Jie Ma, 2017)
4

Table 1 shows the use values in minutes per day of a variety of products within the home to different people

Tabla 1 USOS POR MINUTO DE LOS PRODUCTOS

(min/uso) cosmeticos (acetona)(min/dia) ambientadores (p-diclorobnceno)(min/dia) bebidas alcoholicas(etanol,isopropanol)(min/dia)

andrea 30 10 60
jorge 10 10 480
luis 5 3 600
leonel 0 0 600
yasleidy 60 0 100
andres 15 10 120
esteban 0 0 480
katherine 70 20 60
effy 90 7 180
sol 30 25 240

In the following table we show the number of times per week that the people interviewed use the products at
home

Tabla 2# DE VECES POR SEMANA DE UN PRODUCTO

(usos/sem) cosmeticos (acetona)(usos/sem) ambientadores (p-diclorobnceno)(usos/sem) bebidas alcoholicas(etanol,isopropanol)(usos/sem)
andrea 6 18 0.5
jorge 0 18 3
luis 0 0 5
leonel 0 0 2
yasleidy 6 3 0.5
andres 1 12 1
esteban 2 24 6
katherine 6 12 1
effy 6 6 1
sol 6 28 1
Giancarlo cortes lara
Diego niño
Toxicología ambiental
The results by product are illustrated below

Gráfica 1 uso de cosméticos

In graph 1 we observe the use of cosmetics of our interviewed population and where we find that women are
the ones who mostly use these beauty products and their release into the environment is the responsibility to a
greater extent of women, in men we observe that only Andrés Jorge and Luis use or are indirectly exposed to
the use of these beauty products, in addition Leonel and Esteban, living alone and not using these products,
were not exposed

Gráfica 2 uso de ambientadores

In graph 2 we observe the use of air fresheners per minute of the people interviewed, where we find that the
majority of women use hygiene products to clean their homes with differences in the time of use by size of the
household, in men when living alone and in smaller places are less exposed to the use of these products. Finally
Giancarlo cortes lara
Diego niño
Toxicología ambiental
we have 3 people who do not use or are exposed to these compounds since they do not use air fresheners to
mitigate odors in their respective homes

Gráfica 3 duración del consumo de alcohol

In graph 3 we show the behavior of the duration of alcohol consumption in the interviewees, with men being
the ones who spend the longest time consuming alcohol, in the same way women, although to a lesser extent
they drink alcohol, finally we show that all the people interviewed consume alcohol

USO DE COSMETICOS
sol 6
effy 6
personas entrevistadas

katherine 6
esteban 2
andres 1
yasleidy 6
leonel 0
luis 0
jorge 0
andrea 6
# de usos a la semana

Gráfica 4 veces a la semana del uso de cosméticos

In graph 4 we observe the number of times a week in which the interviewees apply cosmetics, women being
the ones who use these types of products on a daily basis due to beauty trends and parameters, in men the use
Giancarlo cortes lara
Diego niño
Toxicología ambiental
of these products is zero or used however currently we see a growth trend in the number of men who use these
products

USO DE AMBIENTADORES
sol 28
effy 6
PERSONAS ENTREVISTADAS

katherine 12
esteban 24
andres 12
yasleidy 3
leonel 0
luis 0
jorge 18
andrea 18
# Usos a la semana

Gráfica 5 uso de ambientadores

In graph 5 we show the number of times per week that people use the air fresheners, where we show that the
people interviewed with a maximum of 28 times a week and less than 0, the people who live alone who are
responsible for these tasks use them To a greater extent, as is the case with Sol Esteban, Jorge and Andrea, who
are estimated to use a kitten three times a day, however there is also evidence of people who use them to a lesser
extent, either by decision or because they are not they are in charge of these tasks in their homes

CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL
sol 1
effy 1
personas entrevistadas

katherine 1
esteban 6
andres 1
yasleidy 0.5
leonel 2
luis 5
jorge 3
andrea 0.5
# usos a la semana

Gráfica 6 consumo de alcohol

Finally, we show the number of times that people consume alcohol a week, where it is shown that men mostly
practice this social activity more frequently than women, men with an average of 4 times a week and women
with Once a week and some cases once every two weeks
Giancarlo cortes lara
Diego niño
Toxicología ambiental
VOCs and MCOVs act on human health as irritants of the mucosa and conjunctivae, and of the nervous system;
some are carcinogens (benzene and perchlorethylene). Exposure to VOCs and MCOVs often affect lung
function and trigger allergies. (E, 2011)

Currently, people living in Western countries spend between 15 and 16 hours daily in indoor environments,
such as their home or domestic environments.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) represent a priority group within the list of indoor air pollutants, being
the main cause of many of the indoor air quality problems (CAI) and the symptoms associated with Sick
Building Syndrome (SEE). ). (SARA, 2012)

Although the individual concentration of each of the pollutants is generally low (between 5 and 50 µg m-3),
hundreds of them can be found simultaneously, which implies significant total levels of VOCs. As a result,
VOC concentrations in indoor environments are 1 to 20 times higher than in outdoor air. (SARA, 2012)

solventes(gal/6meses)
3500
solventes(gal/año)
7000
VOCs
22% xileno
15% etilbenceno
10% alcohol terbulitico

flujo (Gal/año) densidad (g/gal) COVs (g/año) COVs (kg/año)

xileno 1540 3274.38 5042545.2 5042.5452
etilbenceno 1050 3406.87 3577213.5 3577.2135
alcohol terbulitico 700 2952.62 2066834 2066.834
10686.5927 TOTAL

6
Giancarlo cortes lara
Diego niño
Toxicología ambiental

Bibliografía
(ATSDR), A. f. (2019). Obtenido de https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/phs/es_phs56.html

Afshin Dehghani Kiadehi, A. E.-M. (12 de july de 2017). Removal of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
from aqueous medium in the presence of nano-perfluorooctyl alumina (PFOAL):
Experimental study of adsorption and catalytic ozonation processes. Obtenido de
ScienceDirect.: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383586616315908

DIVULGA, U. (2020). Obtenido de https://www.uab.cat/web/detalle-noticia/los-covs-en-el-

montseny-entre-el-smog-urbano-y-la-biogeneracion-
1345680342040.html?articleId=1331191726027

Jie Ma, D. X. (15 de June de 2017). Vapor intrusion risk of fuel ether oxygenates methyl tert-butyl
ether (MTBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE): A modeling
study. Obtenido de ScienceDirect.:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389417301450

ATSDR. (2016). Agencia para sustancias toxicas y el registro de enfermedades . Obtenido de

Agencia para sustancias toxicas y el registro de enfermedades :
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/toxfaqs/es_tfacts91.html

CLAUDIA, G. (2019). El metil tert-butil éter (MtBE) en los pozos profundos del Acuífero Patiño,
Paraguay. SCIENCEDIRECT .

E, C. A. (2011). calidad del aire en areas urbanas e industriales de la region capital de la provincia
de buenos aires . centro de investigaciones del medio ambiente .
Giancarlo cortes lara
Diego niño
Toxicología ambiental
Nail, K. (2019). El uso de la omic de herramientas para evaluar el metil tert-butil éter (MTBE) la
degradación de las aguas subterráneas. sciencedirect.

SARA, R. (2012). Congreso internacional de ingenieria de proyetos . Obtenido de Congreso

internacional de ingenieria de proyetos :
http://dspace.aeipro.com/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/1202/CIIP12_1175_1187.p
df?sequence=1

STEVEN, G. (2016). Aplicación de la cinética de primer orden para caracterizar el MTBE atenuación
natural en las aguas subterráneas. Sciencedirect.