III.

Questions

1. Name and give the use of five pure aromatic hydrocarbons?

 Anthracene is used in the artificial production of the red dye alizarin. It is also used
in wood preservatives, insecticides, and coating materials.
 Benzene is a widely used industrial chemical and is a major part of gasoline. Some of
the other uses of Benzene include making plastics, synthetic
fibers, rubber lubricants, dyes, resins, detergents, drugs and more.
 Naphthalene is used to make mothballs, PVC, insecticides (insect killing
chemicals), dyes, toilet deodorant blocks, and phthalic anhydride. The latter, among
many other things, is used to make pharmaceutical and resins. Naphthalene is
flammable and potentially explosive.
 Phenols are widely used in household products and as intermediates for industrial
synthesis. For example, phenol itself is used (in low concentrations) as
a disinfectant in household cleaners and in mouthwash. Phenol may have been the
first surgical antiseptic.
 Toluene has numerous commercial and industrial applications and is a solvent in
paints, lacquers, thinners, glues, correction fluid and nail polish remover, and is used
in the printing and leather tanning processes. Methylbenzene can also be used as a
fullerene indicator, and is a raw material for toluene diisocyanate.

2. Write the Wurtz-Fittig reaction for the preparation of toluene.

C6H5Br + CH3Br + 2Na → C6H5CH3 + 2NaBr

Bromobenzene reacts with methyl bromide in presence of sodium and dry ether to form toluene.
 3. Benzene is the parent of all aromatic compounds. What are the ill effects of benzene in
the body?

Benzene causes harmful effects on the bone marrow and can cause a decrease in red
blood cells, leading to anemia. It can also cause excessive bleeding and can affect
the immune system, increasing the chance for infection.

Definition of Terms

1. Alizarin - is an organic compound with formula C 14H 8O 4 that has been used
throughout history as a prominent red dye, principally for dyeing textile fabrics.
2. Antiseptic - is a substance that stops or slows down the growth of microorganisms.
They're frequently used in hospitals and other medical settings to reduce the risk of
infection during surgery and other procedures.
3. Benzene - a chemical that is a colorless or light-yellow liquid at room temperature. It has
a sweet odor and is highly flammable.

REFERENCE/S:

National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH). (2018). Facts About Benzene. Retrieved
from https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/benzene/basics/facts.asp

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (2019). Toulene. Retrieved
from https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/toluene/

National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database. Anthracene, CID=8418,

Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Anthracene

National Pesticide Information Center. (2012). Napthalene. Retrived from

http://npic.orst.edu/ingred/naphth.html

Tim J. (2018). What are the Medical and Health uses for Phenol. Retreived from
https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-phenol
Aditya V. V. (2012). Wurtz Fittig Reaction. Retrieved from
https://www.adichemistry.com/organic/namedreactions/wurtzfittig/wurtz-fittig-1.html